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373:. Modern tanks are non-metallic and sealed to stop leaks. Some have double walls or other structures that provide a side benefit of thermal insulation while pursuing the main goal of keeping gasoline out of the soil around the tank. So while the air temperature can easily vary between 30 and 85 °F (−1 and 29 °C), the gasoline warms or cools much more slowly, especially underground, as deep soil temperature tends to remain in a narrow range throughout the year, regardless of air temperature.
565:
581:
517:, Corson observed a worker filling a barrel with gasoline and thought it inefficient. The sound of a toilet flushing later gave him the idea for a "butterfly float." After developing a prototype with his assistant, Paul Wenke, Corson gave the suggestion to the company who later filed for a patent in his name. The initial intent of the device was to "allow a person to fill more than one barrel at the same time." This mechanism eventually developed into the modern gasoline pump cut-off valve.
416:. Inspection dates and test results are required, by law, to be displayed to consumers on a sticker on gasoline pumps. Under the 2011 Fairness at the Pumps Act, a vendor with a modified or poorly maintained dispenser can be fined up to $ 50,000. However, virtually all pumps that fail inspection in Canada do so for general calibration errors caused by use over time. Intentional modification for the purpose of deceiving consumers is extremely rare, as are prosecutions.
53:
685:
385:, so two deliveries in a 24-hour period are common. Gasoline spends so little time in the retail sales system that its temperature at the point of sale does not vary significantly from winter to summer or by region. Canada has lower overall population densities and geographically larger gasoline distribution systems, compared with the United States. Temperature compensation at the retail level improves the fairness under those conditions.
199:
37:
248:) per minute (the United States limits this to 10 US gallons per minute); pumps serving trucks and other large vehicles have a higher flow rate, up to 130 litres (34 US gallons) per minute in the UK and 40 US gallons (150 litres) in the US. This flow rate is based on the diameter of the vehicle's fuel filling pipe, which limits flow to these amounts.
278:
diesel pumps have been fitted with standard gasoline nozzles. Also, the nozzle for leaded gasoline is wider than for unleaded, and the fill pipe on vehicles designed for unleaded-only was made narrower to prevent misfueling. Some diesel fuel tanks are designed to prevent the wrong type of nozzle from being used.
1071:
Gas pumps provide drivers with an easy way to put gasoline in their cars. This gas pump, made by
Gilbert and Barker Manufacturing Company, dates from about 1915. Gilbert and Barker introduced the first measuring gas pump in 1911. Customers, however, could not see the gasoline. They had to rely on the
336:
is almost always done by a 4 stroke piston meter connected to an electronic encoder. In older gasoline pumps, the meter is physically coupled to reeled numerical displays (moving wheels or cylinders with numbers on the side), while newer pumps turn the meter's movement into electrical pulses using a
264:
Nozzles are attached to the pump with flexible hoses, so they can reach the vehicle's filler inlet. The hoses are robust to survive heavy wear and tear, including exposure to weather and being driven over, and are often attached using heavy spring or coil arrangements to provide additional strength.
411:
conducts regular tests of calibration and fuel quality at individual dispensers. The department also conducts random undercover inspections using specially designed vehicles that can check the accuracy of the dispensers. The department issues correction required notices to stations with pumps found
268:
Nozzles are usually color-coded to indicate which grade of fuel they dispense, but the color-coding differs between countries and even retailers. For example, a black hose and handle in the majority of Europe indicate that the fuel dispensed is diesel, and a green dispenser indicates unleaded fuel;
368:
The reference temperature for gasoline volume measurement is 60 °F or 15 °C. Ten gallons of gasoline at that temperature expands to about 10.15 US gal (38.4 L) at 85 °F (29 °C) and contracts to about 9.83 US gal (37.2 L) at 30 °F (−1 °C).
170:
Many early gasoline pumps had a calibrated glass cylinder on top. The desired quantity of fuel was pumped up into the cylinder as indicated by the calibration. Then the pumping was stopped and the gasoline was let out into the customer's tank by gravity. When metering pumps came into use, a small
376:
Temperature compensation is common at the wholesale level in the United States and most other countries. At the retail level, Canada has converted to automatic temperature compensation, and the UK is converting, but the United States has not converted. Automatic temperature compensation, known as
388:
In the United States, each state has its own
Department of Weights and Measure, with the authority to perform all testing and certification, issuing fines for non-compliance. For example, in 2007 Arizona found that 9% of all pumps were off by at least 2.5% (the threshold for fines), evenly split
277:
Some nozzles are designed to prevent the motorist selecting the wrong fuel. The nozzle on diesel pumps is supposed to be larger so that it cannot fit into the filler pipe on a vehicle tank designed for gasoline. However, the larger diameter diesel nozzles are not an actual requirement, and many
804:
Since gasoline pumps are the focal point of distributing fuel to the general public, and fuel is a hazardous substance, they are subject to stringent requirements regarding safety, accuracy and security. The exact details differ between jurisdictions and can depend to some extent on politics.
251:
Airline refueling can reach 1,000 US gallons (3,800 litres) per minute. Higher flow rates may overload the vapor recovery system in vehicles equipped with enhanced evaporative emissions controls (required since 1996 in the US), causing excess vapor emissions, and may present a safety hazard.
380:
There are far fewer retail outlets for gasoline in the US today than there were in 1980. Larger outlets sell gasoline rapidly, as much as 30,000 US gal (110,000 L) in a single day, even in remote places. Most finished product gasoline is delivered in 8,000- to 16,000-gallon
365:(NIST) specifies the accuracy of the measurements in Handbook 44, though states set their own legal standards. The standard accuracy is 0.3%, meaning that a 10-US-gallon (37.9 L) purchase may actually deliver between 9.97 and 10.03 US gal (37.7 and 38.0 L).
218:
to control the action of the pump, drive the pump's displays, and communicate to an indoor sales system; and a mechanical section which (in a self-contained unit) has an electric motor, pumping unit, meters, pulsers and valves to physically pump and control the fuel flow.
369:
Each of the three volumes represents the same theoretical amount of energy. In one sense, a given volume of gasoline purchased at 30 °F has about 3.2% more potential energy than the same volume purchased at 85 °F. Most gasoline is stored in tanks underneath the
818:
In Taiwan, continuous fuel flow is not allowed for self service pumps; the driver must grip the nozzle until the desired amount of fuel has been delivered or until the shutoff switch is triggered. This is also the case in
Australia and the UK.
255:
Historically, gasoline pumps had a very wide range of designs to solve the mechanical problems of pumping, reliable measurement, safety, and aesthetics. This has led to some popularity in collecting antique dispensers, especially in the US.
700:
492:
payment. A year before this rule came into force, a third of 750,000 pumps needed upgrading at a cost of $ 6,000 to $ 17,000 each plus the cost of new EPOS hardware and software. With some software not expected to be ready, some
163:
was used to refer to a vertical gasoline pump. In the United States this term is now only used for trucks that carry and dispense fuel to large aircraft at airports, but it is still used sometimes in
Australia and New Zealand.
536:
system, which prevents gasoline vapor from escaping to the air. In the UK, for example, any new forecourt with a predicted throughput in excess of 500 m per month is required to have active vapor recovery installed.
520:
Most modern pumps have an automatic cut-off feature that stops the flow when the tank is full. This is done with an auxiliary sensing tube running from just inside the mouth of the nozzle to a
788:
171:
glass globe with a turbine inside replaced the measuring cylinder to show the customer that gasoline really was flowing into the tank. The first measured gas pump, commercially produced by
167:
The first gasoline pump was patented by
Norwegian John J. Tokheim in 1901. The Tokheim pump was named after him. Fuel retail industry giant OPW (a Dover company) acquired Tokheim in 2016.
184:
648:
286:
In some countries, pumps can mix two fuel products together before dispensing; this is referred to as blending or mixing. Typical usages are in a "mix" pump to add oil to petrol for
716:
808:
For example, in countries fighting corruption, such as Mexico, gasoline pumps may be more stringently monitored by government officials, to detect attempts to defraud customers.
756:
668:
265:
A breakaway valve is also fitted to the hose so that the nozzle and hose will detach and fuel flow will stop if a motorist drives off with the nozzle still in the filler.
501:
available in time, not enough technicians for the installations, and many businesses unable to afford the upgrade, it was predicted the conversion would take until 2021.
309:). Retailers benefit by offering three grades of fuel while having to stock only two. This frees up both working capital and tank capacity and improves fuel turnover.
624:
408:
776:
233:
In modern pumps, the major variations are in the number of hoses or grades they can dispense, the physical shape, and additional hardware for services such as
354:
Gasoline is difficult to sell in a fair and consistent manner by volumetric units. It expands and contracts significantly as its temperature changes. Its
1207:
210:(indicated as "Polttoöljy"/"Brännolja"/"MPÖ"; primarily intended for non-road vehicles such as those used in the agricultural and construction sectors)
1347:
580:
412:
to be inaccurate. Most other US states conduct similar inspections. In Canada, inspections are regularly conducted by the federal government agency
159:. He later improved upon the pump by adding safety measures, and by adding a hose to directly dispense fuel into automobiles. For a while, the term
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1484:
432:
362:
436:
1054:
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909:
202:
A four pump dispenser at a petrol station in
Finland. The dispenser shown here dispenses 95E10 and 98E5 petrol; diesel as well as low tax
587:
1238:
936:
But one doesn't have to be an
Australian to enter the Australian lexicon — take bowser 'petrol pump' (in Australia), which is
1224:
740:
226:. In general, submersible solutions in Europe are installed in hotter countries, where suction pumps may have problems overcoming
482:
524:
in the pump handle. A mechanical valve in the pump handle detects a change of pressure and closes, preventing the flow of fuel.
435:(NIST) specifies in Handbook 44 that the tolerance of the measurements is to be 2.0%. Worldwide regulations are discussed under
1457:
1390:
1334:
SAE International
Publishes New standard, SAE J2601, to Establish Worldwide Basis for H2 Fueling of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles
1290:
SAE International publishes new standard, SAE J2601, to establish worldwide basis for H2 fueling of fuel cell electric vehicles
604:
548:
407:
In many jurisdictions, regular required inspections are conducted to ensure the accuracy of gasoline pumps. For example, the
377:
Standard
Temperature Accounting in the UK, may add a tiny amount of additional uncertainty to the measurement of about 0.1%.
1036:
222:
In some cases the actual pump may be sealed and immersed inside the fuel tanks on a site, in which case it is known as a
1488:
1588:
175:
in 1911, lacked this globe, with customers having to rely on the gas station owner to have calibrated it accurately.
1603:
1364:
392:
355:
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of a gasoline pump is used internationally as a symbol on fuel gauges of vehicles, here on a 50 ccm
Chinese-made
447:
635:
564:
17:
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1344:
1144:"California Refueling Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1998 Through 2000 Model Motor Vehicles"
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230:
with warm fuels or when the distance from tank to pump is longer than a suction pump can manage.
116:
214:
A modern gasoline pump is divided into two main parts – an electronic "head" containing an
1442:
Sampson, Julia (26 April 2010). "Did you know? Gas Pump shut-off valve was invented in Olean".
1407:
920:
854:
302:
1013:
767:
474:, and others) and proprietary software protocols. In the past, this gave pump manufacturers
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8:
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Hydrogen pumps may be regulated under terms drawn from an industry technical standard,
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41:
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Typically, individual pumps must be certified for operation after installation by a
1564:
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333:
287:
223:
187:
1458:"12/25/1991 How does a gas pump shut off automatically when the gas tank is full?"
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234:
136:
77:
57:
1583:
1323:
Report on the activities of the OIML and regional legal metrology organizations
1143:
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859:
815:
inspector, who tests that the pump displays the same amount that it dispenses.
533:
488:
By October 2017, all US gasoline pumps with credit card readers had to support
478:
for their own point-of-sale systems, since only they understood the protocols.
475:
338:
1421:
1365:"How Much Does It Cost to Convert My Gas Pump Terminals to Be EMV Chip Ready?"
1312:
Fill er up- NIST develops prototype meter test for hydrogen refueling stations
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Four old-fashioned gasoline pumps at the 2012 Greater Milwaukee Auto Show.
1241:. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Archived from
1090:"Certificate Pursuant to section 12 of the Weights and Measures Act 1985"
631:
382:
88:
183:
52:
957:"REGULATIONS REGARDING PETROLEUM PRODUCTS SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS"
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Gasoline pumps once used at the historic Morcomb's Service Station in
832:
675:
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104:
61:
28:
1391:"For gas-station operators, chip card upgrade is a pain in the pump"
485:, which has had considerable success in Europe, but less elsewhere.
462:
or other controller varies widely, involving a variety of hardware (
1193:. National Institute of Standards and Technology. 20 November 2014.
937:
555:
298:
203:
172:
148:
84:
727:
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595:
332:
The equipment must accurately measure the amount of fuel pumped.
321:
198:
794:
Wayne pump from 1923 in BP livery, at the Science Museum, London
674:
Display of various antique fuel pumps at Retro Classics 2018 in
532:
A modern fuel pump will often contain control equipment for the
659:
615:
571:
467:
463:
45:
36:
1537:"QLD: Safety alert issued over fuel dispensing nozzle latches"
723:
397:
241:
1266:"Four years later, not a penny of fines under gas-pumps law"
639:
306:
92:
81:
1109:. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 24 September 1997
513:, in 1939 by Richard C. Corson. At a loading dock at the
489:
1017:. Vol. 46, no. 21. 18 November 2004. p. 4
940:
a company established by U.S. inventor and entrepreneur
458:
Technology for communicating with gasoline pumps from a
974:
Machine at a filling station that is used to pump fuels
919:. Australian National Dictionary Centre. Archived from
409:
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
481:
An effort to standardize in the 1990s resulted in the
297:
from separate high and low octane fuels, or to blend
1107:"The EPA 10 gallon per minute fuel dispensing limit"
1072:
pump's accuracy and the gas station owner's honesty.
1510:Dickerson, Marla; Martinez, Carlos (13 June 2006).
1509:
1345:IFSF Management Intro, sec 1.1 Background history
135:The first gasoline pump was invented and sold by
1575:
358:at 20 °C is about 4.5 times that of water.
95:into vehicles. Gasoline pumps are also known as
1132:. Petroleum Equipment & Technology Archive.
147:industry- It was commonly used to dispense the
1512:"Not Quite Measuring Up at Mexico's Gas Pumps"
433:National Institute of Standards and Technology
363:National Institute of Standards and Technology
1029:
766:gasoline pumps at Soulsby Service Station in
389:between overcounting and undercounting fuel.
240:Light passenger vehicles pump up to about 50
1565:How does a gas pump know to shut itself off?
1162:"Filling Up the Backyard With a Gas Station"
1039:. Gilbarco Veeder-Root. 2020. Archived from
961:Southern African Legal Information Institute
453:
1061:. Henry Ford Museum of American Innovation
1025:– via National Library of Australia.
907:
710:. Included is a 1918 Visi Bowl pump (left)
1487:. Editorial.autos.msn.com. Archived from
1127:
654:Display of various antique fuel pumps at
431:dispense by the kilogram. In the US, the
1263:
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1084:
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1080:
1055:"Manual Crank Gasoline Pump, circa 1915"
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311:
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51:
35:
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483:International Forecourt Standards Forum
396:A state petroleum inspector visiting a
143:, on September 5, 1885, pre-dating the
14:
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1388:
1301:LA gas station gets hydrogen fuel pump
1202:
1200:
984:
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1225:"Help Center - the Arizona Republic"
1179:
586:A 1991 photograph of a fuel pump in
504:
1197:
527:
509:The shut-off valve was invented in
327:
24:
1422:"Patent US2316934 - Barrel Filler"
27:For the automobile component, see
25:
1615:
1558:
1485:"Unraveling Automotive Mysteries"
1362:
1160:Caldwell, Dave (5 October 2008).
269:the reverse is common in the US.
1389:Kharif, Olga (31 October 2016).
1239:"Bureau of Petroleum Inspection"
987:"Sept. 5, 1885: Pay at the Pump"
985:Alfred, Randy (1 October 2008).
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356:coefficient of thermal expansion
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56:A dispenser being used at a BP
1264:McGregor, Glen (14 May 2015).
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884:"Gas Stations - Wisconsin DNR"
876:
636:Roscheider Hof Open Air Museum
13:
1:
870:
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293:, to produce an intermediate
272:
1460:. Pa.msu.edu. Archived from
1130:"How Large Aircraft Fuel Up"
1128:Austerman, Gary (May 1997).
344:
7:
908:Mark Gwynn (October 2005).
822:
746:Antique gasoline pump from
419:
349:
281:
237:and attendant tag readers.
91:, or other types of liquid
10:
1620:
910:"When people become words"
130:
26:
726:" pumps, manufactured by
515:Socony-Vacuum Oil Company
454:Communications components
178:
1589:Petroleum infrastructure
1350:August 24, 2005, at the
554:Restored petrol bowser,
40:A pump, manufactured by
1604:19th-century inventions
402:Port Charlotte, Florida
1408:Bloomberg Businessweek
855:Cascade storage system
840:
404:
324:
303:compressed natural gas
211:
195:
65:
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1483:Plueddeman, Charles.
830:
768:Mount Olive, Illinois
610:Antique fuel pump in
427:dispensers in use on
395:
315:
201:
186:
55:
39:
850:Electric car charger
813:weights and measures
1594:American inventions
732:Wilton, Connecticut
441:compressed hydrogen
141:Fort Wayne, Indiana
1543:. 22 November 2016
1464:on 28 October 2011
1444:Olean Times Herald
1245:on 2 December 2010
1166:The New York Times
1009:"Fuel for thought"
841:
414:Measurement Canada
405:
325:
316:A pump display in
212:
208:Solvent Yellow 124
196:
76:is a machine at a
66:
50:
1569:The Straight Dope
1516:Los Angeles Times
1037:"Company History"
748:Savannah, Georgia
708:Glendale, Arizona
505:Automatic cut-off
429:hydrogen stations
216:embedded computer
16:(Redirected from
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1599:Filling stations
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1213:. February 2016.
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1149:. 5 August 1999.
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963:. 9 October 2019
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845:Fast fuel system
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656:Deutsches Museum
651:
634:pump located at
627:
607:
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528:Other components
334:Flow measurement
328:Flow measurement
224:submersible pump
188:Hydrogen station
80:that is used to
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1396:Chicago Tribune
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1363:Smith, Ashley.
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1352:Wayback Machine
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1043:on 30 May 2023.
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511:Olean, New York
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499:chip technology
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422:
371:filling station
361:In the US, the
352:
347:
330:
284:
275:
262:
235:pay at the pump
181:
137:Sylvanus Bowser
133:
119:countries), or
78:filling station
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5:
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1491:on 31 May 2012
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1208:"STA Guidance"
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692:Soviet Union
592:Kristinestad
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1547:20 February
1521:10 December
1495:10 December
1468:10 December
1427:10 December
1402:13 November
1275:27 February
1249:10 December
1021:21 February
993:10 December
989:. Wired.com
967:6 September
942:S.F. Bowser
938:named after
694:fuel pumps.
632:diesel fuel
558:, Australia
497:not having
495:fleet cards
400:station in
383:tank trucks
291:motorcycles
58:gas station
1578:Categories
888:dnr.wi.gov
871:References
800:Regulation
678:, Germany.
662:, Germany.
642:, Germany.
574:, Austria.
288:two-stroke
273:Misfueling
246:US gallons
228:cavitation
206:dyed with
190:pump at a
145:automobile
87:(petrol),
1014:Air Force
839:from 2008
833:pictogram
722:Antique "
676:Stuttgart
590:village,
345:Metrology
121:gas pumps
105:Australia
62:Wisconsin
29:Fuel pump
1348:Archived
1113:20 April
823:See also
724:Mobilgas
630:Antique
556:Gundagai
420:Hydrogen
350:Gasoline
299:hydrogen
282:Blending
204:fuel oil
173:Gilbarco
151:used in
149:kerosene
85:gasoline
930:24 July
917:Ozwords
837:scooter
728:Tokheim
612:Quillan
596:Finland
450:J2601.
439:R 139 (
322:Florida
194:station
131:History
97:bowsers
1065:30 May
893:1 June
660:Munich
616:France
588:Ömossa
572:Vienna
468:RS-422
464:RS-485
242:litres
179:Design
161:bowser
157:stoves
89:diesel
46:Greece
1584:Pumps
1567:from
1211:(PDF)
1171:3 May
1147:(PDF)
1093:(PDF)
924:(PDF)
913:(PDF)
764:Shell
398:Mobil
192:Shell
153:lamps
44:, in
1549:2022
1541:AIHS
1523:2011
1497:2011
1470:2011
1429:2011
1404:2019
1376:2020
1277:2019
1251:2011
1191:Nist
1173:2010
1115:2016
1067:2023
1023:2022
995:2011
969:2023
932:2013
895:2019
831:The
690:Old
640:Konz
437:OIML
307:HCNG
301:and
244:(13
155:and
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490:EMV
448:SAE
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