290:, in the (probably mistaken) belief that he was defending the king's tributary. García and the other Castilian leaders were taken captive and held for three days before being released. Bernard Reilly has read the circumstances as implying that García was then an exile who had taken refuge in the south of the peninsula.
358:
At the same time as his return to court, García thus received a vast fief comprising the erstwhile southern provinces of
Navarre, promotion to the highest aristocratic title in the realm, and the hand in marriage of a Navarrese princess, presumably through Alfonso's actions, since the Navarrese royal
465:
army in the south centre of the peninsula. The result was a
Castilian–Leonese defeat. García's participation in court politics appears to have continued to decline after this. Of twenty-three royal charters issued between 1100 and 1107, a year before his death, he confirmed eleven, still a sizable
317:), the highest recognised rank in the kingdom before the 13th century and which meant a seat on the royal council, beside the granting of fiefs and other lands. The precise date of his promotion is unclear. The earliest dated reference to his carrying this title is the
351:. Finally, there is a dubious royal charter from 3 December 1080 which was confirmed by one "Count García". The earliest secure reference to García as count is from 18 April 1081, also the first reference to his first wife, Urraca. Historian
418:
from 1088 to 1091, García was the most prominent magnate in the kingdom and he frequently attended the royal court, confirming eleven charters out of a total of eighteen from these years, the most of any count. At about this time, however,
359:
family had fallen under his protection after the assassination of Sancho IV of
Navarre in 1076. Also at this time, García's chief rival, the Cid, was forced into exile, and, by July 1081, García's brother, Rodrigo, had been appointed
102:
had such a son, his name being absent from the earliest documentation of their family. It has been suggested that instead the
Castilian count Ordoño Ordóñez, García's father, was son of count Ordoño Fafílaz of the
386:
was the same person as the Lop Jiménez who co-led the 1079 expedition against
Seville. If so, then he is another ally of García Ordóñez who benefited from the latter's rise after his return to Castile.
529:
states that "Sancho, the king's son, and Count García Fernández and Count Don Martín and many others died" at Uclés. "García Fernández" is probably an error for Ordóñez, if the thirteenth-century
323:
of the Cid, but it is mis-dated to 10/19 July 1074, whereas it must date from between July 1078 and July 1081. The charter, redacted weeks after the last known reference to García as
209:, García was a figure on the rise. He subscribed three of the ten surviving royal charters of Sancho's reign, while his father confirmed five. During this time he was associated with
461:
on 15 August 1097. This campaign had begun as planned harassment of Aragon, perhaps a concerted action with
Zaragoza to re-take Huesca, but it was diverted by the arrival of an
293:
By 1080, the positions of García and his rival the Cid in the eyes of
Alfonso had been reversed. By May (or at least by 6 December 1081) Alfonso had placed the territory of
427:, and he quickly surpassed García in power, although the latter still confirmed fifteen of twenty-seven royal diplomas of the period 1092–99, more than any other magnate.
340:
282:
kingdoms, furthering his hegemony in the south of the peninsula. Whatever the case, at the time of the attack, the Cid was leading a
Castilian embassy to the court of
997:
278:, who had formerly been leading men in Navarre and in Castile under Sancho II. With this expedition Alfonso VI may have been intending to produce discord between the
54:, the Cid, whose high position at court he took over after the Cid's exile in 1080. He was one of the most important military leaders and territorial governors under
807:
Historia Crítica de la
Literatura Española, Tomo III, (II Parte, Subciclo I) (The History and Criticism of Spanish Literature, Volume III, (Second Part, subpart I))
335:, although he is only known to have held that post between January 1078 and June 1081. There is a royal charter dated 1077 that refers to "García, count of Nájera" (
118:
992:
232:
in
Castile. Among the confirmants is García Ordóñez, who was thus among the first to reconcile himself to the new king. In 1074 García was appointed the king's
157:, although there is no documentary evidence that he had such a daughter. More probably she was from north of the Pyrenees, perhaps the daughter of Aimery IV,
805:
de los Rios, José Amador (1863). "Capitulo 3: Primeros Monumentos Escritos de la Poesía Castellana (Chapter 3:First Written Monuments of Castilian Poetry)".
275:
541:
in the Rioja dated that year. His death left a power vacuum in the Rioja, which for much of the twelfth century fell outside Castilian control.
297:
in his hands, with his chief seat at Nájera. To that same month is dated the last charter recording the presence of the Cid at Alfonso's court.
453:. Alongside the Zaragozans, the Castilian counts led their personal retinues against the besiegers, but were defeated on 18 November in the
228:
In 1072, Sancho II was assassinated, and his brother Alfonso VI succeeded him. On 8 December, Alfonso granted a charter to the monastery of
153:
Sometime after the death of his first wife (after 1095), García married again, this time to a certain Eva, long identified as a daughter of
117:
between 19 April 1042 and 1 July 1047. García's mother was named Enderquina, but her origins are unknown. He was also related, somehow, to
343:. Another royal charter dated 8 May 1080 lists nineteen counts, among them García Ordóñez, but the list appears to be anachronistic, as
201:
García's public career began late in the reign of Ferdinand I, when he subscribed a charter of 10 May 1062, now in the cartulary of the
501:, where he died defending the life of the young Sancho, who would die in the same battle shortly after. His death is recorded in the
98:. However, that family's geographical base was in León, whereas García's was in Castile. Further, there is debate as to whether the
572:
74:
García was the son of a count Ordoño Ordóñez whose identity is disputed. Traditionally he was identified with a supposed son of
398:. By 20 November 1085, according to a document in the cartulary of San Millán, García's lordship was extended south to include
138:. The earliest reference to the marriage dates from 18 April that year, when the couple witnessed a donation of her brother
236:
by 20 February, a post he continued in down to 24 June at least. Thereafter he disappears from court records until 1080.
142:. Urraca gave García three children, two daughters (Elvira and Mayor) and a son Fernando, speculated to be identical to
139:
982:
611:
Salazar Acha, Jaime de. "El linaje castellano de Castro en el siglo XII: consideraciones e hipótesis sobre su origin."
131:
517:, where the battle is dated to 24 June. The death of seven counts at Uclés led the Christians to refer to the site as
114:
629:
Torres Sevilla-Quiñones de León, M. C. "Cruzados y peregrinos leoneses y castellanos en Tierra Santa (ss. XI–XII)."
162:
55:
339:), but he is not known to have received the lordship of Nájera until 1081. The count being referred to is possibly
206:
525:, which writes that "Count García of Grañón, called Crispus, and six other counts with him were killed". The
431:
449:, received assistance from his nominal overlord, Alfonso VI, in the persons of García Ordóñez de Nájera and
424:
174:
328:
186:
450:
476:
143:
355:
argued that García was appointed count of Nájera in 1076, a contention not generally accepted today.
352:
178:
498:
415:
190:
154:
63:
283:
244:
There is a false document dated 1075 by which Alfonso VI purportedly made a grant of privileges to
51:
229:
946:
occubuit Sancius Regis filius et comes Garsias Fernandi et comes domnus Martinus et alii plures
538:
810:
557:
Bishko, Charles J. "Fernando I and the Origins of the Leonese-Castilian Alliance With Cluny."
395:
158:
534:
95:
91:
977:
573:"El conde García Ordóñez, rival del Cid Campeador: su familia, sus servicios a Alfonso VI."
368:
274:. Among the other leaders on this campaign were two Navarrese magnates, Fortún Sánchez and
202:
135:
87:
8:
796:
792:
513:
458:
420:
80:
638:
Linajes nobiliarios en el Reino de León: parentesco, poder y mentalidad (siglos IX–XIII)
489:
218:
170:
39:
494:
181:, ancestor of the House of Aza, whose christening took place in 1106 according to the
59:
800:
454:
446:
439:
364:
929:
occisus est comes Garsias de Grannione cognomento Crispus et sex alii comites cum eo
294:
268:
252:
222:
43:
344:
987:
507:
287:
286:, ruler of Seville, and he repulsed the Christian and Grenadine attackers at the
147:
379:
319:
310:
107:
clan. García's father can be shown from surviving documents to have served as
971:
803:
says that the other two Castilian leaders were Diego Pérez and Lope Sánchez.
586:
537:. The last reference to García as living occurs in a private document of the
407:
305:
Sometime shortly after his return to court, García was raised to the rank of
267:
to León–Castile. While there he led an army on behalf of Granada against the
606:
566:
104:
383:
596:
403:
391:
423:, a newcomer to the kingdom, was married to the king's eldest daughter,
50:, from 1080 until his death. He is famous in literature as the rival of
166:
109:
462:
399:
182:
521:(Siete Condes), although García is the only count identified in the
47:
210:
375:
126:
76:
58:, and was entrusted with military tutorship of the king's heir,
613:
Anales de la Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía
435:
257:
245:
214:
150:. A charter issued by Mayor in 1145 traces her royal ancestry.
193:. García also had an illegitimate son named Fernando Pellica.
603:
The Kingdom of León-Castilla under King Alfonso VI, 1065–1109
471:
306:
263:
561:. London: Variorum Reprints, 1980. Originally published in
177:
and his wife Sancha de Urgell. Eva had one son by García:
593:
The Kingdom of León-Castilla under Queen Urraca, 1109–1126
804:
205:. During the reign of Ferdinand's successor in Castile,
482:
239:
703:
Barton, 229; Torres, "Cruzados y peregrinos", 70–71.
809:(in Spanish). Madrid, Spain: J. Rodriguez. p.
552:
The Aristocracy in Twelfth-Century León and Castile
445:. In the late fall of 1096, the ruler of Zaragoza,
493:, Alfonso VI named García tutor for his only son,
402:, an episcopal seat. By 1089 it was also included
479:. In 1106 García made a donation to San Millán.
969:
347:, who was not made count until 1091, appears as
605:. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988.
595:. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982.
469:On 1 February 1095 García and Urraca granted a
189:. After García's death, Eva remarried to count
998:11th-century nobility from the Kingdom of León
554:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
367:who by 1081 had been granted all three of the
300:
62:, with whom he died on the field of battle at
390:In August 1084 García made a donation to the
559:Studies in Medieval Spanish Frontier History
161:, one of the French barons who had answered
993:12th-century nobility from León and Castile
765:
763:
761:
759:
757:
681:
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
565:, 47:31–135 (1968), and 48:30–116 (1969).
165:'s international call for aid against the
196:
754:
660:
636:Torres Sevilla-Quiñones de León, M. C.
533:can be trusted, and Martín is probably
69:
970:
497:. On 29 May 1108, he took part in the
248:, which lists García as a confirmant.
618:Smith, Colin. "The Personages of the
410:. At this time, corresponding to the
483:Tutorship of Sancho Alfónsez (1108)
13:
251:In 1079, García was dispatched to
240:Outside of royal service (1074–80)
14:
1009:
583:A History of Aragon and Catalonia
466:portion, but now less than half.
90:and hence grandson of two kings,
712:Canal Sánchez-Pagín, pp. 757-758
694:Barton, 33; Salazar Acha, 33–68.
363:to the king. It may be that the
124:Before 1081, García married the
951:
934:
917:
904:
891:
878:
865:
852:
839:
830:
817:
791:This must be distinct from the
785:
776:
563:Cuadernos de Historia de España
457:. García also took part in the
115:Ferdinand I of León and Castile
741:
728:
715:
706:
697:
688:
651:
576:Anuario de Estudios Medievales
38:in the epic literature, was a
1:
544:
432:Peter I of Aragon and Navarre
132:García Sánchez III of Navarre
130:Urraca Garcés, a daughter of
640:. Universidad de León, 1999.
7:
622:and the Date of the Poem."
571:Canal Sánchez-Pagín, J. M.
301:Count of Nájera (1080–1108)
22:(died 29 May 1108), called
10:
1014:
624:The Modern Language Review
175:Hugh II, Count of Empúries
983:People of the Reconquista
827:, 131–33; Chaytor, 39–40.
585:. London: Methuan, 1933.
795:who died in 1054 at the
644:
213:in the northeast of the
187:San Millán de la Cogolla
159:viscount of Rochechouart
477:Fresnillo de las Dueñas
337:Garsias comes de Nazara
261:(tribute) owed by that
144:Fernando García de Hita
626:, 66(3):580–98 (1971).
539:monastery of Valvanera
416:Pedro González de Lara
349:Fernandus Didaz commes
314:
197:Early career (1062–74)
191:Pedro González de Lara
155:Pedro Fróilaz de Traba
42:magnate who ruled the
845:Barton, 249; Reilly,
747:Barton, 249; Reilly,
451:Gonzalo Núñez de Lara
341:García Jiménez de Oca
52:Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar
657:Salazar Acha, 56–57.
353:Ramón Menéndez Pidal
230:San Pedro de Cardeña
203:monastery of Arlanza
185:of the monastery of
179:García Garcés de Aza
146:, progenitor of the
70:Family and marriages
797:Battle of Atapuerca
601:Reilly, Bernard F.
591:Reilly, Bernard F.
578:, 27:749–73 (1997).
523:Chronica naierensis
514:Chronica naierensis
459:Battle of Consuegra
421:Raymond of Burgundy
396:San Adrián de Palma
46:, with his seat at
36:el Crespo de Grañón
581:Chaytor, Henry J.
503:De rebus Hispaniae
490:De rebus Hispaniae
219:Way of Saint James
171:Battle of Sagrajas
119:Álvaro Díaz de Oca
96:Bermudo II of León
801:Historia Roderici
633:, 9:63–82 (1999).
615:, 1:33–68 (1991).
550:Barton, Simon F.
487:According to the
455:Battle of Alcoraz
88:Cristina Bermúdez
16:Castilian magnate
1005:
962:
955:
949:
938:
932:
921:
915:
908:
902:
895:
889:
882:
876:
869:
863:
856:
850:
843:
837:
834:
828:
821:
815:
814:
789:
783:
780:
774:
767:
752:
745:
739:
732:
726:
719:
713:
710:
704:
701:
695:
692:
686:
683:
658:
655:
620:Poema de Mio Cid
438:, a city of the
329:Rodrigo González
223:Miranda del Ebro
136:Sancho Garcés IV
1013:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1003:
1002:
968:
967:
966:
965:
956:
952:
939:
935:
922:
918:
909:
905:
896:
892:
883:
879:
870:
866:
857:
853:
844:
840:
836:Chaytor, 39–40.
835:
831:
822:
818:
790:
786:
781:
777:
768:
755:
746:
742:
733:
729:
720:
716:
711:
707:
702:
698:
693:
689:
685:Barton, 249–50.
684:
661:
656:
652:
647:
547:
527:Chronicon mundi
508:Chronicon mundi
499:Battle of Uclés
495:Sancho Alfónsez
485:
475:to the town of
303:
288:Battle of Cabra
255:to collect the
242:
199:
148:House of Castro
72:
60:Sancho Alfónsez
17:
12:
11:
5:
1011:
1001:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
964:
963:
950:
933:
916:
903:
890:
877:
864:
851:
838:
829:
816:
793:Fortún Sánchez
784:
775:
753:
740:
727:
714:
705:
696:
687:
659:
649:
648:
646:
643:
642:
641:
634:
627:
616:
609:
599:
589:
579:
569:
555:
546:
543:
519:Septem Comitem
484:
481:
447:al-Musta'in II
320:carta de arras
302:
299:
241:
238:
198:
195:
173:(1086), or of
169:following the
134:and sister of
81:Ordoño Ramírez
71:
68:
20:García Ordóñez
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1010:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
975:
973:
960:
954:
947:
943:
937:
930:
926:
920:
913:
907:
900:
894:
887:
881:
874:
868:
861:
855:
848:
842:
833:
826:
820:
812:
808:
802:
798:
794:
788:
779:
772:
766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
750:
744:
737:
731:
724:
718:
709:
700:
691:
682:
680:
678:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
666:
664:
654:
650:
639:
635:
632:
628:
625:
621:
617:
614:
610:
608:
604:
600:
598:
594:
590:
588:
584:
580:
577:
574:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
553:
549:
548:
542:
540:
536:
535:Martín Laíñez
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
515:
510:
509:
504:
500:
496:
492:
491:
480:
478:
474:
473:
467:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
442:
437:
433:
428:
426:
422:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
394:monastery of
393:
388:
385:
381:
377:
373:
372:
366:
362:
356:
354:
350:
346:
345:Fernando Díaz
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
321:
316:
312:
308:
298:
296:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
271:
266:
265:
260:
259:
254:
249:
247:
237:
235:
231:
226:
224:
221:leading from
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
151:
149:
145:
141:
140:Ramiro Garcés
137:
133:
129:
128:
122:
120:
116:
112:
111:
106:
101:
97:
93:
89:
86:
83:and his wife
82:
79:
78:
67:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
958:
953:
945:
941:
936:
928:
924:
919:
911:
906:
898:
893:
885:
880:
872:
867:
859:
854:
846:
841:
832:
824:
819:
806:
787:
778:
770:
748:
743:
735:
730:
722:
717:
708:
699:
690:
653:
637:
631:Medievalismo
630:
623:
619:
612:
602:
592:
582:
575:
562:
558:
551:
530:
526:
522:
518:
512:
506:
502:
488:
486:
470:
468:
440:
429:
411:
406:and by 1092
389:
370:
365:Lope Íñiguez
360:
357:
348:
336:
332:
324:
318:
304:
292:
279:
276:Lope Sánchez
269:
262:
256:
250:
243:
233:
227:
217:, along the
200:
152:
125:
123:
108:
99:
84:
75:
73:
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
18:
978:1108 deaths
782:Bishko, 40.
443:of Zaragoza
392:Benedictine
972:Categories
959:Alfonso VI
942:Alfonso VI
925:Alfonso VI
912:Alfonso VI
899:Alfonso VI
886:Alfonso VI
873:Alfonso VI
860:Alfonso VI
847:Alfonso VI
825:Alfonso VI
771:Alfonso VI
749:Alfonso VI
736:Alfonso VI
723:Alfonso VI
545:References
511:, and the
327:, records
284:al-Mutamid
272:of Seville
167:Almoravids
163:Alfonso VI
105:Banu Gómez
92:Ramiro III
56:Alfonso VI
961:, 353–55.
901:, 285–88.
862:, 226–27.
773:, 131–33.
531:Chronicon
463:Almoravid
434:besieged
430:In 1096,
414:-ship of
400:Calahorra
384:Guipúzcoa
207:Sancho II
183:cartulary
40:Castilian
24:de Nájera
957:Reilly,
940:Reilly,
923:Reilly,
910:Reilly,
897:Reilly,
884:Reilly,
871:Reilly,
858:Reilly,
823:Reilly,
769:Reilly,
751:, 76–77.
738:, 70–71.
734:Reilly,
725:, 36–37.
721:Reilly,
371:señoríos
295:La Rioja
211:Pancorvo
100:infantes
28:de Cabra
944:, 353:
927:, 353:
412:alférez
369:Basque
361:alférez
333:alférez
325:alférez
253:Granada
234:alférez
127:infanta
110:alférez
85:infanta
77:infante
32:Crispus
988:El Cid
914:, 331.
888:, 283.
875:, 278.
799:. The
607:Online
597:Online
587:Online
567:Online
505:, the
436:Huesca
425:Urraca
408:Madriz
404:Grañón
382:, and
380:Biscay
258:parias
246:Burgos
215:Bureba
48:Nájera
849:, 83.
645:Notes
472:fuero
441:taifa
376:Álava
315:comes
311:Latin
307:count
280:taifa
270:taifa
264:taifa
64:Uclés
44:Rioja
94:and
30:and
811:104
374:of
331:as
113:to
34:or
26:or
974::
756:^
662:^
378:,
313::
225:.
121:.
66:.
948:.
931:.
813:.
309:(
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