327:. Pancha fell in love with a gold prospector identified as Archie Henderson. Henderson had broken his leg in a fall and was nursed through recovery by Pancha and her mother. Pancha became despondent after Henderson was later found dead. A man identified as Concho was believed responsible for Henderson's death. Concho was expelled from his tribe and the bereaved Pancha jumped or fell to her death. When people observed rocks falling from the cliffs through the following years, some said Pancha's spirit was casting stones down at some passing person she thought to be Concho.
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squat, angular, pig-eyed, ragged, wretched, and insect-haunted" (Steele 1883). "Squaw" also appears to have sexual connotations, either as a description of the female genitalia (Sanders and Peek 1973) or in reference to the unjustly assumed sexual propensities of Native
American women. Apart from the linguistic debate, the word "squaw" has become offensive to many modern-day Native Americans because of usage that demeans Native women, ranging from condescending images to racial epithets.
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in various journals, notebooks, sketches, paintings, photographs, maps, recordings, and collections of the Hudson family. The following extract is taken from John Hudson's unpublished Pomo
Linguistic Manuscript Ukiah 8 21,069 (circa 1892). The Pomo words identified in the Hudson notebook appear to be in the Northern Pomo language. The
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bridge at milepost MEN 4.9. Early travelers through the canyon noted the upper portion of Frog Woman Rock resembles the profile of a head and face, with imaginatively humanoid or frog-like features. This profile can be most conveniently observed traveling southbound on
Highway 101 from mileposts MEN 6.4 to 6.2.
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Frog Woman is an important figure in Pomo traditional beliefs. She is generally portrayed as the clever and powerful wife of Coyote, the principal trickster character in many Pomo stories. In some of the stories, she is the mother of
Obsidian Man. Frog Woman lived at the place that later became known
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In 1985, as part of her doctoral dissertation, research linguist
Victoria Patterson conducted ethnographic interviews with Frances Jack, one of the last fluent speakers of the Central Pomo language. Patterson documents that in the Central Pomo dialect "Squaw Rock" was called kawao maatha qhabe, Frog
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Archival research at the Grace Hudson Museum in Ukiah revealed specific ethnographic information relevant to the
California Landmark. John Hudson was a medical doctor and ethnologist living in Mendocino County in the late 1800s. A vast amount of primary information concerning Pomo tribes is recorded
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tunnel number 8 was bored 1,270 feet (390 m) through Frog Woman Rock in 1889 to bring the railroad up the west side of the canyon. Early wagon roads up the east side of the canyon were improved to form United States
Highway 101. The present highway alignment crosses Squaw Rock Slide on a
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At present the term "squaw" is often held to be offensive by contemporary Native
Americans. It originates from an eastern Algonquian morpheme-meaning woman. In some 19th and 20th-century texts the word is used or perceived as derogatory. One author, for example, referred to "the universal 'squaw' -
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that this place was inhabited by a supernatural frog woman. This is confirmed by ethnographic sources of both the
Northern and Central Pomo peoples. The current usage of the term squaw equates with widely derogatory meanings, and therefore is offensive to modern Native Americans. In addition, the
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308:. Cachow did not keep his promise and instead married another woman. The newlyweds were camped at the base of a large rock cliff along the Russian River. All three were killed when Sotuka, holding a great stone, jumped from the precipice onto the sleeping pair below.
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Bi-tsin’ ma-ca (frog woman) syn. (Ba-tak’ ma’ca) The white woman of beautiful face but body of a frog. Could jump a hundred feet and snatch a man who after administering to her pleasures was devoured. She had a den in the face of Squaw Rock.
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In 2011, the State Office of
Historic Preservation updated this California Historical Landmark by changing the formal designation to “Frog Woman Rock” as a way to honor and respect the cultural heritage of the Pomo peoples of this region.
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Woman Rock. Thus, there is cultural and ethnographic evidence from speakers of both the Northern Pomo and Central Pomo language that this location was, and still is, known by local Native Pomo as the dwelling of Frog Woman.
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The European name Squaw Rock may have derived from the story of Lover's Leap cited in the History of Mendocino County, California, published in 1880. The legend tells of a young chief named Cachow from the village in
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problems to climbers experienced with crumbly, dirty rock. Access usually requires wading through waist-deep water, and is generally limited to low-flow periods from summer until the first major autumn rainfall.
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moved into the river channel by the earth flow remain while turbulent river flow erodes and transports smaller sediment particles of the earth flow down the Russian River. The remaining boulders form
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woman. This legend of Squaw Rock may have metamorphosed in retelling: A native American woman who died in the 1850s was said to have lived with a daughter, known as Pancha, fathered by one of the
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Indian maiden, Sotuka. Her faithless lover, Chief Cachow, married another; all three were killed when Sotuka, holding a great stone, jumped from the precipice upon the sleeping pair below."
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number 549, with a description based upon Palmer's 1880 Mendocino County History: "This early landmark, also called Lover's Leap, is associated with the purported legend of a 19th-century
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The Russian River drops at approximately 30 feet per mile near Frog Woman Rock. These rapids are popular for kayaks all year long, and may be suitable for
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known as Squaw Rock Slide. The earth flow forms the east bank of the river where the vertical cliffs of Frog Woman Rock form the west bank.
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Ka-lo’ko-ko. Small flat opposite Squaw Rock. Trail to the west of the rock. The rock is avoided because of Bi-tsin’ ma-ca living there.
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during winter and spring flows. Frog Woman Rock rapids are considered the most dangerous on the Russian River and unsuitable for
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varying from class III during summer flows of 300 cu ft/s (8.5 m/s) to class V during heavy winter runoff events.
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term squaw is an eastern Algonquian word, unknown to the local Pomo speakers of the Hokan language stock.
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newspaper published a legend written by Dr. J.C. Tucker from the recollections of an elderly
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The Russian River canyon has long been a transportation corridor between the agricultural
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as Squaw Rock. Pomo people avoided the rock for fear of being eaten by Frog Woman.
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Bi-tsin’ ma-ca Ka-be’. (frog woman cliff) Squaw Rock. A bold headland near Pieta.
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is moved westerly against the steep, resistant face of Frog Woman Rock by an
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The veracity of the above description has been debated. The 6 December 1891
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who promised to marry Sotuka, the daughter of the chief of the Sanel in
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607:. State of California, Office of Historic Preservation. Archived from
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Frog Woman Rock in profile, as viewed from the north on Highway 101
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351:(spelling of the words) is as it appears in Hudson's notebook.
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491:. Office of Historic Preservation, California State Parks
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The larger rocks adjacent to the river offer V0 to V4
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L.Palmer 1880 History of Mendocino County pg.466-468
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Frog Woman Rock as seen northbound on US Highway 101
546:Gale, V.J. and Valles, R.C.(Roadmasters) (1978).
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560:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
16:Monolith in Mendocino County, California, US
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512:(1976) State of California Resources Agency
510:Geologic Map of California:Santa Rosa Sheet
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1151:Landforms of Mendocino County, California
124:Location of Frog Woman Rock in California
1039:Armstrong Redwoods State Natural Reserve
692:United States Department of the Interior
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1176:Native American mythology of California
1166:Geology of Mendocino County, California
1110:Charles M. Schulz–Sonoma County Airport
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628:(see Pomo Myths by S.A. Barrett 1933)
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231:, is a popular recreational site for
605:"California Historical Landmark 549"
548:(untitled maintenance-of-way charts)
526:"Russian River from Hopland to Asti"
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683:Geographic Names Information System
330:In 1956, Squaw Rock was designated
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1044:Austin Creek State Recreation Area
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435:In summary, there is evidence of
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384:Read by David Wales for LibriVox
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1156:California Historical Landmarks
688:United States Geological Survey
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381:by Helen McCowen Carpenter 1897
1125:Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit
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293:Northwestern Pacific Railroad
550:. Southern Pacific Railroad.
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138:Mendocino County, California
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1171:Rapids of the United States
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379:"The Legend of Squaw Rock"
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77:38.91250°N 123.05611°W
1161:Cretaceous California
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253:Franciscan Assemblage
1049:Doyle Community Park
810:Laguna de Santa Rosa
287:and seaports around
198:Bi-tsin’ ma-ca Ka-be
82:38.91250; -123.05611
611:on October 28, 2008
528:. California Creeks
313:Sunday Morning Star
237:whitewater kayaking
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1059:Fountaingrove Lake
1034:Annadel State Park
800:Green Valley Creek
655:. Rockclimbing.Com
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247:The Russian River
172:Reference no.
39:Highest point
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956:Mark West Springs
755:Big Sulphur Creek
508:Koenig, James B.
489:"Frog Woman Rock"
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289:San Francisco Bay
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986:Rohnert Park
845:Washoe Creek
840:Spring Creek
750:Austin Creek
681:
678:"Squaw Rock"
657:. Retrieved
653:"Squaw Rock"
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613:. Retrieved
609:the original
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219:through the
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1115:Highway 101
1084:Lake Sonoma
921:Guerneville
911:Geyserville
901:Forestville
876:Camp Meeker
859:Communities
830:Piner Creek
775:Crane Creek
765:Brush Creek
738:Tributaries
639:"Mendocino"
349:orthography
342:Name change
204:located in
80: /
68:123°03′22″W
55:Coordinates
1140:Categories
1020:Parks and
996:Sebastopol
991:Santa Rosa
966:Occidental
931:Healdsburg
886:Cloverdale
795:Foss Creek
790:Five Creek
659:2010-04-27
615:2010-04-27
590:2010-04-27
532:2010-04-27
495:2012-10-09
472:References
465:bouldering
448:Recreation
416:media help
302:Cloverdale
210:California
65:38°54′45″N
961:Monte Rio
951:Mark West
780:Dry Creek
732:Watershed
556:cite book
403:full text
325:Fort Ross
257:earthflow
212:, in the
93:Geography
45:Elevation
981:Rio Nido
881:Cazadero
871:Calpella
321:Russians
261:Boulders
202:monolith
145:Topo map
134:Location
1011:Windsor
1001:Talmage
936:Hopland
454:rafting
306:Hopland
271:History
249:channel
243:Geology
223:. The
153:Hopland
946:Korbel
941:Jenner
916:Graton
906:Fulton
891:Cotati
458:canoes
265:rapids
217:canyon
1103:Other
1006:Ukiah
336:Sanel
1181:Pomo
866:Asti
562:link
235:and
194:Pomo
150:USGS
291:.
175:549
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554:{{
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