Alfonso VI of León and Castile

1794:

the same person, "despite of the impotent efforts of later historians to try to prove that she was not the Moor Zaida", and, accordingly, she would also be the mother of Elvira and Sancha Alfónsez. He supports this based on several arguments, including the turnaround time between the last appearance of Bertha and Isabel's first charter as Alfonso's wife, much shorter than the interval preceding his other remarriages presumed to have involved international diplomacy, which Salazar y Acha argues indicates that Isabel was ready to hand rather than being a foreign princess. Likewise, he argues, shortly after the marriage of the king with Isabel his son Sancho begins to confirm royal charters and, if Isabel and Zaida were not the same person, the new queen would not have allowed the new protagonism of Sancho in detriment of her possible future sons. He also cites a charter from the cathedral of Astorga dated 14 April 1107 where Alfonso VI grants some

949:", Sancho besieged the city. However, during the siege, Sancho II was murdered. According to tradition, during the siege a nobleman named Vellido Dolfos appeared before the king, claiming to have changed his loyalty from Urraca to Sancho. Under the pretense of showing him the weak parts of the city's walls, Dolfos separated the king from his guard and killed him with a spear. Although there is no clear evidence that Sancho II's death was due to treason rather than deceit, since Dolfos was Sancho II's enemy, his murder occurred in a warlike attack during the siege, not near the city walls, but rather in a nearby forest where Dolfos lured the Castilian king away from his armed protection. The violent death of Sancho II, who had no descendants, allowed Alfonso VI to reclaim his throne as well as Sancho's and Garcia's original inheritances of Castile and Galicia, respectively. 1826:, an unusual formula that confirms a legitimate marriage. Salazar y Acha and Reilly interpret this quote as proof that the king had married Zaida, thus legitimising their son and the relationship of concubinage. Gambra, however, disagrees and says that it is "an extremely weak argument, starting with the documentary reference, which is scarcely significant. Its character is rather ornamental and literary." Montaner Frutos also says that this hypothesis is "unlikely and problematic" since it was not necessary for the king to marry Zaida to legitimize his son and that, furthermore, the French Isabel died in 1107 according to her epitaph. Montaner Frutos also mentions a donation from Queen Urraca years later, in 1115, when she donated properties to Toledo Cathedral and only mentions one Isabel as the king's wife. 1501:

deposited by the abbot Ramón Alegrías in a box, which was placed in the southern wall of the chapel of the Crucifix until January 1835, when the remains were collected again and placed in another box and taken to the archive where the remains of the wives of the sovereign were at that time. The purpose was to place all the royal remains in a new sanctuary that was being built at that time. However, when the Royal Monastery of San Benito was dissolved in 1835, the monks delivered the two boxes with the royal remains to a relative of one of them, who kept it hidden until 1902, when these were discovered by Rodrigo Fernández Núñez, a professor at the Institute of Zamora Rodrigo.

7232: 1880:

diploma is considered suspicious, and the second time in that same year at an unspecified date. Isabel's last mention in royal diplomas was on 8 and 14 May 1107 and she probably died in the middle of that year. She is, according to Salazar y Acha, Zaida, who after her baptism was called Isabel. If not identical to Zaida, her origin is uncertain. Bishop Pelagius of Oviedo does not refer to her origin nor does he draw any link between mistress Zaida and wife Isabel. Lucas de Tuy in the 13th century, based on the epitaph of Isabel, makes her daughter of King Louis of France, who at that time would have to be

1251:. Álvar Fáñez, who had been called from Valencia, came and joined the king's forces. The battle ended with the defeat of the Christian troops, who returned to Toledo to defend themselves. The Emir, however, did not take advantage of the victory since he had to rush back to Africa because of the death of his son. The defeat marked the beginning of a new era in the Iberian Peninsula that lasted about three decades, in which the military initiative was taken by the Almoravids and Alfonso VI had to remain on the defensive. Nevertheless, he was able to retain Toledo, the main target of the Almoravid attacks. 1620: 902:

wedding of Sancho II to an English noblewoman named Alberta on 26 May 1069. This was the same event where both decided to join forces to divide between themselves the Kingdom of Galicia that had been assigned to their younger brother García II. In the wake of the fratricidal war waged between the successors of al-Muzaffar, ruler of the taifa of Badajoz, upon the latter's death in 1068, Alfonso managed to exploit the situation in order to extract economic profit, even though the taifa nominally fell under García's sphere of influence.

6562: 705: 6897: 31: 1334:, but lost them in November 1094 when his son-in-law Raymond of Burgundy, responsible for defending these cities, was defeated by the Almoravid army that had taken Badajoz shortly before. The only good news for Alfonso VI was the recovery of Valencia in June by El Cid, who had defeated the Almoravid army that had advanced against him in the Battle of Cuarte on 21 October. This victory set the eastern border for about a decade. 1976:(sharing the kingdom between the two daughters and the son instead of bequeathing all to the only son, more typical of Navarrese-Aragonese tradition) of the Counties of Galicia and Portugal to her two Burgundian sons-in-law, Raymond and Henry. After a few years, that decision led to the independence of Portugal and the possibility of an independent Galicia under Alfonso Raimúndez, which ultimately did not materialize when the 1005: 1351: 1561:, an arrangement negotiated in 1067. She is said to have been sent to Iberia, but to have died before the marriage could take place. There is scholarly dispute over whether Alfonso was the Iberian king involved, and if so, whether the daughter of William involved was Agatha or a different daughter, Adelaide. 1879:

Alfonso VI's penultimate marriage was in early 1100 to Isabel and "the cause of controversy during centuries has been whether this Isabel was the same person as the Arab Muslim Princess Zaida or a different individual". Alfonso and Isabel appear together for the first time on 14 May 1100 although the

1805:

Reilly follows Bishop Pelagius in distinguishing the mistress Zaida (baptized Isabel) from the Isabel whom Alfonso married in 1100, but argues that to reinforce the position of his son Sancho, the king annulled his marriage to Queen Isabel in March 1106 and remarried to the boy's mother Zaida/Isabel.

980:

Thanks to Sancho II's death, García II could regain his own throne of Galicia; however, the following year, on 13 February 1073, Alfonso summoned García to a meeting, whereupon he imprisoned his younger brother. Garcia was held at the castle of Luna for seventeen years, where he eventually died on 22

944:

Alfonso VI, from his exile in Toledo, obtained the support of the Leonese nobility and his sister Urraca, who remained strong in the city of Zamora, a lordship that Ferdinand I had granted her previously. When Urraca refused to exchange Zamora for other cities that Sancho had offered her in an effort

892:

After his coronation in the city of León in January 1066, Alfonso VI had to confront the expansionist desires (although Alfonso would prove himself as having the same or more so) of his brother Sancho II, who, as the eldest son, considered himself the sole legitimate heir of all the kingdoms of their

1967:

Alfonso VI, the conqueror of Toledo, the great Europeanizing monarch, saw in the last years of his reign how the great political work that he had carried started to be dismantled due to Almoravid attacks and internal weaknesses. Alfonso VI had fully assumed the imperial idea of León and his openness

1301:

for the second time, but was defeated at the siege of Aledo and suffered the desertion of many of the rulers of the taifas. When the emir came again to the peninsula, he decided to depose all the taifa rulers and became the sole king of the entire Al-Andalus territory. Thanks to the Muslim defeat in

960:

and confidant of King Sancho II, was present at the siege of Zamora, the role he played in this event is not known. Neither can Sancho II's death be blamed on Alfonso VI, who, when his brother was killed, was in exile far from the events. However, this did nothing to prevent speculation that Alfonso

878:

The historian Alfonso Sánchez Candeira suggests that the reasons leading King Ferdinand I to divide the kingdom (with Alfonso VI inheriting the royal title) are unknown, but the distribution was probably made because the king considered it proper that each son should inherit the region where he had

1793:

According to Jaime de Salazar y Acha, followed by other authors, among them, Gonzalo Martínez Diez, they married in 1100, and with this ceremony their son was legitimised and declared heir of the Kingdoms of León and Castile. For Salazar y Acha, Zaida and the fourth wife of Alfonso VI, Isabel, are

1612:. Finally, he points out that "If such an important event had taken place, it would not make much sense that Alfonso VI immediately married another princess who was a member of Agnes' family". Agnes and the king's next wife, Constance, were cousins in the third degree, both of them descendants of 901:

in which both brothers agreed that the one who was victorious would obtain the kingdom of the defeated brother. Although Sancho II was the winner, Alfonso VI did not comply with the agreement; even so, relations between them remained cordial as evidenced by the fact that Alfonso was present at the

1500:

The tomb that contained the remains of Alfonso VI was destroyed in 1810, during the fire at the Royal Monastery of San Benito. The mortal remains of the king and those of several of his wives were collected and preserved in the abbey chamber until 1821, when the monks were expelled, and were then

1321:

due to the late arrival of the Genoese fleet that was to take part in its capture; further south, Al-Qádir was deposed in a revolt; in the south, his relation with Zaida, daughter-in-law of the king of Seville failed to enhance his image as the champion of the Muslims of the peninsula against the

1317:, entered Seville and sent King al-Mutamid into exile. In the second half of the year, all the southern taifas had been conquered by the Almoravids and Alfonso was not able to fulfill his promise to help the king of Seville. The king suffered setbacks on all fronts: in the east he failed to seize 1595:

Reilly suggests that the marriage had been annulled in 1077, probably because of the lack of children. However, Gambra disagrees and believes that there are no reliable sources to support this assertion. In addition to being implied by Orderic, the alleged repudiation appears only in a volume of

1382:

remains. The same year, he undertook the repopulation of Salamanca, which protected Coria, and Ávila, which defended the mountain pass that was more accessible from Guadarrama, trying to prepare for an eventual loss of Toledo. To protect the area from the east, in 1104 he besieged and conquered

1373:

In 1099, the Almoravids conquered a large number of the castles that defended Toledo and the surrounding areas and, in the following year, they tried unsuccessfully to seize the city. Henry of Burgundy, Alfonso's son-in-law, was in charge of defending Toledo since the king, at that time, was in

1447:

in January 1103 because from that date onwards, Sancho began to confirm royal charters before his brothers-in-law Raymond and Henry of Burgundy. In May 1107, Alfonso imposed the recognition of Sancho as heir, despite the probable opposition of his daughters and sons-in-law, in the course of a

1381:

and ended without a clear winner, although Valencia fell into Almoravid hands regardless because Alfonso decided it was too expensive to defend. Alfonso VI supervised the evacuation of Valencia in March and April and set fire to it before leaving; in May, the Almoravids took possession of the

3142:

Hic habuit quinque uxores legitimas: primam Agnetem; secundam Constanciam reginam, ex qua genuit Urracam reginam, coniugem comitis Raimundi, de qua ipse genuit Sanciam et Adefonsum, regem; tertiam Bertam, Tuscia oriundam; quartam Elisabeth, ex qua genuit Sanciam, coniugem comitis Roderici et

1577:, was signed. At the time, she was barely 10 years old and so it was necessary to wait until she reached age 14 for the official wedding, which took place in late 1073 or early 1074. She appears in royal diplomas until 22 May 1077; from that date, the king appears alone in the documentation. 3191:, where he instead named Harold's fiance as William's daughter, Adelidis. Recent accounts of the complex marital history of Alfonso VI have accepted that he was betrothed to a daughter of William named Agatha, while Douglas dismisses Agatha as a confused reference to known daughter Adeliza. 1120:, and was succeeded by his grandson Al-Qádir, who asked for help from the Leonese monarch to end an uprising against him. Alfonso VI took advantage of this request to besiege Toledo, which finally fell on 25 May 1085. After losing his throne, Al-Qádir was sent by Alfonso VI as king of the 1113:, when Alfonso VI received news that the governor of that stronghold, which belonged to the Taifa of Zaragoza, intended to surrender it to the Leonese king. The king's troops were ambushed when they entered the castle and several of the most important magnates of the kingdom were killed. 3132:"Despite being the eldest son, Sancho received, in terms of territory, the smallest part, a very mutilated Castile, while León —to which the royal title was attached— with the most extensive lands, was assigned to the second of the brothers, Alfonso, as if he was the favorite child". 1492:

The sepulchre that contained the remains of the king, now having disappeared, was supported on alabaster lions, and was a large ark of white marble, eight feet long and four wide and tall, being covered by a smooth black lid. The tomb was usually covered by a silk tapestry, woven in

1438:

Alfonso VI, already old, had to deal with the problem of his succession. Berta had died without giving him an heir at the end of 1099; shortly after, Alfonso married Isabel who gave him two daughters, but no sons. To further complicate the situation, in March 1105 his grandson

1504:

The mortal remains of Alfonso VI are now in the Monastery of the Benedictine nuns of Sahagún, at the foot of the temple, in a smooth stone ark and with a cover of modern marble, and in a nearby sepulchre, equally smooth, lie the remains of several of the king's wives.

1452:

held in León. The situation improved for the king with the death of Raymond of Burgundy in September and the agreement with Urraca so that she remained as sovereign Lady of Galicia, except in the case of remarrying since, in that case, Galicia would pass to her son.

1254:

Alfonso VI asked the Christian kingdoms of Europe to organize a Crusade against the Almoravids, who had recovered almost all the territories he had conquered, with the exception of Toledo, where the king remained strong. To reinforce his position, he reconciled with

976:

to El Cid in marriage as well as the immunity of his patrimony. These events and their consequences would eventually come to be considered historical by many later chroniclers and historians; however, most modern historians deny that such an event ever took place.

1346:

river to Santarém, while the government of Raymond was limited to Galicia. Other scholars, however, have shown that the pact could not have been made before 1103, suggesting instead that Henry's appointment was made in response to the military defeat of 1094.

971:

According to legend, Alfonso VI was forced by El Cid to take an oath denying that he had been involved in his brother's death, thus giving rise to mutual distrust between the two men, despite Alfonso VI's efforts at rapprochement by offering his kinswoman

1963:

with the Roman one. In this respect it is a common legend that Alfonso VI took Mozarabic and Roman breviaries and threw them into the fire. When only the Roman breviary burned, the king threw the Mozarabic one into the fire, thus imposing the Roman rite.

1754:

as a precautionary measure. After becoming a widow, Zaida sought protection at the court of the Leonese king and she and her children converted to Christianity; she was baptized with the name "Isabel" and became the king's concubine. They had one son:

1477:, and was buried in the Royal Monastery of San Benito, thus fulfilling the wishes of the monarch. The mortal remains of the king were deposited in a stone sepulchre, which was placed at the feet of the church of the Royal Monastery, until the reign of 1443:, son of Urraca and Raymond of Burgundy, was born, a possible contender to the throne in detriment to Sancho Alfónsez, the king's son with Zaida. Montenegro thinks that Alfonso VI legitimized Sancho probably coinciding with the meeting of a council in 700:

to make known his testamentary dispositions, under which he decided to distribute his patrimony among his children, a distribution that would not become effective until the death of the monarch in order to prevent any disputes arising after his death:

928:

on 12 January 1072. Although Sancho II's troops were victorious, he decided not to persecute his brother Alfonso, who was imprisoned in Burgos and later transferred to the monastery of Sahagún, where his head was shaved and he was forced to wear a

1421:

came to a 30-year standstill, and the County of Portugal eventually became an independent kingdom. The military situation was also serious since the Almoravids almost immediately seized the entire defensive border of the Tagus valley from

1337:

According to some historians, Alfonso VI later defeated a conspiracy of his sons-in-law Raymond and Henry who had plotted to divide the kingdom at his death. To turn them against each other, he gave Henry and Teresa the government of the

1481:, who deemed it unseemly that his ancestor was buried at the foot of the temple and ordered the tomb to be moved inside and placed in the church's transept, near the tomb of Beatriz, Dowager Lady of Los Cameros and daughter of Infante 1529:(most noble). The wives were, according to the bishop, Agnes, Constance, Berta, Isabel, and Beatrice and the concubines Jimena Muñoz and Zaida. Some chroniclers from north of the Pyrenees report an earlier espousal, to a daughter of 1456:

The death of Sancho in the Battle of Uclés on 29 May 1108 left Alfonso VI without his only male heir. He then chose his eldest legitimate daughter Urraca as his successor, but decided to marry her to his rival and famous warrior King

1040:

in 1076, leaving only minor sons, the local Navarrese nobility divided over the succession to the Navareese crown. Alfonso VI had immediately taken possession of Calahorra and Najera, and also received the support of the nobility of

981:

March 1090. With his two brothers out of the way, Alfonso VI was able to secure the loyalty of both the high clergy and the nobility of his territories with ease; to confirm this, he spent the next two years visiting them.

1867:). Her presence in court was first recorded on 28 April 1095. She died between 17 November 1099, when she confirms a royal diploma for the last time, and 15 January 1100 when the king appears alone in a donation to the 1834:

On 25 November 1093 Alfonso VI contracted a third marriage with Berta, although in a document dated 13 April 1094 she is not mentioned as would have been the custom at that time. For onomastic reasons, the genealogist

1146:

and as a gesture to the important Muslim population of the city, he promised them, in addition to respecting their properties, the right to use the main mosque. This decision was later revoked by the newly appointed

1802:(with my wife Isabel and our son Sancho). This is the only document where Sancho is referred to as "our son", since in others he only appears as the king's son even though Queen Isabel also confirms the charters. 1884:

although this seems to be chronologically impossible. Reilly considers that she was probably of Burgundian origin, although this does not appear in the documentation. Two daughters were born from this union:

681:

As the second son of the king of León and count of Castile, Alfonso would not have been entitled to inherit the throne. At the end of 1063, probably on 22 December, taking advantage of the fact that numerous

1322:

Almoravids; and, finally, in the west, the alliance with the king of Badajoz did not stop the North Africans from conquering this territory. As the price for this alliance, Alfonso VI had obtained

1928:, about three months before the death of the king. According to Bishop Pelagius of Oviedo, once a widow, Beatrice returned to her homeland. Salazar y Acha suggests that she was the daughter of 3227:

The last royal diploma confirmed by Constance is dated 2 September 1093 and she would have died between that date and the following 25 October when the king appears alone in the documentation.

1409:, recently married, elderly and with an old wound that prevented him from riding. Álvar Fáñez, governor of the lands of the Banu Di-l-Nun, was the commander of the army. He was accompanied by 1968:

to European influence had made him aware of the feudal political practices which, in the France of his time, reached their most complete expression. In the conjunction of these two elements,

631: 1461:

in the autumn of 1108. Although the marriage was celebrated at the end of the following year, it did not lead to the expected stability, but to a long civil war that lasted eight years.

1136:

resisted requesting the aid of the rulers of Tortosa and Lérida until he was forced to do so. Their raid of the region failed, and they withdrew under harassment by the troops of Fáñez.

597:, who met the monarch and was present at his death, he died at age 62 after reigning 44 years. This indicates that he was born in the second half of 1047 or in the first half of 1048. 1098:, which consequently also began to pay him taxes. In 1076, the Emir of Zaragoza, who wished to seize Valencia without being disturbed by Alfonso VI, agreed to resume payment of the 961:

was somehow involved in Sancho's murder; despite a paucity of evidence, "minstrels and ballads filled this void with beautiful literary creations devoid of any historical reality".

1132:

owed by the city, which had failed to pay him since the previous year, Alfonso VI besieged Zaragoza in the spring of 1086. In early March, Valencia accepted the rule of Al-Qádir;

1057:, who moved into the remainder of the kingdom. After the two kings reached an accord, Sancho Ramírez was recognized as king of Navarre and Alfonso VI annexed the territories of 3157:

relates that two brothers, Iberian kings, were competitors for the hand of a daughter of William, which led to a dispute between them. Some historians have identified these as

893:

father. The conflicts began after the death of their mother Queen Sancha on 7 November 1067, leading to seven years of war among the three brothers. The first skirmish was the

1401:

In 1108 the troops of the Almoravid Tamim, governor of Córdoba and son of Yusuf ibn Tashfin, attacked Christian territories, but this time the chosen city was not Toledo but

3195:

is non-committal, being open to the possibility that Adeliza was engaged before becoming a nun, but also accepting that Agatha may have been a distinct daughter of William.

1600:

and, according to Gambra, "it is impossible, in the absence of better references, to grant credit to the assertion of Agnes' repudiation". In addition, he indicates that

1588:

of the 12th century, said that the marriage of Agnes and Alfonso VI had been annulled in 1080 for reasons of consanguinity, and that Agnes was remarried in 1109 to Count

1090:, and succeeded in subduing most of the Taifa kingdoms as his tributaries, enforced by the threat of military intervention. In 1074, he probably recovered payment of the 3282:(whom I had from my wife, Infanta Sancha, daughter of the king-emperor Alfonso). Count Rodrigo was already married to his second wife, Estefanía Ermengol in July 1135. 5741: 650: 3237:... sicut eam habuerunt et tenuerunt regine uxores patris mei, scilicet, Berta, Isabel atque Beatrix et sicut ego illam inueni et possedi post dicessum patris mei 1497:, bearing the image of the king crowned and armed, with the representation of the arms of Castile and León on the sides, and a crucifix at the head of the tomb. 1713:(c. 1080 – 8 March 1126), successor of her father in the thrones of León and Castile, who married firstly Raymond of Burgundy and secondly King 1417:

on 29 May 1108 and the Christian troops suffered another defeat. The young Sancho Alfónsez, heir to the throne, was killed in battle. As a consequence, the

6140: 1750:. In March 1091, the Almoravid army besieged the city of Córdoba. Zaida's husband, who died during the siege on 26–27 March, sent his wife and children to 3274:

Along with her husband, Count Rodrigo, they donated to the Monastery of Santa Maria de Piasca their monastery of San Mamés in April 1122, calling herself

1616:. Salazar y Acha concludes that Orderic is in error, and that it was Beatrice, the last wife of Alfonso VI, who as his widow married the Count of Maine. 1306:

by threatening the ruler of the city that he would chop all the trees in the territory of Granada and then went to Seville to subjugate the city again.

1706:

and aunt of Henry of Burgundy. From this union, which lasted until Constance's death in 1093, six children were born, but only one reached adulthood:

529:

invasion that Alfonso would spend the remainder of his reign resisting. The Leonese and Castilian armies suffered decisive defeats in the battles of

1224:. The military and economic pressure on the Taifa kingdoms led the rulers of the Taifas of Seville, Granada, Badajoz, and Almeria to seek help from 5936: 5466:

Elorza, Juan C.; Vaquero, Lourdes; Castillo, Belén; Negro, Marta (1990). Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Bienestar Social (ed.).

5287: 1956:

in the monasteries of Galicia, León and Castile. In the spring of 1073, he made the first concession of a Leonese monastery to the Order of Cluny.

933:. Thanks to the intercession of their sister Urraca, Sancho and Alfonso reached an agreement under which Alfonso VI was able to take refuge in the 5489:(in Spanish). Vol. I. Estudio. León: Centro de Estudios e Investigación «San Isidoro», Caja España y el Archivo Histórico Diocesano de León. 5400:(in Portuguese) (1st ed.). Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela: Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico. 1871:. On 25 January 1100, the king made a donation to the monastery of Sahagún in memory of his deceased wife. There was no issue from this marriage. 1570: 363: 5812: 1920:

Alfonso VI married his fifth wife, Beatrice, probably in the first months of 1108. Both appear together for the first time on 28 May 1108 in

1313:

In June 1090, the Almoravids launched a third attack, deposed the king of Granada, defeated the governor of Córdoba, and after the Battle of

874:, that is, "the patronage and income of all the monasteries belonging to the royal patrimony" on the condition that they remained unmarried. 7177: 3099:

Alfonso was the fourth child and had already been born by April 1043 when his father made a donation and mentions all of his five children.

1473:

on 1 July 1109. The king had come to the city to try to defend it from an imminent Almoravid attack. His body was taken to the locality of

1294:

in the winter of 1087, before withdrawing. That same year, the king crushed a revolt in Galicia aimed at releasing his brother García II.

7023: 6767: 5790:

Montaner Frutos, Alberto (2005). "La mora Zaida, entre historia y leyenda (con una reflexión sobre la técnica historiográfica alfonsí)".

1310:

of Granada had distanced himself definitively from Yusuf ibn Tashfin and Alfonso VI promised to help him in exchange for his submission.

6452: 1924:

and then in two other royal charters: on 1 January 1109 in the Cathedral of León and for the last time on 25 April of the same year in

5296: 5796:(in Spanish). London: Maney Publishing for the MHRA (Publications of the Modern Humanities Research Association). pp. 272–352. 1266:

Even though the crusade did not finally materialize, a large number of foreign knights came to the Iberian Peninsula. They included

7446: 7441: 3185:, Orderic specifically names her as Agatha, "former fiancee of Harold". This conflicts with Orderic's own earlier additions to the 1969: 3181:

both show a daughter of William to have been betrothed to Alfonso "king of Galicia" but to have died before the marriage. In his

1358:

In 1097, there was a fourth Almoravid invasion. Alfonso received the news when he was on his way to Zaragoza to assist his vassal

1259:, who came to Toledo in late 1086 or early 1087. As a consequence of the serious defeat, the Andalusian taifas stopped paying the 993:

tradition, Alfonso VI spent the following fourteen years of his reign expanding his territories through conquests such as that of

7466: 5895: 2935: 1648: 1212:

The conquest of the extensive and strategic Taifa of Toledo, the control of Valencia and the possession of Aledo, which isolated

1109:

One of the initiatives of these years, known as the "Treason of Rueda", ended in failure. It took place in 1083 in the castle of

1662: 1279: 7461: 1690:, with whom he appears for the first time in royal charters on 8 May 1080. She was the childless widow of Count Hugues III of 5865: 5706: 5685: 5666: 5456: 5405: 1585: 905:

With the complicity of Alfonso VI, Sancho II invaded Galicia in 1071, defeating their brother García II who was arrested in

5219: 6058: 593: 2218: 1370:

on 15 August, thus confirming the decline of the reign of Alfonso VI that had begun in 1086 with the defeat at Sagrajas.

1188:

river would serve as the base of operations for the Kingdom of León, from where he could launch more attacks against the

1162:

The occupation of Toledo—which allowed Alfonso VI to incorporate the title of King of Toledo with those he already used (

40: 5760: 2690: 1904: 1656: 691: 654: 419: 7248: 6984: 6611: 6392: 6279: 6206: 6097: 6022: 5974: 5953: 5884: 5801: 5780: 5647: 5532: 5513: 5475: 5332: 3770: 5395: 649:, and the sons were also trained in arms, the "art of running horses in the Spanish usage", and hunting. The cleric 7170: 6231: 1868: 1374:

Valencia inspecting its defenses. El Cid had died the previous year and his widow, Jimena, was governing the city.

1247:. There, on 23 October 1086, they faced the troops of Alfonso VI (who had to abandon the siege of Zaragoza) in the 921:. After eliminating their brother, Alfonso VI and Sancho II titled themselves kings of Galicia and signed a truce. 7211: 6956: 6583: 6332: 6322: 6296: 5506:

Historia de España/ 3, Al-Andalus: musulmanes y cristianos (siglos VIII - XIII), capítulo 4: los nuevos musulmanes

3158: 813: 752: 619: 601:

wrote that Alfonso was 79 when he died, but that would place his birth around 1030, before his parents' marriage.

591:

The year of Alfonso's birth is not recorded in the medieval documentation. According to one of the authors of the

215: 176: 158: 137: 99: 81: 6760: 3218:, but this work, according to Gambra, "does not mention the repudiation or the alleged second marriage of Agnes". 1929: 545:, died, and Valencia was abandoned but Toledo remained part of an expanded realm that he passed to his daughter. 5397:

O Mosteiro de Santo Tirso de 978 a 1588: a silhueta de uma entidade projectada no chao de uma história milenária

1811: 1180:) in 1085 without resistance, probably by capitulation. The incorporation of the territory situated between the 6445: 5844: 5494: 1613: 585: 7372: 7144: 6734: 5260:

Bishko, Charles J. (1971). "Count Henrique of Portugal, Cluny, and the antecedents of the Pacto Sucessório".

2953: 2944: 1864: 1363: 941:, accompanied by his childhood friend, the faithful Pedro Ansúrez and his two brothers Gonzalo and Fernando. 404: 7221: 6966: 6593: 6417: 6358: 297: 268: 7048: 5813:"La crisis sucesoria en las postrimerías del reinado de Alfonso VI de León y Castilla: el partido Borgoñón" 1898: 1852: 1644:), according to Bishop Pelagius of Oviedo. They had two illegitimate daughters born between 1078 and 1080: 1140: 626:, may have been born in 1039–40, followed by Alfonso in 1040–41, and finally the youngest of the siblings, 399: 7451: 7476: 7163: 3143:

Geloiram, quam duxit Rogerius, dux Siciliae; quintam Beatricem, quae mortuo eo, repedavit in patriam suam

1386:, a key location from which the region of Toledo could be attacked from the east along the valley of the 635: 1890: 1377:

In 1102, Alfonso VI sent troops to help Valencia against the Almoravid threat. The battle took place in

7186: 6753: 6406: 5986:"Contribución al reinado de Alfonso VI de Castilla: algunas aclaraciones sobre su política matrimonial" 2270: 1844: 1075: 968:, a set of legendary narrative materials concerning El Cid which began to develop in the 13th century. 573: 232: 6999: 6626: 6166: 5323:

Barton, Simon (2015). "Spain in the Eleventh Century". In David Luscombe, Jonathan Riley–Smith (ed.).

1777: 525:

would greatly expand the territory and influence of the Leonese/Castilian realm, but also provoked an

7471: 7456: 6776: 6438: 6107:

Vajay, Szabolcs de (1986), "Structures de Prouvoir et Reseaux de Familles du VIIIe au XIIe Siecles",

1807: 1574: 1243:

In Seville, the Almoravid army joined the troops of the Taifa kingdoms, and together they marched to

1763: 1746:. In fact, she was his daughter-in-law, married to his son Abu Nasr Al-Fath al-Ma'mun, ruler of the 1718: 1414: 630:, sometime between 1041 and 24 April 1043, the date on which King Ferdinand I, in a donation to the 538: 7273: 7008: 6866: 6635: 6461: 5839:(in Spanish). Toledo: Instituto de Estudios Visigótico-Mozárabes de San Eugenio. pp. 281–290. 5376: 5347: 2962: 1762:(c. 1094 – 29 May 1108), Alfonso VI's only son and heir. His premature death in the 1739: 1666: 1271: 1116:

In 1074, Alfonso VI's vassal and friend Al-Mamun, king of the Taifa of Toledo died of poisoning in

1094:

of Toledo, and the same year, helped by troops of that city, he cut down trees on the lands of the

918: 615: 5247:(in Spanish). Madrid: Instituto Jerónimo Zurita. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. 1444: 622:, must have been born in the second half of 1038 or in 1039. The third child and second daughter, 409: 7288: 7258: 7056: 7028: 6856: 6650: 6516: 6481: 3187: 3165:, and the bride as Sancho's documented wife Alberta, who bears a non-Iberian name. The anonymous 1937: 6989: 6951: 6616: 6306: 5543: 3379: 3162: 2679: 1390:. In 1104, 1105, and 1106, the king made several incursions into Andalusian territory, reaching 1366:. Once again, the Almoravid objective was Toledo, and they defeated the Christian forces at the 832: 718: 627: 148: 7345: 7117: 6913: 6707: 6526: 6491: 5557:""Y sometió a su autoridad todo el reino de los leoneses": formas de ejercicio del poder en la 5468:

El Panteón Real de las Huelgas de Burgos. Los enterramientos de los reyes de León y de Castilla

1998: 1933: 1751: 1652: 1314: 646: 569: 318: 258: 7308: 7206: 7080: 6933: 6670: 6578: 6551: 6010: 5985: 3074: 2253: 2235: 1623:

Epitaph of Jimena Muñoz, Alfonso's mistress and progenitor of the first Portuguese royal line.

1440: 634:, mentions his five children. All of them except Elvira signed a document in the monastery of 559: 444: 71: 7431: 7341: 7293: 7268: 7253: 7231: 7113: 7033: 6905: 6703: 6655: 6496: 6486: 6473: 6125:(in Spanish) (321, March–April). Madrid: Asociación de hidalgos de fuero de España: 337–343. 5930: 5855: 5281: 3174: 2650: 2614: 1687: 1550: 1530: 1307: 1156: 1026: 1010: 367: 6994: 6923: 6621: 6541: 6536: 6506: 5775:(in Spanish). Zaragoza: Caja de Ahorros de la Inmaculada (CAI) – Edelvives. pp. 32–38. 5696: 1331: 1152: 1086:

Muslim kingdoms. Alfonso VI continued their economic exploitation by means of the system of

906: 7436: 7326: 7283: 7278: 7098: 7018: 7013: 6788: 6688: 6645: 6640: 5717: 5307: 3752: 2632: 2007: 1695: 1670: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1169: 1148: 1037: 577: 6928: 6546: 6511: 2028: 1619: 1021:, ruler of the Taifa of Toledo, Alfonso waged an offensive against the Zirid ruler of the 771:, "the most extensive, valuable and emblematic part: the one that contained the cities of 581: 8: 7392: 7382: 7354: 7336: 7316: 7126: 7108: 7088: 6871: 6716: 6698: 6678: 6422: 3192: 3154: 2909: 2891: 1782: 1714: 1458: 1427: 1367: 1298: 1267: 1233: 925: 534: 272: 6918: 6531: 6521: 6250: 6109:

Genealogica & Heraldica: Actas de 17o Congresso das Ciencias Genealogica e Heraldica

1747: 1691: 1189: 1125: 7387: 7377: 7331: 7263: 7190: 7103: 7066: 6780: 6693: 5609: 5447:

Estepa Díez, Carlos; Fernández González, Etelvina; Rivera Blanco, Javier, eds. (2012).

3258: 2209: 1949: 1908: 1881: 1772: 1514: 1339: 1248: 1018: 989:

Now established on the Leonese throne, and with the title of "Emperor", a relic of the

938: 894: 836: 817: 669:, the son of Ansur Díaz and nephew of Count Gómez Díaz de Saldaña (both members of the 598: 530: 493: 489: 349: 197: 124: 120: 7198: 6943: 6570: 6501: 6465: 6092:(in Spanish). Salamanca: Junta de Castilla y León, Consejería de educación y cultura. 5622: 3751:

Peña Pérez, F. Javier (2003). "Los monjes de San Pedro de Cardeña y el mito del Cid".

3039: 1759: 1549:

Several northern sources report that Alfonso was affianced to Agatha, the daughter of

1410: 1263:. The Cid, however, succeeded in re-subjugating the rebel Taifas over next two years. 768: 542: 485: 434: 414: 322: 53: 7410: 7364: 7350: 7321: 7136: 7122: 7093: 6726: 6712: 6683: 6202: 6195: 6172: 6126: 6093: 6054: 6028: 6018: 5997: 5970: 5949: 5880: 5861: 5840: 5823: 5797: 5776: 5752: 5728: 5702: 5681: 5662: 5643: 5613: 5578: 5528: 5509: 5490: 5471: 5452: 5449:

Alfonso VI y su legado. Actas del Congreso Internacional. IX Centenario de Alfonso VI

5435: 5401: 5351: 5328: 5311: 5248: 3766: 3206: 1921: 1836: 1287: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1121: 825: 709: 522: 383: 338: 279: 16:

King of León (1065 to 1109), of Castile (1072 to 1109), and of Galicia (1071 to 1109)

6017:(in Spanish) (321, March–April). Madrid: Asociación de hidalgos de fuero de España. 5749:

Toletum: Boletín de la Real Academia de Bellas Artes y Ciencias Históricas de Toledo

2900: 2605: 2244: 1710: 1290:

dynasties in the peninsular kingdoms. Some of the crusaders unsuccessfully besieged

1275: 1117: 1110: 1103: 1054: 1030: 454: 225: 186: 109: 7402: 7298: 7038: 6660: 6145: 6078: 5918: 5910: 5599: 5568: 5427: 5380: 5297:"On the origins of crusading in the peninsula: the reign of Alfonso VI (1065–1109)" 5269: 5231: 2922: 2623: 1925: 1860: 1743: 1735: 1674: 1589: 1558: 1538: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1095: 1022: 914: 863: 856: 852: 796: 662: 611: 606: 373: 193: 116: 7003: 6630: 6157: 1522: 1387: 1232:

Emir who ruled the Maghreb. At the end of July 1086, Almoravid troops crossed the

666: 661:("our master, a noble man who fears God"). Alfonso probably spent long periods in 49: 6348: 6344: 6313: 6235: 3178: 3170: 1953: 1856: 1848: 1817:

On 27 March 1106, Alfonso VI confirmed a donation to the monastery of Lorenzana:

1698:

and his first wife, Hélie de Semur-en-Brionnais, and great-granddaughter of King

1581: 1554: 1534: 1291: 1181: 957: 934: 898: 806: 6339: 6286: 5385: 5364: 2670: 1633: 6561: 6375: 6368: 5835:

Palencia, Clemente (1988). "Historia y leyendas de las mujeres de Alfonso VI".

4764: 2641: 1960: 1840: 1669:; they received the right to rule the County of Portugal and their eldest son, 1155:, who took advantage of the king's absence from Toledo and with the support of 867: 784: 623: 510: 5793:

Historicist Essays on Hispano-Medieval Narrative. In Memory of Roger M. Walker

5596:

E-Spania. Revue interdisciplinaire d'études hispaniques médievales et modernes

5565:

E-Spania. Revue interdisciplinaire d'études hispaniques médievales et modernes

3248:

Salazar y Acha only mentions that the wedding took place before 28 April 1095.

973: 776: 687: 7425: 7072: 6149: 6130: 6032: 6001: 5914: 5827: 5756: 5732: 5582: 5439: 5355: 5342:

Canal Sánchez-Pagín, José María (1991). "Jimena Muñoz, amiga de Alfonso VI".

5315: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3280:

qua abuit de mea mulier infante domna Sanchia, filia regi imperatori Adefonsi

2286: 1703: 1470: 1359: 1343: 1173: 945:

to control the fortress of Zamora, "key to the future expansion south of the

840: 792: 704: 695: 653:

was in charge of Alfonso's early education. Once king, Alfonso appointed him

500: 334: 5327:. Vol. 4, c.1024–c. 1198, Part II. Madrid: Cambridge University Press. 5273: 5252: 5235: 3278:. On 10 May 1125, Count Rodrigo appears, without Sancha, with his daughters 670: 618:, so her birth could be placed in 1033–34. The second child and eldest son, 6176: 5604: 5573: 1651:(c. 1079 – aft. April 1157), who was married first to Count 1601: 5964: 5446: 3320: 1738:

as one of the king's two concubines and says that she was the daughter of

1717:. She also had two illegitimate children from her relationship with Count 1632:

After the death of Agnes, the king had an extra-marital relationship with

5922: 5411: 1722: 1244: 6896: 6228: 5718:"Alfonso VI / Gregorio VII. Soberanía imperial frente a soberanía papal" 1004: 352:, San Mancio chapel in the royal monastery of Santos Facundo y Primitivo 6851: 6841: 6171:. Vol. III. Translated by Thomas Forester. London: Henry G. Bohn. 5996:. Madrid: Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía: 301–336. 1699: 1383: 1217: 997:

and the lands of the Banu Di-l-Nun family. In 1072 he entitled himself

990: 964:

The lingering suspicion over this event would later become part of the

673:

lineage), he learned the art of war and what was expected of a knight.

30: 7155: 6745: 5877:

Monarquía y monacato en la Edad Media peninsular: Alfonso VI y Sahagún

5183: 3109:

Rege domno Adefonso, qui regebat Castella et Legione et tota Gallecia,

1894: 1609: 1474: 1406: 7240: 6976: 6836: 6826: 6603: 4853: 4851: 4836: 3169:

of Count Simon of Crépy instead makes the competitors Alfonso VI and

1237: 1070: 788: 526: 6201:. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. 5822:(in Spanish). XII, tome 3. Estudios de Historia de España: 369–388. 4640: 4638: 4636: 4606: 4516: 1889:

Sancha (c. 1102 – before 10 May 1125), first wife of

1790:

indicate that Zaida was a concubine and not the wife of Alfonso VI.

1391: 1133: 568:

with Navarrese and Castilian blood". His paternal grandparents were

6846: 6796: 6430: 6118: 5791: 5591: 5556: 4812: 4800: 3263:

Regnante rex Adefonsus in Toleto et coniuge sua de genere francorum

1822:

eiusdemque Helisabeth regina sub maritali copula legaliter aderente

1494: 1423: 1395: 1283: 1066: 1050: 930: 844: 780: 5220:"La pacte succesoral entre Raymond de Galice et Henri de Portugal" 5076: 4938: 4875: 4848: 4740: 4474: 4472: 4470: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4422: 3857: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3487: 3485: 3483: 1430:

and there were uprisings of the Muslim population in this region.

1402: 1342:, until then ruled by Raymond, which comprised the lands from the 1058: 1046: 994: 6886: 6861: 6816: 6806: 6801: 5365:"El conde Gómez González de Candespina: su historia y su familia" 5158: 5156: 5154: 4904: 4902: 4682: 4680: 4633: 4540: 4356: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3298: 1806:

The hypothesis that Alfonso VI had married Zaida was rejected by

1378: 1318: 683: 564: 429: 6193:

Solsten, Eric; Keefe, Eugene K. (1993). Luis R. Mortimer (ed.).

6051:

Castilla y León en el siglo X, estudio del reinado de Fernando I

4955: 4953: 4623: 4621: 4557: 4555: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4197: 3924: 3912: 1350: 1302:

Aledo, Alfonso VI had been able to resume the collection of the

610:, the eldest child of Ferdinand I and Sancha, a daughter called 6881: 6876: 6831: 6821: 6811: 6087: 5990:

Anales de la Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía

4989: 4977: 4965: 4776: 4770: 4467: 4419: 3593: 3533: 3509: 3480: 3468: 3432: 1665:(c. 1080 – 11 November 1130), who married Count 1327: 1323: 1256: 1213: 1177: 1062: 1042: 953: 910: 839:, "elevated to the rank of kingdom" that extended south to the 801: 772: 518: 6042:

La rebelión de los burgos: crisis de estado y coyuntura social

5854:

Pallares Méndez, María del Carmen; Portela, Ermelindo (2006).

5151: 5100: 5052: 5001: 4899: 4887: 4824: 4788: 4692: 4677: 4650: 4145: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4020: 3995: 3993: 3811: 3809: 3779: 3734: 3732: 3707: 3705: 3690: 3651: 3649: 3622: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3550: 3521: 3295: 1580:

Agnes is said to have died on 6 June 1078, On the other hand,

6049:

Sánchez Candeira, Alfonso (1999). Rosa Montero Tejada (ed.).

5966:

The Kingdom of León-Castilla under King Alfonso VI, 1065–1109

5195: 4950: 4863: 4752: 4667: 4665: 4618: 4552: 4450: 4438: 3765:. Logroño: Instituto de Estudios Riojanos. pp. 340–343. 3444: 3405: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3344: 3342: 1948:

In the cultural field, Alfonso VI promoted the safety of the

1795: 1185: 1128:. To facilitate this operation and to recover payment of the 1083: 946: 514: 4594: 4567: 4380: 3497: 1282:(1094), respectively, which led to the establishment of the 779:, cradles of the Asturian-Leonese monarchy", which included 6224:

IX Centenary of Leon-Castilla's King Alfonso VI (1109–2009)

6119:"Reflexiones en torno a Berta, tercera mujer de Alfonso VI" 6088:

Torres Sevilla-Quiñones de León, Margarita Cecilia (1999).

4133: 4051: 4017: 3990: 3821: 3806: 3729: 3717: 3702: 3678: 3646: 3610: 3574: 3562: 3456: 1082:

His great territorial expansion came at the expense of the

6223: 5725:

Argutorio: Revista de la Asociación Cultural "Monte Irago"

5567:(in Spanish) (10 (December)). Paris: Sorbonne Université. 5465: 5379:; Instituto de Historia Medieval de España; CSCIC: 37–68. 5350:; Instituto de Historia Medieval de España; CSCIC: 11–40. 5139: 5040: 4914: 4704: 4662: 4528: 4309: 4307: 4305: 3965: 3963: 3388: 3339: 3333: 3257:

In 1096, both confirm a sale made by Ero Rodríguez to the

1780:, Zaida is counted among the wives of Alfonso VI, but the 1413:, the king's only son and heir. The armies clashed in the 1165:

victoriosissimo rege in Toleto, et in Hispania et Gallecia

887: 506:

victoriosissimo rege in Toleto, et in Hispania et Gallecia

5680:(in Portuguese) (2nd ed.). Lisboa: Temas e Debates. 5173: 5171: 5117: 5115: 5028: 5018: 5016: 4368: 4221: 4005: 1907:(c. 1103 – 8 February 1135), wife of King 1721:. She was succeeded by her son with Raymond of Burgundy, 6168:

The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy, 1619

5874: 4584: 4582: 4506: 4504: 4209: 3634: 4491: 4489: 4487: 4409: 4407: 4392: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4319: 4302: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4271: 4269: 4254: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4187: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4123: 4121: 4106: 4094: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4066: 4041: 4039: 3980: 3978: 3960: 3936: 3900: 3888: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3796: 3794: 3422: 3420: 1139:

After this important conquest, Alfonso VI was entitled

641:

All the children of King Ferdinand I, according to the

6090:

Linajes nobiliarios de León y Castilla: Siglos IX-XIII

5875:

Pérez Gil, Javier; Sánchez Badiola, Juan José (2002).

5853: 5168: 5127: 5112: 5013: 4926: 4842: 4728: 4716: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3210:, vol. II, pp. 307–308 by Alfred Richard who, besides 1897:, with whom she had Elvira Rodríguez de Lara, wife of 690:, capital of the kingdom, for the consecration of the 584:(after whom he was probably named) and his first wife 5860:(in Spanish). San Sebastián: Nerea, Seria media, 21. 5432:

William the Conqueror: The Norman Impact upon England

5088: 5064: 4579: 4501: 1485:

who had been executed by orders of his brother, King

6123:

Hidalguía. La revista de genealogía, nobleza y armas

6053:(in Spanish). Madrid: Real Academia de la Historia. 6015:

Hidalguía. La revista de genealogía, nobleza y armas

5946:

The Contest of Christian and Muslim Spain: 1031-1157

5837:

Estudios sobre Alfonso VI y la Reconquista de Toledo

4484: 4404: 4331: 4281: 4266: 4233: 4174: 4157: 4118: 4063: 4036: 3975: 3948: 3869: 3833: 3791: 3417: 3354: 984: 5362: 5341: 4522: 3845: 3661: 562:and his wife, Queen Sancha, Alfonso was a "Leonese 6194: 3381:Heráldica general y fuentes de las armas de España 1207: 6039: 5715: 5694: 5661:(in Spanish). Barcelona: Editorial Planeta, S.A. 5640:Alfonso VI: Señor del Cid, conquistador de Toledo 5525:Roger II of Sicily: A Ruler Between East and West 3863: 3438: 1525:"), Alfonso VI had five wives and two concubines 7423: 6048: 5896:"Jimena Muñiz, madre de Doña Teresa de Portugal" 5393: 3754:Memoria, mito y realidad en la historia medieval 3604: 3544: 3515: 3491: 3474: 3377: 3314: 541:, in the latter of which his only son and heir, 389: 358: 5893: 5789: 5770: 4995: 4983: 4971: 4818: 4806: 4782: 3930: 6008: 5983: 5189: 5162: 5106: 5082: 5058: 5007: 4944: 4908: 4893: 4881: 4857: 4830: 4794: 4746: 4698: 4686: 4656: 4644: 4627: 4612: 4561: 4546: 4478: 4461: 4444: 3450: 1508: 560:Ferdinand I, King of León and Count of Castile 35:13th century miniature of Alfonso VI from the 7171: 6761: 6446: 6072:(in Portuguese). Porto: Universidade Moderna. 5820:Estudios de Historia de España (Buenos Aires) 5739: 5656: 5637: 5541: 5308:Universitat de Lleida. Servei de Publicacions 5201: 4869: 4758: 4386: 4203: 4151: 4139: 4057: 4030: 3999: 3918: 3815: 3785: 3738: 3723: 3711: 3696: 3684: 3655: 3628: 3616: 3587: 3568: 3556: 3527: 3503: 3462: 3411: 3399: 3348: 1800:cum uxore mea Elisabet et filio nostro Sancio 1354:Signature of Alfonso VI, from a 1097 charter. 6192: 6144:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 5935:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of June 2024 ( 5592:"Hilando un reino. Alfonso VI y las mujeres" 5286:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of June 2024 ( 5242: 4432: 3759:Memory, Myth and Reality in Medieval History 1766:so grieved his father that he too soon died. 659:magistro nostro, viro nobile et Deum timenti 5554: 3827: 3123:as 72, which would place his birth in 1037. 1820: 1702:of France. She was also the niece of Abbot 1163: 504: 7178: 7164: 6768: 6754: 6453: 6439: 5810: 5550:(in Spanish). Vol. 3. pp. 41–55. 5470:(in Spanish). Publisher Evergráficas S.A. 4710: 4671: 4374: 4362: 3750: 676: 472: – 1 July 1109), nicknamed 6138:van Houts, Elisabeth (2004). "Adelida ". 6137: 6070:A Herança Genética de D. Afonso Henriques 5969:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 5879:(in Spanish). León: Universidad de León. 5642:(in Spanish). Madrid: Temas de Hoy, S.A. 5603: 5572: 5548:Miscelánea de estudios árabes y hebraicos 5384: 4510: 3373: 3371: 3369: 1972:sees the explanation of the grant of the 1608:, indicates that the Queen was buried in 1544: 879:been educated and spent his early years. 820:, created by his father for him, and the 6067: 5834: 5527:. New York: Cambridge University Press. 5503: 5487:Alfonso VI. Cancillería, curia e imperio 5451:(in Spanish). León: Diputación de León. 5363:Canal Sánchez-Pagín, José María (2003). 4313: 3969: 3906: 1681: 1618: 1349: 1003: 703: 553: 517:and Galicia). This conquest, along with 7185: 6775: 6164: 6141:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 6076: 6068:São Payo, Luiz de Mello Vaz de (2002). 5742:"La Conquista de Toledo por Alfonso VI" 5675: 5620: 5426: 4722: 4573: 4534: 3851: 3360: 1839:suggested that she was a member of the 1220:, worried the Muslim sovereigns of the 1172:and fortresses including the castle of 1053:, while the eastern nobility supported 888:Consolidation of the throne (1065–1072) 761: Zaragoza, owing tribute to Sancho 614:, was born when her parents were still 7424: 5962: 5943: 5716:Mínguez Fernández, José María (2009). 5695:Mínguez Fernández, José María (2000). 5589: 5522: 5484: 5322: 5259: 5177: 5145: 5133: 5121: 5094: 5070: 5046: 5022: 4959: 4932: 4920: 4734: 4600: 4588: 4495: 4413: 4398: 4350: 4325: 4296: 4275: 4260: 4248: 4227: 4191: 4168: 4127: 4112: 4100: 4088: 4045: 4011: 3984: 3954: 3942: 3894: 3882: 3800: 3672: 3426: 3366: 1686:At the end of 1079 Alfonso VI married 1297:In 1088 Yusuf ibn Tashfin crossed the 1168:)—led to the taking of cities such as 745: Toledo, owing tribute to Alfonso 733: Seville, owing tribute to Garcia 727: Badajoz, owing tribute to Garcia 7159: 6749: 6434: 6116: 6106: 5294: 5245:Sepulcros de la Casa Real de Castilla 5217: 5034: 4215: 3839: 3640: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3016: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3008: 3006: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2968: 2961: 2952: 2950: 2943: 2934: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2908: 2899: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2808: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2772: 2766: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2710: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2678: 2676: 2669: 2658: 2649: 2647: 2640: 2638: 2631: 2629: 2622: 2620: 2613: 2611: 2604: 2536: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2442: 2396: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2304: 2285: 2283: 2278: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2252: 2250: 2243: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2217: 2215: 2208: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2116: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2068: 2056: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2027: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2006: 1997: 1990: 1564: 1274:, who married Alfonso VI's daughters 580:, and his maternal grandparents were 6460: 5508:(in Spanish). Planeta. p. 591. 5394:Carvalho Correia, Francisco (2008). 4771:Torres Sevilla-Quiñones de León 1999 1640:) concubine "derived from royalty" ( 1433: 708:Political situation in the Northern 503:in 1085, Alfonso proclaimed himself 5727:(in Spanish) (year 13, number 23). 1869:Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela 1734:Bishop Pelagius of Oviedo mentions 1517:, contemporary of the king, in his 1464: 1029:, taking the strategic fortress of 937:under the protection of his vassal 41:Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela 13: 6185: 5701:(in Spanish). Hondarribia: Nerea. 5434:. London: Eyre & Spottiswood. 5325:The New Cambridge Medieval History 5243:Arco y Garay, Ricardo del (1954). 4843:Pallares Méndez & Portela 2006 3384:(in Spanish). Salvat. p. 344. 3378:Vicente Cascante, Ignacio (1956). 14: 7488: 6217: 6009:Salazar y Acha, Jaime de (2007). 5984:Salazar y Acha, Jaime de (1993). 5894:Quintana Prieto, Augusto (1969). 5771:Montaner Frutos, Alberto (1998). 5561:o cómo Alfonso VI llegó al trono" 3119:Some sources give the age in the 1980:became King Alfonso VII of León. 985:Territorial expansion (1072–1086) 739: Alfonso VI's domains (León) 632:Abbey of San Andrés de Espinareda 315: 1040 – 1041 7230: 6895: 6560: 5542:Huici Miranda, Ambrosio (1954). 3268: 3259:Monastery of San Martín de Xubia 3251: 3242: 3230: 3221: 1394:in 1106, and returned with many 1144:("Emperor of the Two Religions") 1073:, adopting in 1077 the title of 835:, received the entire region of 29: 7447:12th-century Castilian monarchs 7442:11th-century Castilian monarchs 6246:Alfonso VI of León and Castile 5948:. Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell. 5657:Martínez Díez, Gonzalo (2007). 5638:Martínez Díez, Gonzalo (2003). 5210: 3744: 3204:Reilly bases his assumption on 3198: 3148: 3135: 3126: 3113: 1930:William VIII, Duke of Aquitaine 1776:, by the Archbishop of Toledo, 1627: 1459:Alfonso I of Aragon and Navarre 1362:in his confrontation with King 1208:Almoravid invasions (1086–1109) 1176:. He also occupied Mayrit (now 1036:Following the assassination of 7467:11th-century Galician monarchs 6040:Salvador Martínez, H. (1992). 6011:"De nuevo sobre la mora Zaida" 5903:Revista Portuguesa de História 5555:Luis Corral, Fernando (2012). 5369:Anuario de Estudios Medievales 5346:(in Spanish) (21). Barcelona: 5344:Anuario de Estudios Medievales 5262:Revista Portuguesa de Historia 3207:Histoire des comptes de Poitou 3102: 3093: 1983: 1614:William III, Duke of Aquitaine 1398:, who settled in his kingdom. 924:The truce was broken with the 594:Anonymous Chronicle of Sahagún 1: 7462:11th-century Leonese monarchs 6111:(in French), pp. 275–315 3289: 3276:prolis filia regis Adephonsus 1865:Peter I of Aragon and Navarre 1657:Fernando Fernández de Carrión 1364:Peter I of Aragon and Navarre 616:Count and Countess of Castile 466: 405:Theresa, Countess of Portugal 311: 7049:Portuguese House of Burgundy 6158:UK public library membership 5740:Miranda Calvo, José (1976). 5304:Imago Temporis. Medium Aevum 1899:Ermengol VI, Count of Urgell 1859:and first-cousin of another 1853:Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor 1569:In 1069, the betrothal with 1519:Chronicon regum Legionensium 400:Elvira, Countess of Toulouse 7: 6229:Alfonso VI on a Manuscript: 6165:Vitalis, Ordericus (1854). 5963:Reilly, Bernard F. (1989). 5944:Reilly, Bernard F. (1992). 5751:(in Spanish) (7): 101–151. 5625:. Real Academia de Historia 5386:10.3989/aem.2003.v33.i1.197 3212:L'Art de vérifier les dates 1915: 1598:L'art de vérifier les dates 1509:Wives, concubines and issue 1142:al-Imbraţūr dhī-l-Millatayn 913:until he was exiled to the 636:San Juan Bautista de Corias 10: 7493: 5811:Montenegro, Julia (2010). 3216:Chronique de Saint Maixent 1855:), great-granddaughter of 1079:("Emperor of all Spain"). 1076:Imperator totius Hispaniae 1017:In 1074, in alliance with 7401: 7363: 7307: 7239: 7228: 7197: 7135: 7079: 7065: 7047: 6975: 6942: 6904: 6893: 6787: 6725: 6669: 6602: 6569: 6558: 6472: 6414: 6397: 6384: 6373: 6365: 6355: 6337: 6329: 6311: 6303: 6293: 6284: 6276: 6271: 6244: 6197:Portugal: a Country Study 6080:Becerro gótico de Cardeña 6077:Serrano, Luciano (1910). 5917:(inactive 22 June 2024). 5504:Guichard, Pierre (1989). 5295:Ayala, Carlos de (2013). 3020: 3018: 2986: 2984: 2972: 2959: 2941: 2932: 2928: 2906: 2897: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2806: 2804: 2796: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2770: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2730: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2702: 2667: 2665: 2656: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2534: 2532: 2522: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2470: 2468: 2456: 2454: 2446: 2444: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2394: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2356: 2340: 2338: 2318: 2316: 2308: 2306: 2276: 2241: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2158: 2150: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2114: 2110: 2104: 2092: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2074: 2066: 2062: 2004: 1995: 1961:Mozarabic or Toledan rite 1959:The monarch replaced the 1943: 1936:, and that she remarried 1874: 1575:William VIII of Aquitaine 917:, then under the rule of 694:, Ferdinand I summoned a 450: 440: 428: 382: 357: 344: 328: 307: 303: 293: 285: 278: 264: 254: 246: 238: 231: 221: 211: 203: 192: 182: 172: 164: 154: 144: 130: 115: 105: 95: 87: 77: 67: 59: 48: 28: 23: 6117:Vajay, Szabolcs (2007). 5915:10.14195/0870-4147_12_11 5377:Universidad de Barcelona 5348:Universidad de Barcelona 5276:(inactive 22 June 2024). 4523:Canal Sánchez-Pagín 1991 3086: 2894:of Pamplona & Aragon 2608:of Pamplona & Aragon 1970:Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz 1891:Rodrigo González de Lara 1829: 1729: 1124:under the protection of 1102:. In 1079, he conquered 1055:Sancho Ramírez of Aragon 882: 7057:Ferdinand I of Portugal 5590:Martin, George (2010). 5523:Houben, Hubert (2002). 5485:Gambra, Andrés (1997). 5274:10.14195/0870-4147_13_8 5236:10.3406/hispa.1948.3146 5192:, pp. 329 and 333. 4365:, pp. 377 and 383. 3188:Gesta Normannorum Ducum 2219:García Sánchez III 1938:Elias I, Count of Maine 1778:Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada 692:Basílica of San Isidoro 677:Ascension to the throne 657:and referred to him as 645:, were educated in the 548: 420:Elvira, Queen of Sicily 376:(possibly his mistress) 5676:Mattoso, José (2014). 5605:10.4000/e-spania.20134 5574:10.4000/e-spania.21696 5218:David, Pierre (1948). 3864:Mínguez Fernández 2009 3439:Salvador Martínez 1992 3183:Historia Ecclesiastica 1934:Hildegarde of Burgundy 1821: 1719:Pedro González de Lara 1653:Raymond IV of Toulouse 1624: 1545:Agatha of Normandy (?) 1355: 1164: 1014: 767:Alfonso inherited the 763: 505: 499:After the conquest of 6906:Astur-Leonese dynasty 6400:— TITULAR — 6083:. Valladolid: Cuesta. 4962:, p. 475, n.153. 4615:, p. 318, n. 65. 4603:, p. 451, n. 62. 3605:Sánchez Candeira 1999 3545:Sánchez Candeira 1999 3516:Sánchez Candeira 1999 3492:Sánchez Candeira 1999 3475:Sánchez Candeira 1999 3315:Sánchez Candeira 1999 3214:, also refers to the 3175:William of Malmesbury 2662:of León & Castile 2238:of Castile & León 1740:Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad 1694:and daughter of Duke 1688:Constance of Burgundy 1682:Constance of Burgundy 1622: 1551:William the Conqueror 1531:William the Conqueror 1445:Carrión de los Condes 1353: 1308:Abdallah ibn Buluggin 1011:Libro de las Estampas 1007: 954:Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar 919:Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad 831:His younger brother, 707: 554:Birth and early years 410:Urraca, Queen of León 368:Constance of Burgundy 6407:Emperor of All Spain 6234:20 June 2013 at the 6150:10.1093/ref:odnb/164 5621:Martín Duke, Ángel. 4996:Montaner Frutos 2005 4984:Montaner Frutos 2005 4972:Montaner Frutos 2005 4819:Montaner Frutos 2005 4807:Montaner Frutos 2005 4783:Montaner Frutos 2005 4576:, p. 276, no.5. 3931:Montaner Frutos 1998 3163:García II of Galicia 3159:Sancho II of Castile 3121:Chronicle of Sahagún 1843:, daughter of Count 1696:Robert I of Burgundy 1513:According to Bishop 1483:Frederick of Castile 1405:. Alfonso VI was in 1149:archbishop of Toledo 1038:Sancho IV of Navarre 870:, both received the 755:´s domains (Castile) 721:´s domains (Galicia) 665:, where, along with 578:Muniadona of Castile 233:Emperor of All Spain 7309:House of Trastámara 7081:House of Trastámara 6671:House of Trastámara 6474:Astur-Leonese house 6423:Alfonso the Battler 6266:19 June/1 July 1109 5678:D. Afonso Henriques 5598:(in Spanish) (10). 5544:"El sitio de Aledo" 5224:Bulletin Hispanique 5190:Salazar y Acha 1993 5163:Salazar y Acha 1993 5148:, pp. 322–323. 5107:Salazar y Acha 2007 5085:, pp. 322–323. 5083:Salazar y Acha 1993 5059:Salazar y Acha 1993 5049:, pp. 471–472. 5037:, pp. 341–342. 5008:Salazar y Acha 1993 4947:, pp. 324–325. 4945:Salazar y Acha 1993 4923:, pp. 364–365. 4909:Salazar y Acha 2007 4894:Salazar y Acha 1993 4884:, pp. 323–324. 4882:Salazar y Acha 1993 4860:, pp. 323–325. 4858:Salazar y Acha 1993 4831:Salazar y Acha 1993 4821:, pp. 298–299. 4809:, pp. 296–297. 4795:Salazar y Acha 1993 4749:, pp. 316–317. 4747:Salazar y Acha 1993 4699:Salazar y Acha 1993 4687:Salazar y Acha 1993 4657:Salazar y Acha 1993 4647:, pp. 310–311. 4645:Salazar y Acha 1993 4628:Salazar y Acha 1993 4613:Salazar y Acha 1993 4562:Salazar y Acha 1993 4549:, pp. 308–309. 4547:Salazar y Acha 1993 4537:, pp. 393–395. 4479:Salazar y Acha 1993 4462:Salazar y Acha 1993 4445:Salazar y Acha 1993 4435:, pp. 193–195. 4230:, pp. 155–188. 4218:, pp. 275–276. 4206:, pp. 170–171. 4014:, pp. 88, 110. 3921:, pp. 134–137. 3643:, pp. 229–230. 3451:Salazar y Acha 1993 3193:Elisabeth van Houts 3155:William of Poitiers 1932:and his third wife 1845:Amadeus II of Savoy 1783:Chronica Naierensis 1715:Alfonso I of Aragon 1673:, became the first 1573:, daughter of Duke 1521:("Chronicle of the 1469:Alfonso VI died in 1368:Battle of Consuegra 1299:Strait of Gibraltar 1234:Strait of Gibraltar 926:Battle of Golpejera 812:His elder brother, 445:Ferdinand I of León 7477:Emperors in Europe 7067:House of Lancaster 6389:Title last held by 5623:"Sancho IV Garcés" 5202:Martínez Díez 2003 4870:Martínez Díez 2003 4759:Martínez Díez 2003 4387:Martínez Díez 2003 4204:Martínez Díez 2003 4152:Huici Miranda 1954 4140:Huici Miranda 1954 4058:Huici Miranda 1954 4031:Huici Miranda 1954 4000:Huici Miranda 1954 3919:Martínez Díez 2007 3816:Martínez Díez 2003 3786:Martínez Díez 2003 3739:Martínez Díez 2003 3724:Martínez Díez 2003 3712:Martínez Díez 2003 3697:Martínez Díez 2003 3685:Martínez Díez 2003 3656:Martínez Díez 2003 3629:Martínez Díez 2003 3617:Martínez Díez 2003 3588:Martínez Díez 2003 3569:Martínez Díez 2003 3557:Martínez Díez 2003 3528:Martínez Díez 2003 3504:Miranda Calvo 1976 3463:Martínez Díez 2003 3412:Martínez Díez 2003 3400:Martínez Díez 2003 3349:Martínez Díez 2003 3334:Elorza et al. 1990 1950:Camino de Santiago 1909:Roger II of Sicily 1863:(who married King 1773:De rebus Hispaniae 1655:and then to Count 1625: 1586:English chronicler 1565:Agnes of Aquitaine 1515:Pelagius of Oviedo 1487:Alfonso X the Wise 1356: 1340:County of Portugal 1249:Battle of Sagrajas 1153:Bernard of Sédirac 1015: 966:Leyenda de Cardeña 909:and imprisoned in 895:Battle of Llantada 818:Kingdom of Castile 764: 655:Bishop of Palencia 638:on 26 April 1046. 599:Pelagius of Oviedo 364:Agnes of Aquitaine 7419: 7418: 7365:House of Habsburg 7241:House of Burgundy 7153: 7152: 7137:House of Habsburg 6977:House of Burgundy 6743: 6742: 6727:House of Habsburg 6604:House of Burgundy 6429: 6428: 6415:Succeeded by 6402: 6356:Succeeded by 6294:Succeeded by 6156:(Subscription or 5867:978-84-96431-18-8 5708:978-84-89569-47-8 5687:978-972-759-911-0 5668:978-84-08-07165-5 5458:978-84-89410-22-0 5428:Douglas, David C. 5407:978-84-9887-038-1 4525:, pp. 12–14. 4481:, pp. 307–8. 4433:Arco y Garay 1954 4401:, pp. 96–97. 4328:, pp. 95–96. 4263:, pp. 94–95. 4154:, pp. 45–46. 4115:, pp. 90–91. 4103:, pp. 89–90. 3945:, pp. 86–87. 3933:, pp. 32–38. 3897:, pp. 74–75. 3866:, pp. 30–33. 3788:, pp. 47–48. 3699:, pp. 40–41. 3631:, pp. 36–37. 3559:, pp. 31–33. 3530:, pp. 30–33. 3414:, pp. 20–25. 3336:, pp. 54–55. 3084: 3083: 1952:and promoted the 1922:Astorga Cathedral 1837:Szabolcs de Vajay 1770:In the chronicle 1752:Almodóvar del Río 1667:Henry of Portugal 1441:Alfonso Raimúndez 1434:Succession crisis 1315:Almodóvar del Río 1272:Henry of Burgundy 1226:Yusuf ibn Tashfin 1222:Iberian Peninsula 1216:from the rest of 1190:Taifas of Cordoba 1122:Taifa of Valencia 826:Taifa of Zaragoza 710:Iberian Peninsula 604:According to the 582:Alfonso V of León 570:Sancho Garcés III 509:(most victorious 492:(1071–1109), and 460: 459: 339:Kingdom of Toledo 7484: 7472:Sons of emperors 7457:Leonese infantes 7452:House of Jiménez 7403:House of Bourbon 7234: 7199:House of Jiménez 7180: 7173: 7166: 7157: 7156: 6944:House of Jiménez 6899: 6770: 6763: 6756: 6747: 6746: 6571:House of Jiménez 6564: 6455: 6448: 6441: 6432: 6431: 6398: 6366:Preceded by 6330:Preceded by 6304:Preceded by 6277:Preceded by 6267: 6260: 6251:House of Jiménez 6242: 6241: 6212: 6200: 6180: 6161: 6153: 6134: 6112: 6103: 6084: 6073: 6064: 6060:978-84-8951241-2 6045: 6036: 6005: 5980: 5959: 5940: 5934: 5926: 5900: 5890: 5871: 5850: 5831: 5817: 5807: 5786: 5773:El Cid en Aragón 5767: 5766:on 20 June 2013. 5765: 5759:. Archived from 5746: 5736: 5722: 5712: 5691: 5672: 5659:El Cid histórico 5653: 5634: 5632: 5630: 5617: 5607: 5586: 5576: 5559:Historia Silense 5551: 5538: 5519: 5500: 5481: 5462: 5443: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5410:. Archived from 5390: 5388: 5359: 5338: 5319: 5301: 5291: 5285: 5277: 5256: 5239: 5205: 5199: 5193: 5187: 5181: 5175: 5166: 5160: 5149: 5143: 5137: 5131: 5125: 5119: 5110: 5104: 5098: 5092: 5086: 5080: 5074: 5068: 5062: 5056: 5050: 5044: 5038: 5032: 5026: 5020: 5011: 5005: 4999: 4993: 4987: 4981: 4975: 4969: 4963: 4957: 4948: 4942: 4936: 4930: 4924: 4918: 4912: 4906: 4897: 4891: 4885: 4879: 4873: 4867: 4861: 4855: 4846: 4840: 4834: 4828: 4822: 4816: 4810: 4804: 4798: 4792: 4786: 4780: 4774: 4768: 4762: 4756: 4750: 4744: 4738: 4732: 4726: 4720: 4714: 4708: 4702: 4696: 4690: 4684: 4675: 4669: 4660: 4654: 4648: 4642: 4631: 4625: 4616: 4610: 4604: 4598: 4592: 4586: 4577: 4571: 4565: 4559: 4550: 4544: 4538: 4532: 4526: 4520: 4514: 4508: 4499: 4493: 4482: 4476: 4465: 4459: 4448: 4442: 4436: 4430: 4417: 4411: 4402: 4396: 4390: 4384: 4378: 4372: 4366: 4360: 4354: 4348: 4329: 4323: 4317: 4311: 4300: 4294: 4279: 4273: 4264: 4258: 4252: 4246: 4231: 4225: 4219: 4213: 4207: 4201: 4195: 4189: 4172: 4166: 4155: 4149: 4143: 4137: 4131: 4125: 4116: 4110: 4104: 4098: 4092: 4086: 4061: 4055: 4049: 4043: 4034: 4028: 4015: 4009: 4003: 3997: 3988: 3982: 3973: 3967: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3940: 3934: 3928: 3922: 3916: 3910: 3904: 3898: 3892: 3886: 3880: 3867: 3861: 3855: 3849: 3843: 3837: 3831: 3830:, pp. 1–40. 3828:Luis Corral 2012 3825: 3819: 3813: 3804: 3798: 3789: 3783: 3777: 3776: 3764: 3748: 3742: 3736: 3727: 3721: 3715: 3709: 3700: 3694: 3688: 3682: 3676: 3670: 3659: 3653: 3644: 3638: 3632: 3626: 3620: 3614: 3608: 3602: 3591: 3585: 3572: 3566: 3560: 3554: 3548: 3542: 3531: 3525: 3519: 3513: 3507: 3501: 3495: 3489: 3478: 3472: 3466: 3460: 3454: 3448: 3442: 3436: 3430: 3424: 3415: 3409: 3403: 3397: 3386: 3385: 3375: 3364: 3358: 3352: 3346: 3337: 3331: 3318: 3312: 3283: 3272: 3266: 3255: 3249: 3246: 3240: 3234: 3228: 3225: 3219: 3202: 3196: 3161:and his brother 3152: 3146: 3139: 3133: 3130: 3124: 3117: 3111: 3106: 3100: 3097: 2254:Bermudo III 2236:Ferdinand I 1988: 1987: 1974:iure hereditario 1926:Oviedo Cathedral 1824: 1748:Taifa of Córdoba 1744:Taifa of Seville 1692:Chalon-sur-Saône 1675:king of Portugal 1671:Afonso Henriques 1636:, "most noble" ( 1590:Elias I of Maine 1559:Duke of Normandy 1539:Duke of Normandy 1465:Death and burial 1167: 1096:Taifa of Granada 1023:Taifa of Granada 915:Taifa of Seville 853:Taifa of Badajoz 816:, was given the 797:Tierra de Campos 760: 750: 744: 738: 732: 726: 716: 686:had gathered in 663:Tierra de Campos 643:Historia silense 607:Historia silense 574:king of Pamplona 535:Consuegra (1097) 508: 471: 470: 1040/1041 468: 393: 316: 313: 33: 21: 20: 7492: 7491: 7487: 7486: 7485: 7483: 7482: 7481: 7422: 7421: 7420: 7415: 7397: 7359: 7303: 7235: 7226: 7193: 7184: 7154: 7149: 7131: 7075: 7061: 7043: 6971: 6938: 6900: 6891: 6783: 6774: 6744: 6739: 6721: 6665: 6598: 6565: 6556: 6502:Alfonso Fróilaz 6468: 6459: 6425: 6421: 6411: 6403: 6390: 6379: 6371: 6361: 6352: 6343: 6335: 6319: 6317: 6314:King of Galicia 6309: 6299: 6290: 6282: 6261: 6255: 6254: 6247: 6236:Wayback Machine 6220: 6215: 6209: 6188: 6186:Further reading 6183: 6155: 6100: 6061: 6025: 5977: 5956: 5928: 5927: 5898: 5887: 5868: 5857:La Reina Urraca 5847: 5815: 5804: 5783: 5763: 5744: 5720: 5709: 5688: 5669: 5650: 5628: 5626: 5535: 5516: 5497: 5478: 5459: 5417: 5415: 5414:on 3 March 2016 5408: 5335: 5299: 5279: 5278: 5213: 5208: 5200: 5196: 5188: 5184: 5176: 5169: 5161: 5152: 5144: 5140: 5132: 5128: 5120: 5113: 5105: 5101: 5093: 5089: 5081: 5077: 5069: 5065: 5057: 5053: 5045: 5041: 5033: 5029: 5021: 5014: 5006: 5002: 4994: 4990: 4982: 4978: 4970: 4966: 4958: 4951: 4943: 4939: 4931: 4927: 4919: 4915: 4907: 4900: 4892: 4888: 4880: 4876: 4868: 4864: 4856: 4849: 4841: 4837: 4829: 4825: 4817: 4813: 4805: 4801: 4793: 4789: 4781: 4777: 4769: 4765: 4757: 4753: 4745: 4741: 4733: 4729: 4721: 4717: 4711:Montenegro 2010 4709: 4705: 4697: 4693: 4685: 4678: 4672:Montenegro 2010 4670: 4663: 4655: 4651: 4643: 4634: 4626: 4619: 4611: 4607: 4599: 4595: 4587: 4580: 4572: 4568: 4560: 4553: 4545: 4541: 4533: 4529: 4521: 4517: 4509: 4502: 4494: 4485: 4477: 4468: 4460: 4451: 4443: 4439: 4431: 4420: 4412: 4405: 4397: 4393: 4385: 4381: 4377:, pp. 387. 4375:Montenegro 2010 4373: 4369: 4363:Montenegro 2010 4361: 4357: 4349: 4332: 4324: 4320: 4312: 4303: 4295: 4282: 4274: 4267: 4259: 4255: 4247: 4234: 4226: 4222: 4214: 4210: 4202: 4198: 4190: 4175: 4167: 4158: 4150: 4146: 4138: 4134: 4126: 4119: 4111: 4107: 4099: 4095: 4087: 4064: 4056: 4052: 4044: 4037: 4029: 4018: 4010: 4006: 3998: 3991: 3983: 3976: 3968: 3961: 3953: 3949: 3941: 3937: 3929: 3925: 3917: 3913: 3905: 3901: 3893: 3889: 3881: 3870: 3862: 3858: 3850: 3846: 3838: 3834: 3826: 3822: 3814: 3807: 3799: 3792: 3784: 3780: 3773: 3762: 3749: 3745: 3737: 3730: 3722: 3718: 3710: 3703: 3695: 3691: 3683: 3679: 3671: 3662: 3654: 3647: 3639: 3635: 3627: 3623: 3615: 3611: 3603: 3594: 3586: 3575: 3567: 3563: 3555: 3551: 3543: 3534: 3526: 3522: 3514: 3510: 3502: 3498: 3490: 3481: 3473: 3469: 3461: 3457: 3449: 3445: 3437: 3433: 3425: 3418: 3410: 3406: 3398: 3389: 3376: 3367: 3359: 3355: 3347: 3340: 3332: 3321: 3313: 3296: 3292: 3287: 3286: 3273: 3269: 3256: 3252: 3247: 3243: 3235: 3231: 3226: 3222: 3203: 3199: 3179:Orderic Vitalis 3171:Robert Guiscard 3153: 3149: 3140: 3136: 3131: 3127: 3118: 3114: 3107: 3103: 3098: 3094: 3089: 3076: 2964: 2955: 2946: 2945:Raymond IV 2937: 2924: 2911: 2902: 2893: 2692: 2681: 2672: 2661: 2660:Alfonso VI 2652: 2643: 2634: 2625: 2616: 2607: 2288: 2280: 2272: 2255: 2246: 2237: 2220: 2211: 2030: 2009: 2000: 1999:Sancho III 1992: 1986: 1954:Cluniac Reforms 1946: 1918: 1877: 1857:Bertha of Milan 1849:Bertha of Savoy 1832: 1788:Chronicon mundi 1764:Battle of Uclés 1760:Sancho Alfónsez 1742:, ruler of the 1732: 1684: 1663:Teresa Alfónsez 1649:Elvira Alfónsez 1642:real generacion 1630: 1606:Chronicon mundi 1582:Orderic Vitalis 1567: 1555:King of England 1547: 1535:King of England 1511: 1467: 1436: 1415:Battle of Uclés 1411:Sancho Alfónsez 1210: 1182:Sistema Central 1157:Queen Constance 1008:Alfonso in the 987: 958:standard-bearer 935:Taifa of Toledo 899:trial by ordeal 890: 885: 862:Their sisters, 807:Taifa of Toledo 799:as well as the 769:Kingdom of León 762: 758: 756: 748: 746: 742: 740: 736: 734: 730: 728: 724: 722: 714: 679: 586:Elvira Menéndez 556: 551: 543:Sancho Alfónsez 531:Sagrajas (1086) 469: 424: 415:Sancho Alfónsez 387: 386: 377: 372: 370: 366: 353: 333: 323:Kingdom of León 317: 314: 135: 44: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7490: 7480: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7417: 7416: 7414: 7413: 7407: 7405: 7399: 7398: 7396: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7369: 7367: 7361: 7360: 7358: 7357: 7348: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7313: 7311: 7305: 7304: 7302: 7301: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7245: 7243: 7237: 7236: 7229: 7227: 7225: 7224: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7203: 7201: 7195: 7194: 7183: 7182: 7175: 7168: 7160: 7151: 7150: 7148: 7147: 7141: 7139: 7133: 7132: 7130: 7129: 7120: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7085: 7083: 7077: 7076: 7071: 7069: 7063: 7062: 7060: 7059: 7053: 7051: 7045: 7044: 7042: 7041: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7006: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6981: 6979: 6973: 6972: 6970: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6948: 6946: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6910: 6908: 6902: 6901: 6894: 6892: 6890: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6793: 6791: 6785: 6784: 6773: 6772: 6765: 6758: 6750: 6741: 6740: 6738: 6737: 6731: 6729: 6723: 6722: 6720: 6719: 6710: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6675: 6673: 6667: 6666: 6664: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6608: 6606: 6600: 6599: 6597: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6575: 6573: 6567: 6566: 6559: 6557: 6555: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6478: 6476: 6470: 6469: 6458: 6457: 6450: 6443: 6435: 6427: 6426: 6416: 6413: 6396: 6388: 6382: 6381: 6376:King of Toledo 6372: 6369:Yahya al-Qadir 6367: 6363: 6362: 6357: 6354: 6336: 6331: 6327: 6326: 6310: 6305: 6301: 6300: 6295: 6292: 6283: 6278: 6274: 6273: 6272:Regnal titles 6269: 6268: 6248: 6245: 6240: 6239: 6226: 6219: 6218:External links 6216: 6214: 6213: 6207: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6181: 6162: 6135: 6114: 6104: 6098: 6085: 6074: 6065: 6059: 6046: 6037: 6023: 6006: 5992:(in Spanish). 5981: 5975: 5960: 5954: 5941: 5909:(12): 223–80. 5905:(in Spanish). 5891: 5885: 5872: 5866: 5851: 5845: 5832: 5808: 5802: 5787: 5781: 5768: 5737: 5713: 5707: 5692: 5686: 5673: 5667: 5654: 5648: 5635: 5618: 5587: 5552: 5539: 5533: 5520: 5514: 5501: 5495: 5482: 5476: 5463: 5457: 5444: 5424: 5406: 5391: 5371:(in Spanish). 5360: 5339: 5333: 5320: 5292: 5257: 5240: 5230:(3): 275–290. 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5206: 5204:, p. 167. 5194: 5182: 5180:, p. 476. 5167: 5165:, p. 334. 5150: 5138: 5136:, p. 474. 5126: 5124:, p. 473. 5111: 5109:, p. 227. 5099: 5087: 5075: 5063: 5061:, p. 323. 5051: 5039: 5027: 5025:, p. 470. 5012: 5010:, p. 333. 5000: 4998:, p. 301. 4988: 4986:, p. 300. 4976: 4974:, p. 299. 4964: 4949: 4937: 4935:, p. 475. 4925: 4913: 4911:, p. 228. 4898: 4896:, p. 324. 4886: 4874: 4872:, p. 121. 4862: 4847: 4835: 4833:, p. 322. 4823: 4811: 4799: 4797:, p. 319. 4787: 4785:, p. 296. 4775: 4773:, p. 408. 4763: 4761:, p. 168. 4751: 4739: 4737:, p. 468. 4727: 4715: 4713:, p. 374. 4703: 4701:, p. 317. 4691: 4689:, p. 316. 4676: 4674:, p. 370. 4661: 4659:, p. 310. 4649: 4632: 4630:, p. 329. 4617: 4605: 4593: 4591:, p. 451. 4578: 4566: 4564:, p. 309. 4551: 4539: 4527: 4515: 4511:van Houts 2004 4500: 4483: 4466: 4464:, p. 332. 4449: 4447:, p. 301. 4437: 4418: 4403: 4391: 4389:, p. 172. 4379: 4367: 4355: 4330: 4318: 4316:, p. 528. 4301: 4280: 4265: 4253: 4232: 4220: 4208: 4196: 4173: 4156: 4144: 4132: 4117: 4105: 4093: 4062: 4050: 4035: 4016: 4004: 3989: 3974: 3972:, p. 500. 3959: 3947: 3935: 3923: 3911: 3909:, p. 496. 3899: 3887: 3868: 3856: 3844: 3842:, p. 230. 3832: 3820: 3805: 3790: 3778: 3771: 3743: 3728: 3716: 3701: 3689: 3677: 3660: 3645: 3633: 3621: 3609: 3607:, p. 231. 3592: 3573: 3561: 3549: 3547:, p. 230. 3532: 3520: 3518:, p. 229. 3508: 3506:, p. 112. 3496: 3494:, p. 228. 3479: 3477:, p. 226. 3467: 3455: 3453:, p. 303. 3443: 3431: 3416: 3404: 3387: 3365: 3353: 3338: 3319: 3317:, p. 227. 3293: 3291: 3288: 3285: 3284: 3267: 3250: 3241: 3229: 3220: 3197: 3147: 3134: 3125: 3112: 3101: 3091: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3079: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3042: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3007: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2969: 2967: 2960: 2958: 2951: 2949: 2942: 2940: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2907: 2905: 2898: 2896: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2695: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2680:García II 2677: 2675: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2657: 2655: 2648: 2646: 2639: 2637: 2633:Sancho II 2630: 2628: 2621: 2619: 2615:Sancho IV 2612: 2610: 2602: 2601: 2599: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2537: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2291: 2284: 2282: 2277: 2275: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2251: 2249: 2242: 2240: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2216: 2214: 2206: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2029:Alfonso V 2026: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2005: 2003: 1996: 1994: 1985: 1982: 1945: 1942: 1917: 1914: 1913: 1912: 1902: 1876: 1873: 1841:House of Savoy 1831: 1828: 1812:Lévi-Provençal 1808:Menéndez Pidal 1768: 1767: 1731: 1728: 1727: 1726: 1683: 1680: 1679: 1678: 1660: 1629: 1626: 1566: 1563: 1546: 1543: 1541:named Agatha. 1510: 1507: 1466: 1463: 1435: 1432: 1236:and landed in 1209: 1206: 1111:Rueda de Jalón 1031:Alcalá la Real 986: 983: 956:(El Cid), the 889: 886: 884: 881: 876: 875: 860: 829: 810: 757: 747: 741: 735: 729: 723: 713: 678: 675: 555: 552: 550: 547: 511:king of Toledo 484:, was king of 458: 457: 455:Sancha of León 452: 448: 447: 442: 438: 437: 432: 426: 425: 423: 422: 417: 412: 407: 402: 396: 394: 380: 379: 374:Zaida (Isabel) 361: 355: 354: 348: 346: 342: 341: 330: 326: 325: 309: 305: 304: 301: 300: 295: 291: 290: 287: 283: 282: 280:King of Toledo 276: 275: 266: 262: 261: 256: 252: 251: 248: 244: 243: 240: 236: 235: 229: 228: 223: 219: 218: 213: 209: 208: 205: 201: 200: 190: 189: 184: 180: 179: 174: 170: 169: 166: 162: 161: 156: 152: 151: 146: 142: 141: 136:(jointly with 132: 128: 127: 113: 112: 107: 103: 102: 97: 93: 92: 89: 85: 84: 79: 75: 74: 69: 65: 64: 61: 57: 56: 46: 45: 34: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7489: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7429: 7427: 7412: 7409: 7408: 7406: 7404: 7400: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7366: 7362: 7356: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7314: 7312: 7310: 7306: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7274:Ferdinand III 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7246: 7244: 7242: 7238: 7233: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7204: 7202: 7200: 7196: 7192: 7188: 7181: 7176: 7174: 7169: 7167: 7162: 7161: 7158: 7146: 7143: 7142: 7140: 7138: 7134: 7128: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7086: 7084: 7082: 7078: 7074: 7073:John of Gaunt 7070: 7068: 7064: 7058: 7055: 7054: 7052: 7050: 7046: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7009:Ferdinand III 7007: 7005: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6982: 6980: 6978: 6974: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6949: 6947: 6945: 6941: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6911: 6909: 6907: 6903: 6898: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6794: 6792: 6790: 6789:Suebian kings 6786: 6782: 6778: 6771: 6766: 6764: 6759: 6757: 6752: 6751: 6748: 6736: 6733: 6732: 6730: 6728: 6724: 6718: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6676: 6674: 6672: 6668: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6636:Ferdinand III 6634: 6632: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6609: 6607: 6605: 6601: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6576: 6574: 6572: 6568: 6563: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6479: 6477: 6475: 6471: 6467: 6463: 6456: 6451: 6449: 6444: 6442: 6437: 6436: 6433: 6424: 6419: 6410: 6409: 6408: 6401: 6395: 6394: 6387: 6383: 6378: 6377: 6370: 6364: 6360: 6351: 6350: 6346: 6341: 6334: 6328: 6325: 6324: 6316: 6315: 6308: 6302: 6298: 6289: 6288: 6281: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6258: 6253: 6252: 6243: 6237: 6233: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6221: 6210: 6208:9780844407760 6204: 6199: 6198: 6191: 6190: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6169: 6163: 6159: 6151: 6147: 6143: 6142: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6101: 6099:84-7846-781-5 6095: 6091: 6086: 6082: 6081: 6075: 6071: 6066: 6062: 6056: 6052: 6047: 6043: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6024:9788495215291 6020: 6016: 6012: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5982: 5978: 5976:9788487103032 5972: 5968: 5967: 5961: 5957: 5955:9780631199649 5951: 5947: 5942: 5938: 5932: 5924: 5923:10316.2/46741 5920: 5916: 5912: 5908: 5904: 5897: 5892: 5888: 5886:84-7719-811-X 5882: 5878: 5873: 5869: 5863: 5859: 5858: 5852: 5848: 5842: 5838: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5821: 5814: 5809: 5805: 5803:1-904350-31-3 5799: 5795: 5794: 5788: 5784: 5782:84-88305-75-3 5778: 5774: 5769: 5762: 5758: 5754: 5750: 5743: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5719: 5714: 5710: 5704: 5700: 5699: 5693: 5689: 5683: 5679: 5674: 5670: 5664: 5660: 5655: 5651: 5649:84-8460-251-6 5645: 5641: 5636: 5624: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5560: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5540: 5536: 5534:9780521652087 5530: 5526: 5521: 5517: 5515:9788432083730 5511: 5507: 5502: 5498: 5492: 5488: 5483: 5479: 5477:84-241-9999-5 5473: 5469: 5464: 5460: 5454: 5450: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5413: 5409: 5403: 5399: 5398: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5361: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5340: 5336: 5334:9781107460638 5330: 5326: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5306:(7). Lleida: 5305: 5298: 5293: 5289: 5283: 5275: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5226:(in French). 5225: 5221: 5216: 5215: 5203: 5198: 5191: 5186: 5179: 5174: 5172: 5164: 5159: 5157: 5155: 5147: 5142: 5135: 5130: 5123: 5118: 5116: 5108: 5103: 5097:, p. 33. 5096: 5091: 5084: 5079: 5073:, p. 94. 5072: 5067: 5060: 5055: 5048: 5043: 5036: 5031: 5024: 5019: 5017: 5009: 5004: 4997: 4992: 4985: 4980: 4973: 4968: 4961: 4956: 4954: 4946: 4941: 4934: 4929: 4922: 4917: 4910: 4905: 4903: 4895: 4890: 4883: 4878: 4871: 4866: 4859: 4854: 4852: 4845:, p. 19. 4844: 4839: 4832: 4827: 4820: 4815: 4808: 4803: 4796: 4791: 4784: 4779: 4772: 4767: 4760: 4755: 4748: 4743: 4736: 4731: 4725:, p. 28. 4724: 4719: 4712: 4707: 4700: 4695: 4688: 4683: 4681: 4673: 4668: 4666: 4658: 4653: 4646: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4629: 4624: 4622: 4614: 4609: 4602: 4597: 4590: 4585: 4583: 4575: 4570: 4563: 4558: 4556: 4548: 4543: 4536: 4531: 4524: 4519: 4512: 4507: 4505: 4498:, p. 47. 4497: 4492: 4490: 4488: 4480: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4463: 4458: 4456: 4454: 4446: 4441: 4434: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4416:, p. 98. 4415: 4410: 4408: 4400: 4395: 4388: 4383: 4376: 4371: 4364: 4359: 4353:, p. 96. 4352: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4335: 4327: 4322: 4315: 4314:Guichard 1989 4310: 4308: 4306: 4299:, p. 97. 4298: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4285: 4278:, p. 95. 4277: 4272: 4270: 4262: 4257: 4251:, p. 94. 4250: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4229: 4224: 4217: 4212: 4205: 4200: 4194:, p. 93. 4193: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4171:, p. 92. 4170: 4165: 4163: 4161: 4153: 4148: 4142:, p. 45. 4141: 4136: 4130:, p. 91. 4129: 4124: 4122: 4114: 4109: 4102: 4097: 4091:, p. 90. 4090: 4085: 4083: 4081: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4060:, p. 49. 4059: 4054: 4048:, p. 89. 4047: 4042: 4040: 4033:, p. 41. 4032: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4013: 4008: 4002:, p. 42. 4001: 3996: 3994: 3987:, p. 88. 3986: 3981: 3979: 3971: 3970:Guichard 1989 3966: 3964: 3957:, p. 87. 3956: 3951: 3944: 3939: 3932: 3927: 3920: 3915: 3908: 3907:Guichard 1989 3903: 3896: 3891: 3885:, p. 75. 3884: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3865: 3860: 3853: 3848: 3841: 3836: 3829: 3824: 3818:, p. 49. 3817: 3812: 3810: 3803:, p. 74. 3802: 3797: 3795: 3787: 3782: 3774: 3772:84-95747-55-3 3768: 3760: 3756: 3755: 3747: 3741:, p. 44. 3740: 3735: 3733: 3726:, p. 43. 3725: 3720: 3714:, p. 41. 3713: 3708: 3706: 3698: 3693: 3687:, p. 39. 3686: 3681: 3674: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3658:, p. 38. 3657: 3652: 3650: 3642: 3637: 3630: 3625: 3619:, p. 36. 3618: 3613: 3606: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3590:, p. 33. 3589: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3571:, p. 31. 3570: 3565: 3558: 3553: 3546: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3529: 3524: 3517: 3512: 3505: 3500: 3493: 3488: 3486: 3484: 3476: 3471: 3465:, p. 21. 3464: 3459: 3452: 3447: 3441:, p. 29. 3440: 3435: 3429:, p. 20. 3428: 3423: 3421: 3413: 3408: 3402:, p. 19. 3401: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3383: 3382: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3363:, p. 18. 3362: 3357: 3351:, p. 35. 3350: 3345: 3343: 3335: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3316: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3294: 3281: 3277: 3271: 3264: 3260: 3254: 3245: 3238: 3233: 3224: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3208: 3201: 3194: 3190: 3189: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3151: 3144: 3138: 3129: 3122: 3116: 3110: 3105: 3096: 3092: 3081: 3078: 3046: 3044: 3041: 2989: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2966: 2957: 2948: 2939: 2930: 2926: 2913: 2904: 2895: 2875: 2872: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2811: 2794: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2762: 2740: 2738: 2728: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2704: 2700: 2698: 2697: 2694: 2683: 2674: 2663: 2654: 2645: 2636: 2627: 2618: 2609: 2606:Sancho V 2603: 2600: 2582: 2580: 2572: 2570: 2562: 2560: 2552: 2550: 2542: 2540: 2539: 2520: 2494: 2492: 2480: 2478: 2466: 2464: 2441: 2438: 2402: 2400: 2399: 2392: 2376: 2374: 2354: 2352: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2293: 2290: 2274: 2257: 2248: 2239: 2222: 2213: 2210:Ramiro I 2207: 2204: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2156: 2154: 2153: 2148: 2140: 2138: 2112: 2108: 2106: 2102: 2100: 2090: 2078: 2076: 2072: 2070: 2064: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2045: 2032: 2011: 2002: 1989: 1981: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1965: 1962: 1957: 1955: 1951: 1941: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1910: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1887: 1886: 1883: 1872: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1803: 1801: 1797: 1791: 1789: 1785: 1784: 1779: 1775: 1774: 1765: 1761: 1758: 1757: 1756: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1709: 1708: 1707: 1705: 1704:Hugh of Cluny 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1647: 1646: 1645: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1621: 1617: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1593: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1578: 1576: 1572: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1542: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1523:Kings of León 1520: 1516: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1496: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1462: 1460: 1454: 1451: 1446: 1442: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1371: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1360:Al-Mustain II 1352: 1348: 1345: 1341: 1335: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1320: 1316: 1311: 1309: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1241: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1205: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1166: 1160: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1145: 1143: 1137: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1114: 1112: 1107: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1080: 1078: 1077: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1013: 1012: 1006: 1002: 1000: 996: 992: 982: 978: 975: 969: 967: 962: 959: 955: 950: 948: 942: 940: 936: 932: 927: 922: 920: 916: 912: 908: 903: 900: 896: 880: 873: 869: 865: 861: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 841:Mondego River 838: 834: 830: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 808: 804: 803: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 765: 754: 720: 712:around 1065: 711: 706: 702: 699: 698: 693: 689: 685: 674: 672: 668: 667:Pedro Ansúrez 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 639: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 608: 602: 600: 596: 595: 589: 587: 583: 579: 576:and his wife 575: 571: 567: 566: 561: 546: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 521:'s taking of 520: 516: 512: 507: 502: 497: 496:(1072–1109). 495: 491: 488:(1065–1109), 487: 483: 479: 475: 464: 456: 453: 449: 446: 443: 439: 436: 433: 431: 427: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 397: 395: 392: 391: 385: 381: 375: 369: 365: 362: 360: 356: 351: 350:Sahagún, León 347: 343: 340: 336: 331: 327: 324: 320: 310: 306: 302: 299: 296: 292: 288: 284: 281: 277: 274: 270: 267: 263: 260: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 234: 230: 227: 224: 220: 217: 214: 210: 206: 202: 199: 195: 191: 188: 185: 181: 178: 175: 171: 167: 163: 160: 157: 153: 150: 147: 143: 139: 133: 129: 126: 122: 118: 114: 111: 108: 104: 101: 98: 94: 90: 86: 83: 80: 76: 73: 70: 66: 62: 58: 55: 51: 47: 42: 39:codex at the 38: 32: 27: 22: 19: 7432:1040s births 7289:Ferdinand IV 7259:Alfonso VIII 7216: 7029:Ferdinand IV 6990:Ferdinand II 6961: 6651:Ferdinand IV 6617:Ferdinand II 6588: 6405: 6404: 6399: 6391: 6385: 6374: 6340:King of León 6338: 6320: 6312: 6287:King of León 6285: 6263: 6256: 6249: 6196: 6167: 6139: 6122: 6108: 6089: 6079: 6069: 6050: 6041: 6014: 5993: 5989: 5965: 5945: 5931:cite journal 5906: 5902: 5876: 5856: 5836: 5819: 5792: 5772: 5761:the original 5748: 5724: 5697: 5677: 5658: 5639: 5627:. 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Retrieved 5412:the original 5396: 5372: 5368: 5343: 5324: 5303: 5282:cite journal 5265: 5261: 5244: 5227: 5223: 5211:Bibliography 5197: 5185: 5141: 5129: 5102: 5090: 5078: 5066: 5054: 5042: 5030: 5003: 4991: 4979: 4967: 4940: 4928: 4916: 4889: 4877: 4865: 4838: 4826: 4814: 4802: 4790: 4778: 4766: 4754: 4742: 4730: 4723:Mattoso 2014 4718: 4706: 4694: 4652: 4608: 4596: 4574:Vitalis 1854 4569: 4542: 4535:Douglas 1964 4530: 4518: 4440: 4394: 4382: 4370: 4358: 4321: 4256: 4223: 4211: 4199: 4147: 4135: 4108: 4096: 4053: 4007: 3950: 3938: 3926: 3914: 3902: 3890: 3859: 3847: 3835: 3823: 3781: 3758: 3753: 3746: 3719: 3692: 3680: 3675:, p. 9. 3636: 3624: 3612: 3564: 3552: 3523: 3511: 3499: 3470: 3458: 3446: 3434: 3407: 3380: 3361:Serrano 1910 3356: 3279: 3275: 3270: 3262: 3253: 3244: 3236: 3232: 3223: 3215: 3211: 3205: 3200: 3186: 3182: 3166: 3150: 3141: 3137: 3128: 3120: 3115: 3108: 3104: 3095: 2659: 1977: 1973: 1966: 1958: 1947: 1919: 1878: 1833: 1818: 1816: 1804: 1799: 1792: 1787: 1781: 1771: 1769: 1733: 1685: 1641: 1637: 1634:Jimena Muñoz 1631: 1628:Jimena Muñoz 1605: 1602:Lucas de Tuy 1597: 1594: 1579: 1568: 1548: 1527:nobilissimas 1526: 1518: 1512: 1503: 1499: 1491: 1468: 1455: 1449: 1437: 1418: 1400: 1376: 1372: 1357: 1336: 1312: 1303: 1296: 1265: 1260: 1253: 1242: 1211: 1161: 1141: 1138: 1129: 1115: 1108: 1099: 1091: 1087: 1081: 1074: 1035: 1016: 1009: 998: 988: 979: 970: 965: 963: 951: 943: 923: 904: 891: 877: 871: 848: 821: 800: 696: 680: 658: 647:liberal arts 642: 640: 605: 603: 592: 590: 563: 557: 539:Uclés (1108) 498: 481: 477: 473: 462: 461: 388: 165:Second reign 88:Second reign 36: 18: 7437:1109 deaths 7346:Ferdinand V 7249:Alfonso VII 7207:Ferdinand I 7118:Ferdinand V 7024:Prince John 6985:Alfonso VII 6934:Bermudo III 6708:Ferdinand V 6612:Alfonso VII 6579:Ferdinand I 6552:Bermudo III 6482:Alfonso III 6393:Ferdinand I 6280:Ferdinand I 5310:: 225–269. 5178:Gambra 1997 5146:Reilly 1989 5134:Gambra 1997 5122:Gambra 1997 5095:Reilly 1992 5071:Gambra 1997 5047:Gambra 1997 5023:Gambra 1997 4960:Gambra 1997 4933:Gambra 1997 4921:Reilly 1989 4735:Gambra 1997 4601:Gambra 1997 4589:Gambra 1997 4496:Reilly 1989 4414:Reilly 1992 4399:Reilly 1992 4351:Reilly 1992 4326:Reilly 1992 4297:Reilly 1992 4276:Reilly 1992 4261:Reilly 1992 4249:Reilly 1992 4228:Bishko 1971 4192:Reilly 1992 4169:Reilly 1992 4128:Reilly 1992 4113:Reilly 1992 4101:Reilly 1992 4089:Reilly 1992 4046:Reilly 1992 4012:Reilly 1992 3985:Reilly 1992 3955:Reilly 1992 3943:Reilly 1992 3895:Reilly 1992 3883:Reilly 1992 3852:Martín Duke 3801:Reilly 1992 3673:Reilly 1989 3427:Reilly 1989 2965:of Burgundy 2956:of Portugal 2947:of Toulouse 2912:of Burgundy 2693:of Burgundy 2653:of Burgundy 2617:of Pamplona 2273:of Burgundy 2221:of Pamplona 2001:of Pamplona 1984:Family tree 1893:, Count of 1847:, niece of 1723:Alfonso VII 1638:nobilissima 1450:Curia Regia 1419:reconquista 1388:Jalón River 1278:(1090) and 1245:Extremadura 1126:Álvar Fáñez 974:Jimena Díaz 697:Curia Regia 558:The son of 482:the Valiant 332:1 July 1109 259:Ferdinand I 255:Predecessor 212:Predecessor 173:Predecessor 145:Predecessor 131:First reign 96:Predecessor 72:Ferdinand I 68:Predecessor 60:First reign 7426:Categories 7393:Charles II 7383:Philip III 7342:Isabella I 7294:Alfonso XI 7269:Berengaria 7254:Sancho III 7217:Alfonso VI 7114:Isabella I 7034:Alfonso XI 6995:Alfonso IX 6962:Alfonso VI 6924:Bermudo II 6852:Theodemund 6842:Hermeneric 6704:Isabella I 6656:Alfonso XI 6622:Alfonso IX 6589:Alfonso VI 6542:Bermudo II 6537:Ramiro III 6517:Ordoño III 6507:Alfonso IV 6412:1077–1109 6380:1085–1109 6353:1072–1109 6291:1065–1072 6160:required.) 5846:8450569826 5698:Alfonso VI 5496:8487667287 5268:: 155–88. 5035:Vajay 2007 4216:David 1948 3840:Ayala 2013 3641:Ayala 2013 3290:References 2925:of Seville 2682:of Galicia 2635:of Castile 2287:Saint Hugh 2010:of Castile 2008:Muniadomna 1700:Hugh Capet 1384:Medinaceli 1218:Al-Andalus 1065:, part of 999:rex Spanie 872:Infantazgo 671:Banu Gómez 463:Alfonso VI 319:Compostela 247:Coronation 24:Alfonso VI 7388:Philip IV 7378:Philip II 7373:Charles I 7327:Henry III 7284:Sancho IV 7279:Alfonso X 7212:Sancho II 7145:Charles I 7099:Henry III 7019:Sancho IV 7014:Alfonso X 6957:Sancho II 6952:García II 6929:Alfonso V 6914:Ordoño II 6867:Theodemar 6837:Remismund 6827:Richimund 6735:Charles I 6689:Henry III 6646:Sancho IV 6641:Alfonso X 6584:Sancho II 6547:Alfonso V 6527:Ordoño IV 6512:Ramiro II 6497:Fruela II 6492:Ordoño II 6333:Sancho II 6323:Sancho II 6318:1071–1072 6307:García II 6297:Sancho II 6131:0018-1285 6044:. 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II 6532:Sancho I 6522:Sancho I 6487:García I 6462:Monarchs 6232:Archived 5629:28 April 5430:(1964). 5253:11366237 3173:, while 2289:of Cluny 2281:of Semur 2271:Robert I 1993:of Aybar 1916:Beatrice 1882:Louis VI 1786:and the 1495:Flanders 1424:Aranjuez 1396:Mozarabs 1332:Santarém 1288:Capetian 1284:Anscarid 1184:and the 1170:Talavera 1051:La Rioja 1019:Al-Mamun 939:Al-Mamun 931:chasuble 907:Santarém 845:Portugal 783:, León, 781:Asturias 684:magnates 651:Raimundo 523:Valencia 478:El Bravo 378:Beatrice 125:Portugal 7332:John II 7264:Henry I 7191:Castile 7104:John II 6887:Malaric 6862:Ariamir 6817:Maldras 6807:Rechiar 6802:Rechila 6781:Galicia 6694:John II 6349:Galicia 6345:Castile 6177:1347543 5418:10 July 3075:Alfonso 2938:of León 2910:Raymond 2903:of León 2644:of Toro 2256:of León 2247:of León 2031:of León 1978:infante 1895:Liébana 1610:Sahagún 1475:Sahagún 1407:Sahagún 1379:Cullera 1319:Tortosa 1268:Raymond 1202:Granada 1198:Badajoz 1194:Seville 1118:Córdoba 1063:Vizcaya 1043:Vizcaya 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Knowledge

Alfonso VI of León and Castile

Index