72:
2220:
614:
56:
79:
457:
rangers and three members of the
Congolese armed forces in three conflicts in 2015, and more were killed in October. In April 2016, poachers shot and killed three rangers, and wounded others (including Garamba's manager at the time), and two park rangers were killed by elephant poachers in April 2017. According to photojournalist
538:
subspecies. Poaching has reduced the park's elephant population in recent decades. There were around 2,800 elephants in 2011. In 2017, there were estimated to be fewer than 2,000 elephants in
Garamba, a significant decline from the approximately 20,000 reported in the 1960s and 1970s. 22 elephants
374:
provided funding for patrol vehicles in 1994, and ranger salaries in 1995. In
February 1996, two rhinos—one male, Bawesi, and Juliet, a pregnant female—were killed. Garamba was added back to the danger list in 1996 because of northern white rhinoceros poaching. Following a number of defeats during
456:
have used the park for sanctuary. In 2009, the guerrilla group attacked
Garamba's Nagero station, killing at least eight people, including two park rangers, and wounding an additional thirteen. Rebels also stole food and fuel, and destroyed several of the park's buildings. Poachers killed five
2165:
560:
said there were 86 in 2003 and only 38 in 2016. There are 71 giraffes in the park, as of 2022. In 2024, African Parks reported over 80 Kordofan giraffes. Poaching is the greatest threat to
Garamba's giraffe population.
2067:
576:. In 2003–2004, there were reportedly between 20 and 25 white rhinos in the park. In 2023, restoration efforts led to 16 white rhinos being moved from a private game reserve in South Africa to the park.
2158:
370:, resulting in increased poaching. There were reportedly 121 conflicts between poachers and park rangers between 1993 and 1995, and more than 900 weapons recovered by rangers during 1991–1996. The
2076:
693:
De Merode, E., Hillman-Smith, K., Nicholas, A., Ndey, A. and
Likango, M. (2000). "The spatial correlates of wildlife distribution around Garamba National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo".
2421:
2151:
1336:
1932:
De Merode, E.; Hillman-Smith, K; Nicholas, A.; Ndey, A.; Likango, M. (2000). "The spatial correlates of wildlife distribution around
Garamba National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo".
448:
Poachers have killed at least 21 park rangers in the last decade, as of 2017, and security concerns have contributed to
Garamba's struggle to establish itself as a tourist destination.
343:: Guinea-Congolian and Guinean-Sudanese savanna. These two biogeographic zones support a variety of wildlife, which have experienced population declines in recent decades because of
2060:
752:
2406:
327:
Garamba
National Park was established in 1938 and covers an area of 4,900 km (1,900 sq mi) in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is bounded by
2053:
71:
2426:
348:
316:
366:'s List of World Heritage in Danger from 1984–1992. Between 1991 and 1993, 50,000 Sudanese refugees settled outside Garamba after being displaced by the
423:
363:
1988:
1260:
2396:
2219:
728:
647:
814:
484:
posthumously awarded the
Disruptor Award to rangers killed protecting Garamba "for their work and bravery in defending elephants", in April 2017.
1521:
1303:
404:
1552:
1410:
111:
2411:
778:
1592:
2416:
2254:
1382:
619:
427:
1127:
642:
237:
2401:
1656:
1474:
1442:
1989:"Why Hong Kong should say no to ivory chopsticks: African park warden shot trying to stop elephant poaching appeals to city"
1838:
1745:
1794:
1666:
1218:
2300:
1313:
2290:
1529:
1070:
950:
367:
2178:
1722:
1620:
1479:
637:
632:
573:
328:
284:
244:
87:
568:. Only fifteen northern white rhinos were reported in Garamba in the mid 1980s, prompting the park's inclusion on
465:, thirteen park rangers and military personnel were killed defending Garamba between January 2015 and April 2017.
627:
339:
zone. The park is one of Africa's oldest protected areas. It lies in the transition zone between two centres of
2143:
757:
371:
41:
287:
covering nearly 5,200 km (2,000 sq mi). It is among Africa's oldest parks and was designated a
1661:
556:
414:
African Parks' anti-poaching efforts have reportedly been successful at reducing animal deaths. According to
2194:
2092:
2034:
542:
Reported giraffe population sizes have varied, but show a general decline in the 90s and 00s. According to
400:
396:
384:
523:, and lions. The park hosts the Democratic Republic of Congo's only remaining population of giraffes, the
2360:
2350:
2345:
2247:
1896:
Prunier, Gérard (July 2004). "Rebel Movements and Proxy Warfare: Uganda, Sudan and the Congo (1986–99)".
587:
692:
942:
2391:
2320:
2045:
565:
453:
380:
296:
1973:
1946:
2340:
2285:
2097:
1993:
442:
215:
2335:
2330:
2112:
535:
336:
17:
2355:
2240:
2199:
1941:
877:
1515:
936:
539:
were killed in 2012, and in 2014 poachers killed 68 of Garamba's elephants within two months.
2370:
2325:
2275:
2209:
2204:
2132:
2122:
1804:
1337:"Elephant poachers kill three rangers at a wildlife park in the Democratic Republic of Congo"
1056:
998:
722:
531:
481:
1219:"Kony 2013: U.S. Quietly Intensifies Effort to Help African Troops Capture Infamous Warlord"
2127:
2102:
1176:
973:
548:, the population's recorded peak was 300 in 1976, and more than 100 were reported in 2008.
438:
392:
8:
2315:
2174:
2117:
2107:
1870:
1750:
1557:
1415:
408:
362:
The park was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1980, and was included on the
288:
185:
2310:
2280:
1959:
1913:
1304:"Four rangers from the patrol team killed by poachers in Congo's Garamba National Park"
1062:
819:
710:
1808:
1799:
1763:
1755:
1670:
1630:
1566:
1525:
1484:
1354:
1346:
1278:
1270:
1066:
946:
899:
891:
832:
824:
770:
762:
586:
Interactions between people and wild animals in and around the park has resulted in
2018:
1963:
1951:
1905:
1553:"Nearly 70 elephants slaughtered by poachers at national park in Africa: officials"
714:
702:
524:
512:
300:
2009:
1678:
1492:
2365:
1848:
1843:
1771:
1700:
1447:
1341:
1226:
1155:"State of Conservation: Garamba National Park (Democratic Republic of the Congo)"
527:
subspecies, and one of the country's largest remaining populations of elephants.
477:
473:
376:
272:
55:
2173:
1816:
2232:
882:
419:
1955:
706:
480:
about the park's rangers and their efforts to protect Garamba's wildlife. The
2385:
2263:
1812:
1759:
1674:
1634:
1452:
1358:
1350:
1274:
1261:"Two wildlife rangers killed by poachers in Democratic Republic of the Congo"
903:
895:
828:
774:
766:
580:
499:
Garamba is home to a variety of mammal species, including various species of
312:
280:
165:
126:
113:
45:
1488:
1282:
887:
1909:
1767:
1570:
1265:
836:
590:. Local and South Sudanese poachers hunt for elephants, often in search of
520:
304:
496:. Some of the Garamba's grasses can grow as high as 10 feet (3.0 m).
591:
458:
449:
332:
1917:
1593:"68 elephants killed in the last two months at African wildlife refuge"
1308:
1026:
431:
2075:
594:. Garamba's wildlife are also impacted by groups such as the Huda and
2026:
1625:
1154:
550:
399:
took refuge in Garamba National Park in 1997. Organizations like the
227:
667:
1978:
1387:
1383:"Armed poachers killing rangers who defend elephants in Congo park"
1132:
674:. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
544:
504:
500:
344:
340:
1931:
170:
599:
595:
516:
411:
have also worked with local authorities to rehabilitate Garamba.
308:
1795:"Congolese rebel troops push rare white rhino toward extinction"
815:"Elephants Dying in Epic Frenzy as Ivory Fuels Wars and Profits"
2295:
569:
493:
388:
292:
938:
The Market for Force: The Consequences of Privatizing Security
1562:
1128:"DRC's Garamba National Park: The last giraffes of the Congo"
508:
171:
l'Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature (ICCN)
2422:
World Heritage Sites in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
554:
said there were 356 giraffes in 1993, and only 86 by 2007.
1517:
Antelopes: Global Survey and Regional Action Plans, Part 3
351:, work to protect Garamba from poachers and rebel groups.
1597:
1197:
1030:
422:
and private donors. Other contributors have included the
415:
492:
The park's savannah grasslands support a low density of
468:
In 2017, National Geographic Documentary Films released
2019:"Important Bird Areas factsheet: Garamba National Park"
1974:"Saving the wildlife 'miracle' of Congo's Garamba park"
1411:"African park ranger hits out at Hong Kong ivory trade"
1027:"Prince William in plan to tackle wildlife trafficking"
579:
138 mammal species and 286 bird species, including the
2407:
National parks of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1086:
753:"Go on Patrol with Elephant Guardians in New 360 Film"
1483:. Arlington Heights, Illinois: Paddock Publications.
335:
on the north and northeast. It is part of the Sudano–
27:
National Park in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
609:
349:
Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
317:
Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature
974:"World Heritage Committee: Eighth Ordinary Session"
530:Garamba's elephants are considered a hybrid of the
295:in 1980 for its protection of critical habitat for
2077:National Parks of the Democratic Republic of Congo
2016:
564:The park once had the last wild population of the
424:United States Agency for International Development
2383:
2262:
648:Wildlife of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
418:, Garamba's management has been financed by the
437:Since 2005, the protected area is considered a
347:. ICCN rangers, augmented with soldiers of the
1522:International Union for Conservation of Nature
1216:
1210:
405:International Union for Conservation of Nature
2248:
2159:
2061:
1443:"Where Terrorism and the Ivory Trade Collide"
999:"World Heritage Committee: Twentieth Session"
78:
2223:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
727:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
461:, who filmed in Garamba for her documentary
311:. Garamba National Park has been managed by
1334:
1328:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1121:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
359:The national park was established in 1938.
2255:
2241:
2166:
2152:
2068:
2054:
1657:"Why Is This Rare Giraffe Almost Extinct?"
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
750:
470:The Protectors: Walk in the Rangers' Shoes
331:on the west, south, and east, and borders
1971:
1945:
1436:
1434:
1217:Chandrasekaran, Rajiv (29 October 2013).
1054:
812:
2427:Northern Congolian forest–savanna mosaic
2397:1938 establishments in the Belgian Congo
2035:"9 things you didn't know about Garamba"
1968:Note: Published online 25 November 2010.
1654:
1648:
1612:
1258:
1241:
1050:
1048:
793:
1972:Mcconnell, Tristan (18 February 2016).
1934:International Journal of Remote Sensing
1895:
1618:
1125:
1098:
1092:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
871:
869:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
695:International Journal of Remote Sensing
620:Democratic Republic of the Congo portal
428:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
14:
2384:
1792:
1786:
1723:"KORDOFAN GIRAFFE CONSERVATION IN DRC"
1440:
1431:
1377:
1375:
643:List of World Heritage Sites in Africa
2236:
2147:
2049:
1863:
1831:
1743:
1737:
1693:
1472:
1466:
1345:. London: Independent Print Limited.
1045:
1021:
1019:
934:
875:
660:
146:5,200 km (2,000 sq mi)
1986:
1667:Christian Science Publishing Society
1655:Hinckley, Story (28 February 2016).
1545:
1513:
1507:
1475:"Kathryn Bigelow on VR: 'I Love It'"
917:
850:
751:Actman, Jani; Bale, Rachael (2017).
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
2412:Protected areas established in 1938
2301:Ennedi Natural and Cultural Reserve
1621:"Congo giraffes near to extinction"
1619:Starkey, Jerome (16 January 2016).
1590:
1584:
1372:
1335:Staufenberg, Jess (26 April 2016).
1314:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1296:
1200:Conservation Strategy for the Lion
24:
2291:Bazaruto Archipelago National Park
2218:
1925:
1839:"Warning over loss of white rhino"
1259:Dasgupta, Shreya (25 April 2017).
1198:IUCN Cat Specialist Group (2006).
1055:Heale, Jay; Yong, Jui Lin (2009).
1016:
935:Avant, Deborah D. (25 July 2005).
583:, have been recorded in the park.
487:
25:
2438:
2002:
1793:Bisset, Susan (10 October 2003).
1725:. Giraffe Conservation Foundation
735:
2179:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1871:"Making Moves to Save a Species"
1058:Democratic Republic of the Congo
638:List of World Heritage in Danger
633:List of national parks in Africa
612:
574:List of World Heritage in Danger
441:Conservation Unit together with
329:Gangala-na-Bodio Hunting Reserve
285:Democratic Republic of the Congo
101:Democratic Republic of the Congo
88:Democratic Republic of the Congo
77:
70:
54:
2029:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
1715:
1403:
1206:. Pretoria, South Africa: IUCN.
1191:
1169:
1147:
628:List of largest protected areas
2417:World Heritage Sites in Danger
1889:
1204:in Eastern and Southern Africa
1126:Nicolon, Thomas (9 May 2017).
991:
966:
686:
434:, according to African Parks.
372:International Rhino Foundation
368:Sudan People's Liberation Army
13:
1:
1847:. 21 May 2004. Archived from
1744:Sieff, Kevin (17 June 2015).
1662:The Christian Science Monitor
1473:Coyle, Jake (23 April 2017).
653:
557:The Christian Science Monitor
2402:African Parks (organisation)
1441:Brooks, Kate (13 May 2017).
672:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
401:Frankfurt Zoological Society
7:
2361:Siniaka-Minia National Park
2351:Odzala-Kokoua National Park
2346:Nkhotakota Wildlife Reserve
1987:Chan, Tessa (9 June 2017).
1746:"Lumbering into Extinction"
1591:Min, Ariel (13 June 2014).
605:
322:
297:northern white rhinoceroses
277:Parc national de la Garamba
10:
2443:
2195:Kahuzi-Biega National Park
943:Cambridge University Press
430:, Wildcat Foundation, and
354:
186:UNESCO World Heritage Site
2321:Liuwa Plain National Park
2271:
2216:
2185:
2083:
1956:10.1080/01431160050110223
707:10.1080/01431160050110223
566:northern white rhinoceros
381:Second Sudanese Civil War
262:
258:
243:
233:
223:
208:
200:
192:
183:
179:
158:
150:
142:
105:
97:
65:
53:
39:
34:
2341:Matusadona National Park
2286:Bandingilo National Park
2017:BirdLife International.
2012:. African Parks Network.
1994:South China Morning Post
1940:(13–14): 2, 665–2, 683.
476:documentary directed by
443:Domaine Chasse Bili Uere
315:in partnership with the
2336:Mangochi Forest Reserve
2331:Majete Wildlife Reserve
2027:"Garamba National Park"
1701:"Garamba National Park"
668:"Garamba National Park"
598:(or "Mbororo") seeking
588:human–wildlife conflict
60:Aerial view of the park
2356:Pendjari National Park
2224:
2200:Okapi Wildlife Reserve
813:Gettleman, J. (2012).
503:, as well as buffalo,
454:Lord's Resistance Army
276:
2371:Zakouma National Park
2326:Liwonde National Park
2306:Garamba National Park
2276:Akagera National Park
2222:
2210:Virunga National Park
2205:Salonga National Park
2190:Garamba National Park
1805:Sun-Times Media Group
878:"Shootout in Garamba"
482:Tribeca Film Festival
385:Operation Thunderbolt
283:in the north-eastern
269:Garamba National Park
35:Garamba National Park
2175:World Heritage Sites
1910:10.1093/afraf/adh050
1004:. UNESCO. p. 32
945:. pp. 205–206.
701:(13–14): 2665–2683.
2316:Kafue National Park
1751:The Washington Post
1558:New York Daily News
1223:The Washington Post
1177:"Partners: Garamba"
758:National Geographic
409:World Wildlife Fund
383:, most importantly
289:World Heritage Site
159:Governing body
123: /
2311:Iona National Park
2281:Bangweulu Wetlands
2225:
1514:East, Rod (1990).
1229:on 16 January 2015
1063:Marshall Cavendish
876:Canby, P. (2016).
820:The New York Times
364:specialized agency
224:Reference no.
2379:
2378:
2230:
2229:
2141:
2140:
2039:Africa Geographic
1800:Chicago Sun-Times
513:giant forest hogs
301:African elephants
266:
265:
219:
16:(Redirected from
2434:
2392:IUCN Category II
2257:
2250:
2243:
2234:
2233:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2145:
2144:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2030:
2022:
2013:
1998:
1983:
1967:
1949:
1921:
1904:(412): 359–383.
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1851:on 13 April 2018
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1819:on 13 April 2018
1815:. Archived from
1790:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1774:on 13 April 2018
1770:. Archived from
1741:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1681:on 13 April 2018
1677:. Archived from
1652:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1565:. 13 June 2014.
1549:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1495:on 13 April 2018
1491:. Archived from
1470:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1438:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1379:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1316:. 9 October 2015
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1256:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1225:. Archived from
1214:
1208:
1207:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1123:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1052:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1023:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1003:
995:
989:
988:
986:
984:
978:
970:
964:
963:
961:
959:
932:
915:
914:
912:
910:
873:
848:
847:
845:
843:
810:
791:
790:
788:
786:
777:. Archived from
748:
733:
732:
726:
718:
690:
684:
683:
681:
679:
664:
622:
617:
616:
615:
463:The Last Animals
213:
138:
137:
135:
134:
133:
128:
127:4.000°N 29.250°E
124:
121:
120:
119:
116:
86:Location in the
81:
80:
74:
58:
32:
31:
21:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2366:W National Park
2267:
2261:
2231:
2226:
2214:
2181:
2172:
2142:
2137:
2079:
2074:
2033:
2025:
2008:
2005:
1947:10.1.1.631.7533
1928:
1926:Further reading
1898:African Affairs
1892:
1887:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1873:. African Parks
1869:
1868:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1844:The Irish Times
1837:
1836:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1791:
1787:
1777:
1775:
1742:
1738:
1728:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1706:
1704:
1703:. African Parks
1699:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1682:
1653:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1617:
1613:
1603:
1601:
1589:
1585:
1575:
1573:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1524:. p. 131.
1512:
1508:
1498:
1496:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1455:
1448:The Daily Beast
1439:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1394:
1392:
1381:
1380:
1373:
1363:
1361:
1342:The Independent
1333:
1329:
1319:
1317:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1287:
1285:
1257:
1242:
1232:
1230:
1215:
1211:
1196:
1192:
1182:
1180:
1179:. African Parks
1175:
1174:
1170:
1160:
1158:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1138:
1136:
1124:
1099:
1091:
1087:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1053:
1046:
1036:
1034:
1033:. 15 March 2016
1025:
1024:
1017:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
996:
992:
982:
980:
976:
972:
971:
967:
957:
955:
953:
933:
918:
908:
906:
874:
851:
841:
839:
811:
794:
784:
782:
749:
736:
720:
719:
691:
687:
677:
675:
666:
665:
661:
656:
618:
613:
611:
608:
532:African savanna
490:
488:Flora and fauna
478:Kathryn Bigelow
474:virtual reality
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1707:27 February
459:Kate Brooks
450:Joseph Kony
333:South Sudan
151:Established
130: /
106:Coordinates
2386:Categories
2098:Kundelungu
1629:. London.
1309:ABC Online
1269:. London.
1183:4 December
1161:4 December
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432:World Bank
249:1984–1984;
245:Endangered
209:Designated
2113:Mangroves
2010:"Garamba"
1942:CiteSeerX
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606:See also
545:Mongabay
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