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considered nature to be a collaborator in this project, so she and Mee conducted a number of tests to see how the natural conditions of the site might shape the fog. They conducted tests of the output of various atomizing devices, wind tunnel tests of models of the pavilion, and studies of the wind patterns at the Pepsi
Pavilion site in Osaka. The fog sculpture became recognized as one of the signature projects of the Pepsi Pavilion, and the fog system was patented by both Mee (hardware) and Nakaya (airflow) after Expo '70. Nakaya has since established many other fog installations at galleries worldwide, including the
271:. However, the Tokyo terminal of this project had the most developed administrative structure of all the nodes, both because it required a translation team to translate incoming messages into Japanese and outgoing ones into English, and because E.A.T. Tokyo had organized the participation of a number of well known media and cultural figures including manga artist and animator
982:, refers to the work of Nakaya as his character Robert Langdon visits the Guggenheim in Bilbao, Spain in search of former student Edmond Kirsch. Noting that the fog sculpture constantly changes shape, Brown uses the setting to create an ethereal and dramatic scene as Langdon enters the Guggenheim museum.
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Nakaya has received numerous awards including the
Australian Cultural Award, the Laser d’Or at the Locarno International Video Festival, the Yoshida Isoya Special Award, the Minister for Posts and Telecommunications Award for artistic contribution to HDTV programming and the Special Achievement Prize
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The notion of “freedom” is conditioned by such behavior of medium. Therefore, the devotion to medium found in Fujiko Nakaya’s works fundamentally contradicts with artworks posited as forms of expression (these are bound to be regulated as deterministic tautology, stuck in the repetition of the same).
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Nakaya's fog works have dominated her practice since the closing of Video
Gallery SCAN in 1992. In an interview on April 27, 2014 with Irene Shum Allen, Nakaya explained that she doesn't directly create images with her fog sculptures, instead the fog is a kind of transducer that reacts to the local
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to create a playground in which dense fog envelops visitors twice each hour at Showa Kinen Park in Tokyo. Visitors experience the sense of being lost as the fog develops and being found again as the fog dissipates. The work is intended to evoke a reverence for nature and a reminder of the cycle of
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in Osaka. While the invitation did not require a specific kind of fog, Nakaya was concerned a chemical fog would limit who could participate in the work, so she took the opportunity to design the world's first water-based atmospheric fog sculpture with the help of engineer Thomas Mee. Nakaya
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Since the 1970s, Nakaya has been a key figure of the video art scene in Japan, often serving as a conduit between North
American and Japanese art practitioners. She first embarked on video at the invitation of Canadian video artist Michael Goldberg, and she worked with
375:. The gallery sponsored semiannual competitions for new works by artists, thus becoming a platform for promising new video artists to display their work. It also presented solo exhibitions through a series called SCAN FOCUS. Notable FOCUS exhibitions featured
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meteorological conditions. She commented that the landscape can appear to be largely static until fog is introduced. With the introduction of fog, nature's stories and information are made more accessible to the observer. Artist and art critic
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255:, and over the course of August, 1971, the four terminals traded messages predicting what the world might be like ten years into the future, in 1981. This telex network was organized on the occasion of the exhibition
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What her works instead reveal is the force that transcends and overflows all forms of regulation: the behavior of medium, which is the absolute condition for “freedom” in this world (along with our “free will”).
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that formed on the occasion of this show, and worked on both community collaborative projects and individual video sculptures from the 1970s through the 1990s. Her works have often been cited as examples of
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Video from Tokyo to Fukui and Kyoto The Museum of Modern Art, New York, Long Beach Museum of Art, Vancouver Art
Gallery, the Prefectural Museum of Art, Fukui, 19.4.1979-April 1980
31:
423:, among others. It also experimented with live satellite broadcasting, presented video sculptures, and introduced new works from artists in the Philippines, Thailand, and China.
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1974 : Fog
Environment for David Tudor Concert "ISLAND EYE ISLAND EAR" (Collaboration with David Tudor, Jacqueline Monnier), Knavelskar Island, Sweden (Produced by
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Fujiko Nakaya went to high school in Tokyo, graduating from Japan Women's
University High School. After high school, she went to the United States to pursue a degree at
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artist, and in 1960 his ink paintings were shown alongside Fujiko Nakaya's oil paintings in an exhibition at
Sherman Gallery in Chicago. In recent years exhibitions at
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Yamaguchi, Katsuhiro; Matsumoto, Toshio; Andō, Kōhei; Imura, Takahiko; Yamamoto, Keigo; Idemitsu, Mako; Kawanaka, Nobuhiro; Kobayashi, Hakudo; Imai, Norio (2010),
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2006 : Descartes
Science Communication Prize, nominee, EU Commission -Curation of a science and art exhibition "Conversations with snow and ice" in Latvia
513:. According to the pair, Nakaya thought their original idea unachievable, but "it was her idea about irregular nozzle concentrations that saved the day."
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Yet beyond making video works, she also translated texts on video and promoted
Japanese artists abroad. In 1974 she published a Japanese translation of
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in Japan from October, 2018 through January 2019. The first retrospective outside Japan followed from April 2022 through July 2022 in Munich, Germany.
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likens Fujiko Nakaya's interest in video and fog to her father's use of photography and film to record snow and atmospheric conditions, and relates
141:, Illinois, USA. She graduated from Northwestern with a Bachelor of Arts in 1957 and went on to study painting in Paris and Madrid up until 1959.
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1994 : "Greenland Glacial Moraine Garden", Ukichiro Nakaya Museum of Snow and Ice, Kaga City, Japan (Architect : Arata Isozaki),
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157:), Nakaya returned to Japan in 1960. She exhibited her oil paintings in the two-person show with her father at the Sherman Art Gallery in
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by establishing the Tokyo branch of E.A.T. with Kobayashi Hakudō and Morioka Yūji. Their first project was the Tokyo node of the project
452:'s collections—to Fujiko Nakaya's interest in contingent processes rather than completed objects in both her video and fog practices.
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in 1966, but did not officially join the group until she became the Tokyo representative for E.A.T. in 1969. She was invited by
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award in sculpture from the Japan Art Association in 2018. The first large-scale retrospective of Nakaya's work was held at
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Nakaya, Fujiko; Rockwell, Tom; McDougall, Marina; Markopoulos, Leigh; Urbach, Henry; Exploratorium (Organization) (2013).
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Fog Sculpture #94925 "Foggy Wake in a Desert: An Ecosphere," Sculpture Garden, Australian National Gallery, Canberra
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Phillips, Patricia C. (2004). "A Parallax Practice: A Conversation with Elizabeth Diller and Ricardo Scofidio".
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have illustrated the influence of Ukichiro Nakaya's ideas and scientific practice on Fujiko Nakaya's artmaking.
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1019:"2008 [12th] Japan Media Arts Festival | Special Achievement Prize | Japan Media Arts Plaza"
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in Tokyo in 1987, 1989, and 1993. The festivals featured both new and established artists, including work by
448:'s ethics of documenting nature in its imperfection—even photographing the "ugly" snow crystals left out of
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1983 : Finalist, The First International Water Sculpture Competition -Fog Performance "Louisiana Dump"
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110:, who is credited with making the first artificial snowflakes, was at the time an assistant professor at
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Klüver, Billy; Martin, Julie; Rose, Barbara; Experiments in Art and Technology (Organization) (1972).
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has written extensively on Nakaya's work, and ties her fog works to the work of her father, scientist
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1248:"Collection of Documents Published by E.A.T : Collection of Documents Published by E.A.T."
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1946:
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118:, a producer of documentary and educational films. Ukichirō Nakaya was also an accomplished
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Fog Sculpture #28634: "Dialogue", Technology for Living: Experiments in Art and Technology,
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When working in fog, Nakaya often collaborates with other creators, including video artist
351:
334:
177:, founded in 1967. Nakaya had first performed with E.A.T. as a remote-control operator for
1490:"The lucid, unclouded fog—the movement of bright and swinging water particles.│Kagakuukan"
8:
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391:. Video Gallery SCAN also organized the Japan International Video Television Festival at
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114:. Her father later produced a number of documentary films and radio programs and founded
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Nakaya first gained prominence through her participation in the American art collective
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2008 : Media Arts Festival, Special Achievement Prize -Contribution to Media Arts
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2001 : Minister of Communication Award -Artistic contribution to HDTV Programming
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1989: "System/apparatus for making a cloud sculpture from water-fog" Patent #1502386
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links the indeterminacy of Nakaya's fog and video works through the idea of medium:
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The Science of Play: How to Build Playgrounds That Enhance Children's Development
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1656:"Remise des insignes de Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres à Mme Fujiko Nakaya"
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Making Video "In": the contested ground of alternative video on the West Coast
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The lucid, unclouded fog―the movement of bright and swinging water particles.
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The Great Migrator - Robert Rauschenberg and the Global: Rise of American Art
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161:(1960) followed by her first solo exhibition, featuring twelve paintings, at
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1539:"The New York Times > Magazine > Slide Show > Beyond the Swing Set"
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2018 : "Fog x FLO" includes five site-responsive installations along
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1976 : Australian Cultural Award -Fog Sculpture #94768 "Earth Talk"
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Nakaya's Fog Sculpture #08025 "F.O.G.," Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Spain
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1990 : Laser d'Or, Locarno Video Festival -Contribution of SCAN
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life and death. In 2002 Nakaya acted as a consultant to architects
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304:, Ginza, in 1972. She was a central member of the video collective
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After spending some time in Europe where she briefly studied with
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2015 : "Fog Bridge", fog installation and exhibition at the
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199:(for whom she had translated during his 1964 performance at the
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at the 2008 Japan Media Arts Festival Nakaya was awarded the
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2017 : Commandeur, Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, France
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Kagakuukan かがく宇かん | at the intersection of science and art
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Kagakuukan かがく宇かん | at the intersection of science and art
1459:"Interview with Fog Artist Fujiko Nakaya, The Glass House"
1004:. Tokyo, Japan: Fondation d’entreprise Hermès. p. 26.
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1992 : Minister of Construction Award -"Foggy Forest"
789:, commissioned by the Yamaguchi Center for Arts and Media
785:, fog installation, light and sound in collaboration with
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Fog Sculpture #94925: Foggy Wake in a Desert: An Ecosphere
239:, Ginza. The Tokyo terminal was connected to terminals in
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In 1980 Nakaya opened Japan's first video art gallery in
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for the Matrix Festival, Vancouver, in 1973 and assisted
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Eleventh Japan International Contemporary Art Exhibition
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to organize the first exhibition of video art in Japan,
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Experiments in Art and Technology collaborating artists
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1053:"Anarchive n°5 - FUJIKO NAKAYA 中谷 芙二子 FOG 霧 BROUILLARD"
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1993 : Yoshida Isoya Special Award -"Foggy Forest"
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203:) to create a fog sculpture for the Pepsi Pavilion at
1092:霧の抵抗: 中谷芙二子展 = Resistance of fog : Fujiko Nakaya
168:
792:2011 : fog installation in collaboration with
231:that ran from July 30 to September 30, 1971 at the
949:2018 : Praemium Imperial Award in Sculpture,
2210:Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
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623:y, New York (recreated in 1981, 1996, and 2010)
287:Video Hiroba, Video Art, and Video Gallery SCAN
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1566:. University Press of New England. p. 42.
891:in celebration of the 20th anniversary of the
808:Fog Garden #07172 - Moss Garden Nicey-sur-Aire
73:
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972:for the Department of Cinema, College of Arts
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371:by her friend and collaborator, video artist
16:Japanese artist, known for her fog sculptures
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1279:, New York, N.Y.: Electronic Arts Intermix,
542:1970 : Fog Sculpture "PEPSI PAVILION,"
630:The 11th International Sculpture Conference
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354:'s 1979 exhibition of Japanese video art,
175:Experiments in Art and Technology (E.A.T.)
1348:Davis, Douglas; Simmons, Allison (1977).
1002:Greenland by Fujiko & Ukichiro Nakaya
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578:, interactive video installation at the
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223:, Nakaya continued working as a part of
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1276:Vital signals early Japanese video art.
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771:, for Conversations with Snow and Ice,
610:National Gallery of Australia, Canberra
315:Friends of Minamata Victims—Video Diary
298:Video Communication: Do-It-Yourself-Kit
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1424:. New York: The Museum of Modern Art.
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740:, Fog Sculpture in collaboration with
317:and her 1973 interactive installation
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1089:中谷芙二子; 山峰潤也; 水戶芸術館; 現代美術センター (2019).
978:2017: Author Dan Brown, in the novel
853:Arnolfini Centre of Contemporary Arts
505:, created for the Swiss Expo 2002 on
267:for the hundredth anniversary of the
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857:IBT15 Bristol International Festival
773:The Natural History Museum of Latvia
313:'s oeuvre, including her 1972 piece
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617:Opal Loop/Cloud Installation #72503
485:. In 1992 Nakaya collaborated with
357:Video from Tokyo to Fukui and Kyoto
188:9 Evenings: Theatre and Engineering
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1513:Okazaki, Kenjirō (December 2017).
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86:is a Japanese artist, a member of
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1443:Birnbaum, Alfred. "Japan video."
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225:Experiments in Art and Technology
169:Experiments in Art and Technology
88:Experiments in Art and Technology
1319:(in Japanese). 東京: アルテスパブリッシング.
598:Fog Sculpture #94768: Earth Talk
561:Old People's Wisdom—Cultural DNA
29:
2195:21st-century Japanese sculptors
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1469:from the original on 2021-12-20
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1389:. Vancouver: Video In Studios.
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1354:. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
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1130:. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
257:Utopias & Visions 1871-1981
128:Le Forum at Ginza Maison Hermès
2200:Northwestern University alumni
1720:Lives and works, Fujiko Nakaya
1591:10.1080/00043249.2004.10791135
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903:Munich Fog (Fogfall) #10865/II
733:, Spain (Permanent Collection)
646:Waterfall: An Integrated River
1:
2180:Japanese contemporary artists
1190:Over the water: Fujiko Nakaya
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968:1979-1998 : lecturer at
744:in Valencia Harbour, The 1st
661:National Gallery of Australia
584:Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum
487:Atsushi Kitagawara Architects
1632:"Fujiko Nakaya. Nebel Leben"
1351:The New television: a public
893:Emerald Necklace Conservancy
727:Fog Sculpture #08025: F.O.G.
676:Museum of Modern Art, Toyoma
648:, video installation at The
7:
1515:"What Overflows│Kagakuukan"
899:Munich Fog (Wave), #10865/I
551:Friends of Minamata Victims
210:Australian National Gallery
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10:
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1418:London, Barbara J (1979).
1251:www.fondation-langlois.org
963:Other notable achievements
816:Arrondissement de Commercy
700:National Art Center, Tokyo
342:. Nakaya also represented
106:in 1933, where her father
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2016:
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1383:Abbott, Jennifer (2000).
1165:. New York: E.P. Dutton.
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621:Trisha Brown Dance Compan
263:in Stockholm, curated by
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1124:Ikegami, Hiroko (2014).
731:Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
667:(permanent installation)
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367:. The gallery was named
214:Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
98:Early life and education
2117:Michelangelo Pistoletto
2058:Michelangelo Pistoletto
1680:Wolf Prize in Arts 2023
1562:Soloman, Susan (2014).
1000:Setsuda, Reiko (2017).
769:Fog Chamber-Riga #26422
759:Norrköpings konstmuseum
195:, at the suggestion of
135:Northwestern University
2190:20th-century sculptors
1850:Eduardo Souto de Moura
867:Pathfinder #18700 Oslo
682:Fog Sculpture: Skyline
674:video installation at
606:Foggy Wake in a Desert
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1947:Mstislav Rostropovich
951:Japan Art Association
798:Asuka Historical Park
796:, Ishibutai Tumulus,
635:Fog Sculpture: Kawaji
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1911:Krzysztof Penderecki
980:Origin (Brown novel)
885:Fredrick Law Olmsted
698:video installation,
650:Miyagi Museum of Art
352:Museum of Modern Art
350:with organizing the
229:Utopia Q&A, 1981
181:'s performance work
2175:People from Sapporo
1876:Yoshiharu Tsukamoto
1691:Brown, Dan (2017).
1543:archive.nytimes.com
1445:Mediamatic Magazine
909:in Munich, Germany.
855:, commissioned for
710:Showa Memorial Park
708:, Children's Park,
686:Parc de la Villette
684:, Jardin de l'eau,
335:Guerilla Television
319:Old People's Wisdom
294:Katsuhiro Yamaguchi
212:, Canberra and the
197:Robert Rauschenberg
116:Iwanami Productions
112:Hokkaido University
102:Nakaya was born in
84:, born 15 May 1933)
2185:Japanese sculptors
1840:David Chipperfield
1828:Álvaro Siza Vieira
1798:Giancarlo De Carlo
1774:Wolf Prize in Arts
1488:Okazaki, Kenjirō.
1447:vol. 3 # 1 (1988).
957:Wolf Prize in Arts
602:Biennale of Sydney
563:, installation at
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519:Praemium Imperiale
501:2017-03-12 at the
387:, Norio Imai, and
369:Video Gallery SCAN
201:Sōgetsu Art Center
124:Oslo Kunstforening
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2064:Rosemarie Trockel
1893:Vladimir Horowitz
1772:Laureates of the
1396:978-1-55152-022-3
1361:978-0-262-04050-1
1326:978-4-86559-116-3
1286:978-0-615-33326-7
1223:"| Exploratorium"
1200:978-0-943451-70-1
1193:. Exploratorium.
1137:978-0-262-52611-1
1102:978-4-8459-1820-1
822:Fog Bridge #72494
511:Yverdon-les-Bains
492:Diller + Scofidio
66:
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2111:Louise Bourgeois
2087:Eduardo Chillida
2052:Louise Bourgeois
1951:Daniel Barenboim
1897:Olivier Messiaen
1868:Elizabeth Diller
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889:Emerald Necklace
565:Computer Art '73
483:Ryūichi Sakamoto
421:Marina Abromavic
330:Michael Shamberg
281:Ichiyanagi Toshi
235:showroom in the
155:Fūjita Tsuguharu
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1967:Plácido Domingo
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839:The Glass House
812:Vent des forêts
576:Standing an Egg
539:
503:Wayback Machine
481:, and musician
469:, light artist
446:Ukichirō Nakaya
438:Ukichirō Nakaya
434:Kenjirō Okazaki
429:
289:
279:, and composer
171:
151:Leonard Foujita
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1994:
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450:Wilson Bentley
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69:Fujiko Nakaya
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27:
23:Fujiko Nakaya
20:
2143:Richard Long
2138:
2099:Bruce Nauman
2034:Jasper Johns
2024:Marc Chagall
1991:Ádám Fischer
1971:Simon Rattle
1862:Moshe Safdie
1812:Denys Lasdun
1781:Architecture
1729:
1692:
1686:
1675:
1664:. Retrieved
1660:the original
1650:
1639:. Retrieved
1635:
1585:(3): 62–79.
1582:
1578:
1572:
1563:
1557:
1546:. Retrieved
1542:
1533:
1522:. Retrieved
1518:
1508:
1497:. Retrieved
1493:
1483:
1471:. Retrieved
1463:VernissageTV
1462:
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1378:
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1275:
1254:. Retrieved
1250:
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1231:. Retrieved
1229:. 2013-04-04
1226:
1217:
1189:
1161:
1154:
1126:
1119:
1095:. フィルムアート社.
1091:
1056:
1027:. Retrieved
1023:the original
1001:
995:
955:2023 :
917:
902:
898:
866:
865:2017 :
835:
821:
820:2013 :
807:
806:2011 :
783:Cloud Forest
782:
781:2010 :
768:
767:2005 :
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736:2001 :
726:
725:1998 :
706:Foggy Forest
705:
704:1992 :
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681:
680:1988 :
671:
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655:1983 :
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634:
633:1980 :
627:
616:
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608:in 1983 for
605:
597:
596:1976 :
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574:1974 :
564:
560:
559:1973 :
554:
550:
549:1972 :
515:
475:Trisha Brown
464:
459:
430:
409:Peter Callas
397:General Idea
362:
355:
344:Video Hiroba
339:
333:
325:
322:
318:
314:
311:Video Hiroba
306:Video Hiroba
297:
290:
275:, scientist
273:Tezuka Osamu
256:
228:
218:
193:Billy Klüver
186:
182:
172:
148:
132:
101:
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67:
2165:1933 births
1927:Zubin Mehta
1907:Isaac Stern
1834:Jean Nouvel
1804:Frank Gehry
1579:Art Journal
847:Connecticut
696:Four Wells,
672:Meltee-vee,
628:Cloud Lake,
604:, (renamed
555:Video Diary
179:Deborah Hay
59:Nationality
44:15 May 1933
2159:Categories
1808:Jørn Utzon
1666:2018-01-02
1641:2022-07-07
1548:2021-02-01
1524:2021-02-01
1499:2021-02-01
1473:9 November
1430:1005888698
1316:日本メディアアート史
1300:2021-02-01
1256:2021-02-01
1233:2017-03-09
1111:1088409734
1029:2009-12-15
987:References
843:New Canaan
763:Norrköping
748:Biennial,
639:Bill Viola
600:, The 2nd
479:Min Tanaka
473:, dancers
467:Bill Viola
377:Bill Viola
373:Bill Viola
277:Oda Minoru
233:Fuji Xerox
2080:Sculpture
1901:Josef Tal
1818:Frei Otto
1615:223299521
1607:191479053
1599:0004-3249
1370:426217155
1335:961184007
1295:703353938
1209:950415595
1146:876434557
714:Tachikawa
417:Dumb Type
413:Gary Hill
249:Ahmedabad
245:Stockholm
2119:(2006/7)
2113:(2002/3)
2089:(1984/5)
2060:(2006/7)
2054:(2002/3)
2048:(1994/5)
2017:Painting
1933:(1995/6)
1824:(1996/7)
1790:(1983/4)
1611:ProQuest
1467:Archived
1405:32015940
1162:Pavilion
918:Source:
746:Valencia
665:Canberra
652:, Miyagi
544:Expo '70
499:Archived
365:Harajuku
323:Cultural
241:New York
221:Expo '70
205:Expo '70
165:(1962).
139:Evanston
62:Japanese
1724:PDFfile
901:" and "
861:England
716:(Tokyo)
586:, Tokyo
546:, Osaka
454:Okazaki
442:Okazaki
300:at the
259:at the
159:Chicago
104:Sapporo
48:Sapporo
2145:(2023)
2135:(2017)
2125:(2014)
2107:(1998)
2101:(1993)
2095:(1989)
2072:(2020)
2066:(2011)
2042:(1990)
2036:(1986)
2030:(1981)
2009:(2024)
2003:(2021)
1993:(2018)
1983:(2015)
1973:(2012)
1963:(2008)
1953:(2004)
1943:(2000)
1923:(1991)
1913:(1987)
1903:(1982)
1878:(2022)
1864:(2019)
1858:(2016)
1852:(2013)
1846:(2010)
1836:(2005)
1830:(2001)
1814:(1992)
1800:(1988)
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879:Norway
834:2014:
644:1981:
619:, for
591:E.A.T.
419:, and
393:Spiral
247:, and
219:After
145:Career
120:sumi-e
75:中谷 芙二子
1886:Music
1603:S2CID
905:" at
836:Veil,
750:Spain
690:Paris
537:Works
253:telex
153:(aka
52:Japan
1734:(by
1697:ISBN
1595:ISSN
1475:2017
1426:OCLC
1401:OCLC
1391:ISBN
1366:OCLC
1356:ISBN
1331:OCLC
1321:ISBN
1291:OCLC
1281:ISBN
1205:OCLC
1195:ISBN
1167:OCLC
1142:OCLC
1132:ISBN
1107:OCLC
1097:ISBN
875:Oslo
802:Nara
777:Riga
738:IRIS
721:Kaga
477:and
381:DCTV
326:DNA.
185:for
183:Solo
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