341:
35:
437:
51:
372:
58:
368:, which barely survived today (only angular towers and parts of the defending wall). The tower was built as a combination of various styles, mostly Roman. The tower is 36 m (118 ft) tall and, being a natural lookout, it was used by Zemun's firemen for decades. Today, the tower is named after John Hunyadi, who actually died in the old fortress, 440 years before the tower was built.
460:
The tower is 36 m (118 ft) tall. It is 18 m (59 ft) in diameter at the base, but due to its design and the thickness of the walls, the interior at the same level has a diameter of only 6 m (20 ft). The tower gradually narrows on higher levels, so as the thickness of the
417:
The floors and walls were also renovated, while the canal was dug to conduct the atmospheric water from the cellar. The almost completely destroyed main entry door was also repaired, as were the terraces of the tower and the ironworks. They were all reconstructed after the original schematics from
413:
Borka and Đorđe Čubrilo organized the initial cleaning and renovation of the tower. Several tons of garbage was taken out of the tower. The Čubrilos rented the space and began reconstruction, per directives of the
Institute for Protection of Cultural Monuments. Electricity was reintroduced and the
404:
across the river. The story originated after the
Austrians actually hit the tower in 1914, bombing it from the Danube. The left staircase which led to the cellar, collapsed. burying the cellar. Local population believed this was done on purpose by the Austrians, to hide the underground corridors.
348:
During the archaeological surveys in 2012-2013, two excellently preserved Roman graves with numerous artifacts and intact skeletons were discovered. They are located near the base of the tower, between the eastern and southern tower of the original fortress, and were dated to the 2nd or the 3rd
408:
By 2006, the tower was ruined. It lost all additional construction elements (doors, windows) and was cut from all communal networks (electricity, sewage, water). It became a gathering place for the local homeless people and drug addicts. The wife and husband
425:
The Čubrilos adapted the tower into an art gallery. Each year they organize exhibitions dedicated to the tower's revitalization. Exhibitions include some 8,000 photos taken by Đorđe Čubrilo since 2006, recording every step of the renovation.
395:
corridors of Zemun, their length and branching, are sources of numerous urban myths. One is that some lagums, originating from a cellar below the vertical stairs at the bottom of the Gardoš Tower, actually go all the way below the
379:
The tower was projected by the
Hungarian architects. It was finished on 5 August 1896 and officially opened 15 days later. Soon after it was built, inhabitants of Zemun began to call it colloquially after John Hunyadi.
429:
The stairs which connect the tower plateau and the Gardoška Street has been named the
Staircase of Professor Dabižić in September 2021. Miodrag A. Dabiižić (1922-2017) was a historian and Zemun's chronicler.
405:
After the war, a tunnel was dug from the present ground-floor gallery into the buried cellar, but it turned out there were no corridors out of it. Still, the myth survives. It was also renovated in 1962.
422:. The tower is embellished with decorative lights. The original, 2012 lights were replaced with the new ones in December 2019 as part of the wider reconstruction project for the entire fortress.
468:
and especially made hollow bricks, designed to put as much weight to the structure of the object as possible. Originally, an eagle was placed at the top of the tower, while each
332:. Though today usually considered by the Belgraders as part of the old Gardoš Fortress, on which remains it was built, the tower is some 5 centuries younger than the fortress.
491:
414:
floors and vertical staircases which leads to the scenic viewpoint were renovated. The right staircase is the original one, from 1896, which survived the 1914 bombing.
289:. The Millennium project included seven monuments in total all over the Hungarian part of Austro-Hungary, with Gardoš Tower being the southernmost; the others were at
436:
325:
126:
728:
443:
608:
738:
329:
461:
outer walls, which is 1.4 m (4 ft 7 in) on the second floor and 0.8 m (2 ft 7 in) on the third.
50:
568:
549:
356:
as well as four millennium towers on four directions of the world. Being the southernmost city in then
Hungary within the
733:
655:
481:
472:(rest area) had two sculptures, a lion and a coat of arms. Of all these ornaments, only one lion survived.
119:
695:
723:
251:
239:
227:
676:
748:
590:
743:
564:
545:
419:
340:
34:
8:
352:
The Gardoš Tower was part of the massive construction effort which included buildings in
612:
281:. It was built and officially opened on 20 August 1896 to celebrate a thousand years of
401:
317:
383:
The tower was severely damaged in 1914 during the
Austrian-Serbian fighting in the
357:
286:
391:. This gave birth to one of the Zemun's urban myths. The lagums, or underground
486:
321:
266:
717:
141:
128:
261:
388:
384:
344:
The remains of the medieval wall of the Zemun fortress and
Gardosh Tower.
465:
410:
302:
400:
river, crossing to
Belgrade and connecting Gardoš Fortress with the
294:
660:
638:
371:
365:
361:
353:
290:
274:
102:
298:
349:
century AD. The skeletons were nicknamed "the oldest
Zemunians".
282:
447:
310:
278:
209:
112:
492:
Spatial
Cultural-Historical Units of Great Importance (Serbia)
375:
The remains of the medieval fortress of Zemun on Gardosh hill.
392:
306:
270:
92:
397:
313:. They were all different, including obelisks and columns.
588:
546:
Monuments of Culture in Serbia: "Старо Градско језгро"
636:
Snežana Prljević (4 April 2012), "Zemunski Gardoš",
326:
Spatial Cultural-Historical Unit of Great Importance
565:Monuments of Culture in Serbia: "Земунска тврђава"
693:
674:
526:
715:
635:
658:[Gardoš Tower - tourist attraction],
698:[Staircase of Professor Dabižića].
589:Dragana Jokić Stamenković (27 April 2011),
631:
629:
360:, the tower was built on the ruins of the
653:
656:"Kula na Gardošu – turistička atrakcija"
370:
339:
320:, and also located in the middle of the
694:Branka Vasiljević (21 September 2021).
626:
527:Branka Vasiljević (1 September 2019).
716:
584:
582:
580:
522:
520:
518:
516:
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
593:[Shine of the Gardoš Tower],
729:Buildings and structures in Belgrade
679:[New shine on Gardoš hill].
675:Branka Vasiljević (5 January 2019).
57:
577:
503:
13:
14:
760:
709:
435:
56:
49:
33:
696:"Stepenište profesora Dabižića"
455:
387:, but was renovated during the
739:Protected Monuments of Culture
687:
668:
647:
601:
558:
539:
531:[Gardoš srce Zemuna].
446:Panorama picture of Zemun and
255:
243:
231:
25:Кула Гардош, Миленијумска кула
1:
535:(in Serbian). pp. 28–29.
497:
330:Protected Monument of Culture
324:, tower is protected both as
611:(in Serbian). Archived from
418:1896, which are kept in the
7:
654:N.Miković (7 August 2008),
475:
450:from Gardosh Tower and hill
10:
765:
677:"Novi sjaj Gardoškog brda"
533:Politika-Magazin, No. 1144
335:
609:"Kula Gardoš - Istorijat"
482:Heroes' Square (Budapest)
364:fortress on Gardoš hill,
207:
202:
194:
189:
181:
173:
165:
157:
118:
108:
98:
88:
83:
73:
44:
32:
23:
18:
573:(in Serbian and English)
554:(in Serbian and English)
528:
65:Location within Belgrade
24:
664:(in Serbian), p. 1
643:(in Serbian), p. 7
301:in Slovakia), Munkács (
185:36 m (118 ft)
142:44.848333°N 20.409750°E
734:Architecture in Serbia
591:"Sjaj Kule na Gardošu"
376:
345:
198:18 m (59 ft)
374:
343:
305:in Ukraine), Nyitra (
297:in Romania), Dévény (
248:Kula Sibinjanin Janka
79:Tower of John Hunyadi
420:Belgrade City Museum
256:Кула Сибињанин Јанка
147:44.848333; 20.409750
39:Gardoš Tower in 2013
27:Кула Сибињанин Јанка
138: /
84:General information
529:Гардош срце Земуна
377:
346:
309:in Slovakia), and
285:settlement in the
464:It is built from
402:Belgrade Fortress
318:Old Core of Zemun
244:Миленијумска кула
234:), also known as
220:
219:
74:Alternative names
756:
724:Towers in Serbia
704:
703:
691:
685:
684:
672:
666:
665:
651:
645:
644:
633:
624:
623:
621:
620:
605:
599:
598:
586:
575:
574:
562:
556:
555:
543:
537:
536:
524:
439:
257:
252:Serbian Cyrillic
245:
240:Serbian Cyrillic
236:Millennium Tower
233:
228:Serbian Cyrillic
216:
213:
211:
153:
152:
150:
149:
148:
143:
139:
136:
135:
134:
131:
77:Millennium Tower
60:
59:
53:
37:
16:
15:
764:
763:
759:
758:
757:
755:
754:
753:
714:
713:
712:
707:
692:
688:
673:
669:
652:
648:
634:
627:
618:
616:
607:
606:
602:
587:
578:
572:
563:
559:
553:
544:
540:
530:
525:
504:
500:
478:
458:
453:
452:
451:
445:
440:
358:Austria-Hungary
338:
287:Pannonian plain
208:
146:
144:
140:
137:
132:
129:
127:
125:
124:
78:
69:
68:
67:
66:
63:
62:
61:
40:
28:
26:
12:
11:
5:
762:
752:
751:
749:Hunyadi family
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
711:
710:External links
708:
706:
705:
686:
667:
646:
625:
600:
576:
557:
538:
501:
499:
496:
495:
494:
489:
487:Palanok Castle
484:
477:
474:
457:
454:
442:
441:
434:
433:
432:
337:
334:
322:Zemun Fortress
293:, Brassó (now
267:memorial tower
218:
217:
212:.kulanagardosu
205:
204:
200:
199:
196:
192:
191:
187:
186:
183:
179:
178:
175:
171:
170:
169:20 August 1896
167:
163:
162:
159:
155:
154:
122:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
64:
55:
54:
48:
47:
46:
45:
42:
41:
38:
30:
29:
21:
20:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
761:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
721:
719:
702:(in Serbian).
701:
697:
690:
683:(in Serbian).
682:
678:
671:
663:
662:
657:
650:
642:
640:
632:
630:
615:on 2011-07-13
614:
610:
604:
596:
592:
585:
583:
581:
570:
566:
561:
551:
547:
542:
534:
523:
521:
519:
517:
515:
513:
511:
509:
507:
502:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
479:
473:
471:
467:
462:
449:
444:
438:
431:
427:
423:
421:
415:
412:
406:
403:
399:
394:
390:
386:
381:
373:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
350:
342:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
263:
260:The Tower of
253:
249:
241:
237:
229:
225:
215:
206:
201:
197:
193:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
161:5 August 1896
160:
156:
151:
123:
121:
117:
114:
111:
107:
104:
101:
97:
94:
91:
87:
82:
76:
72:
52:
43:
36:
31:
22:
17:
744:Tower houses
699:
689:
680:
670:
659:
649:
637:
617:. Retrieved
613:the original
603:
597:(in Serbian)
594:
560:
541:
532:
469:
463:
459:
456:Architecture
428:
424:
416:
407:
382:
378:
351:
347:
315:
262:John Hunyadi
259:
247:
235:
224:Gardoš Tower
223:
221:
133:20°24′35.1″E
130:44°50′54.0″N
99:Town or city
19:Gardoš Tower
389:Interbellum
385:World War I
328:, and as a
316:As part of
269:located in
232:Кула Гардош
166:Inaugurated
145: /
120:Coordinates
718:Categories
641:-Putovanja
619:2011-03-17
498:References
411:gallerists
273:, city of
190:Dimensions
466:sandstone
303:Mukachevo
283:Hungarian
177:2006-2010
174:Renovated
158:Completed
700:Politika
681:Politika
661:Politika
639:Politika
595:Politika
476:See also
366:Taurunum
362:medieval
354:Budapest
291:Budapest
275:Belgrade
195:Diameter
103:Belgrade
89:Location
336:History
265:) is a
203:Website
109:Country
470:podest
448:Danube
311:Szeged
295:Brașov
279:Serbia
182:Height
113:Serbia
393:loess
307:Nitra
299:Devín
271:Zemun
246:) or
93:Zemun
569:SANU
550:SANU
398:Sava
222:The
214:.com
210:www
720::
628:^
579:^
571:)
552:)
505:^
277:,
258:,
254::
242::
230::
622:.
567:(
548:(
250:(
238:(
226:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_-_Kula_Sibinjanin_Janka.jpg)
.jpg)