496:
763:
734:, for the papacy would be bound to press the terms of such a pious testament. Generous bequests to important churches and abbeys in Castile had the effect of making the noble churchmen there beneficiaries who would be encouraged by the will to act as a brake on Alfonso VII's ambitions to break it – and yet among the magnates witnessing the will in 1131 there was not a single cleric. In the event it was a will that his nobles refused to carry out – instead bringing his brother Ramiro from the monastery to assume royal powers – an eventuality that Lourie suggests was Alfonso's hidden intent.
2441:
639:
31:
2130:
habitu immutatus. Et annis aliquot interpositis, quispiam se ostendit qui se eumdem publice fatebatur et multorum
Castellae et Aragoniae id ipsum testimonio affirmabant qui cum eo in utroque regno fuerant familiariter conversati et ad memoriam reducebant secreta plurima que ipse olim cum eis habita recolebat et antiquorum assertio ipsum esse firmiter asserebat. Demum tamen quia cum ex regno plurimi sectabantur et de die in diem eorum numerus augebatur. Aldefonsus rex Aragoniae fecit eum suspendio interire.
730:, whose influences might have been expected to cancel one another out. The will has puzzled some historians, who have read it as an unusual gesture of extreme piety, though not out of line with his purported devotion for militant Christianity. Elena Lourie (1975) suggested instead that it was Alfonso's attempt to neutralize the papacy's interest in a disputed succession – Aragon had been a fief of the papacy since 1068 – and to fend off Urraca's son from her first marriage,
859:, which was ruled by Alfonso under Louis's suzerainty. This pretender was an old man (appropriately, since the Battler had died some decades earlier) and Alfonso II expressed confidence that Louis would arrest him at the earliest possible moment and bring him to justice. The first letter supplies sufficient information to date it approximately, since the Bishop sojourned at the court of Louis on his way to Rome. It is known from other sources that Berengar attended the
1959:
888:, and still others that he had fled from Fraga in shame after his defeat and became a pilgrim as an act of penance. Some years later, Rodrigo writes, though he does not give a year, an impostor arose and was received by many as the Battler, though Alfonso II had him arrested and hanged. This is the earliest reference to the impostor's end. The legend was amplified in later years. According to the fourteenth-century
623:. They took Almudévar, Gurrea de Gállego, and Zuera, besieging Zaragoza itself by the end of May. The city fell on 18 December, and the forces of Alfonso occupied the Azuda, the government tower. The great palace of the city was given to the monks of Bernard. Promptly, the city was made Alfonso's capital. Two years later, in 1120, he defeated a Muslim army intent on reconquering his new capital at the
827:, who was then named Ramiro's heir. "The result of the crisis produced by the result of Alfonso I's will was a major reorientation of the peninsula's kingdoms: the separation of Aragon and Navarre, the union of Aragon and Catalonia and – a moot point but stressed particularly by some Castilian historians – the affirmation of 'Castilian hegemony' in Spain" by the rendering of homage for
2099:
Vino un ferrero e dixo: «yo so don
Alfonso, el que presó a Çaragoça e Cadatayut e Daroqua»; e recebido es en aquellos lugares con grant honra e con grant ponpa. E dice muchas cosas que semeiavam verdat de lo passado quel havia fecho. E era tenido por senyer e por don Alfonso. E despues fue conoscido
803:
in order to develop a consensus. Pedro de Atarés had so alienated his own partisans there with his perceived arrogance that they had abandoned him, yet at the same time were unwilling to accept
Alfonso's younger brother Ramiro. The convention then broke up without ever arriving at a compromise, and
2129:
nam victus occiditur et si occisus inventus fuerit dubitatur. Ab aliquibus enim dicitur corpus eius in montis
Aragonis monasterio tumulatum a mauris tamen ante redemptum. Ab aliis dicitur vivus a proelio evasisse et confusionem proelii nequiens tolerare peregrinum se exhibuit huic mundo effigie et
486:
Alfonso's late marriage and his failure to remarry and produce the essential legitimate heir that should have been a dynastic linchpin of his aggressive territorial policies have been adduced as a lack of interest in women. Ibn al-Athir (1166–1234) describes
Alfonso as a tireless soldier who would
868:
has hypothesised that the
Aragonese lords of the tenancies of Zaragoza, Calatayud, and Daroca – Pedro de Luesia, Loferrench de Luna, Pedro de Castillazuelo (lord of Calatayud), Pedro Cornel (lord of Murillo de Gállego), and the majordomo Jimeno de Artusilla, all of whom disappear between 1177 and
863:
in March 1179. The letters were probably written towards the end of 1178 or in
January 1179 at the latest. According to an annalist source for the years 1089–1196, the pretender was received with honour and pomp in Zaragoza, Calatayud, and Daroca, which the Battler had conquered, but after it was
453:
and had not learnt chastity in the polygamous household of her father. Husband and wife quarrelled with the brutality of the age and came to open war, even placing Urraca under siege at
Astorga in 1112. Alfonso had the support of one section of the nobles who found their account in the confusion.
470:
subjugated. The marriage of
Alfonso and Urraca was declared null by the pope, as they were second cousins, in 1110, but he ignored the papal nuncio and clung to his liaison with Urraca until 1114. During his marriage, he had called himself "King and Emperor of Castile, Toledo, Aragón, Pamplona,
635:, facilitating taking the law into one's own hands, which among others reassumed the Muslim right to dwell in the city and their right to keep their properties and practice their religion under their own jurisdiction as long as they maintained tax payment and relocated to the suburbs.
873:, which has no historical basis, as the victims of Ramiro II (1136). Since, historically, they were not active in the 1130s, it is possible that the historically based legend of the pseudo-Alfonso had some influence on the genesis of the Bell of Huesca.
2148:
Otros dicen que de vergüenza que era vencido sent passo la mar a
Jerusalem, pero nunca lo trobaron ni muerto ni vivo. Otros dicen que a tiempo vino en Aragon e fablo con algunos que sopieran de sus poridades. Otros que alli se perdio e non fue
786:
monk since childhood, and his commitment to the church, his temperament and vow of celibacy made him ill-suited to rule a kingdom under constant military threat and in need of a stable line of succession. The step-son of the deceased king,
890:
669:
In the great raid of 1125, he carried away a large part of the subject Christians from Granada, and in the south-west of France, he had rights as king of Navarre. From 1125 to 1126, he was on
778:
The testament of Alfonso leaving his kingdom to the three orders was dismissed out of hand by the nobility of his kingdoms, and possible successors were sought. Alfonso's only brother,
487:
sleep in his armor without benefit of cover, whom when asked why he did not take his pleasure from women, responded that the man devoted to war needs the companionship of men not women.
718:
in October 1131, three years before his death, he published a will leaving his kingdom to three autonomous religious orders based in Palestine and politically largely independent – the
568:
Alfonso spent his first four years as king in near-constant war with the Muslims. In 1105, he conquered Ejea and Tauste and refortified Castellar and Juslibol. In 1106, he defeated
387:, learning to read and write and to practice the military arts under the tutelage of Lope Garcés the Pilgrim, who was repaid for his services by his former charge with the county of
880:, writing in the middle of the thirteenth century, who records that there were several legends then current about the death of Alfonso the Battler: some believed he perished in the
655:
437:
A passionate fighting-man (he fought twenty-nine battles against Christian or Moor), he was married (when well over 30 years and a habitual bachelor) in 1109 to the ambitious Queen
848:
2083:. The earliest possible date at which Berengar could have been travelling to Rome to meet Alexander is after 23 November 1165, when the latter finally took up residence in Rome.
843:, the Battler's grandnephew, a man came forward claiming to be Alfonso the Battler. The only contemporary references to this event are two letters of Alfonso II addressed to
2066:, XV (Paris: 1878), 2nd ed., n. 223–4, pp. 71–2, and utitised extensively by Marcelin Defourneaux, "Louis VII et le souverains espagnols. L'enigme du «pseudo-Alphonse»", in
819:
and protégé of Alfonso VII to be their king. The Aragonese took Ramiro out of a monastery and made him king, marrying him without papal dispensation to Agnes, sister of the
654:, but left to defeat the army at Cutanda trying to retake Zaragoza. When Calatayud fell, he took Bubierca, Alhama de Aragón, Ariza, and Daroca (1120). In 1123, he
471:
Sobrarbe, and Ribagorza" in recognition of his rights as Urraca's husband; of his inheritance of the lands of his father, including the kingdom of his great-uncle
920:, who had been exercising power in Aragon, and the succession of the child Alfonso II in 1162. The death of the impostor, by hanging, must have occurred in 1163.
865:
646:
In 1119, he retook Cervera, Tudejen, Castellón, Tarazona, Ágreda, Magallón, Borja, Alagón, Novillas, Mallén, Rueda, Épila and populated the region of
425:
A series of deaths put Alfonso directly in line for the throne. His brother's children, Isabella and Peter (who married María Rodríguez, daughter of
3681:
371:(c. 1370), which says that "they called him lord Alfonso the battler because in Spain there wasn't as good a knight who won twenty-nine battles" (
799:, the grandson of Alfonso's illegitimate uncle, while the Aragonese nobility rallied around the abbot-bishop Ramiro. A convention was called at
869:
1181 in the documentation of their tenancies – supported, at least initially, the pretender. These lords also appear in the later legend of the
741:, the future king of Navarre, and a mere 500 other knights fought with him. It fell on 17 July. He was dead by September. His tomb is in the
3649:
3183:
2634:
2376:
1994:
2111:
Ubieto Arteta (1958), note 24, who also connects the appearance of the pretender with the economic disasters that befell Aragon in 1174.
1979:
1974:
415:
2160:
Zurita's account is found in his second book, twenty-second chapter, and is completely recapitulated by Ubieto Arteta (1958), 29–30.
3878:
3873:
681:, where he got only as far as Motril. In 1127, he reconquered Longares, but simultaneously lost all his Castilian possessions to
3323:
3829:
3540:
3255:
2092:
Antonio C. Floriano, "Fragmentos de unos viejos anales (1089–1196). Transcripción y análisis paleográfico. Crítica histórica",
1743:
824:
3888:
1384:
3739:
1315:
3805:
3787:
3732:
3725:
2719:
1856:
1517:
1121:
900:
367:
2709:
2080:
816:
2666:
2346:
2335:
1712:
147:
3823:
3509:
2699:
855:, but are not dated. According to the second of these, the pretender was then living in Louis's domains, meaning the
472:
2308:
1331:
3883:
3642:
3504:
3176:
2627:
2369:
917:
3598:
762:
495:
3222:
2744:
2734:
2671:
2583:
2415:
2298:
1695:
808:
738:
715:
670:
80:
2070:, VI (Madrid: 1956), 647–61. They were published again by Ubieto Arteta (1958), appendices I and II, pp. 37–8.
373:
clamabanlo don Alfonso batallador porque en Espayna no ovo tan buen cavallero que veynte nueve batallas vençió
3593:
3281:
3062:
2661:
2558:
1571:
774:) of Alfonso the Battler, with the skull centre, facing the viewer. Photograph by Enrique Capella (May 1920).
1533:
202:
384:
2694:
3635:
3436:
3169:
2620:
2362:
742:
727:
191:
3893:
3757:
3705:
3658:
3390:
3143:
2643:
2385:
2316:
303:
87:
2079:
Ubieto Arteta (1958), 35, cites the evidence for Aragon's early support for Alexander III against the
877:
3675:
3488:
3467:
3260:
856:
541:
662:. From the winter of 1124 to September 1125, he was on a risky expedition to Peña Cadiella deep in
441:, a passionate woman unsuited for a subordinate role. The marriage had been arranged by her father
3699:
3693:
3577:
3556:
3421:
3151:
2887:
864:
found out that he was false he was executed before the city of Barcelona in 1181. Modern historian
697:
1921:
916:
that new details were added to the legend. Zurita dates the impostor's appearance to the death of
885:
3719:
3385:
3349:
3147:
783:
569:
548:. It was the start of the military orders in Aragon. Years later, he organised a branch of the
1893:
3817:
3561:
3535:
3395:
3038:
2858:
2777:
2714:
2535:
978:
731:
682:
530:
462:, but his only trustworthy supporters were his Aragonese, who were not numerous enough to keep
449:, and to supply them with a capable military leader. But Urraca was tenacious of her right as
323:
3029:
2873:
2512:
2002:
1141:
788:
3863:
3775:
3687:
3426:
3339:
2894:
2853:
2848:
2772:
2754:
2724:
2704:
2520:
2477:
2238:
884:, some that his body had never been recovered, others that he was buried in the monastery of
860:
795:, put himself forward but garnered no local support. The nobility of Navarre aligned behind
792:
577:
2174:
Constable, Olivia Remie; Zurro, Damian, eds. (2012). "Grants to Military Christian Orders".
1964:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
442:
307:
3868:
3841:
3811:
3431:
3400:
3375:
3359:
3249:
3116:
2923:
2863:
2825:
2749:
2689:
2487:
2457:
2430:
1732:
1303:
1159:
968:
840:
642:
Modern statue of Alfonso as a warrior in the Parque Grande José Antonio Labordeta, Zaragoza
529:
with his brother. He was finally compelled to give way in Castile and León to his stepson,
455:
398:, 1096), which became the largest city in the kingdom and the new capital. He also joined
8:
3751:
3745:
3525:
3441:
3318:
3313:
3232:
3121:
3082:
3072:
3019:
2960:
2941:
2805:
2578:
2568:
2525:
2472:
2425:
2279:
2145:, ed. Antonio Ubieto Arteta (Granada: 1955), 128, quoted in Ubieto Arteta (1958), note 2:
1558:
844:
779:
601:
459:
76:
852:
581:
216:
3793:
3483:
3416:
3380:
3344:
3276:
3077:
3067:
2989:
2984:
2965:
2900:
2830:
2820:
2782:
2764:
2647:
2573:
2563:
2492:
2482:
2462:
2449:
2405:
2217:
2209:
2122:
1373:
1169:
659:
573:
522:
463:
362:
299:
291:
275:
45:
3769:
2840:
2681:
2397:
1760:
909:
796:
686:
678:
638:
467:
295:
30:
3763:
3530:
3354:
3297:
3101:
3053:
3043:
2881:
2810:
2787:
2601:
2550:
2540:
2530:
2467:
2389:
2262:
2221:
2178:. Translated by Brodman, James W. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 203–208.
820:
624:
557:
545:
395:
347:
287:
283:
66:
3669:
3206:
2729:
2410:
2326:
1359:
526:
438:
279:
226:
136:
3835:
3781:
3462:
3457:
3106:
3092:
2975:
2815:
2593:
2502:
2497:
2201:
1869:
1347:
719:
534:
403:
263:
236:
2100:
que non era aquel, e enforcáronlo muy desonradament devant la ciudad de Barcelona.
2918:
2440:
2288:
1895:
Momenti e figure della civiltà europea. Saggi storici e storiografici, voll. I-II
881:
800:
355:
335:
327:
2797:
2269:
2064:
Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France (Correspondance de Louis VII)
870:
711:. It is said he ruled "from Belorado to Pallars and from Bayonne to Monreal."
589:
411:
407:
271:
41:
593:
3857:
3126:
2910:
1970:
1965:
704:
450:
3627:
1983:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 734–735.
3799:
3111:
737:
His final campaigns were against Mequinenza (1133) and Fraga (1134), where
723:
419:
3131:
3014:
537:
brought about an arrangement between the old man and his young namesake.
521:, almost as violently as with his wife. As he defeated her, so he drove
446:
394:
During his brother's reign, he participated in the taking of Huesca (the
311:
302:, in 1109, he began to use, with some justification, the grandiose title
126:
94:
179:
2994:
2213:
1872:
indeed did write Alfonso VII to just this effect, 10 June 1135 or 1136.
904:
also recounts the incident, but it depends entirely on Rodrigo and the
518:
116:
2612:
3161:
3009:
2999:
2354:
1928:, 51–52 (Zaragoza, Institución «Fernando el Católico», 1985), p. 459.
895:
767:
663:
651:
597:
553:
476:
331:
2205:
2176:
Medieval Iberia: Readings from Christian, Muslim, and Jewish Sources
812:
693:
685:. He confirmed a treaty with Castile the next year (1128) with the
3004:
2126:(Madrid: 1793), II, 150–51, quoted in Ubieto Arteta (1958), note 1:
828:
616:
605:
501:
339:
319:
350:. He died in September 1134 after an unsuccessful battle with the
3192:
708:
674:
612:
454:
Being a much better soldier than any of his opponents he won the
388:
351:
278:
from 1104 until his death in 1134. He was the second son of King
211:
584:
through his wife, Urraca. He resumed his conquests in 1117 with
2951:
2933:
771:
746:
620:
585:
426:
399:
343:
1995:"Biography of King of Aragón y Navarra Alfonso I (1073–1134)"
831:
by Alfonso's eventual heir, Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona.
703:
He went north of the Pyrenées in October 1130 to protect the
647:
2017:
533:, son of Urraca and her first husband. The intervention of
509:, bearing his effigy and the inscription ANFUS-REX ARA-GON (
445:
in 1106 to unite the two chief Christian states against the
580:. Then followed a period dominated by his relations with
506:
315:
804:
the two regional factions proceeded to act independently.
517:
The king quarrelled with the church, and particularly the
677:, where he was trying to install a Christian prince, and
2143:
Crónica de los Estados Peninsulares: texto del siglo XIV
2096:, CXIV (1929), 153–4, cited in Ubieto Arteta (1958), 36:
2046:
2044:
1931:
1789:
Candidates for the crowns of Navarre and Aragon in 1134
483:
on the basis that he had three kingdoms under his rule.
1898:(in Italian). Ed. di Storia e Letteratura. p. 178.
314:. He won his greatest military successes in the middle
2041:
2231:
The Contest of Christian and Muslim Spain, 1031-1157
2029:
1922:"Crónica de San Juan de la Peña (Versión aragonesa)"
1902:
908:. It is not until the seventeenth-century historian
876:The earliest chronicle source for the imposture is
791:, as reigning monarch and legitimate descendant of
310:. Alfonso the Battler earned his sobriquet in the
2239:"La aparición del falso Alfonso I el Batallador."
619:. Many Frenchmen consequently joined Alfonso at
3855:
689:, which fixed the boundaries of the two realms.
2196:, King of Aragon and Navarre: A Reassessment".
700:, which had fallen again upon the Cid's death.
2192:Lourie, Elena (1975). "The Will of Alfonso I,
2173:
2023:
3657:
3643:
3177:
2628:
2370:
923:
834:
823:, then betrothing their newborn daughter to
692:He conquered Molina de Aragón and populated
611:In 1118, the Council of Toulouse declared a
479:from the Muslims. He inserted the title of
254: – 7 September 1134), called
16:King of Aragon and Navarre from 1104 to 1134
572:of Zaragoza at Valtierra. In 1107, he took
3650:
3636:
3184:
3170:
2635:
2621:
2377:
2363:
931:Candidates to succeed Alfonso the Battler
807:The choice of the Navarrese lords fell on
306:, formerly employed by his father-in-law,
29:
3437:Frederick I, Duke of Athens and Neopatria
1975:Alphonso s.v. Alphonso I., king of Aragon
3391:William II, Duke of Athens and Neopatria
1969:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
761:
637:
494:
432:
406:. His father gave him the lordships of
2642:
2182:
2035:
815:, descendant of an illegitimate son of
429:), died in 1103 and 1104 respectively.
3856:
3256:Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Provence
3191:
2384:
2228:
2191:
2050:
1937:
1908:
894:, the Battler went on a pilgrimage to
825:Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona
383:His earliest years were passed in the
3631:
3386:Manfred, Duke of Athens and Neopatria
3165:
2616:
2358:
2094:Boletín de la Academia de la Historia
1943:
1926:Cuadernos de Historia Jerónimo Zurita
1768:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1742:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1675:
1673:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1593:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1569:
1567:
1556:
1554:
1544:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1486:
1484:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1444:
1442:
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1434:
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1428:
1426:
1420:
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1408:
1394:
1383:
1381:
1372:
1357:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1314:
1312:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1281:
1279:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1180:
1167:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1139:
1137:
1132:
1119:
1110:
1064:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
987:
976:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
898:, where he lived for many years. The
563:
525:into exile and replaced the abbot of
1854:According to the fourteenth-century
2068:Estudios dedicados a Menéndez Pidal
891:Crónica de los Estados Peninsulares
490:
55:28 September 1104 –
13:
14:
3905:
2062:They were first published in the
1831:Liaison and illegitimate descent
475:; and his prerogative to conquer
391:when Alfonso came to the throne.
2439:
1957:
1860:he died in his sixty-first year
1810:Marriage and legitimate descent
918:Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona
847:; they were carried to Louis by
658:, which was in the hands of the
540:In 1122 in Belchite, he founded
368:Chronicle of San Juan de la Peña
3879:12th-century Navarrese monarchs
3874:12th-century Aragonese monarchs
3599:Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
2347:Alfonso VII of León and Castile
2154:
2135:
2114:
2105:
2086:
2073:
2056:
1863:
3360:Ferdinand, Viscount of Aumelas
2309:Alfonso VI of León and Castile
1987:
1920:Carmen Orcástegui Gros (ed.),
1914:
1886:
1857:Crónica de San Juan de la Peña
1848:
901:Crónica de San Juan de la Peña
707:. Early in 1131, he besieged
1:
3282:Alfonso II, Count of Provence
2200:. 50:4 October (4): 635–651.
1879:
914:Anales de la Corona de Aragón
839:Sometime during the reign of
757:
728:Knights of the Holy Sepulchre
615:to assist in the conquest of
378:
282:and successor of his brother
248:
3889:12th-century Roman Catholics
3541:Peter, Count of Alburquerque
2183:Lacarra, José María (1978).
1780:
361:His nickname comes from the
7:
2229:Reilly, Bernard F. (1995).
192:Abbey of San Pedro el Viejo
10:
3910:
3758:Joan, Countess of Ponthieu
2167:
2024:Constable & Zurro 2012
924:Competitors for succession
835:Pseudo-Alfonso the Battler
696:in 1129, before besieging
542:a confraternity of knights
513:, King Alfonso of Aragon).
203:Urraca of León and Castile
3665:
3659:Royal consorts of Castile
3607:
3586:
3570:
3549:
3518:
3497:
3489:James II, Count of Urgell
3476:
3468:Peter II, Count of Urgell
3450:
3409:
3368:
3332:
3306:
3290:
3269:
3261:Sancho, Count of Provence
3254:Peter, Count of Cerdanya/
3241:
3215:
3199:
3140:
3091:
3052:
3028:
2974:
2950:
2932:
2909:
2872:
2839:
2796:
2763:
2680:
2654:
2592:
2549:
2511:
2448:
2437:
2396:
2343:
2313:
2305:
2295:
2286:
2276:
2267:
2259:
2254:
1818:
1797:
1772:
1740:
1671:
1669:
1649:
1647:
1631:
1629:
1617:
1615:
1597:
1542:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1482:
1480:
1468:
1466:
1458:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1438:
1436:
1424:
1422:
1370:
1355:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1277:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1257:
1255:
1235:
1233:
1221:
1219:
1211:
1209:
1178:
1165:
1130:
1117:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1062:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
985:
974:
857:Principality of Catalonia
650:. He began the siege of
232:
222:
210:
198:
186:
169:
158:
154:
143:
132:
122:
112:
104:
86:
81:García Ramírez of Navarre
72:
62:
51:
40:
28:
23:
3612:also a prince of Majorca
3578:John, Prince of Asturias
3557:Charles, Prince of Viana
3422:James I, Count of Urgell
2237:Ubieto Arteta, Antonio.
1841:
770:) containing the bones (
752:
511:Anfusus rex Aragonensium
505:of Alfonso's, minted at
35:Alfonso's Aragonese coin
3884:Spanish Roman Catholics
3800:Juana Manuel of Castile
3720:Berengaria of Barcelona
3617:also a prince of Sicily
3350:Frederick III of Sicily
1980:Encyclopædia Britannica
878:Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada
286:. With his marriage to
173:7 September 1134 (aged
3536:Henry, Duke of Villena
3432:Frederick IV of Sicily
3396:John, Duke of Randazzo
2151:
2132:
2102:
775:
743:monastery of San Pedro
732:Alfonso VII of Castile
643:
531:Alfonso VII of Castile
514:
267:
3782:Constance of Peñafiel
3776:Constance of Portugal
3688:Constance of Burgundy
2185:Alfonso el Batallador
2146:
2127:
2097:
866:Antonio Ubieto Arteta
861:Third Lateran Council
793:Sancho III of Navarre
765:
641:
627:. He promulgated the
578:San Esteban de Litera
544:to fight against the
498:
433:Matrimonial conflicts
318:, where he conquered
108:1109–7 September 1134
3842:Isabella of Portugal
3830:Isabella of Portugal
3818:Catherine of England
3812:Beatrice of Portugal
3401:James III of Majorca
2317:Emperor of All Spain
906:Estados Peninsulares
841:Alfonso II of Aragon
570:Ahmad II al-Musta'in
456:Battle of Candespina
88:Emperor of All Spain
3752:Elisabeth of Swabia
3746:Mafalda of Portugal
3713:Alfonso I of Aragon
3442:James IV of Majorca
3319:James II of Majorca
3152:King/Queen of Spain
3030:House of Trastámara
2874:House of Trastámara
2513:House of Trastámara
2141:The account in the
845:Louis VII of France
789:Alfonso VII of León
460:Battle of Viadangos
385:monastery of Siresa
290:, queen regnant of
77:Ramiro II of Aragon
3794:Blanche of Bourbon
3740:Eleanor of England
3682:Agnes of Aquitaine
3594:Charles I of Spain
3484:Martin I of Sicily
3381:Peter II of Sicily
3193:Infantes of Aragon
2765:House of Champagne
2720:García Sánchez III
2450:House of Barcelona
2187:. Guara Editorial.
2123:De rebus Hispaniae
2081:Antipope Victor IV
1940:, p. 133–134.
817:García Sánchez III
776:
660:count of Barcelona
644:
574:Tamarite de Litera
564:Military expansion
523:Archbishop Bernard
515:
443:Alfonso VI of León
402:'s expeditions in
3894:Jure uxoris kings
3851:
3850:
3806:Eleanor of Aragon
3788:Maria of Portugal
3764:Violant of Aragon
3733:Blanca of Navarre
3726:Richeza of Poland
3625:
3624:
3355:Sancho of Majorca
3159:
3158:
3054:House of Habsburg
2710:García Sánchez II
2610:
2609:
2551:House of Habsburg
2353:
2352:
2344:Succeeded by
2296:Succeeded by
2277:Succeeded by
1839:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1807:
1806:
1776:
1775:
821:Duke of Aquitaine
633:tortum per tortum
625:Battle of Cutanda
558:Monreal del Campo
396:Battle of Alcoraz
348:Monreal del Campo
322:in 1118 and took
242:
241:
150: (1126–1134)
3901:
3836:Joan of Portugal
3652:
3645:
3638:
3629:
3628:
3618:
3613:
3186:
3179:
3172:
3163:
3162:
3093:House of Bourbon
2976:House of Bourbon
2700:García Sánchez I
2682:House of Jiménez
2655:House of Íñiguez
2637:
2630:
2623:
2614:
2613:
2594:House of Bourbon
2443:
2398:House of Jiménez
2379:
2372:
2365:
2356:
2355:
2306:Preceded by
2260:Preceded by
2252:
2251:
2234:
2225:
2188:
2179:
2161:
2158:
2152:
2139:
2133:
2118:
2112:
2109:
2103:
2090:
2084:
2077:
2071:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2001:. Archived from
1991:
1985:
1984:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1954:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1890:
1873:
1870:Pope Innocent II
1867:
1861:
1852:
1816:
1815:
1795:
1794:
1784:
1778:
1777:
937:
936:
928:
927:
853:Bishop of Lleida
720:Knights Templars
716:siege of Bayonne
582:Castile and León
535:Pope Calixtus II
491:Church relations
304:Emperor of Spain
253:
252: 1073/1074
250:
237:Felicie de Roucy
217:House of Jiménez
100:
99:
58:
57:7 September 1134
33:
21:
20:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3824:Maria of Aragon
3770:María de Molina
3661:
3656:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3603:
3587:17th generation
3582:
3571:16th generation
3566:
3550:15th generation
3545:
3519:14th generation
3514:
3498:13th generation
3493:
3477:12th generation
3472:
3451:11th generation
3446:
3427:Louis of Sicily
3410:10th generation
3405:
3364:
3328:
3302:
3286:
3265:
3237:
3211:
3195:
3190:
3160:
3155:
3136:
3095:- Upper Navarre
3087:
3056:- Upper Navarre
3048:
3032:- Upper Navarre
3024:
2978:- Lower Navarre
2970:
2954:- Lower Navarre
2952:House of Albret
2946:
2934:House of Albret
2928:
2919:Francis Phoebus
2905:
2868:
2841:House of Évreux
2835:
2792:
2759:
2676:
2650:
2641:
2611:
2606:
2588:
2545:
2507:
2444:
2435:
2392:
2383:
2349:
2333:
2323:
2321:
2311:
2301:
2292:
2289:King of Navarre
2282:
2273:
2265:
2206:10.2307/2855471
2170:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2140:
2136:
2120:The account in
2119:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2091:
2087:
2078:
2074:
2061:
2057:
2049:
2042:
2034:
2030:
2022:
2018:
2008:
2006:
2005:on 17 June 2019
1993:
1992:
1988:
1973:, ed. (1911). "
1958:
1956:
1955:
1944:
1936:
1932:
1919:
1915:
1907:
1903:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1876:
1868:
1864:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1786:
1782:
1764:
1762:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1736:
1734:
1716:
1714:
1699:
1697:
1590:
1588:
1575:
1573:
1562:
1560:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1537:
1535:
1521:
1519:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1377:
1375:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1351:
1349:
1335:
1333:
1319:
1317:
1307:
1305:
1173:
1171:
1161:
1143:
1125:
1123:
1114:
1112:
989:
980:
970:
926:
910:Jerónimo Zurita
882:battle of Fraga
837:
797:Pedro de Atarés
760:
755:
687:Peace of Támara
656:besieged Lleida
566:
550:Militia Christi
493:
435:
381:
365:version of the
356:Battle of Fraga
251:
206:(annulled 1112)
205:
194:
178:
91:
90:
79:
56:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3907:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3839:
3833:
3827:
3821:
3815:
3809:
3803:
3797:
3791:
3785:
3779:
3773:
3767:
3761:
3755:
3749:
3743:
3737:
3729:
3723:
3717:
3709:
3703:
3697:
3691:
3685:
3679:
3673:
3670:Sancha of León
3666:
3663:
3662:
3655:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3632:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3614:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3590:
3588:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3559:
3553:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3507:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3372:
3370:
3369:9th generation
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3336:
3334:
3333:8th generation
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3310:
3308:
3307:7th generation
3304:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3294:
3292:
3291:6th generation
3288:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3270:5th generation
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3252:
3245:
3243:
3242:4th generation
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3219:
3217:
3216:2nd generation
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3203:
3201:
3200:1st generation
3197:
3196:
3189:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3166:
3157:
3156:
3148:King of France
3144:King of Aragon
3141:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3098:
3096:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3059:
3057:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3035:
3033:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2979:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2957:
2955:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2938:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2915:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2878:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2802:
2800:
2798:House of Capet
2794:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2769:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2745:García Ramírez
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2686:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2667:García Íñiguez
2664:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2640:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2617:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2598:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2555:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2454:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2402:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2382:
2381:
2374:
2367:
2359:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2342:
2327:Urraca of León
2312:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2299:García Ramírez
2297:
2294:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2275:
2270:King of Aragon
2266:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2255:Regnal titles
2250:
2249:
2248:(1958), 29–38.
2235:
2226:
2189:
2180:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2153:
2134:
2113:
2104:
2085:
2072:
2055:
2053:, p. 645.
2040:
2028:
2026:, p. 203.
2016:
1986:
1971:Chisholm, Hugh
1942:
1930:
1913:
1911:, p. 639.
1901:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1862:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1781:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1741:
1739:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1568:
1566:
1555:
1553:
1543:
1541:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1382:
1380:
1371:
1369:
1356:
1354:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1313:
1311:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
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3127:Ferdinand III
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451:queen regnant
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268:el Batallador
265:
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68:
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54:
50:
47:
43:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3864:1070s births
3731:
3712:
3711:
3562:Ferdinand II
3227:
3112:Ferdinand II
2893:
2886:
2739:
2662:Íñigo Arista
2536:Ferdinand II
2420:
2339:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2315:
2314:
2287:
2268:
2245:
2241:
2233:. Blackwell.
2230:
2197:
2193:
2184:
2175:
2156:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2128:
2121:
2116:
2107:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2075:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2036:Lacarra 1978
2031:
2019:
2007:. Retrieved
2003:the original
1999:TheBiography
1998:
1989:
1978:
1933:
1925:
1916:
1904:
1894:
1888:
1865:
1855:
1850:
1746:Berenguer IV
1711:
1694:
1570:
1557:
1545:
1532:
1358:
1330:
1302:
1168:
1140:
1133:
1120:
977:
969:Muniadona of
913:
905:
899:
889:
875:
838:
806:
777:
736:
724:Hospitallers
713:
702:
691:
668:
645:
632:
628:
610:
567:
549:
539:
516:
510:
500:
485:
480:
436:
424:
393:
382:
372:
366:
360:
259:
255:
244:
243:
174:
162:
144:Anti-emperor
93:
18:
3869:1134 deaths
3844:(1526–1539)
3838:(1454–1474)
3832:(1447–1454)
3826:(1418–1445)
3820:(1390–1406)
3814:(1383–1390)
3808:(1379–1382)
3802:(1369–1379)
3796:(1353–1361)
3790:(1328–1350)
3784:(1325–1327)
3778:(1302–1312)
3772:(1284–1295)
3766:(1252–1284)
3760:(1237–1253)
3754:(1219–1235)
3748:(1215–1216)
3742:(1177–1214)
3736:(1151–1156)
3728:(1152–1157)
3722:(1128–1149)
3716:(1109–1115)
3708:(1108–1109)
3702:(1100–1107)
3696:(1094–1099)
3690:(1079–1093)
3684:(1072–1077)
3678:(1070–1072)
3672:(1037–1065)
3340:Alfonso III
3122:Charles VII
3039:Ferdinand I
2859:Charles III
2778:Theobald II
2584:Charles III
2521:Ferdinand I
2478:Alfonso III
2340:(1126–1134)
2336:Alfonso VII
2331:(1109–1126)
2149:conoscido..
2051:Lourie 1975
1938:Reilly 1995
1909:Lourie 1975
1717:and Castile
1713:Alfonso VII
1538:and Castile
1336:and Castile
1142:Ferdinand I
1126:of Pamplona
1124:Sánchez III
981:of Pamplona
912:penned his
886:Montearagón
784:Benedictine
683:Alfonso VII
594:Cintruénigo
519:Cistercians
312:Reconquista
260:the Warrior
256:the Battler
165:. 1073/1074
148:Alfonso VII
139:(1109–1126)
127:Alfonso VII
113:Predecessor
95:jure uxoris
63:Predecessor
3858:Categories
3376:Alfonso IV
3250:Alfonso II
3132:Isabella I
3117:Charles VI
3102:Philip VII
3063:Charles IV
2895:Blanche II
2888:Charles IV
2854:Charles II
2849:Philip III
2773:Theobald I
2755:Sancho VII
2715:Sancho III
2579:Charles II
2574:Philip III
2488:Alfonso IV
2458:Alfonso II
2431:Petronilla
2293:1104–1134
2274:1104–1134
1880:References
1733:Petronilla
1700:of Navarre
1576:and Aragon
1574:of Navarre
1366:and Aragon
1364:of Navarre
1332:Alfonso VI
1320:Uncastillo
1134:(mistress)
979:Sancho III
811:, Lord of
758:Succession
726:, and the
705:Val d'Aran
602:Monteagudo
546:Almoravids
447:Almoravids
379:Early life
308:Alfonso VI
133:Co-monarch
117:Alfonso VI
3526:Alfonso V
3314:Peter III
3233:Ramiro II
3228:Alfonso I
3083:Charles V
3078:Philip VI
3068:Philip IV
3020:Charles V
3000:Louis III
2990:Henry III
2924:Catherine
2864:Blanche I
2826:Charles I
2821:Philip II
2750:Sancho VI
2740:Alfonso I
2725:Sancho IV
2705:Sancho II
2602:Philip IV
2569:Philip II
2559:Charles I
2526:Alfonso V
2473:Peter III
2426:Ramiro II
2421:Alfonso I
2322:1109–1134
2280:Ramiro II
2242:Argensola
2222:159659007
1750:Barcelona
1591:of Atarés
1559:Ramiro II
1522:of Monzón
1391:Ribagorza
1318:Garcés of
1304:Sancho IV
1160:Garsendis
1115:Barcelona
1111:Stephanie
896:Jerusalem
768:reliquary
664:Andalusia
652:Calatayud
598:Murchante
554:Holy Land
481:imperator
477:Andalusia
363:Aragonese
332:Calatayud
245:Alfonso I
123:Successor
73:Successor
24:Alfonso I
3706:Beatrice
3417:Peter IV
3345:James II
3277:Peter II
3207:Sancho I
3107:Louis II
3073:Philip V
3044:Joan III
3015:Louis VI
3005:Louis IV
2995:Louis II
2966:Joan III
2961:Henry II
2942:John III
2806:Philip I
2730:Sancho V
2690:Sancho I
2644:Monarchs
2564:Philip I
2493:Peter IV
2483:James II
2463:Peter II
2406:Ramiro I
2386:Monarchs
2198:Speculum
1748:Count of
1389:Count of
1374:Isabella
1170:Ramiro I
990:of Aybar
849:Berengar
829:Zaragoza
698:Valencia
673:against
671:campaign
617:Zaragoza
606:Cascante
502:denarius
458:and the
404:Valencia
340:Tarazona
320:Zaragoza
180:Poleñino
3676:Alberta
3531:John II
3298:James I
3223:Peter I
3150:. Also
3146:. Also
3010:Louis V
2985:Antoine
2901:Eleanor
2882:John II
2831:Joan II
2811:Louis I
2783:Henry I
2735:Peter I
2648:Navarre
2531:John II
2468:James I
2416:Peter I
2263:Peter I
2214:2855471
2168:Sources
2009:17 June
1968::
1715:of León
1698:Ramírez
1589:Sánchez
1572:Peter I
1550:Battler
1546:Alfonso
1536:of León
1520:Sánchez
1387:Ramírez
1362:Ramírez
1348:Felicia
1334:of León
1308:Navarre
1162:of Foix
1144:of León
971:Castile
766:A box (
714:At the
709:Bayonne
679:Córdoba
675:Granada
613:crusade
590:Corella
552:of the
527:Sahagún
473:Gonzalo
464:Castile
416:Ardenes
389:Pedrola
354:at the
352:Muslims
300:Galicia
292:Castile
284:Peter I
276:Navarre
270:), was
264:Spanish
182:, Spain
67:Peter I
46:Navarre
3700:Isabel
3694:Bertha
3510:Martin
3463:Martin
3458:John I
3324:Sancho
3248:Ramon/
2816:John I
2788:Joan I
2541:Joanna
2503:Martin
2498:John I
2411:Sancho
2390:Aragon
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1765:Atarés
1737:Aragon
1696:García
1587:García
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1385:Sancho
1378:Urgell
1360:Sancho
1316:Sancho
1174:Aragon
1122:García
988:Sancha
851:, the
813:Monzón
780:Ramiro
772:relics
747:Huesca
722:, the
694:Monzón
621:Ayerbe
604:, and
586:Fitero
427:El Cid
418:, and
400:El Cid
346:, and
344:Daroca
328:Tudela
288:Urraca
233:Mother
223:Father
199:Spouse
187:Burial
137:Urraca
3505:Peter
3142:Also
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1842:Notes
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753:Death
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316:Ebro
298:and
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274:and
170:Died
159:Born
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