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1082:(IMF). Price increases in late March 1985 were considered to be a major trigger factor for protests. Eight doctors', lawyers' and university lecturers' associations called for a protest on 3 April and a "general political strike until the abolition of the current regime". Massive demonstrations took place in Khartoum and around Sudan on 3 April. The general strike took place up to 6 April, when Nimeiry was deposed, with a high effectiveness in shutting down governance of Sudan. The use of massive
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elected head of the
Alliance of Peoples' Working Forces. Splits occurred amongst the supporters of Nimeiry with some endorsing the partnership with the National Congress and others alleging that the National Congress reneged on the merger agreement and did not properly implement it. The splinter groups formed the May Socialist Union which took part in the parliamentary elections in
991:. American aid increased from $ 5 million in 1979 to $ 200 million in 1983 and then to $ 254 million in 1985, mainly for military programs. Sudan thus becomes the second largest recipient of US aid to Africa (after Egypt). The United states constructed four air bases to house Rapid Deployment Force units and a powerful listening station for the
1074:, who said that Nimeiry had "begun to alienate almost every sector of Sudanese society". Major complaints included the obligatory use of Islamic law throughout Sudan, which upset non-Muslims, especially in the southern part of Sudan, and price increases resulting from an economic austerity program implemented under pressure from the
1200:
790:
would discover oil reserves in South-Central Sudan in 1979. In general he began a more moderate economic policy, where some banks and industries were returned to private ownership (although the state was still in control of much of the economy) and foreign investment was encouraged, as evidenced by a
1152:
Nimeiry died of natural causes in his home in
Omdurman on 30 May 2009. Tens of thousands turned up to his official funeral including members of Sudan's political forces that had opposed his rule. After Nimeiry's death in May 2009, former Revolutionary Command Council member Khaled Hassan Abbass was
660:
were all out of the country at the time "either on official or private visits," so the "time chosen was opportune." On 26 May, he suspended the constitution, dissolved the
Supreme Council, the National Assembly, and the Civil Service Commission, and ordered that all political parties disband. That
1043:
information such as what citizens' organised or demographic groups were involved; what/where the strike and other civil disobedience occurred; repression from the authorities; who/when/where/how army officers reacted and decided on a coup; how the protestors reacted to the repression, detentions,
758:
fighter aircraft; Mao Zedong also provided Sudan with interest-free loans, and
Chinese state companies began constructing a number of public works in Sudan, including factories, roads, bridges and conference centers. Sudanese collaboration with China continued even after Nimeiry was overthrown in
600:
On 28 December 1966, Lieutenant
Hussein Osman with other young Communist officers tried to seize the presidential palace and the central post office, but failed. Among the 400 people arrested after the coup attempt failed was Colonel Gaafar Nimeiry, then commanding the Eastern Command. He was
1204:
959:
south. In violation of the Addis Ababa
Agreement he dissolved the southern Sudanese government and reformed the administrative boundaries of the south into three smaller regions to correspond with the pre-1972 provinces that the south was governed under. This prompted the start of the
766:
by
Communist members of the armed forces, led by Brigadier Hassan Hussein Osman, failed to remove Nimeiry from power. General Elbagir, Nimeiry's deputy, led a counter coup that brought Nimeiry back within few hours. Brigadier Osman was wounded and later court martialed and executed.
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against the
Sudanese government, but there was not enough evidence to prove that he was involved. He was interrogated again about a failed coup attempt led by an officer named Khalid Yusuf, but the investigation did not find anything to criminalize Nimeiry in the attempted coup.
1137:, but did poorly, obtaining only 9.6% of the votes in elections that were boycotted by the Sudanese opposition and alleged to be rigged. In 2005, Nimeiry's party, the Alliance of the Peoples' Working Forces signed a merger agreement with the ruling
711:
and ushered in an 11-year period of peace and stability to the region. In 1973 he drafted a new constitution which declared Sudan to be a democratic, socialist state and gave considerable power to the office of
President.
668:
later, on 26 October 1969. He started a campaign aimed at reforming Sudan's economy through nationalization of banks and industries as well as some land reforms. He used his position to enact a number of
964:. In 1984 he declared a state of emergency, giving special powers to the military. In 1985 Nimeiry authorised the execution of the peaceful yet controversial political dissident and Islamic reformist
883:, an Islamist leader who had been imprisoned and then exiled after the May Revolution, was invited back and became Justice Minister and Attorney General in 1979. Relations between Khartoum and
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In 1984 and 1985, after a period of drought, several million people were threatened by famine, particularly in western Sudan. The government tried to hide the situation internationally.
943:, throughout the country. Additionally, he attempted to have himself declared Imam of the Sudanese ummah, but failed. To show his dedication to Sharia, he poured $ 11 million worth of
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day he also promoted himself to major-general, retired 22 serving officers, mostly senior to himself, dismissed over 30, and appointed 14 new officers to the most important posts.
887:
leadership worsened after the
National Reconciliation and the National Reconciliation itself came to a premature end in light of disagreements between the opposition and Nimeiry.
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1757:
1133:. He returned to Sudan in May 1999 to a rapturous welcome that surprised many of his detractors. The next year, he ran in the presidential election against incumbent president
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In the mid-1970s, he launched several initiatives to develop agriculture and industry in Sudan and he invited foreign Western and Chinese companies to explore for oil.
744:, before being restored. During the 1971 coup attempt, Nimeiry jumped out the window of the place where he was incarcerated when his supporters came to rescue him.
754:. In April 1972, he signed an agreement with China, by which Chinese military advisers began training the Sudanese Army, and further providing for Chinese sale of
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2319:
1970:
570:
849:. Nimeiry and his government were narrowly saved after a column of army tanks entered the city. Ninety-eight people implicated in the plot were executed.
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1068:
Political and economic discontent against Nimeiry had been growing for several years prior to 1985. According to a Sudanese individual interviewed by
2328:
1506:
The role of China in international relations: the impact of ideology on foreign policy with special reference to Sino-African relations (1949-1986)
884:
875:, the leader of the opposition who was based abroad, and Nimeiry. A limited measure of pluralism was allowed and Sadiq al Mahdi and members of the
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1987:
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1165:. Abdel Mahmoud was the first woman cabinet Minister in Sudan in the 1970s, and the first Sudanese woman to contest the presidency in the
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Later in 1971, he was elected President winning a referendum with 98.6 per cent of the votes. He then dissolved the RCC and founded the
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which opposed him. O'Ballance writes that about 4,000 troops, plus tanks, stormed Aba Island on 30 March, supported by aircraft.
820:
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2007:
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The fate of Africa : from the hopes of freedom to the heart of despair : a history of fifty years of independence
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356:
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2013:
455:; 1 January 1930 – 30 May 2009) was a Sudanese military officer and politician who served as the fourth
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After this coup, he started to move away from Soviet influence and began to receive arms from the US and
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secondary school, and finally in Hantub school that had a British colonial character. He then studied at
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that led to the coup d'état deposing Nimeiry from the presidency on 6 April is often referred to as the
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rapes, deaths; what role the October 1964 Revolution played; with enough material this should be
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after Taha — who was first accused of religious sedition in the 1960s when Sudan's President was
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that killed some 3,000 people and sparked national resentment against the Libyan leader
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in 1985 and went into exile in Egypt. He returned in 1999 and unsuccessfully ran in the
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1997:
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In 1976, a force of one thousand insurgents under Sadiq al Mahdi, armed and trained by
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1190:"Role in Government" United States Library of Congress. Accessed on 10 September 2007.
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which he declared to be the only legal political organization. In 1972 he signed the
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In 1981, Nimeiry, pressured by his Islamic opponents, began a dramatic shift toward
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set up the Sudanese Socialist Democratic Union Party as the successor party of the
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811:(OAU) summit in Khartoum, Nimeiry was elected Chairman of the OAU until July 1979.
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On 25 May 1969, together with four other officers, Colonel Nimeiry, commanding the
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224:
102:
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841:, the insurgents engaged in three days of house-to-house fighting in Khartoum and
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ousted him from power. During the subsequent elections the pro-Islamist leader,
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1966:
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This article is about the Sudanese politician. For the Malay politician, see
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Nimeiry was educated at the Omdurman primary and elementary school, then in
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2403:
1367:
Who's who in Africa: The Political, Military and Business Leaders of Africa
1040:
952:
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released on 9 January 1967 and transferred to command the infantry school.
1125:
Nimeiry lived in exile in Egypt from 1985 to 1999, in a villa situated in
565:, but, as he desired a military career, he eventually graduated from the
2639:
2584:
2564:
2498:
2463:
1674:
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1341:
An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945-1996
921:
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Nimeiry during a 1978 state visit to Western Germany, testing army trucks
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792:
779:
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648:, his coup being termed the "May Revolution". He created and chaired the
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joined the legislature under the umbrella of the Sudan Socialist Union.
53:
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2423:
2408:
1622:
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996:
951:. The state-wide declaration of Sharia law alienated the predominantly
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681:
558:
507:
146:
1264:"Gaafar al-Nimeiry, a Sudan Leader With Shifting Politics, Dies at 79"
900:
569:
in Omdurman in 1952. He also earned a Master of Military Science from
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1014:
lost 80 percent of its value due to inflation and renewed civil war.
715:
670:
479:
402:
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932:
842:
838:
637:
530:
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as the sole legal political entity in the country, Nimeiry pursued
308:
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1706:
1704:
1599:"The Sharia in Sudan: Implementation and Repercussions, 1983-1989"
956:
2145:
1808:
1701:
1102:
On 6 April 1985, while Nimeiry was on an official visit to the
940:
834:
804:
656:, writing in 1977, said that the 14 seniormost officers of the
578:
534:
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1852:
1154:
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826:
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In March–April 1970 Nimeiry ordered an aerial bombardment on
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491:
383:
329:
948:
939:. In 1983, he declared an "Islamic revolution" and imposed
917:
909:
992:
2746:
Non-U.S. alumni of the Command and General Staff College
1458:
1405:
1393:
529:. In his last years in power he also adopted aspects of
1748:"Sudan's president is ousted in coup by military chief"
1679:(1st ed.). New York: Public Affairs. p. 357.
1390:
O'Ballance, Secret War in the Sudan, F&F, 1973, 93.
2781:
Recipients of orders, decorations, and medals of Sudan
871:
In 1977, a National Reconciliation took place between
1971:
Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation
1739:
1544:
972:— had been declared an apostate by a Sudanese court.
814:
1519:"Sudan Rebels Stage Coup But Loyal Troops Crush It"
979:Nimeiry arriving for a state visit in the US, 1983
791:number of bilateral investment treaties: with the
740:, and in 1971 was briefly removed from power by a
716:Coup attempts and alliance with China and the West
2329:Chairpersons of the Organisation of African Unity
1141:. The National Congress negotiated an end to the
935:political governance and allied himself with the
2682:
1344:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 530–531.
1430:
1106:in the hope of gaining more financial aid from
736:by former Prime Minister and Umma Party leader
703:whereby autonomy was granted to the non-Muslim
588:Nimeiri moved on to different positions in the
359:was established in 2008 as the successor party)
1337:
928:of 1978. He attended Sadat's funeral in 1981.
537:law throughout the country, precipitating the
2313:
2064:
1835:
1554:, Markus Wiener Publishers: Princeton, 2006,
1261:
987:was strengthened under the administration of
466:A military officer, he came to power after a
1478:"CHINA'S INVOLVEMENT IN SUDAN: ARMS AND OIL"
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1157:in 2010. Another group led by Professor Dr.
592:. He was accused in 1957 of orchestrating a
459:from 1969 to 1985, first as Chairman of the
2726:National Congress Party (Sudan) politicians
895:
552:
2320:
2306:
2071:
2057:
1842:
1828:
1437:. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 40.
1229:Heads of States and Governments Since 1945
852:
610:Early years in power and socialist reforms
52:
1777:
1464:
1417:
1411:
1399:
732:In 1970 Nimeiry successfully weathered a
506:, after which he forged an alliance with
249:10 September 1977 – 6 April 1985
206:28 October 1969 – 11 August 1976
1717:[Sudan after the dictatorship].
1672:
1550:Burr, J. Millard and Robert O. Collins,
1333:
1331:
1329:
974:
899:
862:
769:
719:
619:
1596:
1508:, pp. 851-858, 1987, University of York
349:Alliance of the Peoples' Working Forces
134:12 October 1971 – 6 April 1985
2683:
1780:The Secret War in the Sudan: 1955–1972
1745:
920:) who maintained close relations with
571:Army Command and General Staff College
486:policies and close collaboration with
461:National Revolutionary Command Council
351:(after return from exile, merged with
172:National Revolutionary Command Council
82:25 May 1969 – 12 October 1971
70:National Revolutionary Command Council
2301:
2052:
1823:
1668:
1666:
1326:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1225:
2721:Sudanese Socialist Union politicians
1727:from the original on 16 October 2019
1226:Lentz, Harris M. (4 February 2014).
1114:led by his defence minister General
1021:
16:President of Sudan from 1969 to 1985
1511:
1097:
452:
357:Sudanese Socialist Democratic Union
13:
1663:
1635:
1246:
1017:
807:31 July 1978. In July 1978 at the
504:survived a pro-Soviet coup attempt
14:
2797:
1801:
1712:
1573:"Sudan - National Reconciliation"
1552:Darfur: The Long Road to Disaster
821:1976 Sudanese coup d'état attempt
815:1976 Sudanese coup d'état attempt
435:(otherwise spelled in English as
2786:Sudanese Military College alumni
2144:
2080:
2026:Transitional Sovereignty Council
2014:Transitional Sovereignty Council
1913:
1851:
1807:
1760:from the original on 24 May 2015
1026:
401:
376:
1746:Miller, Judith (7 April 1985).
1629:
1590:
1565:
1498:
1470:
859:National Reconciliation (Sudan)
688:, who were associated with the
170:Himself as the chairman of the
2731:Leaders who took power by coup
1715:"Le Soudan après la dictature"
1384:
1358:
1300:
1274:
1262:Dennis Hevesi (11 June 2009).
1219:
1193:
1179:
684:which killed several thousand
547:presidential elections in 2000
1:
2008:Transitional Military Council
1370:. African Development. 1973.
1172:
1147:Comprehensive Peace Agreement
1046:split off into a full article
809:Organisation of African Unity
650:Revolutionary Command Council
2155:Democratic Republic of Sudan
1924:Democratic Republic of Sudan
1597:Warburg, Gabriel R. (1990).
1122:was elected Prime Minister.
1005:
908:Nimeiry was one of only two
890:
604:
514:, and, eventually, with the
7:
1638:"Alcohol Is Dumped in Nile"
1090:that followed the Sudanese
1080:International Monetary Fund
1010:Between 1980 and 1985, the
644:the civilian government of
563:Khartoum University College
10:
2802:
2756:Sudanese Arab nationalists
2716:Foreign ministers of Sudan
1778:O'Ballance, Edgar (1977).
1139:National Congress of Sudan
1116:Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab
856:
829:, crossed the border from
818:
774:Nimeiry with US President
613:
433:Gaafar Muhammad an-Nimeiry
185:Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab
37:Gaafar Muhammad an-Nimeiry
18:
2557:
2339:
2281:
2235:
2212:post abolished, 1989–2017
2190:
2153:
2142:
2093:
2035:
1986:
1943:
1922:
1911:
1864:
1673:Meredith, Martin (2005).
1201:"المشير. جعفر محمد نميري"
1143:Second Sudanese civil war
962:Second Sudanese Civil War
912:leaders (the other being
877:Democratic Unionist Party
833:. After passing through
616:1969 Sudanese coup d'état
539:Second Sudanese Civil War
533:, and in 1983 he imposed
426:
421:Second Sudanese Civil War
412:
397:
389:
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154:Abuelgasim Mohamed Hashim
138:
127:
119:
109:
96:
86:
75:
67:
63:
51:
42:
30:
2741:Sudanese anti-communists
2736:Leaders ousted by a coup
2711:Prime ministers of Sudan
2087:Prime ministers of Sudan
1636:Ap (25 September 1983).
1431:Diana Childress (2010).
1163:Sudanese Socialist Union
1104:United States of America
896:Second term as president
709:First Sudanese Civil War
705:southern region of Sudan
697:Sudanese Socialist Union
553:Early life and education
527:First Sudanese Civil War
476:Sudanese Socialist Union
417:First Sudanese Civil War
342:Sudanese Socialist Union
158:Abdul Majid Hamid Khalil
43:
2776:Politicide perpetrators
1338:John E. Jessup (1998).
1112:bloodless military coup
1092:October 1964 Revolution
853:National Reconciliation
463:and then as President.
445:Ja'far Muhammad Numayri
194:Prime Minister of Sudan
151:Mohamed Al-Baghir Ahmed
2766:People of the Cold War
1434:Omar Al-Bashir's Sudan
1187:Sudan: A Country Study
1167:2010 Sudanese election
983:The alliance with the
980:
905:
868:
783:
729:
633:
521:In 1972 he signed the
457:head of state of Sudan
160:Omar Muhammad al-Tayib
156:Second Vice Presidents
1720:Le Monde Diplomatique
1145:that was signed in a
978:
966:Mahmoud Mohammed Taha
903:
866:
773:
723:
701:Addis Ababa Agreement
658:Sudanese Armed Forces
623:
523:Addis Ababa Agreement
468:military coup in 1969
390:Years of service
144:First Vice Presidents
2751:People from Omdurman
1816:at Wikimedia Commons
1525:. 6 September 1975.
1159:Fatima Abdel Mahmoud
313:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
2706:Presidents of Sudan
2237:Transitional period
1988:Transitional period
1904:Sovereignty Council
1894:Sovereignty Council
1876:Sovereignty Council
1858:Presidents of Sudan
1603:Middle East Journal
1282:"Gaafar al-Nimeiry"
1149:on 9 January 2005.
280:Al-Jazuli Daf'allah
115:Himself (President)
2761:Exiled politicians
1753:The New York Times
1642:The New York Times
1523:The New York Times
1268:The New York Times
1207:on 5 December 2018
1084:civil disobedience
1071:The New York Times
1048:. You can help by
981:
937:Muslim Brotherhood
926:Camp David Accords
906:
869:
799:17 February 1974,
784:
730:
707:, which ended the
634:
502:. In 1971 Nimeiry
488:Gamal Abdel Nasser
122:President of Sudan
2771:Muslim socialists
2678:
2677:
2295:
2294:
2192:Republic of Sudan
2095:Republic of Sudan
2046:
2045:
1945:Republic of Sudan
1866:Republic of Sudan
1812:Media related to
1577:countrystudies.us
1483:Human Right Watch
1444:978-0-8225-9096-5
1377:978-0-9502755-0-5
1066:
1065:
803:28 May 1977, and
543:ousted from power
470:. Establishing a
453:جعفر محمد النميري
430:
429:
360:
346:
45:جعفر محمد النميري
2793:
2701:Sudanese Muslims
2322:
2315:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2148:
2085:
2084:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2050:
2049:
2028:† (2021–present)
1917:
1856:
1855:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1821:
1820:
1811:
1797:
1770:
1769:
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1585:
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1569:
1563:
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1542:
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1539:
1537:
1515:
1509:
1504:Ismail Debeche,
1502:
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1415:
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1391:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1335:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1310:. Archived from
1304:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1259:
1244:
1243:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1203:. Archived from
1197:
1191:
1183:
1098:Exile and return
1061:
1058:
1030:
1022:
970:Ismail al-Azhari
881:Hassan al-Turabi
795:22 August 1970,
762:In late 1975, a
654:Edgar O'Ballance
646:Ismail al-Azhari
632:in Tripoli, 1969
575:Fort Leavenworth
454:
405:
382:
380:
379:
367:Military service
350:
345:(while in power)
344:
325:
304:
302:
290:Personal details
276:
264:
247:
233:
225:Babiker Awadalla
221:
204:
187:
180:
167:
141:
132:
112:
103:Ismail al-Azhari
99:
91:Babiker Awadalla
80:
68:Chairman of the
56:
46:
28:
27:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2553:
2341:
2340:Organisation of
2335:
2326:
2296:
2291:
2277:
2239:
2231:
2194:
2186:
2157:
2149:
2140:
2097:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2047:
2042:
2031:
1990:
1982:
1947:
1939:
1926:
1918:
1909:
1868:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1804:
1794:
1784:Faber and Faber
1774:
1773:
1763:
1761:
1744:
1740:
1730:
1728:
1711:
1702:
1687:
1671:
1664:
1654:
1652:
1634:
1630:
1595:
1591:
1581:
1579:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1549:
1545:
1535:
1533:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1503:
1499:
1489:
1487:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1463:
1459:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1429:
1418:
1410:
1406:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1378:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1336:
1327:
1317:
1315:
1314:on 27 June 2014
1306:
1305:
1301:
1291:
1289:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1260:
1247:
1240:
1224:
1220:
1210:
1208:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1100:
1088:1985 Revolution
1062:
1056:
1053:
1037:needs expansion
1031:
1020:
1018:1985 Revolution
1008:
914:Qaboos bin Said
904:Nimeiry in 1981
898:
893:
861:
855:
847:Muammar Gaddafi
831:Ma'tan as-Sarra
823:
817:
718:
664:Nimeiry became
618:
612:
607:
555:
496:Muammar Gaddafi
472:one-party state
419:
377:
375:
336:Political party
327:
323:
306:
300:
298:
274:
262:
248:
243:
231:
219:
205:
200:
183:
178:
165:
159:
157:
155:
153:
149:
145:
139:
133:
128:
110:
97:
81:
76:
59:
58:Nimeiry in 1974
47:
44:
38:
35:
24:
21:Jaafar Muhammad
17:
12:
11:
5:
2799:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
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2723:
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2713:
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2703:
2698:
2693:
2676:
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2657:
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2642:
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2361:
2356:
2351:
2345:
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2325:
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2317:
2310:
2302:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2243:
2241:
2240:(2019–present)
2233:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2178:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2159:
2151:
2150:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2107:
2101:
2099:
2091:
2090:
2076:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2053:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2001:
1994:
1992:
1991:(2019–present)
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1974:
1964:
1958:
1951:
1949:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1930:
1928:
1920:
1919:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1872:
1870:
1862:
1861:
1847:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1814:Gaafar Nimeiry
1803:
1802:External links
1800:
1799:
1798:
1792:
1772:
1771:
1738:
1713:Gresh, Alain.
1700:
1685:
1662:
1628:
1609:(4): 624–637.
1589:
1564:
1543:
1510:
1497:
1469:
1467:, p. 107.
1465:OBallance 1977
1457:
1443:
1416:
1414:, p. 104.
1412:OBallance 1977
1404:
1402:, p. 103.
1400:OBallance 1977
1392:
1383:
1376:
1357:
1350:
1325:
1299:
1273:
1245:
1238:
1218:
1192:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1135:Omar al-Bashir
1120:Sadiq al-Mahdi
1099:
1096:
1064:
1063:
1034:
1032:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1012:Sudanese pound
1007:
1004:
897:
894:
892:
889:
885:Southern Sudan
873:Sadiq al Mahdi
857:Main article:
854:
851:
816:
813:
742:Communist coup
738:Sadiq al-Mahdi
717:
714:
666:prime minister
614:Main article:
611:
608:
606:
603:
554:
551:
441:Jaafar Nimeiry
437:Gaafar Nimeiry
428:
427:
424:
423:
414:
410:
409:
399:
395:
394:
391:
387:
386:
373:
369:
368:
364:
363:
362:
361:
347:
337:
333:
332:
326:(aged 79)
320:
316:
315:
305:1 January 1930
296:
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287:
286:
283:
282:
277:
271:
270:
265:
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188:
181:
175:
174:
168:
162:
161:
142:
140:Vice President
136:
135:
125:
124:
117:
116:
113:
107:
106:
100:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
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61:
60:
57:
49:
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40:
39:
36:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2558:African Union
2556:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
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2500:
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2400:
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2377:
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2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:African Unity
2338:
2334:
2333:African Union
2330:
2323:
2318:
2316:
2311:
2309:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2287:
2284:
2283:
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2268:
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2205:
2203:
2200:
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2189:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2156:
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2147:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2074:
2069:
2067:
2062:
2060:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1979:† (1993–2019)
1978:
1975:
1973:) (1986–1993)
1972:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1955:Swar al-Dahab
1953:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1884:† (1958–1964)
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1845:
1840:
1838:
1833:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1795:
1793:0-571-10768-0
1789:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1775:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1742:
1726:
1723:(in French).
1722:
1721:
1716:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1686:1-58648-246-7
1682:
1678:
1677:
1669:
1667:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1632:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1593:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1561:
1560:1-55876-405-4
1557:
1553:
1547:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1507:
1501:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1473:
1466:
1461:
1446:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1413:
1408:
1401:
1396:
1387:
1379:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1353:
1351:9780313281129
1347:
1343:
1342:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1288:. 1 June 2009
1287:
1286:The Telegraph
1283:
1277:
1269:
1265:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1241:
1239:9781134264902
1235:
1232:. Routledge.
1231:
1230:
1222:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1189:
1188:
1182:
1178:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1078:(US) and the
1077:
1076:United States
1073:
1072:
1060:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1035:This section
1033:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1013:
1003:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
989:Ronald Reagan
986:
985:United States
977:
973:
971:
967:
963:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
902:
888:
886:
882:
878:
874:
865:
860:
850:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
822:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
789:
781:
777:
772:
768:
765:
764:military coup
760:
757:
753:
750:
745:
743:
739:
735:
727:
724:Nimiery with
722:
713:
710:
706:
702:
698:
693:
691:
687:
683:
678:
676:
672:
667:
662:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
631:
627:
622:
617:
602:
598:
595:
591:
590:Sudanese Army
586:
584:
583:United States
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
525:, ending the
524:
519:
517:
516:United States
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
464:
462:
458:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
425:
422:
418:
415:
411:
408:
407:Field Marshal
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
385:
374:
370:
365:
358:
354:
348:
343:
340:
339:
338:
334:
331:
321:
317:
314:
310:
297:
293:
288:
284:
281:
278:
272:
269:
266:
260:
256:
252:
246:
241:
238:
235:
229:
226:
223:
217:
213:
209:
203:
198:
195:
190:
186:
182:
176:
173:
169:
163:
152:
148:
143:
137:
131:
126:
123:
118:
114:
108:
104:
101:
95:
92:
89:
85:
79:
74:
71:
66:
62:
55:
50:
41:
34:
33:Field Marshal
29:
26:
22:
2267:vacant, 2022
2266:
2257:vacant, 2021
2256:
2247:vacant, 2019
2246:
2211:
2180:
2169:
2006:† (with the
1969:† (with the
1933:
1779:
1762:. Retrieved
1751:
1741:
1729:. Retrieved
1718:
1675:
1653:. Retrieved
1641:
1631:
1606:
1602:
1592:
1580:. Retrieved
1576:
1567:
1551:
1546:
1534:. Retrieved
1522:
1513:
1505:
1500:
1488:. Retrieved
1481:
1472:
1460:
1448:. Retrieved
1433:
1407:
1395:
1386:
1366:
1360:
1340:
1318:18 September
1316:. Retrieved
1312:the original
1302:
1290:. Retrieved
1285:
1276:
1267:
1228:
1221:
1209:. Retrieved
1205:the original
1195:
1186:
1181:
1151:
1124:
1101:
1087:
1069:
1067:
1057:October 2019
1054:
1050:adding to it
1036:
1009:
1001:
982:
930:
907:
870:
824:
785:
761:
746:
734:coup attempt
731:
726:Marshal Tito
694:
679:
663:
635:
599:
587:
556:
520:
465:
444:
440:
436:
432:
431:
413:Battles/wars
324:(2009-05-30)
307:Wad Nubawi,
275:Succeeded by
244:
232:Succeeded by
201:
179:Succeeded by
129:
111:Succeeded by
77:
25:
2696:2009 deaths
2691:1930 births
2615:Hailemariam
2195:(1985–2019)
2158:(1969–1985)
2098:(1956–1969)
1961:al-Mirghani
1957:† (1985–86)
1948:(1985–2019)
1927:(1969–1985)
1906:) (1965–69)
1869:(1956–1969)
1655:13 December
1450:13 February
1039: with:
922:Anwar Sadat
797:Switzerland
793:Netherlands
780:White House
776:Gerald Ford
675:Pan-Arabist
594:coup d'état
567:War College
484:Pan-Arabist
474:, with his
322:30 May 2009
268:Rashid Bakr
263:Preceded by
237:Rashid Bakr
220:Preceded by
166:Preceded by
105:(President)
98:Preceded by
2685:Categories
2655:Tshisekedi
2620:Abdel Aziz
2534:Bouteflika
2379:Boumédiène
2285:† military
2121:Al-Khalifa
2039:† military
1902:(with the
1888:Al-Khalifa
1782:. London:
1764:16 October
1731:16 October
1292:3 February
1211:5 December
1173:References
1127:Heliopolis
1108:Washington
997:Port Sudan
941:Sharia law
924:after the
819:See also:
690:Umma Party
682:Aba Island
640:Garrison,
559:Wad Madani
508:Mao Zedong
372:Allegiance
328:Omdurman,
301:1930-01-01
147:Abel Alier
2670:Ghazouani
2665:Assoumani
2650:Ramaphosa
2600:Mutharika
2549:Mwanawasa
2494:Babangida
2419:Ramgoolam
2399:Hassan II
2202:Daf'allah
2105:al-Azhari
2020:al-Burhan
2016:(2019–21)
2004:al-Burhan
1977:al-Bashir
1967:al-Bashir
1963:(1986–89)
1900:al-Azhari
1896:(1964–65)
1878:(1956–58)
1650:0362-4331
1615:0026-3141
1531:0362-4331
1490:8 January
1006:Inflation
953:Christian
947:into the
891:1980–1985
677:reforms.
671:socialist
642:overthrew
624:Nimeiry,
605:1969–1980
585:in 1966.
541:. He was
518:as well.
480:socialist
393:1952–1985
254:President
245:In office
211:President
202:In office
130:In office
78:In office
2575:Obasanjo
2570:Chissano
2529:Compaoré
2489:Museveni
2454:Mengistu
2369:Selassie
2349:Selassie
2331:and the
2288:* acting
2207:al-Mahdi
2165:Awadalla
2131:al-Mahdi
2022:† (2021)
2010:) (2019)
2000:† (2019)
1758:Archived
1725:Archived
1695:58791298
1562:, p. 111
933:Islamist
843:Omdurman
839:Kordofan
638:Khartoum
531:Islamism
355:but the
309:Omdurman
2595:Gaddafi
2590:Kikwete
2580:Nguesso
2544:Chiluba
2539:Eyadéma
2509:Ben Ali
2504:Mubarak
2484:Mubarak
2469:Nguesso
2459:Nyerere
2444:Stevens
2439:Senghor
2434:Tolbert
2429:Nimeiry
2359:Nkrumah
2272:Hussein
2181:Nimeiry
2170:Nimeiry
2136:Mahgoub
2126:Mahgoub
1998:Ibn Auf
1934:Nimeiry
1623:4328194
1582:21 July
1536:25 July
1308:"?????"
1041:sourced
957:animist
945:alcohol
788:Chevron
778:in the
728:in 1970
652:(RCC).
630:Gaddafi
257:Himself
214:Himself
2640:Kagame
2625:Mugabe
2605:Obiang
2585:Kufuor
2524:Mugabe
2479:Traoré
2474:Kaunda
2394:Daddah
2389:Kaunda
2384:Ahidjo
2374:Mobutu
2364:Ankrah
2354:Nasser
2262:Hamdok
2252:Hamdok
2222:Moussa
2115:Abboud
2110:Khalil
1890:(1964)
1882:Abboud
1790:
1693:
1683:
1648:
1621:
1613:
1558:
1529:
1486:. 2003
1441:
1374:
1348:
1236:
835:Darfur
805:France
782:, 1976
759:1985.
756:MiG-19
749:Maoist
626:Nasser
579:Kansas
535:Sharia
449:Arabic
381:
87:Deputy
2635:Condé
2565:Mbeki
2514:Meles
2499:Diouf
2464:Diouf
2424:Bongo
2409:Barre
2404:Gowon
2227:Ayala
2217:Saleh
1619:JSTOR
1155:Sudan
1131:Cairo
995:near
827:Libya
801:Egypt
752:China
686:Ansar
512:China
500:Libya
492:Egypt
443:, or
384:Sudan
330:Sudan
2660:Sall
2645:Sisi
2630:Déby
2610:Boni
2519:Biya
2414:Amin
2176:Bakr
1788:ISBN
1766:2019
1733:2019
1691:OCLC
1681:ISBN
1657:2022
1646:ISSN
1611:ISSN
1584:2023
1556:ISBN
1538:2023
1527:ISSN
1492:2020
1452:2011
1439:ISBN
1372:ISBN
1346:ISBN
1320:2018
1294:2024
1234:ISBN
1213:2018
1110:, a
955:and
949:Nile
918:Oman
910:Arab
837:and
673:and
628:and
494:and
482:and
398:Rank
319:Died
295:Born
192:8th
120:2nd
2449:Moi
1052:.
993:CIA
916:of
573:in
510:of
498:of
490:of
353:NCP
2687::
1786:.
1756:.
1750:.
1703:^
1689:.
1665:^
1644:.
1640:.
1617:.
1607:44
1605:.
1601:.
1575:.
1521:.
1480:.
1419:^
1328:^
1284:.
1266:.
1248:^
1169:.
1129:,
1094:.
999:.
581:,
577:,
549:.
451::
447:;
439:,
311:,
2321:e
2314:t
2307:v
2274:*
2183:†
2172:†
2117:†
2072:e
2065:t
2058:v
1936:†
1843:e
1836:t
1829:v
1796:.
1768:.
1735:.
1697:.
1659:.
1625:.
1586:.
1540:.
1494:.
1454:.
1380:.
1354:.
1322:.
1296:.
1270:.
1242:.
1215:.
1059:)
1055:(
303:)
299:(
23:.
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