507:
112:. Villa rejected this premise and instead sought legal rights for women inside of marriage. She believed divorce caused stigma for women and was against it because even if innocent of wrongdoing, in a divorce the wife was deemed to have behaved inappropriately and punished by society. Her more moderate stance gained her support by the faction composed of teachers, Christian women’s society members, the delegation of the Pan American League and members from US associations.
61:’s “Law on Family Affairs (Domestic Relations)” was passed. In her analysis of the legislation, Villa pointed out that prior to its passage, the Civil Code was discriminatory. In the event that a child was born out of wedlock, if a woman who gave up her child to prevent stigma and shaming, she alone could be identified. The previous law had allowed maternity investigations so that orphans could find their birth mothers, but forbade paternity investigations.
124:
as
President of the conference. Arizmendi served as Secretary General, but did not attend due to a difference of opinion with Villa. In attendance were Rosa Maria Anders, a Cuban lawyer; Carmen Burgos of Spain; Natalia Costa de Gori, of Guatemala; Eva Maria V. de Gytina, of Panama; and María de Jesús Montenegro of Nicaragua, among others. From within Mexico were delegates from
68:(The Woman and the Law), which asked whether men and women were equal before the law in Mexico. Though the analysis was moderate in tone, Villa de Buentello stated that regardless of social or economic status, everyone must be viewed equally before the law. Considering that women did not have suffrage, it was considered revolutionary. She may have been influenced by
156:
so that they could give her the freedom to express herself within marriage and motherhood. She challenged the notion of male leadership, but at the same time acknowledged the husband as head of the household. She argued for equality under the law, but only so that women would have protections within their marriages, no matter how bad those marriages might be.
47:. She was probably a teacher, as most of the attendees at the 1916 First Feminist Congress of Yucatán were teachers and it was a requirement of attendance that women be educated. Her publications list her as a "professor" and other sources state she was a lawyer, though she indicated in a 1925 interview with
155:
Villa de
Buentello’s work shows the contradictions which existed for this group of feminists. On the one hand, she wanted to expand the sphere of women, but on the other, she wanted to remain within the bounds of tradition. She wanted a woman's strengths and ability to work to be recognized, but only
151:
Villa came into conflict as before with "Cuca" Garcia and the more radical delegates over her views on marriage. During heated discussion, Villa closed the conference. There was protest by the delegates, who refused to accept her autocratic decision and continued working. The final twelve resolutions
123:
to promote the event. On Sunday, March 2, 1924, an extensive article about the feminist movement in Mexico entitled “New Women of Mexico
Striving for Equality” carried an interview with Villa de Buentello giving an overview of their goals. The meeting occurred in July, 1925 in Mexico City with Villa
91:
That same year, she participated in the
National Convention of Women held on May 27, 1923, in Mexico City. The conference was organized by the Pan American League and quickly split into two factions. The radical contingent from Yucatán, which urged the convention to adopt a program advocating the
53:
that she had only a secondary education. Married and a mother — her books are dedicated to her husband, Edmundo E. Buentello, and her children Miguel
Edmundo and Sofía — Villa de Buentello was not a submissive wife. She publicly called for a change in women’s marital dependency and the domestic
87:
that there was a lack of understanding from the Anglo-oriented perspective on
Hispanic women's cultural influences. Villa and Arizmendi both saw matrimony and motherhood, an integral part of Latina identity, as making the experience of women "complete".
152:
were founded upon traditions and morals, one even proposing that older women serve as moral guides for younger women during outings. They asked for civil, legal, social and economic equality, as well as the right to vote and hold public office.
34:
movement in Mexico and was one of the first women to analyze the legal equality of men and women before the law. She founded the Women of the race and led the faction of more moderate feminists in the 1920s in Mexico.
173:
La Mujer y la Ley. Pequeña parte tomada de la obra en preparación titulada "¡La
Esclava se Levanta!. Estudio importantisimo para la mujer que desee su emancipación y para el hombre amante del bien y de la
133:
220:"Desafiando el Orden Legal y las Limitaciones en las Conductas de Genero en Mexico. la Critica de Sofia Villa de Buentello a la Legislacion Familiar Mexicana 1917-1927"
69:
119:
and organized a meeting for the
International League of Iberian and Latin American Women for 1925. Arizmendi used her press contracts and secured coverage in the
83:
was seen as the next "staging ground" as suffrage had been gained in Europe and the United States, but it was clear to
Arizmendi after her attendance at the 1922
79:
established a cooperative union "Mujeres de la raza" (Women of the Race) in 1923 with aims of uniting Latina women in the struggle for rights. At the time,
141:
558:
219:
592:
137:
607:
539:
417:
352:
307:
524:
Challenging Legal and Gender
Constraints in Mexico: Sofía Villa de Buentello's Criticism of Family Legislation, 1917–1927
602:
270:
617:
612:
84:
597:
180:
La verdad sobre el matrimonio ... estudio importantisimo sobre la triste condicion de la mujer en el matrimonio
458:
115:
At the close of the National Convention on Women, Villa and Arizmendi determined to hold a conference for the
109:
376:
487:
587:
555:
75:
While Villa de Buentello was known for her less radical ideas, she was not truly a moderate. She and
506:
234:
72:, a lawyer who had made a similar statement 30 years earlier, according to Carmen Ramos Escandón.
105:
145:
529:
342:
297:
260:
76:
582:
577:
8:
58:
49:
44:
129:
535:
348:
303:
266:
160:
432:
562:
499:
120:
571:
101:
93:
80:
27:
23:
97:
30:, Mexico) was a Mexican feminist who worked in the first wave of the
459:"Separate Spheres: Soldaderas and Feminists in Revolutionary Mexico"
182:, Mexico, Talleres de la Imprenta Franco Mexicana, 1923 (in Spanish)
176:, Mexico, Talleres de la Imprenta Franco Mexicana, 1921 (in Spanish)
31:
418:"Elena Arizmendi, una habitación propia en Nueva York, 1916-1938"
265:(. ed.). Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 45.
528:
Mitchell, Stephanie Evaline; Schell, Patience Alexandra (2007).
490:. Waco, Texas: The Waco News-Tribune. 18 October 1929. p. 1
163:
to allow women to count the ballots in the November elections.
125:
144:
with the Liga de Maestros (Teachers League) from Morelos, and
186:
Derechos civiles de la mujer y ley de relaciones familiares
347:. Lanham : Rowman & Littlefield Pub. pp. 55–59.
336:
334:
332:
330:
328:
326:
302:. Hanover: University Press of New England. p. 92.
262:
The Decolonial Imaginary: Writing Chicanas into History
213:
211:
209:
207:
205:
203:
201:
299:
Latin American Women and the Search for Social Justice
323:
198:
341:Mitchell, Stephanie; Schell, Patience A. (2006).
569:
291:
289:
527:
340:
217:
411:
409:
407:
57:Soon after the Congresses, in 1917 President
450:
368:
286:
531:The Women's Revolution in Mexico, 1910-1953
344:The women's revolution in Mexico, 1910-1953
252:
534:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 53–.
404:
401:. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn 1997, p. 482.
480:
377:"The First Feminist Congress of Mexico"
570:
456:
374:
295:
258:
54:limits placed by society upon women.
416:Cano, Gabriela (January–June 2011).
415:
159:In 1929, Villa petitioned President
13:
516:
43:G. Sofía Villa de Buentello was a
14:
629:
549:
375:Macías, Francisco (May 6, 2013).
166:
20:Gerónima Sofía Villa de Buentello
593:Mexican women's rights activists
505:
148:from the government of Yucatán.
85:Pan-American Conference of Women
218:Ramos Escandón, Carmen (2002).
110:María “Cuca” del Refugio García
26:, Mexico — February 7, 1958 in
608:20th-century Mexican educators
397:Cano, Gabriela. "Feminism" in
391:
64:In 1921 she published a book,
1:
192:
38:
7:
431:(1): 85–114. Archived from
188:, Mexico, 1923 (in Spanish)
10:
634:
457:Leland, Maria (May 2010).
296:Miller, Francesca (1991).
134:Magdalena Salazar Venegas
603:Mexican feminist writers
233:: 79–102. Archived from
618:People from Teocaltiche
613:Mexican women educators
522:Carmen Ramos Escandón,
468:. Ohio State University
92:abolition of marriage,
488:"Women May Count Vote"
399:Encyclopedia of Mexico
598:Mexican women writers
379:. Library of Congress
77:Elena Arizmendi Mejia
259:Pérez, Emma (1999).
106:Elena Torres Cuéllar
104:, were aligned with
438:on 26 November 2016
146:Rosa Torre González
138:National University
561:2016-03-03 at the
556:"La Mujer y la Ley
117:Mujeres de la raza
50:The New York Times
588:Mexican feminists
541:978-0-7425-3731-6
354:978-0-7425-3730-9
309:978-0-874-51558-9
161:Emilio Portes Gil
66:La Mujer y la Ley
625:
545:
511:
510:
509:
503:
497:
495:
484:
478:
477:
475:
473:
463:
454:
448:
447:
445:
443:
437:
422:
413:
402:
395:
389:
388:
386:
384:
372:
366:
365:
363:
361:
338:
321:
320:
318:
316:
293:
284:
283:
281:
279:
256:
250:
249:
247:
245:
239:
224:
215:
142:Rosaura Sansores
45:Mexican feminist
16:Mexican feminist
633:
632:
628:
627:
626:
624:
623:
622:
568:
567:
563:Wayback Machine
552:
542:
519:
517:Further reading
514:
504:
493:
491:
486:
485:
481:
471:
469:
461:
455:
451:
441:
439:
435:
420:
414:
405:
396:
392:
382:
380:
373:
369:
359:
357:
355:
339:
324:
314:
312:
310:
294:
287:
277:
275:
273:
257:
253:
243:
241:
240:on 2 April 2015
237:
222:
216:
199:
195:
169:
130:San Luis Potosí
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
631:
621:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
566:
565:
551:
550:External links
548:
547:
546:
540:
518:
515:
513:
512:
500:Newspapers.com
479:
449:
427:(in Spanish).
403:
390:
367:
353:
322:
308:
285:
271:
251:
229:(in Spanish).
196:
194:
191:
190:
189:
183:
177:
168:
167:Selected works
165:
121:New York Times
40:
37:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
630:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
575:
573:
564:
560:
557:
554:
553:
543:
537:
533:
532:
525:
521:
520:
508:
501:
489:
483:
467:
466:Honors Thesis
460:
453:
434:
430:
426:
419:
412:
410:
408:
400:
394:
378:
371:
356:
350:
346:
345:
337:
335:
333:
331:
329:
327:
311:
305:
301:
300:
292:
290:
274:
272:0-253-33504-3
268:
264:
263:
255:
236:
232:
228:
227:Segundo Epoca
221:
214:
212:
210:
208:
206:
204:
202:
197:
187:
184:
181:
178:
175:
171:
170:
164:
162:
157:
153:
149:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
122:
118:
113:
111:
107:
103:
102:sex education
99:
95:
94:birth control
89:
86:
82:
81:Latin America
78:
73:
71:
70:Genaro García
67:
62:
60:
55:
52:
51:
46:
36:
33:
29:
25:
21:
530:
523:
498:– via
492:. Retrieved
482:
470:. Retrieved
465:
452:
440:. Retrieved
433:the original
428:
424:
398:
393:
381:. Retrieved
370:
358:. Retrieved
343:
313:. Retrieved
298:
276:. Retrieved
261:
254:
242:. Retrieved
235:the original
230:
226:
185:
179:
172:
158:
154:
150:
116:
114:
90:
74:
65:
63:
56:
48:
42:
19:
18:
583:1958 deaths
578:1892 births
28:Mexico City
24:Teocaltiche
572:Categories
193:References
136:with the
98:free love
39:Biography
22:(1892 in
559:Archived
494:18 April
472:25 March
442:28 March
383:27 March
360:27 March
315:27 March
278:27 March
244:25 March
174:justicia
59:Carranza
32:suffrage
538:
425:Arenal
351:
306:
269:
126:Oaxaca
100:, and
462:(PDF)
436:(PDF)
421:(PDF)
238:(PDF)
223:(PDF)
536:ISBN
496:2015
474:2015
444:2015
385:2015
362:2015
349:ISBN
317:2015
304:ISBN
280:2015
267:ISBN
246:2015
108:and
526:in
231:VII
574::
464:.
429:18
423:.
406:^
325:^
288:^
225:.
200:^
140:,
132:,
128:,
96:,
544:.
502:.
476:.
446:.
387:.
364:.
319:.
282:.
248:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.