31:
403:
commission the writing of supposed histories of their ancestors to prove that they too had participated in the early
Crusades. Some of these legendary accounts were probably outright fabrications while others were based on tenuous and shaky premises. Much the same type of arguments — "if so-and-so was present at Jerusalem in 1099, then certainly my ancestor of the same period must also have been there" — have been employed in England to attach one's ancestors to the
245:
402:
and the early modern period the prestige of participation in the
Crusades coupled with the legendary nature of what most people knew about the First Crusade encouraged many Europeans to invent fictitious genealogies making their ancestors warriors who had helped take Jerusalem in 1099 or to
200:, who was supposed to have led the siege with the help of a heavenly army under the command of Saint Maurice. Apparently, his grave was marked by a palm tree, whose fruits caused miraculous healings. There must have been some confusion, however, with the grave of another knight,
69:
are almost always referred to collectively by contemporary chroniclers of the
Crusades and few names of individual Frisian crusaders can be found in the historical record. They generally composed a naval force in conjunction with other larger bodies of crusaders.
132:
of 1096. Of the eight—Tjepke
Forteman, Jarig Ludingaman, Feike Botnia, Elke and Sicco Lyauckama (cousins), Epe Hartman, Ige Galama, and Obboke (Ubbo) Hermana, son of Hessel—only two, Botnia and Sicco Lyauckama, were said to have survived the pilgrimage to
610:, Cambridge, 1954, pp. 124, 129. Runciman remarks that the Frisians were "punished for their desertion of the cause by death in a great flood that swept over Frisia the day after their arrival there."
620:
590:
681:
Die
Teilnahme der Friesen an den Kreuzzügen ultra mare vornehmlich im 12. Jahrhundert. Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Seefahrt im 12. Jahrhundert
117:
201:
223:, massacring its Muslim inhabitants. Frisian ships, perhaps the same ones as took Alvor, are mentioned as present at Acre under the command of
498:
761:
Villegas-Aristizábal, Lucas. "A Frisian
Perspective on Crusading in Iberia as Part of the Sea Journey to the Holy Land, 1217–1218,"
794:
559:
755:
17:
349:
574:"Was the Portuguese Led Military Campaign against Alcácer do Sal in the Autumn of 1217 Part of the Fifth Crusade"
315:
447:
799:
249:
196:
in late summer and early fall. A thirteenth-century legend praises the
Frisian knight Poptatus Ulvinga from
496:'De Friezen als uitverkoren volk. Religieus-patriottische geschiedschrijving in vijftiende-eeuws Friesland'
116:
Although unsubstantiated by any contemporary writing, the apocryphal sixteenth-century
Frisian chronicler
731:
The
Italian Crusades: The Papal-Angevin Alliance and the Crusades Against Christian Lay Powers, 1254–1343
307:
804:
426:, bk. 4, ch. 13, trans. E.A. Babcock and A. C. Krey, Columbia University Press, 1943, vol. I, pg. 208.
318:
of 1218–1219 in Egypt, but the
Frisian contingent returned home early and the siege ended in failure.
93:, drawing his information from Fulcher, mentions Frisians as part of the troops led by Godfrey at the
591:"A Frisian Perspective on Crusading in Iberia as Part of the Sea Journey to the Holy Land, 1217–1218"
707:"Narratio de Itinere Navali Peregrinorum Hierosolymam Tendentium et Silviam Capientium, A. D. 1189."
621:
A Frisian Perspective on Crusading in Iberia as Part of the Sea Journey to the Holy Land, 1217–1218
229:
73:
The first Frisians to participate in the First Crusade were part of the army which was led to the
736:
789:
784:
495:
353:
192:. Though there is no further mention of Frisians, they probably participated in the successful
34:
Frisian crusaders attack the tower of Damietta during the Fifth Crusade (from the 13th-century
687:
345:
322:
208:
189:
102:
101:, there was also a fleet of pirates, hailing from Denmark, Frisia, and Flanders and led by
274:
they sailed in the spring of 1217 and they met the crusading fleet at the English port of
124:
wrote in some detail of eight Frisian nobles who allegedly took up the cross and followed
30:
8:
376:
270:
265:
257:
216:
129:
106:
82:
78:
404:
365:
326:
779:
751:
721:
Crusades: The Journal of the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East
554:
333:. Numerous Frisians took up the offer, but the crusade ended inconclusively in 1232.
197:
283:
399:
341:
330:
303:
275:
224:
185:
141:
125:
94:
502:
435:
388:
357:
337:
295:
193:
153:
90:
36:
702:, ed. by Rolf H. Bremmer Jr., Geart van der Meer, Oebele Vries. Amsterdam, 2007.
651:
Preaching the Crusades: Mendicant Friars and the Cross in the Thirteenth Century
638:
Preaching the Crusades: Mendicant Friars and the Cross in the Thirteenth Century
573:
726:
368:
291:
220:
181:
149:
773:
261:
212:
145:
110:
98:
56:
52:
41:
157:
227:: these Frisians arrived in connection with Danish ships according to the
472:. 1616. German trans. by Erich von Reeken (Wörner, 1982), vol. 1, p. 100.
361:
356:
and, on 3 November 1248, William, now crowned king of Germany, confirmed
311:
215:, a fleet of Frisians, Danes, Flemings, and Germans, assisted by a small
121:
86:
61:
543:
The Conquest of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade: Sources in Translation
161:
706:
392:
380:
169:
134:
74:
244:
384:
173:
66:
299:
287:
234:
177:
165:
260:
and around 1215, the Frisians responded to the preaching of the
248:
Frisian crusaders attack the tower of Damietta in a painting by
664:
The Shaping of German Identity: Authority and Crisis, 1245–1414
279:
238:
716:
372:
282:, where they refused to help the Portuguese take the city of
59:. They participated in almost all the major Crusades and the
712:, Vol. 81, No. 5. (Dec. 31, 1939), pp 591–679, esp. 663–666.
483:
A History of the Crusades, vol. II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem
391:
travelling with them for some 300 marks that were stolen in
55:, but their presence is only felt substantially during the
539:
The Old French Continuation of William of Tyre (1184–1197)
444:
The Old French Continuation of William of Tyre (1184–1197)
379:
when travelling through his lands, because he ordered the
608:
A History of the Crusades, vol III: The Kingdom of Acre
321:
Between the summer of 1228 and winter of 1231, Bishop
89:
was one of the many tongues spoken by the crusaders.
440:
A History of the Crusades, vol. I: The First Crusade
286:. A detachment of the Frisian fleet then sacked the
692:: The Image of the Frisians in the Crusade Stories"
529:, trans. Helen J. Nicholson, Ashgate, 1997, pg. 78.
256:Around 1209 there were Frisians in the army of the
340:in 1247 and 1248, but their vows were commuted by
710:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
442:, Cambridge University Press, 1951, pp. 165–166.
771:
545:, trans. Peter W. Edbury, Ashgate, 1998, pg. 82.
188:in 1147 on the way to the Holy Land through the
180:, and Frisians assembled in connection with the
523:Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi
314:and Flemish soldiers. They participated in the
640:(Cambridge University Press, 1998), p. 167–68.
310:, they arrived in a mixed army consisting of
302:before continuing on to the East. Under the
120:and the early seventeenth-century historian
763:Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History
666:(Cambridge University Press, 2012), p. 331.
625:Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History
595:Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History
375:in 1270. They were under the protection of
344:in order to allow them to join their lord,
336:A large bloc of Frisians vowed to join the
51:is attested from the very beginning of the
653:(Cambridge University Press, 1998), p. 67.
81:and they are only mentioned in passing by
360:that had supposedly been granted them by
219:presence, in about 50 ships attacked and
243:
29:
507:Jaarboek voor Middeleeuwse Geschiedenis
329:in Frisia, recruiting soldiers for his
268:and promised a fleet. According to the
27:Involvement of Frisians in the Crusades
14:
772:
509:11 (2008), pp. 175-204. Y. Poortinga,
424:A History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea
364:. Frisians, however, were involved in
207:In 1189, as they were en route to the
619:Villegas-Aristizábal, Lucas (2018).
560:La Chanson de la Croisade Albigeoise
470:Rerum Frisicarum historiae Libri 60
331:war against the heretical Drenthers
49:Frisian involvement in the Crusades
24:
717:"Frisian fighters and the Crusade"
672:
527:The Chronicle of the Third Crusade
25:
816:
750:. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985.
748:Criticism of Crusading, 1095–1274
184:about 200 ships, which left from
733:. Oxford University Press, 1982.
700:Aspects of Old Frisian Philology
696:Aspects of Old Frisian Philology
494:Hans Mol, and Justine Smithuis,
459:Ocko Scharlensis, Fol. 25, 1597.
350:Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
348:, in fighting the pope's enemy,
656:
643:
630:
613:
600:
597:, 3rd Series 15 (2018), 95–100.
583:
566:
485:, Cambridge, 1952, pp. 209–210.
237:and German ships, according to
765:, 3rd Series 15 (2018), 67-149
741:Europe in the High Middle Ages
548:
532:
516:
488:
475:
462:
453:
429:
416:
13:
1:
410:
250:Cornelis Claesz van Wieringen
698:, 1990, pp. 69—84. Repr. in
627:, 3rd Series 15. pp. 67–149.
589:Lucas Villegas-Aristizábal,
572:Lucas Villegas-Aristizábal,
278:. From there they sailed to
128:to the Holy Land during the
7:
795:Wars involving the Frisians
352:. They participated in the
97:in 1097–1098. According to
10:
821:
511:De palmridder fan Lissabon
387:to reimburse them and two
144:in 1144, a large force of
140:With news of the fall of
705:David, Charles Wendell.
230:Itinerarium Peregrinorum
85:, who mentions that the
743:. London: Viking, 2003.
737:Jordan, William Chester
723:, v.1 (2002) pp 89–110.
358:the rights and freedoms
211:as a contingent of the
686:Claassens, Geert H.M.
253:
45:
563:, i.112, 1324–4, 248.
346:William II of Holland
323:Willibrand of Utrecht
247:
33:
800:History of Friesland
746:Siberry, Elizabeth.
649:Christoph T. Maier,
636:Christoph T. Maier,
525:, bk. 1, ch. 28, in
190:Straits of Gibraltar
103:Guynemer of Boulogne
690:Cil Estoient Frison
580:31.1 (2019): 59-61.
377:Charles I of Naples
290:-controlled cities
271:De itinere Frisonum
266:Oliver of Paderborn
258:Albigensian Crusade
107:Baldwin of Boulogne
83:Fulcher of Chartres
79:Godfrey of Bouillon
679:Brassat, Herbert.
513:, Leeuwarden 1965.
501:2014-05-21 at the
405:Battle of Hastings
327:crusade indulgence
254:
46:
805:History of Frisia
715:Mol, Johannes A.
555:William of Tudela
422:William of Tyre,
316:Siege of Damietta
18:Frisian Crusaders
16:(Redirected from
812:
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457:
451:
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427:
420:
400:Late Middle Ages
371:which assaulted
342:Pope Innocent IV
304:count of Holland
225:James of Avesnes
130:People's Crusade
126:Peter the Hermit
118:Ocko Scharlensis
95:Siege of Antioch
87:Frisian language
21:
820:
819:
815:
814:
813:
811:
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770:
769:
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727:Housley, Norman
675:
673:Further reading
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436:Steven Runciman
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354:siege of Aachen
338:Seventh Crusade
194:Siege of Lisbon
105:, who assisted
91:William of Tyre
37:Chronica Majora
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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684:
683:. Berlin, 1970
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369:Eighth Crusade
284:Alcácer do Sal
182:Second Crusade
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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790:First Crusade
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786:
785:Fifth Crusade
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756:0-19-821953-9
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541:, ch. 85, in
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468:Ubbo Emmius.
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366:Saint Louis's
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262:Fifth Crusade
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218:
214:
213:Third Crusade
210:
209:Siege of Acre
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202:Henry of Bonn
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99:Albert of Aix
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92:
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76:
71:
68:
64:
63:
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57:Fifth Crusade
54:
53:First Crusade
50:
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42:Matthew Paris
39:
38:
32:
19:
762:
747:
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662:Len Scales,
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558:
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362:Charlemagne
325:preached a
122:Ubbo Emmius
62:Reconquista
774:Categories
606:Runciman,
481:Runciman,
411:References
389:Dominicans
221:took Alvor
217:Portuguese
162:Englishmen
393:Marseille
381:seneschal
308:William I
276:Dartmouth
186:Dartmouth
170:Frenchmen
135:Jerusalem
75:Holy Land
780:Crusades
578:Al-Masaq
499:Archived
385:Provence
174:Flemings
158:Welshmen
67:Frisians
450:, xxiv.
398:In the
288:Almohad
178:Germans
166:Normans
754:
505:, in:
280:Lisbon
239:Ernoul
235:Breton
198:Wirdum
150:Swedes
142:Edessa
111:Tarsus
65:. The
373:Tunis
312:Dutch
300:Cádiz
154:Scots
146:Danes
752:ISBN
298:and
296:Rota
292:Faro
448:III
395:.
383:of
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252:.
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