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1977:, geography and even social sciences. Second, a change in writing style. Humboldt's works, which were considered essential to a library in 1869, had flowery prose that fell out of fashion. One critic said they had a "laborious picturesqueness". Humboldt himself said that, "If I only knew how to describe adequately how and what I felt, I might, after this long journey of mine, really be able to give happiness to people. The disjointed life I lead makes me hardly certain of my way of writing". Third, a rising anti-German sentiment in the late 1800s and the early 1900s due to heavy German immigration to the United States and later World War 1. On the eve of the 1959 hundredth anniversary of the death of Humboldt, the government of West Germany planned significant celebrations in conjunction with nations that Humboldt visited.
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his work in multiple languages. Bonpland, his fellow scientist and collaborator on the expedition, collected botanical specimens and preserved them, but unlike
Humboldt who had a passion to publish, Bonpland had to be prodded to do the formal descriptions. Many scientific travelers and explorers produced huge visual records, which remained unseen by the general public until the late nineteenth century, in the case of the Malaspina Expedition, and even the late twentieth century, when Mutis's botanical, some 12,000 drawings from New Granada, was published. Humboldt, by contrast, published immediately and continuously, using and ultimately exhausting his personal fortune, to produce both scientific and popular texts. Humboldt's name and fame were made by his travels to Spanish America, particularly his publication of the
2231:(5 volumes 1849–1858, the only complete translation of the 4 German volumes). These three translations were also published in the United States. The numbering of the volumes differs between the German and the English editions. Volume 3 of the German edition corresponds to the volumes 3 and 4 of the English translation, as the German volume appeared in 2 parts in 1850 and 1851. Volume 5 of the German edition was not translated until 1981, again by a woman. Otté's translation benefited from a detailed table of contents, and an index for every volume; of the German edition only volumes 4 and 5 had (extremely short) tables of contents, and the index to the whole work only appeared with volume 5 in 1862. Less well known in Germany is the atlas belonging to the German edition of the Cosmos
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1675:, but the crown policy since the Bourbons took the Spanish throne privileged those born in Iberia. Humboldt observed that "the most miserable European, without education and without intellectual cultivation, thinks himself superior to whites born in the new continent". The truth in this assertion, and the conclusions derived from them, have been often disputed as superficial, or politically motivated, by some authors, considering that between 40% and 60% of high offices in the new world were held by creoles. The enmity between some creoles and the peninsular-born whites increasingly became an issue in the late period of Spanish rule, with creoles increasingly alienated from the crown. Humboldt's assessment was that royal government abuses and the example of
1089:, head of the Royal Botanical Expedition to New Granada, staying there until 8 September 1801. Mutis was generous with his time and gave Humboldt access to the huge pictorial record he had compiled since 1783. Mutis was based in Bogotá, but as with other Spanish expeditions, he had access to local knowledge and a workshop of artists, who created highly accurate and detailed images. This type of careful recording meant that even if specimens were not available to study at a distance, "because the images travelled, the botanists did not have to". Humboldt was astounded at Mutis's accomplishment; when Humboldt published his first volume on botany, he dedicated it to Mutis "as a simple mark of our admiration and acknowledgement".
2967:, which passed without perceptible symptoms. It was not until the winter of 1858–1859 that his strength began to decline; on 6 May 1859, he died peacefully in Berlin, aged 89. His last words were reported to be "How glorious these sunbeams are! They seem to call Earth to the Heavens!" His remains were conveyed in state through the streets of Berlin, in a hearse drawn by six horses. Royal chamberlains led the cortège, each charged with carrying a pillow with Humboldt's medals and other decorations of honor. Humboldt's extended family, descendants of his brother Wilhelm, walked in the procession. Humboldt's coffin was received by the prince-regent at the door of the cathedral. He was interred at the family resting-place at
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reforms which led to greater support of the
Spanish monarchy within the lower class. However, Pratt points out that the reforms created opposition towards the Spanish rule within the upper class as the declining control of the Spanish monarchy would result in the white South American elite losing their privileges. When Humboldt wrote about the natural world within South America, he portrayed it as neutral and free of people: If the indigenous population was mentioned within Humboldt's writing, Pratt argues, they were only represented when they were beneficial for Europeans. Others argue that Humboldt was a German Columbus, as he described a virginal country that could be used for commerce by Europeans.
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954:, whose shock could kill a man. To catch them, locals suggested they drive wild horses into the river, which brought the eels out from the river mud, and resulted in a violent confrontation of eels and horses, some of which died. Humboldt and Bonpland captured and dissected some eels, which retained their ability to shock; both received potentially dangerous electric shocks during their investigations. The encounter made Humboldt think more deeply about electricity and magnetism, typical of his ability to extrapolate from an observation to more general principles. Humboldt returned to the incident in several of his later writings, including his travelogue
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Mexico, and a map showing trade patterns among continents. His maps also included schematic information on geography, converting areas of administrative districts (intendancies) using proportional squares. The U.S. was keen to see his maps and statistics on New Spain, since they had implication for territorial claims following the
Louisiana Purchase. Later in life, Humboldt published three volumes (1836–39) examining sources that dealt with the early voyages to the Americas, pursuing his interest in nautical astronomy in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. His research yielded the origin of the name "America", put on a map of the Americas by
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1247:, the physical plan of Mexico with the dangers of the road from Acapulco to Mexico City, and from Mexico City to Veracruz. This visual depiction of elevation was part of Humboldt's general insistence that the data he collected be presented in a way more easily understood than statistical charts. A great deal of his success in gaining a more general readership for his works was his understanding that "anything that has to do with extent or quantity can be represented geometrically. Statistical projections , which speak to the senses without tiring the intellect have the advantage of bringing attention to a large number of important facts".
1004:. Fraser and his son had been shipwrecked off the Cuban coast, and did not have a license to be in the Spanish Indies. Humboldt, who was already in Cuba, interceded with crown officials in Havana, as well as giving them money and clothing. Fraser obtained permission to remain in Cuba and explore. Humboldt entrusted Fraser with taking two cases of Humboldt and Bonpland's botanical specimens to England when he returned, for eventual conveyance to the German botanist Willdenow in Berlin. Humboldt and Bonpland stayed in Cuba until 5 March 1801, when they left for the mainland of northern South America again, arriving there on 30 March.
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1533:, and tried to explain natural phenomena without the appeal to religious dogma. He believed in the central importance of observation, and as a consequence had amassed a vast array of the most sophisticated scientific instruments then available. Each had its own velvet lined box and was the most accurate and portable of its time; nothing quantifiable escaped measurement. According to Humboldt, everything should be measured with the finest and most modern instruments and sophisticated techniques available, for that collected data was the basis of all scientific understanding.
2991:"Scarcely was there a European order which Humboldt had not the right to wear", and "more than a hundred and fifty societies to which he had been elected". These included "the most celebrated Academies of the leading nations of Europe and America, and not merely those of a purely scientific character, but any which had for their object the spread of education and the advancement of civilisation." Additionally, he was at least an honorary member of academies and learned societies throughout Europe and America and "was invested with the degree of Doctor in three faculties".
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2516:, one of the first female travelers who completed two trips around the world from 1846 to 1855, followed in Humboldt's footsteps. The two explorers met in Berlin in 1851 before Pfeiffer's second tour and again in 1855 when she returned to Europe. Humboldt provided Pfeiffer with an open letter of introduction in which he bade anyone who knew of his name to assist Madame Pfeiffer for her "inextinguishable energy of character which she has everywhere shown, to wheresoever's she has been called or better put, driven by her unconquerable passion to study nature and man."
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Enlightenment values such as liberty and freedom led to his support of democracy and his subsequent support of the independence of South
America. In order to improve the material and political situation of the indigenous population, Humboldt included propositions within his writing that he also presented to the Spanish monarchy. When witnessing a slave market, Humboldt was shocked by the treatment of black people which led him to become opposed to slavery and support the abolitionist movement throughout his life. Within his descriptions in
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1650:, publishing a schematized drawing of racial types and populations distribution, grouping them by region and social characteristics. He estimated the population to be six million individuals. He estimated Indians to be forty percent of New Spain's population, but their distribution being uneven; the most dense were in the center and south of Mexico, the least dense in the north. He presented these data in chart form, for easier understanding. He also surveyed the non-Indian population, categorized as Whites (Spaniards),
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1298:, director of Royal College of Mines, whom Humboldt knew when they were both students in Freiberg. The Bourbon monarchs had established the mining court and the college to elevate mining as a profession, since revenues from silver constituted the crown's largest source of income. Humboldt also consulted other German mining experts, who were already in Mexico. While Humboldt was a welcome foreign scientist and mining expert, the Spanish crown had established fertile ground for Humboldt's investigations into mining.
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2115:, which he dedicated to Czar Nicholas, which he called "an unavoidable step, as the expedition was accomplished at his expense". As of 2016, these works have not been translated to English. His 1829 expedition to Russia when he was an old man is much less known than his five-year travels in Spanish America, which had resulted in many published volumes over the decades since his 1804 return. Nevertheless, it gave Humboldt comparative data for his various later scientific publications.
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humidity, atmosphere pressure, and the animal and plants (with their scientific names) found at each elevation. Plants from the same genus appear at different elevations. The depiction is on an east-west axis going from the
Pacific coast lowlands to the Andean range of which Chimborazo was a part, and the eastern Amazonian basin. Humboldt showed the three zones of coast, mountains, and Amazonia, based on his own observations, but he also drew on existing Spanish sources, particularly
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741:(1789–94). These were lengthy, state-sponsored enterprises to gather information about plants and animals from the Spanish realms, assess economic possibilities, and provide plants and seeds for the Royal Botanical Garden in Madrid (founded 1755). These expeditions took naturalists and artists, who created visual images as well as careful written observations as well as collecting seeds and plants themselves. Crown officials as early as 1779 issued and systematically distributed
2831:, he wrote about how rich geological descriptions were found in different religious traditions, and stated: "Christianity gradually diffused itself, and, wherever it was adopted as the religion of the state, it not only exercised a beneficial condition on the lower classes by inculcating the social freedom of mankind, but also expanded the views of men in their communion with Nature...this tendency to glorify the Deity in his works gave rise to a taste for natural observation."
2353:(1807–1873), who was directly aided with needed cash from Humboldt, assistance in securing an academic position, and help with getting his research on zoology published. Agassiz sent him copies of his publications and went on to gain considerable scientific recognition as a professor at Harvard. Agassiz delivered an address to the Boston Society of Natural History in 1869, on the centenary of his patron's birth. When Humboldt was an elderly man, he aided another young scholar,
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2054:. Humboldt himself was keen to continue his studies of magnetism of mountains and mineral deposits. As was usual for his research, he brought scientific instruments to take the most accurate measurements. The Russians organized the local arrangements, including lodging, horses, accompanying crew. Humboldt's title for the expedition was as an official of the Department of Mines. As the expedition neared dangerous areas, he had to travel in a convoy with an escort.
551:. Humboldt was excellent at his job, with production of gold ore in his first year outstripping the previous eight years. During his period as a mine inspector, Humboldt demonstrated his deep concern for the men laboring in the mines. He opened a free school for miners, paid for out of his own pocket, which became an unchartered government training school for labor. He also sought to establish an emergency relief fund for miners, aiding them following accidents.
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said to have developed his idea of human-induced climate change. Investigating evidence of a rapid fall in the water level of the valley's Lake
Valencia, Humboldt credited the desiccation to the clearance of tree cover and to the inability of the exposed soils to retain water. With their clear cutting of trees, the agriculturalists were removing the woodland's "threefold" moderating influence upon temperature: cooling shade, evaporation and radiation.
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in Weimar to reside in Jena. Together, Humboldt and Goethe attended university lectures on anatomy and conducted their own experiments. One experiment involved hooking up a frog leg to various metals. They found no effect until the moisture of
Humboldt's breath triggered a reaction that caused the frog leg to leap off the table. Humboldt described this as one of his favorite experiments because it was as if he were "breathing life into" the leg.
2076:, accomplishing in twenty-five weeks a distance of 9,614 miles (15,472 km). Humboldt and the expedition party travelled by coach on well maintained roads, with rapid progress being made because of changes of horses at way stations. The party had grown, with Johann Seifert, who was a huntsman and collector of animal specimens; a Russian mining official; Count Adolphe Polier, one of Humboldt's friends from Paris; a cook; plus a contingent of
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taken by the Red Army after World War II. Following German reunification, the diaries were returned to a descendant of
Humboldt. For a time, there was concern about their being sold, but that was averted. A government-funded project to digitize the Spanish American expedition as well as his later Russian expedition has been undertaken (2014–2017) by the University of Potsdam and the German State Library–Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation.
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displayed complex information in an accessible fashion. The map was the basis for comparison with other major peaks. "The
Naturgemälde showed for the first time that nature was a global force with corresponding climate zones across continents." Another assessment of the map is that it "marked the beginning of a new era of environmental science, not only of mountain ecology but also of global-scale biogeophysical patterns and processes."
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1412:, which now placed New Spain on the southwest border of the United States. The Spanish minister in Washington, D.C. had declined to furnish the U.S. government with information about Spanish territories, and access to the territories was strictly controlled. Humboldt was able to supply Jefferson with the latest information on the population, trade agriculture and military of New Spain. This information would later be the basis for his
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1227:. Humboldt was also given a special passport to travel throughout New Spain and letters of introduction to intendants, the highest officials in New Spain's administrative districts (intendancies). This official aid to Humboldt allowed him to have access to crown records, mines, landed estates, canals, and Mexican antiquities from the prehispanic era. Humboldt read the writings of Bishop-elect of the important diocese of Michoacan
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1926:). The meeting at Berlin, on 18 September 1828, of a newly formed scientific association, of which he was elected president, gave him the opportunity of setting on foot an extensive system of research in combination with his diligent personal observations. His appeal to the Russian government, in 1829, led to the establishment of a line of magnetic and meteorological stations across northern Asia. Meanwhile, his letter to the
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566:, who had met Humboldt at the family home when Alexander was a boy, but Goethe was now interested in meeting the young scientist to discuss metamorphism of plants. An introduction was arranged by Humboldt's brother, who lived in the university town of Jena, not far from Goethe. Goethe had developed his own extensive theories on comparative anatomy. Working before Darwin, he believed that animals had an internal force, an
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2085:. In his publications on Spanish America, he did comment on the conditions of the indigenous populations, and deplored black slavery, but well after he had left those territories. As Humboldt discovered, the government kept tight control of the expedition, even when it was 1,000 miles (1,600 km) from Moscow, with local government officials greeting the expedition at every stop. The itinerary was planned with
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1889:, afterwards doubled. This official stipend became his main source of income in later years when he exhausted his fortune on the publications of his research. Financial necessity forced his permanent relocation to Berlin in 1827 from Paris. In Paris he found not only scientific sympathy, but the social stimulus which his vigorous and healthy mind eagerly craved. He was equally in his element as the lion of the
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1045:. Those three areas were, at the time, the first frontier of sugar production in the island. During those trips, Humboldt collected statistical information on Cuba's population, production, technology and trade, and with Arango, made suggestions for enhancing them. He predicted that the agricultural and commercial potential of Cuba was huge and could be vastly improved with proper leadership in the future.
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931:, who later became the leader of independence in northern South America. Humboldt met the Venezuelan Bolívar himself in 1804 in Paris and spent time with him in Rome. The documentary record does not support the supposition that Humboldt inspired Bolívar to participate in the struggle for independence, but it does indicate Bolívar's admiration for Humboldt's production of new knowledge on Spanish America.
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1334:, which celebrated Mexico's prehispanic civilization, and which Humboldt invoked to counter the pejorative assertions about the new world by Buffon, de Pauw, and Raynal. Humboldt ultimately viewed both the prehispanic realms of Mexico and Peru as despotic and barbaric. However, he also drew attention to indigenous monuments and artifacts as cultural productions that had "both ... historical
2812:: "...'creation' and the 'created world' are never lost sight of in the book. And did I not, only eight months ago, in the French translation, say, in the plainest terms: 'It is this necessity of things, this occult but permanent connection, this periodical return in the progress, development of formation, phenomena, and events which constitute 'Nature' submissive to a controlling power?'"
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1497:. Key to that was Humboldt's meticulous and systematic measurement of phenomena with the most advanced instruments then available. He closely observed plant and animal species in situ, not just in isolation, noting all elements in relation to one other. He collected specimens of plants and animals, dividing the growing collection so that if a portion was lost, other parts might survive.
1286:, with Mexican academics highlighting various aspects of his impact on the city. Humboldt could have simply examined the geology of the fabulously rich mine, but he took the opportunity to study the entire mining complex as well as analyze mining statistics of its output. His report on silver mining is a major contribution, and considered the strongest and best informed section of his
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623:; in 1795 he made a geological and botanical tour through Switzerland and Italy. Although this service to the state was regarded by him as only an apprenticeship to the service of science, he fulfilled its duties with such conspicuous ability that not only did he rise rapidly to the highest post in his department, but he was also entrusted with several important diplomatic missions.
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2429:, where Darwin described his own scientific exploration of the Americas. In one note, he placed Humboldt first on the "list of American travellers". Darwin's work was influenced by Humboldt's writing style as well. Darwin's sister remarked to him "you had, probably from reading so much of Humboldt, got his phraseology and the kind of flowery French expressions he uses".
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387:, a well-educated woman and widow of Baron Friedrich Ernst von Holwede (1723-1765), with whom she had a son Heinrich Friedrich Ludwig (1762-1817). Alexander Georg and Maria Elisabeth had four children: two daughters, Karoline and Gabriele, who died young, and then two sons, Wilhelm and Alexander. Her first-born son, Wilhelm and Alexander's half-brother,
2510:, most famous for his portraits of North American Indians and paintings of life among various North American tribes, also travelled to South America, producing a number of paintings. He wrote to Humboldt in 1855, sending him his proposal for South American travels. Humboldt replied, thanking him and sending a memorandum helping guide his travels.
1567:(published first in French and then German, both in 1807) was based on the then novel idea of studying the distribution of organic life as affected by varying physical conditions. This was most famously depicted in his published cross-section of Chimborazo, approximately two feet by three feet (54 cm x 84 cm) color pictorial, he called
481:, who had travelled with Captain Cook; Banks showed Humboldt his huge herbarium, with specimens of the South Sea tropics. The scientific friendship between Banks and Humboldt lasted until Banks's death in 1820, and the two shared botanical specimens for study. Banks also mobilized his scientific contacts in later years to aid Humboldt's work.
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only live through you, my good precious
Reinhardt". When von Haeften became engaged, Humboldt begged to remain living with him and his wife: "Even if you must refuse me, treat me coldly with disdain, I should still want to be with you... the love I have for you is not just friendship or brotherly love, it is veneration".
411:, who became one of the most important botanists in Germany. Humboldt's mother expected them to become civil servants of the Prussian state. The money left to Alexander's mother by Baron Holwede became instrumental in funding Alexander's explorations after her death; contributing more than 70% of his private income.
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3850:, and again as a result of World War II, the Foundation has been re-endowed by the German government to award young academics and distinguished senior academics from abroad. It plays an important role in attracting foreign researchers to work in Germany and enabling German researchers to work abroad for a period.
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Voyage à la partie orientale de la Terre-Ferme, dans l'Amérique Méridionale, fait pendant les années 1801, 1802, 1803 et 1804 : contenant la description de la capitainerie générale de Carácas, composée des provinces de Vénézuéla, Maracaïbo, Varinas, la Guiane Espagnole, Cumana, et de l'île de la
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An illustration of the genus Cinchona :comprising descriptions of all the officinal Peruvian barks, including several new species, Baron de Humboldt's Account of the Cinchona forests of South America, and Laubert's Memoir on the different species of quinquina: to which are added several dissertations
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Ideen zu einer Geographie der Pflanzen :nebst einem Naturgemälde der Tropenländer : auf Beobachtungen und Messungen gegründet, welche vom 10ten Grade nördlicher bis zum 10ten Grade südlicher Breite, in den Jahren 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802 und 1803 angestellt worden sind/ von Al. von Humboldt und A.
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As a student he became infatuated with Wilhelm Gabriel Wegener, a theology student, penning a succession of letters expressing his "fervent love". At 25 he met Reinhardt von Haeften (1772–1803), a 22-year-old lieutenant, with whom he lived and travelled for two years, and to whom he wrote in 1794: "I
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Humboldt's decades' long endeavor to publish the results of this expedition not only resulted in multiple volumes, but also made his international reputation in scientific circles. Humboldt came to be well-known with the reading public as well, with popular, densely illustrated, condensed versions of
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Humboldt often returned to Jena in the years that followed. Goethe remarked about Humboldt to friends that he had never met anyone so versatile. Humboldt's drive served as an inspiration for Goethe. In 1797, Humboldt returned to Jena for three months. During this time, Goethe moved from his residence
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argues for an implicit imperial bias within Humboldt's writing. While Humboldt financed his expedition to the Spanish colonies independently, the Spanish monarchy allowed him to travel to South America. Due to unrest within the Spanish colonies in South America, the Spanish crown implemented liberal
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The journey though carried out with all the advantages afforded by the immediate patronage of the Russian government, was too rapid to be profitable scientifically. The correction of the prevalent exaggerated estimate of the height of the Central Asian plateau, and the prediction of the discovery of
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lines, he at once suggested the idea and devised the means of comparing the climatic conditions of various countries. He first investigated the rate of decrease in mean temperature with the increase in elevation above sea level, and afforded, by his inquiries regarding the origin of tropical storms,
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and others he sought out later in European collections. His aim was to muster evidence that these pictorial and sculptural images could allow the reconstruction of prehispanic history. He sought out Mexican experts in the interpretation of sources from there, especially Antonio Pichardo, who was the
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received the formal proposal and Humboldt was presented to the monarch in March 1799. Humboldt was granted access to crown officials and written documentation on Spain's empire. With Humboldt's experience working for the absolutist Prussian monarchy as a government mining official, Humboldt had both
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Neither brother attended the funeral of their mother on 19 November 1796. Humboldt had not hidden his aversion to his mother, with one correspondent writing of him after her death, "her death... must be particularly welcomed by you". After severing his official connections, he awaited an opportunity
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was published, he sent a copy to Humboldt, who responded, "You told me in your kind letter that, when you were young, the manner in which I studied and depicted nature in the torrid zones contributed toward exciting in you the ardour and desire to travel in distant lands. Considering the importance
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Despite international pressure, including the British government and Simón Bolívar's, along with European scientists including Humboldt, Francia kept Bonpland prisoner until 1831. He was released after nearly 10 years in Paraguay. Humboldt and Bonpland maintained a warm correspondence about science
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Alexander von Humboldt published prolifically throughout his life. Many works were published originally in French or German, then translated to other languages, sometimes with competing translation editions. Humboldt himself did not keep track of all the various editions. He wrote specialized works
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One writer claims that "Nothing was quite as Humboldt wanted it. The entire expedition was a compromise." The Russian emperor offered Humboldt an invitation to return to Russia, but Humboldt declined, due to his disapproval of Nicholas's restrictions on his freedom of movement during the expedition
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Humboldt was not primarily an artist, but he could draw well, allowing him to record a visual record of particular places and their natural environment. Many of his drawings became the basis for illustrations of his many scientific and general publications. Artists whom Humboldt influenced, such as
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and what is also called the Chimborazo Map. It was a fold-out at the back of the publication. Humboldt first sketched the map when he was in South America, which included written descriptions on either side of the cross-section of Chimborazo. These detailed the information on temperature, altitude,
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Venezuela from the 16th to the 18th centuries was a relative backwater compared to the seats of the Spanish viceroyalties based in New Spain (Mexico) and Peru, but during the Bourbon reforms, the northern portion of Spanish South America was reorganized administratively, with the 1777 establishment
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When Humboldt requested authorization from the crown to travel to Spanish America, most importantly, with his own financing, it was given positive response. Spain under the Habsburg monarchy had guarded its realms against foreigner travelers and intruders. The Bourbon monarch was open to Humboldt's
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In Madrid, Humboldt sought authorization to travel to Spain's realms in the Americas; he was aided in obtaining it by the German representative of Saxony at the royal Bourbon court. Baron Forell had an interest in mineralogy and science endeavors and was inclined to help Humboldt. At that time, the
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With the financial resources to fund his scientific travels, he sought a ship on a major expedition. Meantime, he went to Paris, where his brother Wilhelm was now living. Paris was a great center of scientific learning and his brother and sister-in-law Caroline were well connected in those circles.
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The honours which had been showered on Humboldt during life continued after his death. More species are named after Humboldt than after any other human being. The first centenary of Humboldt's birth was celebrated on 14 September 1869, with great enthusiasm in both the New and Old Worlds. Numerous
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was also translated into multiple languages in editions of uneven quality. It was very popular in Britain and America. In 1849 a German newspaper commented that in England two of the three different translations were made by women, "while in Germany most of the men do not understand it". The first
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for security. Three carriages were filled with people, supplies, and scientific instruments. For Humboldt's magnetic readings to be accurate, they carried an iron-free tent. This expedition was unlike his Spanish American travels with Bonpland, with the two alone and sometimes accompanied by local
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Humboldt was eager to travel not just to the Urals, but also across the steppes of Siberia to Russia's border with China. Humboldt wrote Cancrin saying that he intended to learn Russian to read mining journals in the language. As the details of the expedition were worked out, Humboldt said that he
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Scholars have speculated about the reasons for Humboldt's declining renown among the public. Sandra Nichols has argued that there are three reasons for this. First, a trend towards specialization in scholarship. Humboldt was a generalist who connected many disciplines in his work. Today, academics
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On their way back to Europe from the Americas, Humboldt and Bonpland stopped again in Cuba, leaving from the port of Veracruz and arriving in Cuba on 7 January 1804, staying until 29 April 1804. In Cuba, he collected plant material and made extensive notes. During this time, he socialized with his
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Humboldt inherited a significant fortune, but the expense of his travels, and most especially of publishing (thirty volumes in all), had by 1834 made him totally reliant on the pension of King Frederick William III. Although he preferred living in Paris, by 1836 the King had insisted he return to
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translation by Augustin Pritchard—published anonymously by Mr. Baillière (volume I in 1845 and volume II in 1848)—suffered from being hurriedly made. In a letter Humboldt said of it: "It will damage my reputation. All the charm of my description is destroyed by an English sounding like Sanskrit."
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Humboldt wrote to the Russian Minister Cancrin that he was extending his travel, knowing that the missive would not reach him in time to scuttle the plan. The further east he journeyed into wilder territory, the more Humboldt enjoyed it. They still followed the Siberian Highway and made excellent
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school of thought, believed '... nature is perfect till man deforms it with care'. The further assessment is that he largely neglected the human societies amidst nature. Views of indigenous peoples as 'savage' or 'unimportant' leaves them out of the historical picture. Other scholars counter
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Humboldt was impressed with Mexico City, which at the time was the largest city in the Americas, and one that could be counted as modern. He declared "no city of the new continent, without even excepting those of the United States, can display such great and solid scientific establishments as the
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Rather than describe the administrative center of Caracas, Humboldt started his researches with the valley of Aragua, where export crops of sugar, coffee, cacao, and cotton were cultivated. Cacao plantations were the most profitable, as world demand for chocolate rose. It is here that Humboldt is
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Humboldt remained distant of organized religion, typical of a Protestant in Germany relating to the Catholic Church; Humboldt held deep respect for the ideal side of religious belief and church life within human communities. He differentiated between "negative" religions, and those "all positive
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Humboldt was generous toward his friends and mentored young scientists. He and Bonpland parted ways after their return to Europe, and Humboldt largely took on the task of publishing the results of their Latin American expedition at Humboldt's expense, but he included Bonpland as co-author on the
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Humboldt kept a detailed diary of his sojourn to Spanish America, running some 4,000 pages, which he drew on directly for his multiple publications following the expedition. The leather-bound diaries themselves are now in Germany, having been returned from Russia to East Germany, where they were
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When Russia renewed its earlier invitation to Humboldt, he accepted. The Russians sought to entice Humboldt by engaging his enduring interest in mining sites, for comparative scientific purposes for Humboldt, but for the Russians to gain expert knowledge about their resources. For Humboldt, the
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Essai sur la géographie des plantes: accompagné d'un tableau physique des régions équinoxiales, fondé sur des mesures exécutées, depuis le dixième degré de latitude boréale jusqu'au dixième degré de latitude australe, pendant les années 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802 et 1803/ par Al. de Humboldt et A.
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wrote that "During the first half of the present century we had an Alexander von Humboldt, who was able to scan the scientific knowledge of his time in its details, and to bring it within one vast generalization. At the present juncture, it is obviously very doubtful whether this task could be
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Four years before his death, Humboldt executed a deed of gift transferring his entire estate to Seifert, who had by then married and set up a household near Humboldt's apartment. Humboldt had become godfather to his daughter. The scale of the bequest has always drawn speculation, especially as
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and a stay of two and a half years in Berlin, in the spring of 1808, he settled in Paris. His purpose for being located there was to secure the scientific cooperation required for bringing his great work through the press. This colossal task, which he at first hoped would occupy but two years,
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in the eighteenth century, showing father of one racial category, mother of another, and the offspring in a third category in hierarchical order, so racial hierarchy was an essential way elites viewed Mexican society. Humboldt reported that American-born Spaniards were legally racial equals of
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Humboldt was a significant contributor to cartography, creating maps, particularly of New Spain, that became the template for later mapmakers in Mexico. His careful recording of latitude and longitude led to accurate maps of Mexico, the port of Acapulco, the port of Veracruz, and the Valley of
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had also measured and observed mountain environments and had earlier come to similar ideas about environmental factors in the distribution of life forms. Humboldt was thus not putting forward something entirely new, but it is argued that his finding is not derivative either. The Chimborazo map
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Other scholars counter Pratt's argumentation and refer to the abolitionist and anti-colonialist standpoint that Humboldt represents within his writing. An example is Humboldt's descriptions of the South American colonies in which he critiqued Spanish colonial rule. His close relationship with
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were published between the years 1845 and 1847 and were intended to comprise the entire work, but Humboldt published three more volumes, one of which was posthumous. Humboldt had long aimed to write a comprehensive work about geography and the natural sciences. The work attempted to unify the
1305:(1810–1813), the most experimental of Humboldt's publications, since it does not have "a single ordering principle" but his opinions and contentions based on observation. For Humboldt, a key question was the influence of climate on the development of these civilizations. When he published his
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to land in northern South America. Humboldt had not mapped out a specific plan of exploration, so that the change did not upend a fixed itinerary. He later wrote that the diversion to Venezuela made possible his explorations along the Orinoco River to the border of Portuguese Brazil. With the
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of the Andes and Mexico, which he observed and sketched, climbed, and measured with a variety of instruments. By climbing Chimborazo, he established an altitude record which became the basis for measurement of other volcanoes in the Andes and the Himalayas. As with other aspects of his
2177:, Humboldt sought to create a compendium of the world's environment. He spent the last decade of his long life—as he called them, his "improbable" years—continuing this work. The third and fourth volumes were published in 1850–58; a fragment of a fifth appeared posthumously in 1862.
1944:, observes, "Thus that scientific conspiracy of nations which is one of the noblest fruits of modern civilization was by his exertions first successfully organized". However, earlier examples of international scientific cooperation exist, notably the 18th-century observations of the
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investigations, he developed methods to show his synthesized results visually, using the graphic method of geologic-cross sections. He showed that volcanoes fell naturally into linear groups, presumably corresponding with vast subterranean fissures; and by his demonstration of the
1427:, Secretary of the Treasury, said of Humboldt "I was delighted and swallowed more information of various kinds in less than two hours than I had for two years past in all I had read or heard." Gallatin, in turn, supplied Humboldt with information he sought on the United States.
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Pflanzengeographie, nach Alexander von Humboldt's werke ueber die geographische Vertheilhung der Gewächse : mit Anmerkungen, grösseren Beilagen aus andern pflanzengeographischen Schriften und einem Excurse über die bei pflanzengeographischen Floren-Vergleichungen nöthigen
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Russian monarch's promise to fund the trip was extremely important, since Humboldt's inherited 100,000 thaler fortune was gone and he lived on the Prussian government pension of 2,500–3,000 thalers as the monarch's chamberlain. The Russian government gave an advance of 1200
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2702:, proceeded thence with the royal party to Rome and Naples and returned to Paris in the spring of 1823. Humboldt had long regarded Paris as his true home. Thus, when at last he received from his sovereign a summons to join his court at Berlin, he obeyed reluctantly.
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iscutimos el clásico enfoque arqueológico acerca de este tipo de ritual como dominio exclusivo y protagónico del Estado inca Luego el camino se bifurca para dirigirse uno hacia una plataforma de entierro, a 6715 m.snm, y el otro a la cima del volcán, unos 20 m más
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It has been argued that "although Humboldt emphasizes the basis of morality in the nature of man, he does acknowledge that a belief in God is linked directly to acts of virtue" and therefore "the dignity of man lies at the centre of Humboldt's religious thought".
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Monographia Melastomacearum: continens plantas huius ordinis, hucusque collectas, praesertim per regnum Mexici, in provinciis Caracarum et Novae Andalusiae, in Peruvianorum, Quitensium, Novae Granatae Andibus, ad Orinoci, fluvii Nigri, fluminis Amazonum rupas
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On 12 May 1827 he settled permanently in Berlin, where his first efforts were directed towards the furtherance of the science of terrestrial magnetism. In 1827, he began giving public lectures in Berlin, which became the basis for his last major publication,
1243:. The route was suitable only for mule train, and all along the way, Humboldt took measurements of elevation. When he left Mexico a year later in 1804, from the east coast port of Veracruz, he took a similar set of measures, which resulted in a chart in the
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950:, and documenting the life of several native tribes such as the Maipures and their extinct rivals the Atures (several words of the latter tribe were transferred to Humboldt by one parrot). Around 19 March 1800, Humboldt and Bonpland discovered dangerous
570:, that gave them a basic shape and then they were further adapted to their environment by an external force. Humboldt urged him to publish his theories. Together, the two discussed and expanded these ideas. Goethe and Humboldt soon became close friends.
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Viage âa las regiones equinocciales del nuevo continente: hecho en 1799 hasta 1804, por Al. de Humboldt y A. Bonpland; redactado por Alejandro de Humboldt; continuaciâon indispensable al ensayo polâitico sobre el reino de la Nueva Espaäna por el mismo
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Darwin, C. R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe.
1529:—that determined where specific plants grew. He found these relationships by unraveling myriad, painstakingly collected data, data extensive enough that it became an enduring foundation upon which others could base their work. Humboldt viewed nature
2765:, Humboldt also included the answers that were given to him by indigenous people. Additionally, Lubrich argues that despite the colonial and orientalist notions of his writing, Humboldt did not recreate these stereotypes, but deconstructed them.
2878:, the wife of his mentor Marcus Herz, his sister-in-law Caroline von Humboldt stated "nothing will ever have a great influence on Alexander that doesn't come through men". He had many strong male friendships, and at times had romances with men.
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with this. Friedrich Wilhelm III asked Alexander to be part of the mission, charged with introducing the prince to Paris society. This turn of events for Humboldt could not have been better, since he desired to live in Paris rather than Berlin.
1997:'s Russian government, and afterwards by the Prussian government; but on each occasion, untoward circumstances interposed. It was not until he had begun his sixtieth year that he resumed his early role of traveler in the interests of science.
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due to continuing warfare in Europe, which Humboldt had been officially invited to accompany, Humboldt was deeply disappointed. He had already selected scientific instruments for his voyage. He did, however, have a stroke of luck with meeting
5088:, Cambridge University Press, 1990, pp. 169–188; Michael Dettelbach, "Romanticism and Resistance: Humboldt and "German" Natural Philosophy in Natural Philosophy in Napoleonic France", in: Robert M. Brain, Robert S. Cohen, Ole Knudsen (eds.),
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Plantes équinoxiales recueillies au Mexique :dans l'île de Cuba, dans les provinces de Caracas, de Cumana et de Barcelone, aux Andes de la Nouvelle Grenade, de Quito et du Pérou, et sur les bords du rio-Negro de Orénoque et de la rivière des
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guides. The Russian government was interested in Humboldt's finding prospects for mining and commercial advancement of the realm and made it clear that Humboldt was not to investigate social issues, nor criticize social conditions of Russian
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The editing and publication of the encyclopedic mass of scientific, political and archaeological material that had been collected by him during his absence from Europe was now Humboldt's most urgent desire. After a short trip to Italy with
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2912:, accused him of frequenting houses in Quito where "impure love reigned", of making friends with "obscene dissolute youths", of giving vent to "shameful passions of his heart", and dropping him to travel with "Bonpland and his Adonis" .
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Alexander's grandfather was Johann Paul von Humboldt (1684-1740), who married Sophia Dorothea von Schweder (1688-1749), daughter of Prussian General Adjutant Michael von Schweder (1663-1729). In 1766, his father, Alexander Georg married
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Recueil d'observations de zoologie et d'anatomie comparée : faites dans l'océan atlantique, dans l'intérieur du nouveau continent et dans la mer du sud pendant les années 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802 et 1803 / par Al. de Humboldt et A.
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For the Bourbon crown, which had authorized the expedition, the returns were not only tremendous in terms of sheer volume of data on their New World realms, but in dispelling the vague and pejorative assessments of the New World by
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Letters of Alexander von Humboldt written between the years 1827 and 1858 to Varnhagen von Ense together with extracts from Varnhagen's diaries, and letters of Varnhagen and others to Humboldt/ authorized translation from the
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Letters of Alexander von Humboldt written between the years 1827 and 1858 to Varnhagen von Ense together with extracts from Varnhagen's diaries, and letters of Varnhagen and others to Humboldt/ authorized translation from the
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Much of Humboldt's private life remains a mystery because he destroyed his private letters. While a gregarious personality, he may have harbored a sense of social alienation, which drove his passion for escape through travel.
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They spent the year in the viceroyalty, traveling to different Mexican cities in the central plateau and the northern mining region. The first journey was from Acapulco to Mexico City, through what is now the Mexican state of
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Aphorismen aus der chemischen physiologie der pflanzen. Aus dem lateinischen übersetzt von Gotthelf Fischer. Nebst einigen zusätzen von herrn dr. und prof. Hedwig und einer vorrede von herrn dr. und prof. Christ. Friedr.
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Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of America, during the years 1799–1804/ by Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland; translated from the French of Alexander von Humboldt and edited by Thomasina
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Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of America, during the years 1799–1804/ by Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland; translated from the French of Alexander von Humboldt and edited by Thomasina
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Humboldt saw the need for an approach to science that could account for the harmony of nature among the diversity of the physical world. For Humboldt, "the unity of nature" meant that it was the interrelation of all
321:, in which he sought to unify diverse branches of scientific knowledge and culture. This important work also motivated a holistic perception of the universe as one interacting entity, which introduced concepts of
450:. His brother Wilhelm was already a student at Göttingen, but they did not interact much, since their intellectual interests were quite different. His vast and varied interests were by this time fully developed.
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wrote that "Alexander is destined to combine ideas and follow chains of thoughts which would otherwise have remained unknown for ages. His depth, his sharp mind and his incredible speed are a rare combination."
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Alexander Georg died in 1779, leaving the brothers Humboldt in the care of their emotionally distant mother. She had high ambitions for Alexander and his older brother Wilhelm, hiring excellent tutors, who were
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on Mexico's central plateau, Humboldt realized the captain of the vessel that brought them to Acapulco had reckoned its location incorrectly. Since Acapulco was the main west-coast port and the terminus of the
2334:, the strong man of Paraguay, abducted Bonpland after killing Bonpland's estate workers. Bonpland was accused of "agricultural espionage" and of threatening Paraguay's virtual monopoly on the cultivation of
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diamonds in the gold-washings of the Urals, were important aspects of these travels. In the end, the expedition took 8 months, travelled 15,500 km, stopped at 658 post stations, and used 12,244 horses.
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Instrucción sobre el modo más seguro y económico de transportar plantas vivas por mar y tierra a los países más distantes ilustrada con láminas. Añadese el método de desacar las plants para formar herbarios
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was the most famous landscape painter in the U.S. in the nineteenth century. His paintings of Andean volcanoes that Humboldt climbed helped make Church's reputation. His 5 foot by 10 foot painting entitled
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The travels and researches of Alexander von Humboldt: being a condensed narrative of his journeys in the equinoctial regions of America, and in Asiatic Russia: together with analysis of his more important
2500:"caused a sensation" when it was completed. Church had hoped to ship the painting to Berlin to show the painting to Humboldt, but Humboldt died a few days after Church's letter was written. Church painted
516:. At Freiberg, he met a number of men who were to prove important to him in his later career, including Spaniard Manuel del Río, who became director of the School of Mines the crown established in Mexico;
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After arriving in Washington D.C, Humboldt held numerous intense discussions with Jefferson on both scientific matters and also his year-long stay in New Spain. Jefferson had only recently concluded the
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Tableaux de la nature; ou, Considérations sur les déserts, sur le physionomie des végétaux, sur les cataractes de l'Orénoque, sur la structure et l'action des volcans dans les différentes régions de la
2297:(2014), which includes reproductions of all the color and black and white plates. In the original edition, the publication was in a large format and quite expensive. There is a 2009 translation of his
1540:. Humboldt wrote "Nature herself is sublimely eloquent. The stars as they sparkle in firmament fill us with delight and ecstasy, and yet they all move in orbit marked out with mathematical precision."
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in June 1840, Humboldt's favor at court increased. Indeed, the new king's craving for Humboldt's company became at times so importunate as to leave him only a few waking hours to work on his writing.
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Due to his youthful penchant for collecting and labeling plants, shells, and insects, Alexander received the playful title of "the little apothecary". Marked for a political career, Alexander studied
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A large collection of data, texts and visuals concerning Alexander von Humboldt in German, English, Spanish and French. A project by the Chair of Romance Literatures, University of Potsdam (Germany).
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Physically Humboldt was in good condition, despite his advancing years, writing to Cancrin "I still walk very lightly on foot, nine to ten hours without resting, despite my age and my white hair".
1703:, and society in general. He often showed his disgust for the slavery and inhumane conditions in which indigenous peoples and others were treated and he often criticized Spanish colonial policies.
1551:, also known as the Chimborazo Map, is his depiction of the volcanoes Chimborazo and Cotopaxi in cross section, with detailed information about plant geography. The illustration was published in
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from the Spanish Philippines, having accurate maps of its location was extremely important. Humboldt set up his instruments, surveying the deep-water bay of Acapulco, to determine its longitude.
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religions consist of three distinct parts—a code of morals which is nearly the same in all of them, and generally very pure; a geological chimera, and a myth or a little historical novel". In
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continue to remain a fractious issue amongst scholars, particularly as earlier biographers had portrayed him as "a largely asexual, Christ-like Humboldt figure...suitable as a national idol".
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In 1869, the 100th year of his birth, Humboldt's fame was so great that cities all over America celebrated his birth with large festivals. In New York City, a bust of his head was unveiled in
1330:) who were seeking sources of pride in Mexico's ancient past, Humboldt's recognition of these ancient works and dissemination in his publications was a boon. He read the work of exiled Jesuit
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becoming king. Humboldt knew the family, and he was sent by the Prussian monarch to Paris to report on events to his monarch. He spent three years in France, from 1830 to 1833. His friends
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and finding it one of the two most influential books on his work, which stirred in him "a burning zeal to add even the most humble contribution to the noble structure of Natural Science".
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1804 map of the Louisiana Territory. Jefferson and his cabinet sought information from Humboldt when he visited Washington, D.C., about Spain's territory in Mexico, now bordering the U.S.
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and its tributaries. This trip, which lasted four months and covered 1,725 miles (2,776 km) of wild and largely uninhabited country, had an aim of establishing the existence of the
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in Egypt, but North Africans were in revolt against the French invasion in Egypt and French authorities refused permission to travel. Humboldt and Bonpland eventually found their way to
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Researches concerning the institutions & monuments of the ancient inhabitants of America : with descriptions & views of some of the most striking scenes in the Cordilleras!
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473:). The following year, 1790, Humboldt returned to Mainz to embark with Forster on a journey to England, Humboldt's first sea voyage, the Netherlands, and France. In England, he met Sir
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Briefe von Alexander von Humboldt an Varnhagen von Ense, aus den jahren 1827 bis 1858 : nebst Auszügen aus Varnhagen's Tagebüchern und Briefen von Varnhagen und andern an Humboldt
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Humboldt had hopes of connecting with the French sailing expedition of Baudin, now finally underway, so Bonpland and Humboldt hurried to Ecuador. They crossed the frozen ridges of the
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from the poles to the equator was communicated to the Paris Institute in a memoir read by him on 7 December 1804. Its importance was attested by the speedy emergence of rival claims.
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In this short piece, the only literary story Humboldt ever authored, he tried to summarize the often contradictory results of the thousands of Galvanic experiments he had undertaken.
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17:
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was the standard as a world currency. But the invitation to visit the Urals was intriguing, especially since Humboldt had long dreamed of going to Asia. He had wanted to travel to
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Humboldt is considered to be the "second discoverer of Cuba" due to the scientific and social research he conducted on this Spanish colony. During an initial three-month stay at
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of your work, Sir, this may be the greatest success that my humble work could bring." In his autobiography, Darwin recalled, reading "with care and profound interest Humboldt's
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Spanish America's ancient civilizations were a source of interest for Humboldt, who included images of Mexican manuscripts (or codices) and Inca ruins in his richly illustrated
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Humboldt and Bonpland had not intended to go to New Spain, but when they were unable to join a voyage to the Pacific, they left the Ecuadorian port of Guayaquil and headed for
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Wilke, Sabine (2011). "Von angezogenen Affen und angekleideten Männern in Baja California: Zu einer Bewertung der Schriften Alexander von Humboldts aus postkolonialer Sicht".
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For many years, it had been one of his favorite schemes to secure, by means of simultaneous observations at distant points, a thorough investigation of the nature and law of "
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During his lifetime Humboldt became one of the most famous men in Europe. Academies, both native and foreign, were eager to elect him to their membership, the first being The
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of a captaincy-general based at Caracas. A great deal of information on the new jurisdiction had already been compiled by François de Pons, but was not published until 1806.
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originate from a time when colonialism was prevalent. Within recent academic publications, there are arguments for and against Humboldt's own imperial bias. Within the book
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Humboldt's passion for travel was of long standing. He devoted to prepare himself as a scientific explorer. With this emphasis, he studied commerce and foreign languages at
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Schwarz, Ingo (1 January 2001). "Alexander von Humboldt's Visit to Washington and Philadelphia, His Friendship with Jefferson, and His Fascination with the United States".
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accomplished in a similar way, even by a mind with gifts so peculiarly suited for the purpose as Humboldt's was, and if all his time and work were devoted to the purpose."
1962:. He dedicated it "To Alexander von Humboldt, this memoir of one whose genius he was among the first to discover and acknowledge, is respectfully inscribed by The Author."
1687:, who personally presented Humboldt with his printed memorials to the Spanish crown critiquing social and economic conditions and his recommendations for eliminating them.
946:). Although, unbeknownst to Humboldt, this existence had been established decades before, his expedition had the important results of determining the exact position of the
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was in florescence. For Humboldt "the confluent effect of the Bourbon revolution in government and the Spanish Enlightenment had created ideal conditions for his venture".
9623:(March 2019a). "Social Relations, Shared Practices, and Emotions: Alexander von Humboldt's Excursion into Literary Classicism and the Challenges to Science around 1800".
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teeth near the Equator. Jefferson had previously written that he believed mammoths had never lived so far south. Humboldt had also hinted at his knowledge of New Spain.
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6645:, (four volumes) translator John Black, London/Edinburgh: Longman, Hurst, Rees Orme and brown; and H. Colborn and W. Blackwood, and Brown and Crombie, Edinburgh 1811.
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the earliest clue to the detection of the more complicated law governing atmospheric disturbances in higher latitudes. This was a major contribution to climatology.
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had reached much higher altitudes centuries before), but 1000 feet short of the summit. Humboldt's journey concluded with an expedition to the sources of the Amazon
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scientific and landowner friends, conducted mineralogical surveys, and finished his vast collection of the island's flora and fauna that he eventually published as
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Letters of Alexander von Humboldt to Varnhagen von Ense. From 1827 to 1858. With extracts from Varnhagen's diaries, and letters of Varnhagen and others to Humboldt
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Letters of Alexander von Humboldt to Varnhagen von Ense. From 1827 to 1858. With extracts from Varnhagen's diaries, and letters of Varnhagen and others to Humboldt
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Letters of Alexander von Humboldt to Varnhagen von Ense. From 1827 to 1858. With extracts from Varnhagen's diaries, and letters of Varnhagen and others to Humboldt
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Letters of Alexander von Humboldt to Varnhagen von Ense. From 1827 to 1858. With extracts from Varnhagen's diaries, and letters of Varnhagen and others to Humboldt
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Two months later, they explored the territory of the Maipures and that of the then-recently extinct Atures Indians. Humboldt laid to rest the persistent myth of
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1711:, followed in his path and painted the same places Humboldt had visited and recorded, such as the basalt formations in Mexico, which was an illustration in his
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on particular topics of botany, zoology, astronomy, mineralogy, among others, but he also wrote general works that attracted a wide readership, especially his
1282:, central New Spain, at the time the most important in the Spanish empire. The bicentennial of his visit in Guanajuato was celebrated with a conference at the
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Humboldt was able to spend more time on writing up his research. He had used his own body for experimentation on muscular irritability, recently discovered by
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A virtual research environment on the works of Alexander von Humboldt. A project by the University of Applied Sciences Offenburg and the University of Kansas.
9101:"Teloschistaceae (lichenized Ascomycota) from the Galapagos Islands: a phylogenetic revision based on morphological, anatomical, chemical, and molecular data"
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by Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland. Edited by Stephen T. Jackson, translated by Sylvie Romanowski. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 2009, p. 248.
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A number of nineteenth-century artists travelled to Latin America, following in the footsteps of Humboldt, painting landscapes and scenes of everyday life.
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as exemplars of a metropolitan capital in touch with the latest developments on the continent and insisting on its modernity. He also recognized important
438:, which his mother might have chosen less for its academic excellence than its closeness to their home in Berlin. On 25 April 1789, he matriculated at the
329:. In 1800, and again in 1831, he described scientifically, on the basis of observations generated during his travels, local impacts of development causing
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Godlewska, Anne (1999). "From Enlightenment Vision to Modern Science? Humboldt's Visual Thinking". In David N. Livingstone; Charles W. J. Withers (eds.).
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One scholar says that his writings contain fantastical descriptions of America, while leaving out its inhabitants, stating that Humboldt, coming from the
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During this visit, a thunderstorm killed a farmer and his wife. Humboldt obtained their corpses and analyzed them in the anatomy tower of the university.
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nearly 30 published volumes. Bonpland returned to Latin America, settling in Buenos Aires, Argentina, then moved to the countryside near the border with
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was Humboldt's multi-volume effort in his later years to write a work bringing together all the research from his long career. The writing took shape in
1862:
After Mexican independence from Spain in 1821, the Mexican government recognized him with high honors for his services to the nation. In 1827, the first
8144:
The autobiography of Charles Darwin 1809–1882. With the original omissions restored. Edited and with appendix and notes by his granddaughter Nora Barlow
1423:
was precisely, and Humboldt wrote him a two-page report on the matter. Jefferson would later refer to Humboldt as "the most scientific man of the age".
813:, with their scientific instruments, which enabled them to take many types of accurate measurements throughout their five-year journey. Oil painting by
14935:
11987:
6174:
3766:
2609:
2008:-based currency was possible in Russia and invited him to visit the Ural Mountains. Humboldt was not encouraging about a platinum-based currency, when
9134:"Two new species of Eleutherodactylus from western and central Mexico ( Eleutherodactylus jamesdixoni sp. nov., Eleutherodactylus humboldti sp. nov.)"
1223:. Humboldt and Bonpland arrived in Mexico City, having been officially welcomed via a letter from the king's representative in New Spain, Viceroy Don
13962:
9308:
8590:
3744:
1555:, 1807, in a large format (54 cm x 84 cm). Largely used for global warming analyses, this map depicts in fact the vegetation of another volcano: the
14362:
12392:
12147:
10813:
10455:
6408:
2932:
Seifert was some thirty years younger, and introducing lower class partners into households under the guise of servants was then a common practice.
1349:(1811). This treatise was the result of Humboldt's own investigations as well as the generosity of Spanish colonial officials for statistical data.
15000:
13184:
7930:
Address delivered on the Centennial Anniversary of the Birth of Alexander von Humboldt, under the auspices of the Boston Society of Natural History
2357:, a brilliant, young, Jewish mathematician in Berlin, for whom he obtained a small crown pension and whom he nominated for the Academy of Science.
1369:, was himself a scientist, Humboldt wrote to him saying that he would be in the United States. Jefferson warmly replied, inviting him to visit the
2732:, died on 8 April 1835. Alexander lamented that he had lost half of himself with the death of his brother. Upon the accession of the crown prince
14675:
14617:
11173:
4226:(Canarias) in 1963, depicts the natural scientist Alexander von Humboldt. The sculpture has been on the terrace of the Humboldblick viewpoint in
1763:
Statue to Humboldt in Alameda Park, Mexico City, erected 1999 on the two hundredth-anniversary of the beginning of his travels to Spanish America
1679:
in the United States were eroding the unity of whites in New Spain. Humboldt's writings on race in New Spain were shaped by the memorials of the
1384:, which was a center of learning in the U.S., Humboldt met with some of the major scientific figures of the era, including chemist and anatomist
734:
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8826:
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2180:
His reputation had long since been made with his publications on the Spanish American expedition. There is not a consensus on the importance of
13406:
10503:
in 2006, explores Humboldt's life through the lens of historical fiction, contrasting his character and contributions to science with those of
9204:
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4120:
3935:
wrote that "The real discoverer of South America was Humboldt, since his work was more useful for our people than the work of all conquerors".
2293:
Many of the original works have been digitally scanned by the Biodiversity Library. There have been new editions of print works, including his
1885:
conferred upon him the honor of the post of royal chamberlain, without at the time exacting the duties. The appointment had a pension of 2,500
10092:
Gould, Stephen Jay (1989). "Church, Humboldt, and Darwin: The Tension and Harmony of Art and Science". In Franklin Kelly; et al. (eds.).
7428:
Nichols, Sandra. "Why Was Humboldt Forgotten in the United States?" Geographical Review 96, no. 3 (July 2006): 399–415. Accessed July 4, 2016.
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3054:
2804:, who went so far as to use Humboldtian science to campaign against religion, Humboldt himself denied imputations of atheism. In a letter to
9354:
7812:
2694:
In 1814 Humboldt accompanied the allied sovereigns to London. Three years later he was summoned by the king of Prussia to attend him at the
531:, who became Humboldt's tutor and close friend. During this period, his brother Wilhelm married, but Alexander did not attend the nuptials.
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10807:
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489:
368:
135:
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349:
11395:
8915:
6151:, pp. 62–63. Wulf's book includes a picture of the encounter (p. 63); she captions it "The battle between horses and electric eels".
3905:. She was operated throughout the North and Baltic Seas until being retired in 1986. Subsequently, she was converted into a three-masted
3790:
1482:. The achievements of the Bourbon regime, especially in New Spain, were evident in the precise data Humboldt systematized and published.
5593:
4424:
4270:
Versuche über die gereizte Muskel- und Nervenfaser nebst Versuchen über den chemischen Prozess des Lebens in der Thier- und Pflanzenwelt
2988:. Newly explored regions and species named after Humboldt, as discussed below, also stand as a measure of his wide fame and popularity.
1938:
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5477:
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2349:. Subsequently, Humboldt acted as a mentor of the career of this promising Peruvian scientist. Another recipient of Humboldt's aid was
1111:, where Humboldt and his party reached an altitude of 19,286 feet (5,878 m). This was a world record at the time (for a westerner—
14980:
9286:
2897:, who travelled with Humboldt to Europe and lived with him. In France, Humboldt travelled and lived with the physicist and balloonist
1851:(New York) in 1843; and the American Geographical and Statistical Society, (New York) in 1856. He was elected a foreign member of the
12075:
10864:
10031:
Economia, ciencia, y política: Estudios sobre Alexander von Humboldt a 200 aňos del ensayo político sobre el reino de la Nueva España
2687:
2577:
1927:
1397:
7016:
4443:
Cosmos : a sketch of a physical description of the universe by Alexander von Humboldt; translated from the German by E. C. Otté
4181:
3134:
Humboldt described many geographical features and species that were hitherto unknown to Europeans. Species named after him include:
1365:
Leaving from Cuba, Humboldt decided to take an unplanned short visit to the United States. Knowing that the current U.S. president,
14815:
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11524:
10823:
7791:
4086:
3324:
2247:
1168:
743:
Instructions concerning the most secure and economic means to transport live plants by land and sea from the most distant countries
14633:
11465:
7101:
José Oscar Frigerio, La rebelión criolla de Oruro fue juzgada en Buenos Aires (1781–1801), Ediciones del Boulevard, Córdoba, 2011.
5178:
3964:
wrote that "Columbus gave Europe a New World; Humboldt made it known in its physical, material, intellectual, and moral aspects".
1619:
origin of rocks previously held to be of aqueous formation, he contributed largely to the elimination of erroneous views, such as
14960:
14890:
14805:
13490:
13079:
11944:
9238:
de Rivero, Mariano (1821). "Note sur une combinaison de l'acide oxalique avec le fer trouvé à Kolowserux, près Belin en Bohéme".
9132:
Devitt, Thomas J.; Tseng, Karen; Taylor-Adair, Marlena; Koganti, Sannidhi; Timugura, Alice; Cannatella, David C. (8 March 2023).
8179:
Kunst um Humboldt: Reisestudiern aus Mittel- un Südamerika von Rugendas, Bellerman un Hildebrandt im Berliner Kupferstichkabinett
7449:
7228:
Kunst um Humboldt: Reisestudien aus Mittel- un Südamerika von Rugendas, Bellermann un Hildebrandt im Berliner Kupferstichkabinett
7089:
P. Victoria "Grandes mitos de la historia de Colombia" (Great myths in Colombian History). Grupo Planeta – Colombia, May 31, 2011
6967:
Examen critique de l'histoire de la géographie du Nouveau Continent et des progrès de l'astronomie nautique au 15e et 16e siècles
4236:
3099:
856:
The ship's destination was not originally Cumaná, but an outbreak of typhoid on board meant that the captain changed course from
31:
10638:
8410:
Sachs, Aaron (2003). "The Ultimate 'Other': Post-Colonialism and Alexander Von Humboldt's Ecological Relationship with Nature".
8202:
Frank Baron, "From Alexander von Humboldt to Frederic Edwin Church: Voyages of Scientific Exploration and Artistic Creativity".
2457:
in the early 1800s. Humboldt praised the poem for combining nature and imagination, a theme that permeated Humboldt's own work.
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10240:
The travels and researches of Alexander von Humboldt by W. Macgillivray; with a narrative of Humboldt's most recent researches
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Chambers, David Wade (1996). "Centre Looks at Periphery: Alexander von Humboldt's Account of Mexican Science and Technology".
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During Humboldt's time in Paris, he met in 1818 the young and brilliant Peruvian student of the Royal Mining School of Paris,
872:
s captain accepted the offer of one of them to serve as pilot. Humboldt hired this Indian, named Carlos del Pino, as a guide.
13522:
10313:
10193:
10164:
10123:
Hey'l, Bettina (2007). "Das Ganze der Natur und die Differenzierung des Wissens. Alexander von Humboldt als Schriftsteller".
10113:
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9805:
9786:
9763:
9726:
9666:
9558:
8344:
8147:
7736:
6863:
How to Write the History of the New World: Histories, Epistemologies, and Identities in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World
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2331:
1844:
1268:
7297:
8050:
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1769:
770:
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4596:
Relation historique du voyage aux régions équinoxiales du nouveau continent, fait en 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803, et 1804
2527:
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progress, sometimes a hundred miles (160 km) in a day. Although they were halted at the end of July and warned of an
790:
453:
At the University of Göttingen, Humboldt met Steven Jan van Geuns, a Dutch medical student, with whom he travelled to the
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9866:, Berlin: Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities – via edition humboldt digital, ed. by Ottmar Ette.
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in the nation's new capital. In his letter Humboldt had gained Jefferson's interest by mentioning that he had discovered
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Humboldt would later reveal to Darwin in the 1840s that he had been deeply interested in Darwin's grandfather's poetry.
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at the head of it rather than the aging scientific traveler. On the postponement of Captain Baudin's proposed voyage of
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bark from a South American tree, which cured fevers. Humboldt's treatise on cinchona was published in English in 1821.
1290:. Although Humboldt was himself a trained geologist and mining inspector, he drew on mining experts in Mexico. One was
4491:
Atlas zu Alex. v. Humboldt's Kosmos in zweiundvierzig Tafeln mit erläuterndem texte /herausgegeben von Traugott Bromme
4303:
Le voyage aux régions equinoxiales du Nouveau Continent, fait en 1799–1804, par Alexandre de Humboldt et Aimé Bonpland
2068:
Between May and November 1829 he and the growing expedition traversed the wide expanse of the Russian empire from the
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14710:
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14261:
13039:
11973:
11016:
9828:
9580:
9483:
7975:
7186:
6365:
Muratta Bunsen, Eduardo (2010). "El conflicto entre eurocentrismo y empatía en la literatura de viajes de Humboldt".
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5084:
Malcolm Nicolson, "Alexander von Humboldt and the Geography of Vegetation", in: A. Cunningham and N. Jardine (eds.),
3839:
3753:
3593:
3460:
3121:
1852:
10806:
10791:
4657:(7 vols. folio, 1815–1825), contains descriptions of above 4500 species of plants collected by Humboldt and Bonpland
1256:
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11342:
11163:
6776:
Nicolaas Rupke, "A Geography of Enlightenment: The Critical Reception of Alexander von Humboldt's Mexico Work". In
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1882:
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On 24 November 1800, the two friends set sail for Cuba, landing on 19 December, where they met fellow botanist and
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One of his most widely read publications resulting from his travels and investigations in Spanish America was the
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in German) to continue his generous support of young academics. Although the original endowment was lost in the
1294:, then head of the General Mining Court in Mexico City, who, like Humboldt was trained in Freiberg. Another was
540:
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11896:
11407:
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8691:
7152:
6780:, edited by David N. Livingstone and Charles W. J. Withers, 319–339. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1999.
6734:
5999:
Andrea Wulf (2015). The invention of nature, the adventures of Alexander von Humboldt, the lost hero of science
4792:
4046:
4017:
3103:
2805:
2417:
1821:
670:
urged Humboldt to accompany him on a major expedition, likely to last five years, but the French revolutionary
10650:
9719:
Humboldt's Cosmos: Alexander von Humboldt and the Latin American journey That Changed the Way We See the World
9418:
Zwei grosse Naturforscher des 19. Jahrhunderts. Ein Briefwechsel zwischen Emil du Bois-Reymond und Karl Ludwig
6915:
A.H. Robinson and Helen M. Wallis. "Humboldt's Map of Isothermal Lines: a Milestone in Thematic Cartography".
5303:
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14587:
12383:
12178:
11144:
10857:
10680:
9625:
7837:
6438:
http://www.moreloshabla.com/morelos/cuernavaca/por-que-le-decimos-ciudad-de-la-eterna-primavera-a-cuernavaca/
4612:
Views of nature, or, Contemplations on the sublime phenomena of creation : with scientific illustrations
4099:
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3895:
is also a German ship named after the scientist, originally built in 1906 by the German shipyard AG Weser at
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3720:
3184:
2154:
2043:
1900:
1848:
1696:
1500:
1479:
667:
14577:
14327:
14276:
10600:
6684:
3961:
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wrote that "Alexander impresses many, particularly when compared to his brother—because he shows off more!"
1859:, whose president Sir Joseph Banks had aided Humboldt as a young man, now welcomed him as a foreign member.
1824:
in Philadelphia, which he visited at the tail end of his travel through the Americas. He was elected to the
14723:
14281:
14120:
12288:
10441:
9366:
p. xvi. Bildner Center for Western Hemisphere Studies, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York
8470:
3617:
3484:
3381:
2981:
1832:
1825:
829:
Armed with authorization from the King of Spain, Humboldt and Bonpland made haste to sail, taking the ship
435:
384:
127:
14384:
12944:
10731:
10038:
Dettlebach, Michael (1996). "Humboldtian Science". In Nicholas Jardin; J.A. Secord; Emma C. Spary (eds.).
9754:(2012). "The Art of Science: Alexander von Humboldt's Views of the Cultures of the World (Introduction)".
9458:, "Celebrating Humanism in St. Louis: The Origins of the Humboldt Statue in Tower Grove Park, 1859‒1878."
8545:
1081:(now in Colombia), a major center of trade in northern South America. Ascending the swollen stream of the
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11215:
11028:
4071:
3819:
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3587:
3314:
1840:
1589:
774:
447:
10612:
2909:
2792:, and sometimes spoke unfavourably of religious attitudes, it was occasionally speculated that he was a
2746:
Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of the New Continent during the years 1799–1804
2284:
Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of the New Continent during the years 1799–1804
1577:
793:
of the royal expedition to Peru and Chile in person in Madrid and examined their botanical collections.
14900:
14733:
14291:
13043:
12349:
12326:
11776:
11752:
11494:
11185:
10735:
10533:
10526:
5002:
4802:
4620:
Views of nature: or, Contemplations on the sublime phenomena of creation; with scientific illustrations
2782:
2773:
2017:
1930:, then (April 1836) president of the Royal Society, secured for the undertaking, the wide basis of the
1331:
1295:
934:
In February 1800, Humboldt and Bonpland left the coast with the purpose of exploring the course of the
563:
562:, which was a compendium of his botanical researches. That publication brought him to the attention of
526:
517:
50:
14379:
14342:
14317:
13458:
13019:
12926:
9528:
9473:
2165:". His 1829 expedition to Russia supplied him with data comparative to his Latin American expedition.
2105:
and his ability to freely report on it. Humboldt published two works on the Russian expedition, first
439:
131:
14865:
14728:
14582:
12208:
11239:
11220:
11129:
10424:
9819:
The Humboldt Current : Nineteenth-Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism
8814:
7809:
Political essay on the kingdom of New Spain containing researches relative to the geography of Mexico
5463:
4741:
4588:
Reise in die aequinoctial-gegenden des neuen Continents in den Jahren 1799, 1800, 1801, 1803 und 1804
4373:
Political essay on the kingdom of New Spain containing researches relative to the geography of Mexico
3796:
3295:
2410:
2318:
2097:
outbreak, Humboldt decided to continue despite the danger. "At my age, nothing should be postponed".
1993:
In 1811, and again in 1818, projects of Asiatic exploration were proposed to Humboldt, first by Czar
1923:
1836:
1634:
1385:
1138:, rich in nitrogen, the subsequent introduction of which into Europe was due mainly to his writings.
1093:
1038:
290:
11608:
9756:
Views of the Cordilleras and Monuments of the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas, A Critical Edition
4326:
Views of the Cordilleras and Monuments of the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas: A Critical Edition
1323:
1272:
1252:
920:
726:
sought to reform administration of the realms and revitalize their economies. At the same time, the
14950:
14905:
14695:
13330:
12818:
11249:
10850:
9988:
8069:
6803:
Personal Narrative of Travels of the Equinocial Regions of the New Continent during Years 1799–1804
4960:
4688:
3827:
3409:
3058:
3030:
2706:
2425:
2402:
1283:
786:
778:
599:
were the key figures at the time. Humboldt contributed (7 June 1795) to Schiller's new periodical,
513:
14522:
14517:
14296:
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11584:
10400:
7807:
4371:
1878:). The gestures were purely honorary; he never returned to the Americas following his expedition.
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14850:
13944:
13750:
13668:
13201:
13191:
11648:
11390:
11082:
10939:
10797:
10220:
9897:
The Invention of Nature : The Adventures of Alexander von Humboldt, the Lost Hero of Science
9838:
8520:
The Concept of Human Dignity in the French and American Enlightenments: Religion, Virtue, Liberty
6351:
6285:"Ritualidad estatal, capacocha y actores sociales locales: El Cementerio del volcán Llullaillaco"
5582:
5067:
4503:
4496:
4489:
4362:
3971:
3599:
3509:
3481: – 275 m Waterfall in Lower Hollyford Valley, Fiordland National Park, New Zealand
3092:
3006:
1842: Chancellor of the Order of Merit, an administrative position empowered to appoint, by King
2940:
2898:
1720:
1471:
1070:
762:
750:
521:
443:
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14301:
10790:
9573:
The First America : the Spanish Monarchy, Creole Patriots, and the Liberal State, 1492-1867
9069:
7319:
6488:
Plano físico de la Nueva España, Perfil del Camino de Acapulco a Mégico , y de Mégico a Veracruz
4997:
2855:
1628:
1086:
14512:
13065:
12851:
12736:
11792:
11480:
11332:
11197:
9602:
8976:
4812:
4807:
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3611:
3539:
3262:
3198:
3020:
2496:
2478:
2469:
2145:
2131:
1708:
1001:
505:
493:
317:
268:
218:
14718:
14567:
14507:
14399:
13788:
11928:
6289:
6176:
Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America During the Years 1799–1804
2927:
Signature of Humboldt late in life, when his handwriting became increasingly difficult to read
2705:
Between 1830 and 1848 Humboldt was frequently employed in diplomatic missions to the court of
1573:
1224:
1191:
on Mexico's west coast. Even before Humboldt and Bonpland started on their way to New Spain's
737:
to Chile and Peru (1777–88), New Granada (1783–1816), New Spain (Mexico) (1787–1803), and the
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13758:
12482:
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12296:
12226:
12221:
12022:
11800:
11736:
11704:
11576:
11357:
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11192:
11119:
10579:
9704:(online Universal Digital Library, facsimile of original ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
9590:
8375:
3989:
3867:, to Humboldt, "With Very Profound Respect". Humboldt's attempt to unify the sciences in his
3605:
3270:
3246:
2920:, and latterly in Berlin, with his valet Seifert, who had accompanied him to Russia in 1829.
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2490:
2464:
1505:
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989:
727:
408:
392:
214:
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13763:
13394:
13222:
12692:
12271:
12091:
9193:, Appendix D. "List of Geographic Features Named after Alexander von Humboldt", pp. 377–378.
8543:
Wilhelm Humboldt (Freiherr von), Charlotte Hildebrand Diede, Catharine M. A. Couper (1849).
5621:"Michael von Schweder (10) und Elisabeth Blomenfelt, gen. Persdotter (11) - von-Humboldt_de"
4003:
3967:
3495:
591:
In 1794, Humboldt was admitted to the famous group of intellectuals and cultural leaders of
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14785:
14532:
13876:
13612:
13154:
12936:
12792:
12339:
12118:
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11848:
11712:
11624:
11337:
11290:
11057:
10946:
10786:
10642:
10504:
10362:
10234:
10101:
9282:
7442:
7178:
7172:
5419:
5228:
5071:
4782:
4755:
4660:
4024:
3979:
3948:
3940:
3863:
3724:
3227:
2729:
2482:
2373:
2270:
1994:
1958:
1812:
1745:
1724:
1684:
1485:
This memorable expedition may be regarded as having laid the foundation of the sciences of
1310:
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695:
652:
509:
423:
400:
376:
275:
98:
14492:
9597:. Vol. II. Translated by Jane and Caroline Lassell. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
4266:, 1793. Humboldt's observations of underground plants made when he was a mining inspector.
2682:. The Prussian royal family returned to Berlin, but sought better terms of the treaty and
2416:
Humboldt carried on correspondence with many contemporaries and two volumes of letters to
1203:
Humboldt and Bonpland landed in Acapulco on 15 February 1803, and from there they went to
8:
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Ortega y Medina, Juan A. "Humboldt visto por los mexicanos" in Jorge A. Vivó Escoto, ed.
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Aspects of nature, in different lands and different climates with scientific elucidations
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Humboldt once wrote "I don't know sensual needs". However, a pious travelling companion,
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907:"). Returning to Cumaná, Humboldt observed, on the night of 11–12 November, a remarkable
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in 1831, based on lectures he gave on the topic. In 1843, he completed the three-volume
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11696:
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11156:
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9942:
Ackerknecht, Erwin H. (1955). "George Forster, Alexander von Humboldt, and Ethnology".
9895:
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8437:
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8118:
7713:
6409:"La breve exploración de este magnífico personaje puso a Cuernavaca en el mapa mundial"
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Hans Christian Ørsted and the Romantic Legacy in Science: Ideas, Disciplines, Practices
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Over the years other learned societies in the U.S. elected him a member, including the
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817:, 1856. Humboldt did not like the painting as the instruments depicted were inaccurate.
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172:
75:
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Visible Empire: Botanical Expeditions and Visual Culture in the Hispanic Enlightenment
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Letters to a female friend: A complete ed., translated from the 2d German ed, Volume 2
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the academic training and experience of working well within a bureaucratic structure.
289:, while his advocacy of long-term systematic geophysical measurement pioneered modern
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9991:(2005). "How Derivative was Humboldt?". In Schiebinger, Londa; Swan, Claudia (eds.).
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to Honda, they arrived in Bogotá on 6 July 1801, where they met the Spanish botanist
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10353:
Pausas, Juli G.; Bond, William J. (2019). "Humboldt and the reinvention of nature".
10300:, Chapter 1, " Journey to the Top of the World" New York: Prentice Hall Press, 1992.
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Ida Pfeiffer: Weltreisende im 19. Jahrhundert: Zur Kulturgeschichte reisender Frauen
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Florae Fribergensis specimen plantas cryptogramicus praesertim subterraneas exhibens
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Florae Fribergensis, accedunt Aphorismi ex Doctrina, Physiologiae Chemicae Plantarum
539:
Humboldt graduated from the Freiberg School of Mines in 1792 and was appointed to a
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on his second voyage. Humboldt's scientific excursion resulted in his 1790 treatise
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Asie centrale, recherches sur les chaînes des montagnes et la climotologie comparée
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Asie centrale, recherches sur les chaînes des montagnes et la climotologie comparée
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wrote that "Every assiduous scholar ... is Humboldt's son; we are all his family."
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11592:
10824:"Alexander Von Humboldt and the history of international scientific collaboration"
10676:
10551:
Climbing the Chimborazo (Ascenso al volcán Chimborazo) (1989), a film directed by
10333:
Alexander von Humboldt. His Portraits and their Artists. A Documentary Iconography
10049:
Humboldt's Mexico: In the Footsteps of the Illustrious German Scientific Traveller
9924:
Zimmerer, Karl S. (2011). "Mapping Mountains". In Jordana Dym; Karl Offen (eds.).
7731:. Cambridge Geographical Studies (No. 15). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7501:]. Saint Petersburg: Tip. Tovarishchestva obshchestvennaia Pol'za. p. 60.
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Traveling from New Spain to Mexico: Mapping Practices of Nineteenth-century Mexico
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Traveling from New Spain to Mexico: Mapping Practices of Nineteenth-century Mexico
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would travel to Russia in his own French coach, with a German servant, as well as
1904:
Memorial plaque, Alexander von Humboldt, Karolinenstraße 19, Berlin-Tegel, Germany
1871:
1176:
806:
745:, with illustrations, including one for the crates to transport seeds and plants.
684:
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Humboldt is seen as "the father of ecology" and "the father of environmentalism".
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Empiricism and Geographical Thought: From Francis Bacon to Alexander von Humboldt
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Relation historique du Voyage aux Régions équinoxiales du Nouveau Continent, etc.
4412:
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gathered reminiscences from homosexuals including Humboldt's friend the botanist
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After their first stay in Cuba of three months, they returned to the mainland at
998:
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356:
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13411:
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11516:
9758:. By Alexander von Humboldt. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. xxi.
8219:. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution Press 1989.
4272:. (2 volumes), 1797. Humboldt's experiments in galvanism and nerve conductivity.
2874:
Humboldt never married: while he was friendly with a number of women, including
2360:
Humboldt's popular writings inspired many scientists and naturalists, including
2295:
Views of the Cordilleras and Monuments of the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas
1271:, who died in 1799, just before Humboldt's visit; Miguel Velásquez de León; and
924:
348:
on 14 September 1769. He was baptized as a baby in the Lutheran faith, with the
14482:
14352:
14222:
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14156:
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13144:
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12708:
12661:
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12248:
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12053:
12027:
12017:
11920:
11888:
11760:
11672:
11664:
11446:
11244:
11227:
11097:
11087:
11011:
11006:
10976:
10750:"Alexander von Humboldt featured on the East German 5 Marks banknote from 1964"
10690:
10459:
10432:
10306:
A longing for wide and unknown things : the life of Alexander von Humboldt
10202:
9777:
Personal Narrative of a Journey to the Equinoctial Regions of the New Continent
9747:
8810:
8570:
8475:
8005:""'Conquerors of the Künlün'? The Schlagintweit Mission to High Asia, 1854–57""
6745:
6341:
6336:
4769:
4692:
4329:
4277:
Ueber die unterirdischen Gasarten und die Mittel, ihren Nachtheil zu vermindern
3936:
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of France, with whom he always maintained the most cordial personal relations.
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164:
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10416:
10327:. Mexico City: Instituto de Historia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
9873:
The Passage to Cosmos : Alexander von Humboldt and the Shaping of America
9117:
9100:
6063:
5432:
5407:
5147:
4305:(Paris, 1807, etc.), consisted of thirty folio and quarto volumes, including:
3909:
by the German shipyard Motorwerke Bremerhaven, and was re-launched in 1988 as
1973:
have become more and more focused on narrow fields of work. Humboldt combined
1183:, later identified as a Maya manuscript, published in part by Humboldt in 1810
355:
His father, Alexander Georg von Humboldt (1720-1779), belonged to a prominent
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13232:
12963:
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12886:
12799:
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11872:
11864:
11808:
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11656:
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11352:
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11302:
11180:
11168:
11107:
10986:
10835:
10778:
10762:
10517:
10392:
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10021:
9963:
9916:
9690:
9613:
9568:
9396:
9159:
8433:
8388:
8354:
7874:, translated by Sylvie Romanowski. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 2009.
6757:
6318:
6202:
Historical Sketch of the Science of Botany in North America from 1635 to 1840
6139:
Mark Forsyth. The etymologicon. Icon Books Ltd. London N79DP, (2011), p. 123.
5597:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 873–875.
5588:
5441:
5357:
5339:
Drawdown: the most comprehensive plan ever proposed to reverse global warming
5106:
5007:
4545:
Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of the New Continent
3896:
3515:
3437:
3421:
3415:
3403:
3231:
2952:
2808:
he emphasized that he believed the world had indeed been created, writing of
2671:
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2507:
2377:
2350:
2224:
1856:
1639:
1393:
1318:
1180:
935:
908:
900:
733:
The Bourbon monarchy had already authorized and funded expeditions, with the
631:
478:
458:
419:
395:
was something of a ne'er do well, not often mentioned in the family history.
379:. He profited from the contract to lease state lotteries and tobacco sales.
364:
109:
10374:
10277:
10248:
9376:
6823:
6273:
Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland, Sixième Partie, Botanique, vo. 1 Paris 1808.
4522:
Kosmos. Entwurf einer physischen Weltbeschreibung von Alexander von Humboldt
3814:
Alexander von Humboldt also lends his name to a prominent lecture series in
3412: – 4,287 m mountain in Custer County, Colorado, United States
2936:
2460:
2228:
2204:
1011:, his first tasks were to survey that city properly and the nearby towns of
14189:
14166:
14161:
13987:
13818:
13813:
13676:
13558:
13439:
13360:
13252:
13159:
12986:
12978:
12879:
12837:
12722:
12566:
12524:
12517:
12447:
11965:
11560:
11547:
11402:
11134:
11124:
11070:
11065:
10912:
10552:
10173:
10157:
Alexander von Humboldt und Thaddäus Haenke. Reisetagebücher über Südamerika
9971:
9709:
9654:
9620:
9455:
9177:
5482:
5449:
5380:
3671:
3047:
2290:
was widely read in Mexico itself, the United States, as well as in Europe.
2203:
First page of the table of contents to volume 1 of "Cosmos," translated by
1966:
1952:
1870:
granted Humboldt Mexican citizenship and in 1859, the President of Mexico,
1672:
1616:
1381:
951:
943:
865:
encountered two large dugout canoes each carrying 18 Guayaqui Indians. The
814:
474:
286:
182:
150:
13897:
13282:
10132:
Holl, Frank (1996). "Alexander von Humboldt's Expedition through Mexico".
9993:
Colonial Botany: Science, Commerce, and Politics in the Early Modern World
8334:
7757:
Alexander von Humboldt. Science in Britain and Germany during his lifetime
6721:
1646:
Humboldt conducted a census of the indigenous and European inhabitants in
14527:
14424:
14217:
13902:
13892:
13823:
13726:
13370:
13350:
13242:
12872:
12865:
12858:
12615:
12608:
12587:
12580:
12510:
12496:
12454:
12440:
12433:
12399:
11824:
11816:
11307:
11092:
11042:
10963:
10741:
10537:
10521:
10074:
Foner, Philip S. (1983). "Alexander von Humboldt on Slavery in America".
9890:
9751:
7015:. Richard Steckel and Michael Haines (eds.). Cambridge University Press.
5371:
4817:
4667:(1808); Cuvier, Latreille, Valenciennes and Gay-Lussac cooperated in the
4333:
3691:
2793:
2235:, better known as the pirated version by Traugott Bromme under the title
2192:
as "little more than an academic curiosity". A different opinion is that
2051:
2047:
2039:
1741:
1691:
1522:
1494:
1370:
1192:
1112:
974:
404:
294:
272:
264:
210:
14112:
13972:
13297:
12276:
10383:
10258:
Alexander Von Humboldt: Explorer, Naturalist & Environmental Pioneer
9150:
8396:
8122:
8106:
3978:
remarked "I consider him the most important scientist whom I have met".
3939:
expressed his debt to Humboldt, and admiration for his work, writing to
834:
271:. He was the younger brother of the Prussian minister, philosopher, and
14643:
14357:
14093:
14078:
13731:
13716:
13706:
13497:
13129:
13000:
12993:
12715:
12594:
12573:
12538:
12531:
9460:
Gateway Heritage: Quarterly Magazine of the Missouri Historical Society
9257:
8441:
6877:, p. 89. This publication includes Humboldt's first sketch of the
6389:
6309:
6201:
5903:
4243:
4227:
3665:
3106: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2678:
In the Napoleonic wars, Prussia had capitulated to France, signing the
2335:
2313:
1776:
1596:
1466:. His image as the premier European scientist was a later development.
1279:
1212:
1108:
1066:
1012:
821:
691:
671:
462:
388:
252:
13721:
13287:
10639:"Web site of the Humboldt Lecture series in Nijmegen, the Netherlands"
10427:(22 October 2015). "The Very Great Alexander von Humboldt" (review of
10106:
Alexander von Humboldt and the United States: Art, Nature, and Culture
10033:(in Mexican Spanish). Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
9861:
8105:
Barrett, Paul H.; Corcos, Alain F.; Humboldt, Alexandre (April 1972).
7829:
7447:, "The Hundredth Anniversary of the Death of Alexander von Humboldt",
7125:
Church and State in Bourbon Mexico: The Diocese of Michoacán 1749–1810
6892:
Des lignes isothermes et de la distribution de la châleur sur le globe
5240:
4529:
Des lignes isothermes et de la distribution de la châleur sur le globe
4401:
Essai géognostique sur le gisement des roches dans les deux continents
1728:
eventually cost him twenty-one, and even then it remained incomplete.
14088:
13907:
13870:
13828:
13711:
13553:
12772:
12751:
12743:
12468:
12154:
10900:
8243:
Last Rambles Amongst the Indians of the Rocky Mountains and the Andes
7887:, Stephen T. Jackson, ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 2014.
6509:
Geography Unbound: French Geographic Science from Cassini to Humboldt
5964:(Madrid 1779). Biblioteca del Real Jardín Botánico, Madrid, cited in
4310:
Vues des Cordillères et monuments des peuples indigènes de l'Amérique
4192:
3300:
3061:"as the man who honours the order", "the hero of science in Germany".
2943:, then nearly 90 years old: some of the material was incorporated by
2917:
2820:
2698:. Again in the autumn of 1822 he accompanied the same monarch to the
2369:
1647:
1620:
1420:
1303:
Vues des cordillères et monuments des peuples indigènes de l'Amerique
1065:
Humboldt and his fellow scientist Aimé Bonpland near the foot of the
942:(a communication between the water systems of the rivers Orinoco and
850:
782:
757:
497:
360:
282:
200:
14070:
13977:
13681:
13485:
12191:
9843:
The Humboldt Current: A European Explorer and His American Disciples
9502:
Cosmos: A Sketch of a Physical Description of the Universe, Volume 4
7215:
Vues des Cordillères et monumens des peuples indigènes de l'Amerique
3734:
3081:
3000:
1829: Actual Privy Counsellor, with the title of Excellency by King
2901:. Later he had a deep friendship with the married French astronomer
1430:
After six weeks, Humboldt set sail for Europe from the mouth of the
1314:
1235:, that were directed to the crown for the improvement of New Spain.
1163:
Vue des Cordillères et monuments des peuples indigènes de l'Amérique
846:
710:
315:
from the ancient Greek and assigned it to his multivolume treatise,
14016:
14011:
14003:
13264:
12545:
11327:
11139:
10703:
10186:
Die Humboldts in Berlin: Zwei Brüder erfinden die Gelehrtenrepublik
9995:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 148–165.
9955:
9638:
7751:
all information from Wolf-Dieter Grün: The English editions of the
6025:
Paris: Colnet 1806. It was also published in English the same year.
4514:
of Don Hippolito Ruiz on various medicinal plants of South America
4416:(1814–1825), an unfinished narrative of his travels, including the
4350:
Examen critique de l'histoire de la géographie du Nouveau Continent
4223:
3675:
2951:. However, speculations about Humboldt's private life and possible
2501:
2327:
2077:
2005:
1556:
1450:
1435:
1401:
1240:
1208:
1188:
1034:
838:
604:
580:
555:
544:
301:
248:
10842:
10699:
10286:
Nature's Interpreter: The Life and Times of Alexander von Humboldt
7495:Александр Гумбольдт. Его жизнь, путешествия и научная деятельность
6241:
6239:
6237:
5749:
5747:
3986:
wrote that "He was to science what Shakespeare was to the drama".
3475:– natural waterway through the central Canadian Arctic Archipelago
2173:
sciences then known in a Kantian framework. With inspiration from
1695:
that Humboldt dedicated large parts of his work to describing the
1576:, which he explicitly referred to. The Spanish American scientist
825:
Map of the Cassiquiare canal based on Humboldt's 1799 observations
371:. At age 42, Alexander Georg was rewarded for his services in the
14038:
14030:
13696:
13480:
12552:
10604:
9682:
Humboldt: The Life and Times of Alexander von Humboldt, 1769–1859
9612:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
8270:
The Last Travels of Ida Pfeiffer, inclusive a visit to Madagaskar
7456:
5271:"Von Humboldt and the establishment of geomagnetic observatories"
4206:
Louis Agassiz and Alexander von Humboldt statues at Jordan Hall,
4156:
2797:
2423:
Charles Darwin made frequent reference to Humboldt's work in his
2199:
2158:
2094:
2086:
2073:
1974:
1611:
1610:
His services to geology were based on his attentive study of the
1526:
1518:
1374:
1357:
1216:
1020:
916:
912:
892:
769:
Before leaving Madrid in 1799, Humboldt and Bonpland visited the
717:
who authorized Humboldt's travels and research in Spanish America
485:
431:
414:
345:
322:
139:
10224:
6505:
Atlás géographique et physique du Royaume de la Nouvelle-Espagne
6182:
5693:
5644:
5642:
4357:
Atlas géographique et physique du royaume de la Nouvelle Espagne
3706:
2392:
1922:" (a term invented by him to designate abnormal disturbances of
1419:
Jefferson was unsure of where the border of the newly-purchased
644:), enriched in the French translation with notes by Blumenbach.
14098:
13600:
13527:
13227:
13088:
12681:
9283:"Short History – Humboldt–Universität zu Berlin"
6624:
6234:
5744:
5722:
5720:
5061:
3970:
remarked "You have been studying Botanics? Just like my wife!"
3906:
3838:
After his death, Humboldt's friends and colleagues created the
3444:
2964:
2009:
1985:
1886:
1881:
Importantly for Humboldt's long-term financial stability, King
1780:
1749:
1700:
1530:
1388:, who pushed for compulsory smallpox vaccination, and botanist
1127:
1008:
884:
857:
699:
620:
363:. Although not one of the titled gentry, he was a major in the
279:
71:
14971:
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
13691:
9131:
7984:
7414:
Memoir of the Life and Public Services of John Charles Fremont
4286:, with J.L. Gay-Lussac. Paris 1805. German edition, Türbingen.
3731:
Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research Institute
2656:
471:
Mineralogic Observations on Several Basalts on the River Rhine
13998:
13957:
13292:
13258:
13247:
8924:
7499:
Alexander Humboldt: His Life, Travels and Scientific Activity
5639:
5179:"Alexander von Humboldt and the General Physics of the Earth"
4222:
The bronze sculpture by the artist Ana Lilia Martín, born in
3453: – 1,617 m (5,308 ft), New Caledonia
3371:
2968:
2890:
2089:
the farthest destination, then a return to Saint Petersburg.
2082:
2013:
1656:
1204:
1135:
1097:
1016:
842:
837:, on 5 June 1799. The ship stopped six days on the island of
584:
Schiller, Wilhelm, and Alexander von Humboldt with Goethe in
454:
300:
Between 1799 and 1804, Humboldt travelled extensively in the
14896:
Honorary members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
10616:
9202:
8893:
7935:
7910:
7505:
7097:
7095:
6947:
6922:
6576:
5717:
2971:, alongside his brother Wilhelm and sister-in-law Caroline.
508:; and astronomy and the use of scientific instruments under
14996:
Members of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities
14065:
10625:
10125:
Quellen und Forschungen zur Literatur- und Kulturgeschichte
10029:
Covarrubias, José E; Souto Mantecón, Matilde, eds. (2012).
9523:
6833:
6831:
6691:
6600:
6564:
6377:
6222:
6109:
4900:
4856:
3779:
Alexander von Humboldt German International School Montreal
3222:
3037:, the highest honour that was in the royal power to confer.
2069:
2042:, a professor of chemistry and mineralogy. He also invited
1146:
1120:
585:
308:
were once joined (South America and Africa in particular).
10042:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 287–304.
7852:
6612:
6527:
5795:
4941:
4891:
4547:. 7 vols. London. First edition in French, Paris: 1815–26.
4467:
Ansichten der Natur: mit wissenschaftlichen Erläuterungen
4155:
Alexander Von Humboldt Statue. El Guácharo National Park.
2739:
2725:, were appointed to posts in Louis-Philippe's government.
2046:
to join the expedition, to study water micro-organisms in
1317:
of Mexico City in 1790, along with select drawings of the
1150:
Silver mining complex of La Valenciana, Guanajuato, Mexico
1100:
on 6 January 1802, after a tedious and difficult journey.
554:
Humboldt's researches into the vegetation of the mines of
520:, who became a regional geologist; and, most importantly,
13057:
10663:"Virtual exhibition on Paris Observatory digital library"
10456:"How Alexander von Humboldt put South America on the map"
10087:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 236–275.
10028:
9420:. Leipzig: Verlag von Johann Ambrosius Barth. p. 61.
9000:
8998:
8856:
8761:
8660:
7591:
7092:
6471:
6469:
6467:
6465:
6002:
5920:
5918:
5916:
5887:
5885:
5883:
5783:
4932:
4847:
4669:
Recueil d'observations de zoologie et d'anatomie comparée
3956:
observed that "Humboldt showers us with true treasures".
3822:). It is the Dutch equivalent of the widely known annual
2885:
A traveling companion in the Americas for five years was
2504:
three times, twice in 1855 and then in 1859 in eruption.
2184:. One scholar, who stresses the importance of Humboldt's
2157:
in the winter of 1827–28. These lectures would form "the
2060:
1508:, 1805, who met Humboldt when he visited the U.S. in 1804
647:
467:
Mineralogische Beobachtungen über einige Basalte am Rhein
10051:. Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP.
9386:– Darwin, C. R. to secretary of New York Liberal Club",
8773:
8737:
8336:
Imperial Eyes : Travel Writing and Transculturation
8302:
8290:
8257:. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art (U.S.) 1992.
7615:
7566:
7542:
7517:
7468:
7424:
7422:
7344:
7270:
6897:
6843:
6828:
6783:
6251:
3974:
said "This man is as knowledgeable as a whole academy".
3833:
3469:– Mountain Range in Fiordland National Park, New Zealand
2254:. But later Johnston published it alone under the title
1134:
on 9 November and studied the fertilizing properties of
993:
Humboldt botanical drawing published in his work on Cuba
27:
Prussian geographer, naturalist and explorer (1769–1859)
10478:. Mexico City: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
10178:
Humboldts Preußen. Wissenschaft und Technik im Aufbruch
9773:
Nicolson, Malcolm; Wilson, Jason (1995). Introduction.
9356:
Alexander von Humboldt. From the Americas to the Cosmos
8648:
8552:
8507:
Letters of Alexander von Humboldt to Varnhagen von Ense
7693:
7683:
7681:
7416:. New York: Derby & Jackson, 1856, Dedication page.
6982:, p. 76, reproducing the chart, illustration 23, p. 77.
6685:
10.1656/1092-6194(2001)8[43:AVHVTW]2.0.CO;2
6450:
5942:
5732:
5627:
5534:
4336:, editors. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014.
3418: – 4,940 m mountain in Mérida, Venezuela
2020:
to authorize a trip, but those efforts were fruitless.
543:
position in the Department of Mines as an inspector in
10655:
Polymath Virtual Library, Fundación Ignacio Larramendi
10134:
European Traveler-Artists in Nineteenth-Century Mexico
9781:. By Alexander von Humboldt. New York: Penguin Books.
9080:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
9031:
9019:
8995:
8946:
8934:
8626:
8624:
8111:
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
7394:
7230:. Munich: Hirmer Verlag München 2009, 105, catalog 52.
6588:
6539:
6494:, Durham: Duke University Press 2011, p. 70, plate 18.
6462:
6028:
5930:
5913:
5880:
5868:
5771:
5759:
5705:
5654:
4506:
Bonpland; bearbeitet und herausgegeben von dem erstern
3701:
2984:, planned that year and constructed shortly after the
2308:
1603:
His discovery of the decrease in intensity of Earth's
1219:. Impressed by its climate, he nicknamed the city the
10180:. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft 2015.
8749:
8725:
8104:
7419:
7195:
7127:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1994, p. 228.
6040:
5683:
5681:
5601:
5522:
5502:
Lives of the brothers Humboldt, Alexander and William
4364:
Essai politique sur le royaume de la Nouvelle Espagne
2661:
2025:
1588:
Isothermal map of the world using Humboldt's data by
1278:
Humboldt spent time at the Valenciana silver mine in
14841:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
10763:"Alexander von Humboldt and Coenraad Jacob Temminck"
10497:, translated into English by Carol Brown Janeway as
10226:
Vistas: Visual Culture in Spanish America, 1520–1820
9353:
Raymond Erickson, Mauricio A. Font, Brian Schwartz.
9099:
Bungartz, Frank; Søchting, Ulrik; Arup, Ulf (2020).
9098:
8636:
8609:
8525:
8273:. London: Routledge, Warne and Routledge. p. x.
8245:. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 1867, pp. 332–333.
8107:"A Letter from Alexander Humboldt to Charles Darwin"
8086:
7898:
7766:
7678:
7653:
7603:
7554:
7356:
6818:, Humboldt's Tableau Physique revisited, PNAS, 2019
6511:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1999, p. 257.
6339:
when he made the first ascent of Chimborazo in 1880.
4947:
4944:
4938:
4906:
4903:
4897:
4862:
4859:
4853:
4703:
1536:
This quantitative methodology would become known as
1343:
Essai politique sur le royaum de la Nouvelle Espagne
705:
10136:. Mexico: Fomento Cultural Banamex. pp. 51–61.
9742:(Master of Arts in German). University of Illinois.
8868:
8621:
8181:. Berlin: Kupferstichkabinett Statliche Musee 2009.
8159:
7233:
7009:"The Peopling of Mexico from Origins to Revolution"
4935:
4929:
4926:
4894:
4888:
4885:
4850:
4844:
4841:
4687:is used to indicate this person as the author when
4290:
Fragments de géologie et de climatologie asiatiques
4093:, describing him as "the second discoverer of Cuba"
3920:operates a hopper dredger built in 1998 also named
3459:, Antarctic mountains discovered and mapped by the
2108:
Fragments de géologie et de climatologie asiatiques
1807:
339:
10808:"Humboldt, Friedrich Heinrich Alexander von"
10213:Bicentenario de Humboldt en Guanajuato (1803–2003)
9987:
9894:
9816:
9774:
9698:Dickinson, Robert Eric; Howarth, O. J. R. (1933).
9446:, in Popular Lectures on Scientific Subjects, 1873
8684:Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation
8048:(with explanatory notes and a full index of names)
7145:Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation
6559:Bicentenario de Humboldt en Guanajuato (1803–2003)
5990:Jackson, "Biographical Sketches" pp. 245, 246–247.
5843:
5678:
5666:
5584:"Humboldt, Friedrich Heinrich Alexander von"
5297:
5295:
4648:(with explanatory notes and a full index of names)
4451:Cosmos: essai d'une description physique du monde
4409:. 2 vols. Paris 1828. English and German editions.
3767:List of schools named after Alexander von Humboldt
2980:monuments were constructed in his honour, such as
1668:painting depictions of mixed-race family groupings
1103:Their stay in Ecuador was marked by the ascent of
903:asphalt lake as "The spring of the good priest" ("
845:, and then sailed on to the New World, landing at
656:Alexander von Humboldt's Latin American expedition
637:Versuche über die gereizte Muskel- und Nervenfaser
11546:
10754:Banknotes featuring Scientists and Mathematicians
10096:. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
9505:. Translated by Elise C. Otté. Harper. p. 76
8230:In the Heart of the Andes: Church's Great Picture
5831:
3927:
3745:California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt
3050:"For his eminent services in terrestrial physics"
2838:towards Judaism, and he criticized the political
2788:Because Humboldt did not mention God in his work
1161:, Mexico by Alexander von Humboldt, published in
642:Experiments on Stimulated Muscle and Nerve Fibres
245:Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt
18:Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt
14946:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
14772:
10536:is a 2012 German / Austrian 3D film directed by
9845:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
9697:
9442:H. Helmholtz (1869), translated by E. Atkinson,
8255:South American Indian paintings by George Catlin
8025:. Tr. from the 2d German by Friedrich Kapp (ed.)
7672:
7485:
7483:
6944:. Durham: Duke University Press 2011, pp. 74–75.
5819:
5499:
4638:. Tr. from the 2d German by Friedrich Kapp (ed.)
2713:had been overthrown, with Louis-Philippe of the
2030:in Berlin and another 20,000 when he arrived in
1451:Achievements of the Hispanic American expedition
1141:
1130:, the main port for Peru, Humboldt observed the
10206:Alexander von Humboldt's Transatlantic Personae
9859:
9553:. Chicago London: University of Chicago Press.
9415:
7759:. Joint symposium of the Royal Society and the
6735:"Humboldt 'America' diaries to stay in Germany"
6666:
6664:
6395:
6245:
5977:Stephen T. Jackson, "Biographical Sketches" in
5495:
5493:
5292:
4987:, William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1990, p. 174.
3071:
2963:On 24 February 1857, Humboldt suffered a minor
977:by proposing that the seasonal flooding of the
735:Botanical Expedition to the Viceroyalty of Peru
660:
627:to fulfill his long-cherished dream of travel.
14966:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
10474:Zea, Leopoldo; Magallón, Carlos, eds. (1999).
10399:
10108:. Washington, DC: Princeton University Press.
9772:
8973:The Knights of the Order of the Pour le Mérite
8968:Die Ritter des Ordens pour le mérite 1812–1913
8579:(1860). Cambridge University Press. pp. 25–26.
8368:
8366:
8364:
8325:
8323:
8321:
8319:
8317:
7378:. Editorial Siglo XXI. México. 1999. p. xviii.
7135:
7133:
6364:
6347:Travels amongst the Great Andes of the Equator
6188:
5753:
5726:
5699:
5648:
3523:
3443:"Monumento Nacional Alejandro de Humboldt" at
2800:. However, unlike irreligious figures such as
2223:under the superintendence of her husband Col.
2016:and made considerable efforts to persuade the
1989:Map of Humboldt's expedition to Russia in 1829
1744:in 1803, located at 80 Rep. de Uruguay in the
558:led to the publication in Latin (1793) of his
247:(14 September 1769 – 6 May 1859) was a German
14926:Members of the American Philosophical Society
13073:
11981:
11532:
10858:
10439:, Harvard University Press, 2015, 326 pp.)".
10437:After Nature: A Politics for the Anthropocene
10218:
10002:Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies
9798:Alexander von Humboldt : a Metabiography
9746:
8453:
8451:
8339:(2nd ed.). London: Routledge. p. .
7990:
7858:
7480:
7453:, vol. 38, no. 3, (August 1958), pp. 394–396.
7054:, chapter entitled "Whites, Negroes, Castes".
6630:
6606:
6582:
6335:Humboldt's claim was disputed by mountaineer
6076:, Instituto Venezolano del Asfalto INVEAS.org
3528:The following places are named for Humboldt:
3055:Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art
2893:in 1802 he met the Ecuadorian aristocrat Don
2342:and politics until Bonpland's death in 1858.
1980:
1028:
687:, the botanist and physician for the voyage.
534:
344:Alexander von Humboldt was born in Berlin in
278:(1767–1835). Humboldt's quantitative work on
14458:
14260:
11995:
10613:"The Alexander von Humboldt Digital Library"
10264:
10233:
9926:Mapping Latin America: A Cartographic Reader
9571:(1991). "Chapter 23. Scientific Traveller".
9406:– Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 6 Aug 1881
9072:Salix humboldtiana Willd./ Humboldt's willow
8850:Die Homosexualitat des Mannes und des Weibes
8797:Die Homosexualitat des Mannes und des Weibes
8232:. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art 1993.
6661:
6087:"Paría – ein abwechslungsreiches Stück Land"
5500:Klencke, Hermann; Schlesier, Gustav (1853).
5490:
5331:
5329:
3945:greatest scientific traveller who ever lived
2106:
1723:for the purpose of investigating the law of
1023:. He befriended Cuban landowner and thinker
635:
608:
14941:Members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences
14931:Members of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences
14921:Members of the American Antiquarian Society
13933:
11396:Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom
10814:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
10473:
10349:, pp. 237–258. Mexico City: UNAM 1962.
10255:
9941:
8361:
8314:
8002:
7130:
7039:Political essay on the Kingdom of New Spain
6994:Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain
6865:. Stanford: Stanford University Press 2001.
6654:Benjamin Keen, "Alexander von Humboldt" in
6643:Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain
6507:, lxxxiii–lxxiv, quoted in Anne Godlewska,
6490:. Chart is published in Magali M. Carrera,
4793:Lejeune Dirichlet, Peter Gustav (1805–1859)
4459:Gesammelte werke von Alexander von Humboldt
3871:was a major inspiration for Poe's project.
3791:Deutsche Schule Lima Alexander von Humboldt
3384:– Bay in Northern California, United States
2657:Other aspects of Humboldt's life and career
2288:Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain
2186:Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain
1740:House where Humboldt and Bonpland lived in
1464:Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain
1414:Essay on the Political Kingdom of New Spain
1347:Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain
895:, which he was to make known to science as
14956:People from the Margraviate of Brandenburg
13657:
13080:
13066:
11988:
11974:
11539:
11525:
10865:
10851:
10683:
10352:
10219:Leibsohn, Dana; Mundy, Barbara E. (2015).
10127:(in German) (47). Berlin: de Gruyter: 281.
10037:
9064:
8847:
8791:
8448:
7597:
7489:
7167:
6758:http://www.uni-potsdam.de/tapoints/?p=1654
6269:Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland,
6178:, Chapter 25. Henry G. Bohn, London, 1853.
5573:
5571:
5569:
5514:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5478:"The Forgotten Father of Environmentalism"
5376:"The Forgotten Father of Environmentalism"
4403:. Paris 1823. English and German editions.
3773:Alexander-von-Humboldt-Gymnasium, Konstanz
3372:Geographical features named after Humboldt
2854:Humboldt in his library in his apartment,
2237:"Atlas zu Alexander von Humboldt's Kosmos"
1957:Memoir of the Life and Public Services of
1843:in 1820; a Foreign Honorary Member of the
1352:
1313:, which had been discovered buried in the
702:, where their luck changed spectacularly.
610:Die Lebenskraft, oder der rhodische Genius
422:, Berlin, where Alexander and his brother
49:
14936:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
13319:
10382:
10303:
10183:
10151:. New York: Oxford University Press 1963.
10122:
10082:
10046:
9716:
9548:
9237:
9167:
9149:
9116:
8767:
8654:
7325:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
6789:
6658:. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn 1997, p. 664.
6308:
6298:
6257:
5965:
5948:
5936:
5567:
5565:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5557:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5431:
5326:
4391:English translation by Sylvie Romanowski:
3723:is named after Alexander and his brother
3122:Learn how and when to remove this message
2256:"The Physical Atlas of Natural Phenomena"
2140:Photograph of Humboldt in his later years
1802:, Hidalgo, Mexico, that Humboldt sketched
1683:, enlightened Bishop-elect of Michoacán,
461:, a naturalist who had been with Captain
311:Humboldt resurrected the use of the word
11047:Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes
10715:Works by or about Alexander von Humboldt
10215:. Guanajuato: Ediciones de la Rana 2003.
9999:
9983:. New York: Harper & Row Publishers.
9923:
9875:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
9800:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
9675:
9575:. New York: Cambridge University Press.
9498:
9478:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
9471:
9444:The aim and progress of physical science
9190:
8975:] (in German). Vol. 2. Berlin:
8899:
8779:
8743:
8308:
8296:
8266:
7941:
7916:
7647:
7621:
7536:
7523:
7511:
7350:
7276:
6991:
6953:
6928:
6903:
6849:
6837:
6748:, 4 December 2013. Accessed 6 April 2021
6709:
6697:
6570:
6456:
6383:
6228:
6115:
6008:
5891:
5874:
5801:
5789:
5777:
5765:
5633:
5607:
5540:
5528:
5218:"Magnetic monitoring of Earth and space"
4663:; J. Oltmanns assisted in preparing the
4531:. Paris 1817. German edition, Türbingen.
3705:
3655:
3638:, Nevada & California, United States
2974:
2922:
2849:
2772:
2665:
2489:were three important European painters.
2459:
2312:
2269:
2219:The other two translations were made by
2198:
2135:
2064:1959 postage stamp from the Soviet Union
2059:
1984:
1899:
1811:
1633:
1583:
1542:
1499:
1356:
1175:
1167:
1153:
1145:
1060:
988:
820:
800:
756:
709:
651:
614:(The Life Force, or the Rhodian Genius).
579:
457:in the fall of 1789. In Mainz, they met
413:
15001:Naturalists from the Kingdom of Prussia
10821:
10601:"The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation"
10322:
9978:
9928:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
9567:
9433:(Dresden Edition), C. P. Farrell (1900)
8964:
8706:
7699:
7450:The Hispanic American Historical Review
7320:"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter H"
7013:The Population History of North America
6670:
6618:
6594:
6545:
6533:
6475:
6340:
6282:
6034:
5924:
5268:
5105:
3882:an Orchestral Suite in five movements.
3487:– in northern California, United States
3424:– Dry lake bed in Nevada, United States
2740:Representation of indigenous population
1874:, named Humboldt a hero of the nation (
1056:
796:
749:proposal. Spanish Foreign Minister Don
32:Alexander von Humboldt (disambiguation)
14:
14773:
11833:Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz
10540:and was released in 2012 based on the
10335:. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag 1980.
10297:Brave Companions: Portraits in History
10154:
10100:
9589:
9416:du Bois-Reymond, Estelle, ed. (1927).
9339:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
9037:
9025:
9004:
8952:
8940:
8911:
8874:
7400:
7174:Brave Companions. Portraits of History
6805:(London, 1814), Vol. 1, pp. 34–35
6215:, 13:12 (December 1879), pp. 754–771,
5577:
5546:
5158:from the original on 27 September 2015
3996:
3630:Alexander von Humboldt National Forest
1660:). American-born Spaniards, so-called
1476:Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
1326:'s work. For American-born Spaniards (
1251:capital of Mexico". He pointed to the
761:Portrait of Alexander von Humboldt by
648:Spanish American expedition, 1799–1804
403:thinkers, including Kantian physician
14457:
14247:
13932:
13656:
13318:
13101:
13061:
11969:
11520:
10846:
10511:
10272:. New York, N.Y: J. & J. Harper.
10091:
10073:
9870:
9837:
9814:
9795:
9735:
9653:
9619:
9475:Political essay on the island of Cuba
9321:from the original on 12 December 2019
9219:from the original on 13 November 2018
9078:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
8862:
8829:from the original on 7 September 2018
8809:
8755:
8731:
8678:
8666:
8642:
8615:
8603:
8558:
8531:
8493:
8409:
8372:
8329:
7965:
7840:from the original on 23 February 2011
7726:
7239:
7201:
7139:
7006:
6713:An illustration of the genus Cinchona
6561:. Guanajuato: Ediciones La Rana 2003.
5837:
5711:
5092:, Springer, 2007; Maurizio Esposito,
4959:
4395:. University of Chicago Press. (2009)
4384:Bonpland; rédigée par Al. de Humboldt
3834:The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
3785:Colegio Alemán Alexander von Humboldt
3685:
3390:– off the west coast of South America
2265:
2004:, contacted Humboldt about whether a
1845:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1504:Humboldt depicted by American artist
1033:area in south Havana, the valleys of
841:, where Humboldt climbed the volcano
809:were in the Amazon rainforest by the
285:laid the foundation for the field of
14846:Foreign members of the Royal Society
14248:
10760:
10428:
10423:
10131:
9889:
8983:from the original on 25 October 2020
8887:
8852:. Berlin: Louis Marcus. p. 681.
8799:. Berlin: Louis Marcus. p. 500.
8686:. New York: Routledge. p. 256.
8630:
8518:Garbooshian, Adrina Michelle. 2006.
8457:
8190:
8165:
8092:
8073:. 1832–1836. London: Henry Colburn.
7953:
7904:
7772:
7687:
7659:
7609:
7585:
7572:
7560:
7548:
7474:
7462:
7362:
6874:
6161:
6148:
6127:
6046:
5862:
5849:
5825:
5813:
5738:
5687:
5672:
5660:
5388:from the original on 14 January 2020
5335:
5215:
5127:from the original on 17 October 2016
4665:Recueil d'observations astronomiques
4284:Sur l'analyse de l'air atmosphérique
3104:adding citations to reliable sources
3075:
2958:
2916:Germany. He lived with the Court at
2819:Humboldt also believed firmly in an
2000:The Russian Foreign Minister, Count
1796:Basaltic Prisms of Santa María Regla
1642:, an example of his detailed drawing
690:Discouraged, the two left Paris for
14991:European University Viadrina alumni
11274:The Naturalist on the River Amazons
10872:
10221:"Making Sense of the Pre-Columbian"
9049:
7067:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
5910:. Prentice Hall, 2003, pp. 300–317.
5908:The Early History of Greater Mexico
5190:. Vol. 324. pp. 596–597.
5176:
5145:
4808:Rengger, Johann Rudolph (1795–1832)
4292:2 vols. Paris, 1831; Tübingen, 1831
4256:
4039:Statue in Budapester Straße, Berlin
3702:Universities, colleges, and schools
3624:Alejandro de Humboldt National Park
3596:, Eureka, California, United States
3042:Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
2347:Mariano Eduardo de Rivero y Ustariz
2309:Influence on scientists and artists
2258:. In Britain its connection to the
1345:, quickly translated to English as
1309:, he included a color image of the
984:
500:school of geology; from anatomy at
24:
12153:
12146:
10403:(1996). "Humboldt and Aztec Art".
10159:(in German). Munich: GRIN Verlag.
9934:
9633:(1). University of Chicago: 1–37.
9431:The Writings of Robert G Ingersoll
9289:from the original on 24 April 2012
8977:Ernst Siegfried Mittler & Sohn
8927:from websites or documents of the
8594:. "Science and Religion as Allies"
8011:. 38, pt. 2 (120 (June)): 179–218.
7761:German Historical Institute London
7019:from the original on 16 April 2016
6419:from the original on 10 April 2019
6060:"Instituto Venezolano del Asfalto"
5197:from the original on 12 April 2019
4407:Essai politique sur l'îsle de Cuba
3848:German hyperinflation of the 1920s
3818:in the Netherlands (hosted by the
3650:, Buffalo, New York, United States
3644:, Buffalo, New York, United States
3620:, Chicago, Illinois, United States
3376:Features named after him include:
2905:, whom he met daily for 15 years.
2662:Humboldt and the Prussian monarchy
2211:As with most of Humboldt's works,
1159:Basalt prisms at Santa María Regla
1051:Essai politique sur l'îsle de Cuba
981:had been misidentified as a lake.
619:In 1792 and 1797, Humboldt was in
25:
15022:
14916:Information visualization experts
14821:Botanists active in South America
10801:. Vol. 24. pp. 145–160.
10670:
10559:
10484:
9863:Alexander von Humboldt chronology
9203:Federal Writers' Project (1941).
8711:. London: Routledge. p. 29.
7491:Engelhardt, Mikhail Alexandrovich
7332:from the original on 19 June 2018
7300:from the original on 29 June 2015
7007:McCaa, Robert (8 December 1997).
6716:. London: Printed for J. Searle.
6097:from the original on 20 June 2020
5301:
5281:from the original on 4 March 2020
5250:from the original on 28 July 2019
4418:Essai politique sur l'île de Cuba
4376:, (1811) biodiversitylibrary.org;
3840:Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
3809:
3754:Universidad Alejandro de Humboldt
3594:Fort Humboldt State Historic Park
3461:Third German Antarctic Expedition
3194:– Neotropical fruit tree or shrub
2686:commissioned his younger brother
2246:planned to publish together with
2196:was his "most influential book".
1853:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
1699:, indigenous peoples, mixed-race
1441:
1207:, a silver-mining town in modern
915:). He proceeded with Bonpland to
706:Spanish royal authorization, 1799
442:, then known for the lectures of
14755:
14754:
14616:
14420:Conquest of the Chibchan Nations
13046:
13035:
13034:
12135:
12126:
12117:
12108:
12099:
12090:
12081:
12074:
11464:
10724:
10707:
9607:
9517:
9499:Humboldt, Alexander von (1860).
9492:
9472:Humboldt, Alexander von (2011).
9465:
9449:
9436:
9424:
9409:
9395:Darwin Correspondence Project "
9389:
9369:
9347:
9301:
9275:
9250:
9240:Annales de Chimie et de Physique
9231:
9196:
9184:
9125:
9092:
9058:
9043:
9010:
8958:
8923: This article incorporates
8918:
8880:
8841:
8819:Studies in the Psychology of Sex
8803:
8785:
8700:
8672:
8597:
8591:Popular Science Monthly Volume 9
8582:
8564:
8537:
8512:
8499:
8487:
8463:
8426:10.1046/j.1468-2303.2003.00261.x
8403:
8277:
8260:
8248:
8235:
8222:
8209:
8196:
8184:
8171:
8136:
8098:
8060:
8037:
8015:
7996:
7959:
7947:
7922:
7877:
7864:
7822:
7801:
7778:
7745:
7720:
7705:
7665:
7640:
7627:
7578:
7529:
7431:
7406:
7381:
7368:
7312:
7282:
7245:
7220:
7207:
7177:. Simon & Schuster. p.
7161:
7117:
7104:
7083:
7070:
7057:
7044:
7031:
7000:
6992:Humboldt, Alexander von (1811).
6985:
6972:
6959:
6934:
6909:
6884:
6868:
6855:
6808:
6795:
6710:Humboldt, Alexander von (1821).
5979:Essay on the Geography of Plants
5906:, Sarah Cline, Javier Pescador,
5418:(9): 1265–1266. 29 August 2019.
5314:from the original on 12 May 2019
4961:[ˌalɛˈksandɐfɔnˈhʊmbɔlt]
4922:
4881:
4837:
4762:
4748:
4734:
4720:
4706:
4655:Nova genera et species plantarum
4393:Essay on the Geography of Plants
4235:
4215:
4199:
4180:
4164:
4148:
4132:
4113:
4098:
4079:
4063:
4045:
4031:
4016:
3636:Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest
3508:
3494:
3356:
3338:
3323:
3080:
3064:1863: Knight Grand Cross of the
3040:1850: Knight Grand Cross of the
3002:Frederick William III of Prussia
2744:Humboldt's publications such as
2640:
2624:
2608:
2592:
2576:
2558:
2541:
2526:
2332:José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia
2262:seems not have been recognized.
2233:"Berghaus' Physikalischer Atlas"
2188:as essential reading, dismisses
1883:Frederick William III of Prussia
1808:Scholarly and public recognition
1787:
1768:
1756:
1733:
1595:By his delineation (in 1817) of
1565:Essay on the Geography of Plants
1517:—such as the conjoining between
1269:José Antonio de Alzate y Ramírez
883:Humboldt visited the mission at
340:Early life, family and education
234:
14816:19th-century German LGBT people
14811:18th-century German LGBT people
14796:18th-century German naturalists
11506:List of natural history dealers
11174:The Natural History of Selborne
10700:Works by Alexander von Humboldt
10691:Works by Alexander von Humboldt
10677:Works by Alexander von Humboldt
10626:"Humboldt Informationen online"
10454:Rooks, Timothy (12 July 2019).
10308:. London: Hurst & Company.
10142:Alejandro de Humboldt en México
9525:International Plant Names Index
9375:Darwin Correspondence Project "
8505:Humboldt, Alexander von. 1860.
8471:Humboldt and the New Infidelity
7970:. Münster: Waxman. p. 30.
7830:"Biodiversity Heritage Library"
7535:Humboldt to Cancrin, quoted in
6996:(in French). F. Schoell, Paris.
6770:
6751:
6728:
6703:
6648:
6636:
6551:
6514:
6497:
6481:
6431:
6401:
6358:
6329:
6300:10.4067/S0718-10432010000200004
6276:
6263:
6217:The University of Chicago Press
6194:
6167:
6154:
6142:
6133:
6079:
6052:
6014:
5993:
5984:
5971:
5954:
5897:
5855:
5613:
5470:
5456:
5400:
5364:
5304:"Introducing Humboldt's Cosmos"
5262:
5209:
4557:, 1826. biodiversitylibrary.org
3861:dedicated his last major work,
3714:
3091:needs additional citations for
3035:Frederick William IV of Prussia
3025:Frederick William IV of Prussia
3008:Frederick William IV of Prussia
2935:In 1908, the sexual researcher
2221:Elizabeth Juliana Leeves Sabine
14981:University of Göttingen alumni
14961:Recipients of the Copley Medal
14891:18th-century German zoologists
14806:19th-century German scientists
14724:Archaeology Museum of Sogamoso
11408:Adaptive Coloration in Animals
10792:"Alexander von Humboldt"
10405:Colonial Latin American Review
10243:. New York: J & J Harper.
10014:10.1080/13260219.1996.10431806
9595:Life of Alexander von Humboldt
9541:
7956:, chapters 17, 19, 21, 22, 23.
5412:Nature Ecology & Evolution
5170:
5139:
5099:
5078:
5049:
5034:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
5021:
4990:
4977:
4830:
4628:
4074:Park, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
3928:Recognitions by contemporaries
3853:
2949:Homosexuality in Men and Women
2418:Karl August Varnhagen von Ense
2301:and a 2014 English edition of
2227:(4 volumes 1846–1858), and by
1822:American Philosophical Society
436:University of Frankfurt (Oder)
434:for six months in 1787 at the
128:University of Frankfurt (Oder)
13:
1:
15011:18th-century German explorers
14856:19th-century German explorers
14395:Pedro Fernández de Valenzuela
10681:Biodiversity Heritage Library
9736:James, Helen Dickson (1913).
9685:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
9626:The Journal of Modern History
9603:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t5m903z33
9206:Origin of Place Names: Nevada
8709:Colonialism and Homosexuality
8509:. Rudd & Carleton. p. 194
8003:Finkelstein, Gabriel (2000).
7376:Humboldt: ciudadano universal
7041:, chapter entitled "Indians".
4970:
4426:Monographie des melastomacées
4091:Humboldt University of Berlin
4009:
3721:Humboldt University of Berlin
3710:Humboldt University of Berlin
3223:Inia geoffrensis humboldtiana
3177:– South American (Andean) oak
2168:The first two volumes of the
2044:Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
1849:American Ethnological Society
1835:(Worcester, MA) in 1816; the
1267:savants in Mexico, including
1142:New Spain (Mexico), 1803–1804
1025:Francisco de Arango y Parreño
668:Louis-Antoine de Bougainville
14121:Diego de Torres y Moyachoque
10585:Resources in other libraries
10442:The New York Review of Books
10256:Novgorodoff, Danica (2022).
10211:Lara Valdés, José Luis, ed.
10155:Kiziak, Frederik L. (2021).
10047:Echenberg, Myron J. (2017).
9871:Walls, Laura Dassow (2009).
9739:Humboldt's Ideal of Humanity
9105:Plant and Fungal Systematics
9016:Handelsblad (Het) 14-08-1850
7673:Dickinson & Howarth 1933
7465:, pp. 171–174, 199–200.
7217:. Paris: F. Schoell, 180–13.
6415:(in Spanish). 3 April 2018.
5086:Romanticism and the Sciences
4280:. Braunschweig: Vieweg 1799.
3485:Humboldt Redwoods State Park
3072:Species named after Humboldt
3016:, Recipient (civil division)
2869:
2845:
2161:for the great fresco of the
1833:American Antiquarian Society
1826:Prussian Academy of Sciences
1211:. In April 1803, he visited
1027:; together they visited the
791:José Antonio Pavón y Jiménez
785:. Humboldt and Bonpland met
661:Seeking a foreign expedition
331:human-induced climate change
7:
14729:Archaeology Museum of Pasca
11164:Bernard Germain de Lacépède
10706:(public domain audiobooks)
10288:. London: Lutterworth 2010.
10208:. New York: Routledge 2012.
10085:Geography and Enlightenment
10040:Cultures of Natural History
9549:Bleichmar, Daniela (2012).
8848:Hirschfeld, Magnus (1914).
8707:Aldrich, Robert F. (2003).
6778:Geography and Enlightenment
5861:Carl Freiesleben quoted in
5094:Romantic Biology, 1890–1945
4699:
3820:Radboud University Nijmegen
3803:Humboldt Senior High School
3694:was named for Alexander by
3588:Humboldt County, California
3524:Places named after Humboldt
2796:philosopher, or perhaps an
2768:
2026:
1841:New York Historical Society
1638:Humboldt's depiction of an
1590:William Channing Woodbridge
1400:, who wished to hear about
1398:Declaration of Independence
1261:Royal Academy of San Carlos
781:'s botanical expedition to
694:, where they hoped to join
634:and published his results,
10:
15027:
14836:Explorers of South America
14734:Metropolitan Museum of Art
14390:Ortún Velázquez de Velasco
14328:Bartolomé Camacho Zambrano
13223:Battle of Chocontá (~1490)
13102:
13087:
11777:Jean-Baptiste Boussingault
11753:August Wilhelm von Hofmann
11186:A History of British Birds
10593:
9721:. New York: Gotham Books.
9717:Helferich, Gerard (2004).
9054:. The Humboldt Foundation.
7717:(Augsburg), 12 April 1849.
6861:Jorge Cañizares-Esguerra,
6293:(in Spanish) (40): 43–62.
6189:Nicolson & Wilson 1995
5754:Nicolson & Wilson 1995
5727:Nicolson & Wilson 1995
5700:Nicolson & Wilson 1995
5649:Nicolson & Wilson 1995
5003:Collins English Dictionary
4803:List of people from Berlin
4388:, biodiversitylibrary.org
4251:
3962:José de la Luz y Caballero
3764:
3760:
3333:, native to Chile and Peru
3185:Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk
2994:
2783:Metropolitan Museum of Art
2519:
2129:
2018:British East India Company
1981:Expedition in Russia, 1829
1569:Ein Naturgemälde der Anden
1454:
1332:Francisco Javier Clavijero
905:Quelle des guten Priesters
564:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
535:Travels and work in Europe
518:Christian Leopold von Buch
367:, who had served with the
29:
14986:University of Jena alumni
14750:
14709:
14666:
14625:
14614:
14468:
14464:
14453:
14435:Battle of Tocarema (1538)
14412:
14385:Miguel Holguín y Figueroa
14310:
14269:
14256:
14243:
14203:
14175:
14142:
14133:
14107:
14063:
14051:
14025:
13996:
13955:
13943:
13939:
13928:
13885:
13862:
13853:
13787:
13749:
13740:
13667:
13663:
13652:
13574:
13506:
13457:
13448:
13427:
13418:Ubaté-Chiquinquirá Valley
13329:
13325:
13314:
13273:
13210:
13112:
13108:
13097:
13032:
13010:
12953:
12935:
12917:
12827:
12809:
12782:
12762:
12691:
12671:
12653:
12409:
12382:
12375:
12348:
12325:
12287:
12257:
12207:
12177:
12164:
12069:
12046:
12010:
12001:
11555:
11501:Natural History Societies
11473:
11462:
11378:
11369:The Royal Natural History
11221:Ornithological Dictionary
11208:
11130:Johan Christian Fabricius
11056:
10962:
10889:
10880:
10580:Resources in your library
10417:10.1080/10609169608569894
10342:. Mexico City: UNAM 1960.
10338:Ortega y Medina, Juan A.
10304:Meinhardt, Maren (2018).
10265:Macgillivray, W. (1833).
10188:. Elsengold Verlag GmbH.
10184:Korneffel, Peter (2017).
9989:Cañizares-Esguerra, Jorge
9979:Botting, Douglas (1973).
9118:10.35535/pfsyst-2020-0030
8057:, biodiversitylibrary.org
8034:, biodiversitylibrary.org
7991:Kutzinski & Ette 2012
7859:Kutzinski & Ette 2012
7819:, biodiversitylibrary.org
7798:, biodiversitylibrary.org
7727:Bowen, Margarita (1981).
7711:Supplement to No. 102 of
6631:Kutzinski & Ette 2012
6607:Kutzinski & Ette 2012
6583:Kutzinski & Ette 2012
6173:Humboldt, Alexander von.
5433:10.1038/s41559-019-0980-5
5152:The Encyclopedia of Earth
5148:"Von Humboldt, Alexander"
5096:, Routledge, 2015, p. 31.
5057:"Humboldt, Alexander von"
4742:History of Science portal
4659:, was mainly compiled by
4650:, biodiversitylibrary.org
4640:, biodiversitylibrary.org
4541:, biodiversitylibrary.org
4421:, biodiversitylibrary.org
3396:– in North West Greenland
3296:Lenisambulatrix humboldti
3218:– a South-American willow
2319:Henry William Pickersgill
2123:
1893:and as the savant of the
1837:Linnean Society of London
1039:Valley of the Sugar Mills
233:
228:
224:
206:
196:
189:
178:
146:
123:
115:
105:
86:
64:
48:
41:
14876:German mountain climbers
14801:19th-century naturalists
14696:University of Pittsburgh
14691:Universidad La Javeriana
14686:Universidad de los Andes
14459:Research and collections
11996:Paleontology in Colombia
11347:The Naturalist's Library
11250:On the Origin of Species
10732:"Alexander von Humboldt"
10651:"Alexander von Humboldt"
9796:Rupke, Nicolaas (2008).
9052:"A name to conjure with"
8965:Lehmann, Gustaf (1913).
7966:Jehle, Hiltgund (1989).
7883:Alexander von Humboldt,
7870:Alexander von Humboldt,
7633:Alexander von Humboldt,
7494:
7213:Alexander von Humboldt,
6965:Alexander von Humboldt,
6890:Alexander von Humboldt,
6801:Alexander von Humboldt,
6503:Alexander von Humboldt,
6413:masdemorelos.masdemx.com
6350:. John Murray. pp.
6271:Plantes équinoxiles, in
6219:; accessed 31 July 2012.
4985:Modern Faith and Thought
4823:
3885:
3828:University of Heidelberg
3681:4877 Humboldt (asteroid)
3434:in Nevada, United States
3410:Humboldt Peak (Colorado)
3274:– Humboldt's hummingbird
3166:Phragmipedium humboldtii
3059:Maximilian II of Bavaria
3031:Order of the Black Eagle
2982:Humboldt Park in Chicago
2910:Francisco José de Caldas
2777:Portrait of Humboldt by
2248:Alexander Keith Johnston
2153:he delivered before the
2118:
1578:Francisco José de Caldas
1338:artistic significance".
1284:University of Guanajuato
899:. He also described the
773:, which held results of
490:Freiberg School of Mines
136:Freiberg School of Mines
14881:German phytogeographers
14343:Hernán Venegas Carrillo
14318:Antonio Díaz de Cardoso
13934:Caciques and neighbours
13218:Battle of Pasca (~1470)
11721:Julius Robert von Mayer
11481:Natural history museums
11083:Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
10798:Popular Science Monthly
10495:Die Vermessung der Welt
10375:10.1111/1365-2745.13109
10278:10.5962/bhl.title.22635
10249:10.5962/bhl.title.33029
9981:Humboldt and the Cosmos
9701:The Making of Geography
8549:. J. Chapman, pp. 24–25
8142:Barlow, Nora ed. 1958.
7834:Biodiversitylibrary.org
7294:Americanantiquarian.org
6824:10.1073/pnas.1904585116
6673:Northeastern Naturalist
6557:José Luis Lara Valdés,
6398:, p. lxviii–lxvix.
6283:Mignone, Pablo (2010).
6213:The American Naturalist
5960:Casimiro Gómez Ortega,
5594:Encyclopædia Britannica
5504:. New York. p. 13.
5464:"The Father of Ecology"
5342:. Penguin. p. 24.
5227:. February (2): 31–37.
5113:The Invention of Nature
5068:Oxford University Press
3972:Claude Louis Berthollet
3943:that Humboldt was the "
3600:Humboldt County, Nevada
3440:– sinkhole in Venezuela
3406:– Nevada, United States
2899:Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
2647:Frederic Edwin Church,
2631:Frederic Edwin Church,
2615:Frederic Edwin Church,
2454:The Loves of the Plants
2451:had published the poem
1951:In 1856, U.S. diplomat
1940:Encyclopædia Britannica
1876:benemérito de la nación
1816:Humboldt in Berlin 1807
1721:Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
1553:The Geography of Plants
1472:Guillaume-Thomas Raynal
1392:, as well as physician
1353:The United States, 1804
1071:Friedrich Georg Weitsch
763:Friedrich Georg Weitsch
751:Mariano Luis de Urquijo
440:University of Göttingen
426:lived for several years
375:with the post of royal
132:University of Göttingen
14976:Scientists from Berlin
14911:Independent scientists
14826:Expeditions from Spain
14781:Alexander von Humboldt
14430:Conquest of the Panche
14413:Neighbouring conquests
13658:Religion and mythology
12737:Montrichardia aquatica
12158:
12151:
11793:James Joseph Sylvester
11609:Michel Eugène Chevreul
11569:Alexander von Humboldt
11333:William Jackson Hooker
11281:Alexander von Humboldt
11198:Philosophie zoologique
10981:Pinax theatri botanici
10571:Alexander von Humboldt
10401:Quiñones Keber, Eloise
10347:Ensayos sobre Humboldt
10323:Miranda, José (1962).
10149:Alexander von Humboldt
9661:. Munich: C. H. Beck.
9659:Alexander von Humboldt
9050:Wasmuth, Christopher.
8925:public domain material
8267:Pfeiffer, Ida (1861).
6767:accessed 1 March 2017.
6656:Encyclopedia of Mexico
4813:Romanticism in science
4312:(2 vols. folio, 1810)
4057:Humboldt Park, Chicago
3954:Johann Wolfgang Goethe
3922:Alexander von Humboldt
3911:Alexander von Humboldt
3892:Alexander von Humboldt
3711:
3612:Humboldt, Saskatchewan
3540:Humboldt, South Dakota
3307:Squamulea humboldtiana
3263:Pteroglossus humboldti
3199:Utricularia humboldtii
3021:Order of the Red Eagle
2928:
2862:
2785:
2675:
2583:Ferdinand Bellermann.
2567:Sugar Plantation near
2565:Ferdinand Bellermann,
2548:Ferdinand Bellermann,
2533:Ferdinand Bellermann,
2497:The Heart of the Andes
2479:Johann Moritz Rugendas
2474:
2470:The Heart of the Andes
2322:
2317:Humboldt, portrait by
2278:
2208:
2141:
2132:Cosmos (Humboldt book)
2107:
2065:
1990:
1905:
1817:
1775:Statue of Humboldt in
1709:Johann Moritz Rugendas
1643:
1592:
1560:
1509:
1362:
1324:Antonio de León y Gama
1273:Antonio de León y Gama
1257:Royal Botanical Garden
1253:Royal College of Mines
1221:City of Eternal Spring
1184:
1173:
1165:
1151:
1074:
1029:
994:
927:, the former tutor of
826:
818:
775:Martín Sessé y Lacasta
771:Natural History Museum
766:
718:
657:
636:
609:
588:
427:
385:Maria Elisabeth Colomb
352:serving as godfather.
219:Abraham Gottlob Werner
43:Alexander von Humboldt
14886:German travel writers
14871:German meteorologists
14292:Gonzalo Suárez Rendón
13320:Geography and history
12483:Galbula hylochoreutes
12157:
12150:
11897:George Gabriel Stokes
11801:Charles Adolphe Wurtz
11737:Hermann von Helmholtz
11705:Henri Victor Regnault
11585:Johannes Peter Müller
11577:Heinrich Wilhelm Dove
11419:The Study of Instinct
11358:Kunstformen der Natur
11262:The Malay Archipelago
11257:Alfred Russel Wallace
11193:Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
10787:Bois-Reymond, Emil du
10767:Zoologische Bijdragen
10761:Raat, A.J.P. (1976).
10740:. 28 September 2006.
10520:portrays Humboldt in
10340:Humboldt desde México
10235:Macgillivray, William
10102:Harvey, Eleanor Jones
10094:Frederic Edwin Church
9860:Schwarz, Ingo (ed.),
9815:Sachs, Aaron (2006).
9212:. W.P.A. p. 11.
8811:Ellis, Havelock Henry
8376:German Studies Review
8217:Frederic Edwin Church
7147:. London: Routledge.
6722:10.5962/bhl.title.715
6447:accessed Dec 28, 2018
6164:, p. 362, n. 62.
5336:Paul, Hawken (2017).
5310:. August 2009: 3–15.
5146:Lee, Jeffrey (2014).
5109:(25 September 2015).
5064:UK English Dictionary
4370:English translation:
4324:English translation:
4315:English translation:
3990:Hermann von Helmholtz
3805:, St. Paul, Minnesota
3787:, Mexico City, Mexico
3756:in Caracas, Venezuela
3709:
3656:Astronomical features
3606:Humboldt County, Iowa
3279:Casignethus humboldti
3271:Hylocharis humboldtii
3247:Bathybembix humboldti
3239:Rhinocoryne humboldti
2975:Honours and namesakes
2926:
2853:
2776:
2684:Friedrich Wilhelm III
2669:
2491:Frederic Edwin Church
2465:Frederic Edwin Church
2463:
2420:have been published.
2411:Hermann Schlagintweit
2316:
2273:
2202:
2139:
2063:
1988:
1903:
1897:and the observatory.
1815:
1637:
1587:
1546:
1506:Charles Willson Peale
1503:
1390:Benjamin Smith Barton
1360:
1322:literary executor of
1296:Andrés Manuel del Río
1179:
1171:
1157:
1149:
1069:volcano, painting by
1064:
992:
919:where he climbed the
897:Steatornis caripensis
891:, where he found the
824:
804:
760:
728:Spanish Enlightenment
713:
655:
583:
417:
409:Carl Ludwig Willdenow
215:Carl Ludwig Willdenow
14831:Explorers of Siberia
14681:Universidad Nacional
14425:Conquest of the Muzo
14333:Gonzalo García Zorro
13886:Mythological figures
13877:Monster of Lake Tota
13613:Muisca Confederation
12793:Pachyrhizodus etayoi
11881:Stanislao Cannizzaro
11849:Joseph Dalton Hooker
11713:James Prescott Joule
11625:Wilhelm Eduard Weber
11338:Joseph Dalton Hooker
11291:The Birds of America
10822:Kellner, L. (1960).
10619:on 25 November 2020.
10505:Carl Friedrich Gauss
9823:. New York: Viking.
8215:Franklin Kelly, ed.
7257:search.amphilsoc.org
7253:"APS Member History"
6917:Cartographic Journal
6200:Brendel, Frederick,
5374:(23 December 2015).
5269:Thomson, A. (2009),
5177:Jackson, Stephen T.
4783:History of geography
4756:Latin America portal
4661:Carl Sigismund Kunth
4106:Bust in Central Park
4025:University of Havana
3980:Emil du Bois-Reymond
3949:Wilhelm von Humboldt
3941:Joseph Dalton Hooker
3864:Eureka: A Prose Poem
3799:, Caracas, Venezuela
3266:– Humboldt's Araçari
3228:Amazon river dolphin
3181:Conepatus humboldtii
3139:Spheniscus humboldti
3100:improve this article
2947:into his 1914 study
2856:Oranienburger Straße
2734:Frederick William IV
2728:Humboldt's brother,
2601:Passage with Indians
2599:Eduard Hildebrandt,
2483:Ferdinand Bellermann
2426:Voyage of the Beagle
2384:as well as brothers
2374:George Perkins Marsh
2330:. The forces of Dr.
2277:as noted by Humboldt
2155:University of Berlin
1959:John Charles Fremont
1748:, just south of the
1725:magnetic declination
1713:Vues des Cordillères
1697:conditions of slaves
1685:Manuel Abad y Queipo
1629:Martin Waldseemüller
1311:Aztec calendar stone
1307:Vues des cordillères
1229:Manuel Abad y Queipo
1172:Aztec calendar stone
1087:José Celestino Mutis
1057:The Andes, 1801–1803
923:with the young poet
797:Venezuela, 1799–1800
739:Malaspina Expedition
325:leading to ideas of
276:Wilhelm von Humboldt
99:German Confederation
30:For other uses, see
14668:Research institutes
14400:Pedro Ruíz Corredor
12462:Dracaena colombiana
12170:stratigraphic units
11953:Marcellin Berthelot
11945:John William Strutt
11929:Albert von Kölliker
11857:Thomas Henry Huxley
11841:Franz Ernst Neumann
11689:Karl Ernst von Baer
11601:Henri Milne-Edwards
11386:Martinus Beijerinck
10929:De Natura Animalium
10645:on 12 January 2013.
10607:on 2 December 2003.
10534:Measuring the World
10500:Measuring the World
10367:2019JEcol.107.1031P
10144:. Mexico City 1997.
10076:Science and Society
9901:. New York: Knopf.
9462:(Fall 1994), 48-58.
9151:10.7717/peerj.14985
8929:Library of Congress
8902:, pp. 368–369.
8865:, pp. 195–197.
8669:, pp. 187–200.
8522:. ProQuest, p. 305.
8474:, article found in
8146:. London: Collins.
8070:Journal and remarks
7944:, pp. 334–336.
7919:, pp. 326–327.
7872:Geography of Plants
7575:, pp. 206–207.
7551:, pp. 201–202.
7514:, pp. 283–285.
7477:, pp. 199–200.
6956:, pp. 177–178.
6940:Magali M. Carrera,
6931:, pp. 375–376.
6700:, pp. 175–176.
6621:, pp. 523–525.
6573:, pp. 51, 156.
6536:, pp. 526–527.
6396:Humboldt chronology
6386:, pp. 149–150.
6290:Estudios Atacameños
6246:Humboldt chronology
6231:, pp. 116–117.
6118:, pp. 232–233.
5741:, pp. 76, 136.
5486:. 23 December 2015.
5466:. 19 February 2020.
5424:2019NatEE...3.1265.
5408:"Humboldt's legacy"
5233:2008PhT....61b..31H
5216:Love, J.J. (2008).
4788:Humboldtian science
4678:author abbreviation
4353:(4 vols. 1814–1834)
4208:Stanford University
4175:in Cologne, Germany
3997:Honorary doctorates
3984:Robert G. Ingersoll
3576:Humboldt, Minnesota
3564:Humboldt, Tennessee
3536:, Chihuahua, Mexico
3432:West Humboldt Range
3207:Geranium humboldtii
2836:religious tolerance
2802:Robert G. Ingersoll
2763:Personal Narratives
2711:Charles X of France
2707:King Louis Philippe
2674:on a private letter
2651:(1862; in eruption)
2366:Henry David Thoreau
2355:Gotthold Eisenstein
2299:Geography of Plants
1864:President of Mexico
1794:Waterfall over the
1677:a new model of rule
1673:those born in Spain
1574:Pedro Cieza de León
1538:Humboldtian science
1457:Humboldtian science
1225:José de Iturrigaray
1107:and their climb of
1079:Cartagena de Indias
787:Hipólito Ruiz López
779:José Mariano Mociño
715:Charles IV of Spain
541:Prussian government
477:, president of the
469:(Brunswick, 1790) (
357:German noble family
263:, and proponent of
169:Humboldtian science
57:Joseph Karl Stieler
14861:German geographers
14380:Martín Yañéz Tafur
14348:Juan de Albarracín
14323:Antonio de Lebrija
14302:Juan de San Martín
14287:Baltasar Maldonado
14277:Gonzalo de Quesada
13774:Goranchacha Temple
13428:Neighbouring areas
12908:Stenorhynchosaurus
12490:Granastrapotherium
12159:
12152:
11697:Charles Wheatstone
11491:Parson-naturalists
11323:Philip Henry Gosse
11286:John James Audubon
11269:Henry Walter Bates
11157:Histoire Naturelle
11145:Historia Plantarum
11033:Avium Praecipuarum
11017:Historia animalium
10918:Historia Plantarum
10906:History of Animals
10512:Portrayals in film
10476:Humboldt en México
10355:Journal of Ecology
10260:. New York: Crown.
10203:Kutzinski, Vera M.
9748:Kutzinski, Vera M.
9402:2012-10-02 at the
9382:2012-10-02 at the
9362:2018-03-10 at the
8815:"Sexual Inversion"
8793:Hirschfeld, Magnus
8680:Pratt, Mary Louise
8413:History and Theory
8331:Pratt, Mary Louise
8287:, cat. 96, p. 141.
8206:VI, vol. 10, 2005.
8177:Sigrid Achenbach.
8153:2008-12-06 at the
8080:2011-11-29 at the
8053:2017-07-27 at the
8030:2017-07-27 at the
8009:History of Science
7815:2017-09-04 at the
7794:2017-09-04 at the
7714:Allgemeine Zeitung
7226:Sigrid Achenbach,
7141:Pratt, Mary Louise
6763:2017-03-02 at the
6740:2020-06-10 at the
6443:2018-12-18 at the
6207:2018-12-15 at the
5804:, pp. 18, 57.
5702:, pp. xvi–xv.
5663:, pp. 13, 17.
5579:Clerke, Agnes Mary
5120:The New York Times
4983:Helmut Thielicke,
4778:History of biology
4171:Humboldt, part of
4004:Universität Dorpat
3968:Napoléon Bonaparte
3958:Friedrich Schiller
3902:Reserve Sonderburg
3876:Josefina Benedetti
3781:, Montreal, Canada
3749:Arcata, California
3712:
3686:Geological objects
3662:Mare Humboldtianum
3552:Humboldt, Illinois
3546:Humboldt, Nebraska
3467:Humboldt Mountains
3457:Humboldt Mountains
3364:Quercus humboldtii
3255:Rhinella humboldti
3215:Salix humboldtiana
3174:Quercus humboldtii
3066:Order of Guadalupe
2929:
2863:
2860:Eduard Hildebrandt
2806:Varnhagen von Ense
2786:
2700:Congress of Verona
2696:congress of Aachen
2676:
2587:(1843). Venezuela.
2514:Ida Laura Pfeiffer
2487:Eduard Hildebrandt
2475:
2439:Personal Narrative
2382:Ida Laura Pfeiffer
2323:
2279:
2266:Other publications
2239:(Stuttgart 1861).
2209:
2175:German Romanticism
2142:
2066:
1991:
1942:, Eleventh Edition
1906:
1895:Institut de France
1868:Guadalupe Victoria
1818:
1644:
1593:
1561:
1510:
1487:physical geography
1438:on 3 August 1804.
1410:Louisiana Purchase
1396:, a signer of the
1363:
1185:
1174:
1166:
1152:
1132:transit of Mercury
1075:
1037:Province, and the
995:
956:Personal Narrative
827:
819:
767:
719:
696:Napoleon Bonaparte
658:
603:, a philosophical
589:
428:
173:Berlin Romanticism
14901:Human geographers
14768:
14767:
14746:
14745:
14742:
14741:
14583:Reichel-Dolmatoff
14449:
14448:
14445:
14444:
14408:
14407:
14282:Hernán de Quesada
14239:
14238:
14235:
14234:
14231:
14230:
14129:
14128:
14047:
14046:
13924:
13923:
13920:
13919:
13916:
13915:
13849:
13848:
13769:Cojines del Zaque
13648:
13647:
13644:
13643:
13640:
13639:
13523:Piedras del Tunjo
13407:Flora & fauna
13310:
13309:
13306:
13305:
13055:
13054:
13028:
13027:
12644:Xenastrapotherium
12623:Saimiri annectens
12476:Eunectes stirtoni
12427:Aramus paludigrus
12371:
12370:
12067:
12066:
11963:
11962:
11769:James Dwight Dana
11548:Copley Medallists
11514:
11513:
11460:
11459:
11078:Marcello Malpighi
10972:Ulisse Aldrovandi
10952:De Materia Medica
10789:(December 1883).
10695:Project Gutenberg
10566:Library resources
10325:Humboldt y México
10315:978-1-84904-890-3
10292:McCullough, David
10284:McCrory, Donald.
10195:978-3-944594-77-4
10166:978-3-346-69180-4
10140:Holl, Frank, ed.
10115:978-0-691-20080-4
10104:(14 April 2020).
10058:978-0-7735-4940-1
9908:978-1-84854-898-5
9882:978-0-226-87182-0
9852:978-0-19-921519-5
9807:978-0-226-73149-0
9788:978-0-14-044553-4
9765:978-0-226-86506-5
9728:978-1-59240-052-2
9668:978-3-406-73436-6
9560:978-0-226-05853-5
8561:, pp. 56–58.
8346:978-0-203-93293-3
8285:Kunst um Humboldt
7763:, 1 October 1983.
7738:978-0-521-10559-0
7438:Adolf Meyer-Abich
7374:Jaime Labastida.
7169:McCullough, David
6980:Mapping New Spain
6919:4 (1967) 119–123.
6633:, p. xxxiii.
6191:, p. lxviii.
6049:, pp. 56–59.
6011:, pp. 91–92.
5968:, pp. 26–27.
5792:, pp. 54–55.
5714:, pp. 17–20.
5241:10.1063/1.2883907
5115:, by Andrea Wulf"
5037:. Merriam-Webster
4873:
4798:List of explorers
4342:978-0-226-86506-5
4330:Vera M. Kutzinski
3696:Mariano de Rivero
3582:Humboldt, Arizona
3534:Hacienda Humboldt
3315:E. (S.) humboldti
3191:Annona humboldtii
3161:– Humboldt's lily
3158:Lilium humboldtii
3132:
3131:
3124:
2959:Illness and death
2945:Magnus Hirschfeld
2390:Robert Schomburgk
2244:Heinrich Berghaus
2002:Georg von Cancrin
1946:transits of Venus
1932:British dominions
1924:Earth's magnetism
1681:classical liberal
1515:physical sciences
1480:William Robertson
1233:classical liberal
979:Rupununi savannah
964:Aspects of Nature
887:and explored the
593:Weimar Classicism
549:Fichtel Mountains
393:Gendarme regiment
369:Duke of Brunswick
350:Duke of Brunswick
242:
241:
207:Academic advisors
191:Scientific career
97:Berlin, Prussia,
80:Holy Roman Empire
68:14 September 1769
16:(Redirected from
15018:
14866:German Lutherans
14758:
14757:
14659:
14649:
14639:
14620:
14466:
14465:
14455:
14454:
14365:
14297:Juan de Céspedes
14267:
14266:
14258:
14257:
14250:Spanish conquest
14245:
14244:
14205:Cariban-speaking
14144:Chibcha-speaking
14140:
14139:
14061:
14060:
13965:
13953:
13952:
13941:
13940:
13930:
13929:
13860:
13859:
13841:Tequendama Falls
13836:
13804:
13747:
13746:
13665:
13664:
13654:
13653:
13633:
13621:
13609:
13597:
13582:
13549:
13542:
13535:
13516:
13513:10,000 - 2800 BP
13493:
13476:
13467:
13455:
13454:
13419:
13390:
13327:
13326:
13316:
13315:
13187:
13110:
13109:
13099:
13098:
13091:
13082:
13075:
13068:
13059:
13058:
13050:
13038:
13037:
12380:
12379:
12175:
12174:
12139:
12130:
12121:
12112:
12103:
12094:
12085:
12078:
12008:
12007:
11990:
11983:
11976:
11967:
11966:
11956:
11948:
11940:
11932:
11924:
11916:
11913:Karl Weierstrass
11908:
11905:Edward Frankland
11900:
11892:
11884:
11876:
11868:
11860:
11852:
11844:
11836:
11828:
11820:
11812:
11804:
11796:
11788:
11780:
11772:
11764:
11756:
11748:
11740:
11732:
11729:Friedrich Wöhler
11724:
11716:
11708:
11700:
11692:
11684:
11676:
11668:
11660:
11652:
11644:
11636:
11628:
11620:
11612:
11604:
11596:
11588:
11580:
11572:
11564:
11541:
11534:
11527:
11518:
11517:
11468:
11441:The Dancing Bees
11365:Richard Lydekker
11313:Jean-Henri Fabre
11298:William Buckland
11103:Regnier de Graaf
10997:Andrea Cesalpino
10887:
10886:
10867:
10860:
10853:
10844:
10843:
10839:
10818:
10810:
10802:
10794:
10782:
10757:
10745:
10719:Internet Archive
10711:
10710:
10687:
10666:
10658:
10646:
10641:. Archived from
10633:
10620:
10615:. Archived from
10608:
10603:. Archived from
10479:
10470:
10468:
10466:
10450:
10420:
10396:
10386:
10361:(3): 1031–1037.
10331:Nelken, Halina.
10328:
10319:
10281:
10261:
10252:
10230:
10199:
10170:
10147:Kellner, Lotte.
10137:
10128:
10119:
10097:
10088:
10079:
10070:
10043:
10034:
10025:
9996:
9984:
9975:
9929:
9920:
9900:
9886:
9867:
9856:
9834:
9822:
9811:
9792:
9780:
9769:
9743:
9732:
9713:
9694:
9677:de Terra, Helmut
9672:
9655:Daum, Andreas W.
9650:
9621:Daum, Andreas W.
9611:
9610:
9606:
9586:
9564:
9535:
9534:
9521:
9515:
9514:
9512:
9510:
9496:
9490:
9489:
9469:
9463:
9453:
9447:
9440:
9434:
9428:
9422:
9421:
9413:
9407:
9393:
9387:
9373:
9367:
9351:
9345:
9344:
9338:
9330:
9328:
9326:
9320:
9313:
9305:
9299:
9298:
9296:
9294:
9285:. Hu-berlin.de.
9279:
9273:
9272:
9270:
9268:
9254:
9248:
9247:
9235:
9229:
9228:
9226:
9224:
9218:
9211:
9200:
9194:
9188:
9182:
9181:
9171:
9153:
9129:
9123:
9122:
9120:
9096:
9090:
9089:
9087:
9085:
9062:
9056:
9055:
9047:
9041:
9035:
9029:
9023:
9017:
9014:
9008:
9002:
8993:
8992:
8990:
8988:
8962:
8956:
8950:
8944:
8938:
8932:
8922:
8921:
8909:
8903:
8897:
8891:
8884:
8878:
8872:
8866:
8860:
8854:
8853:
8845:
8839:
8838:
8836:
8834:
8807:
8801:
8800:
8789:
8783:
8777:
8771:
8765:
8759:
8753:
8747:
8741:
8735:
8729:
8723:
8722:
8704:
8698:
8697:
8676:
8670:
8664:
8658:
8652:
8646:
8640:
8634:
8628:
8619:
8613:
8607:
8606:, "Notes", p. 29
8601:
8595:
8586:
8580:
8568:
8562:
8556:
8550:
8541:
8535:
8529:
8523:
8516:
8510:
8503:
8497:
8491:
8485:
8467:
8461:
8455:
8446:
8445:
8407:
8401:
8400:
8370:
8359:
8358:
8327:
8312:
8306:
8300:
8294:
8288:
8281:
8275:
8274:
8264:
8258:
8252:
8246:
8239:
8233:
8228:Kevin J. Avery,
8226:
8220:
8213:
8207:
8200:
8194:
8188:
8182:
8175:
8169:
8163:
8157:
8140:
8134:
8133:
8131:
8129:
8102:
8096:
8090:
8084:
8064:
8058:
8041:
8035:
8019:
8013:
8012:
8000:
7994:
7988:
7982:
7981:
7963:
7957:
7951:
7945:
7939:
7933:
7926:
7920:
7914:
7908:
7902:
7896:
7881:
7875:
7868:
7862:
7856:
7850:
7849:
7847:
7845:
7826:
7820:
7805:
7799:
7789:(vols 2 & 3)
7782:
7776:
7770:
7764:
7749:
7743:
7742:
7724:
7718:
7709:
7703:
7697:
7691:
7685:
7676:
7669:
7663:
7657:
7651:
7644:
7638:
7631:
7625:
7619:
7613:
7607:
7601:
7595:
7589:
7582:
7576:
7570:
7564:
7558:
7552:
7546:
7540:
7533:
7527:
7521:
7515:
7509:
7503:
7502:
7487:
7478:
7472:
7466:
7460:
7454:
7446:
7435:
7429:
7426:
7417:
7410:
7404:
7398:
7392:
7385:
7379:
7372:
7366:
7360:
7354:
7348:
7342:
7341:
7339:
7337:
7331:
7324:
7316:
7310:
7309:
7307:
7305:
7286:
7280:
7274:
7268:
7267:
7265:
7263:
7249:
7243:
7237:
7231:
7224:
7218:
7211:
7205:
7199:
7193:
7192:
7165:
7159:
7158:
7137:
7128:
7121:
7115:
7108:
7102:
7099:
7090:
7087:
7081:
7074:
7068:
7061:
7055:
7048:
7042:
7035:
7029:
7028:
7026:
7024:
7004:
6998:
6997:
6989:
6983:
6976:
6970:
6969:. Paris, 1836–39
6963:
6957:
6951:
6945:
6938:
6932:
6926:
6920:
6913:
6907:
6901:
6895:
6888:
6882:
6872:
6866:
6859:
6853:
6847:
6841:
6835:
6826:
6812:
6806:
6799:
6793:
6787:
6781:
6774:
6768:
6755:
6749:
6732:
6726:
6725:
6707:
6701:
6695:
6689:
6688:
6668:
6659:
6652:
6646:
6640:
6634:
6628:
6622:
6616:
6610:
6604:
6598:
6592:
6586:
6580:
6574:
6568:
6562:
6555:
6549:
6543:
6537:
6531:
6525:
6518:
6512:
6501:
6495:
6485:
6479:
6473:
6460:
6454:
6448:
6435:
6429:
6428:
6426:
6424:
6405:
6399:
6393:
6387:
6381:
6375:
6374:
6362:
6356:
6355:
6333:
6327:
6326:
6312:
6302:
6280:
6274:
6267:
6261:
6255:
6249:
6243:
6232:
6226:
6220:
6198:
6192:
6186:
6180:
6171:
6165:
6158:
6152:
6146:
6140:
6137:
6131:
6125:
6119:
6113:
6107:
6106:
6104:
6102:
6083:
6077:
6075:
6073:
6071:
6066:on 10 March 2012
6062:. Archived from
6056:
6050:
6044:
6038:
6032:
6026:
6018:
6012:
6006:
6000:
5997:
5991:
5988:
5982:
5975:
5969:
5958:
5952:
5946:
5940:
5934:
5928:
5922:
5911:
5901:
5895:
5889:
5878:
5872:
5866:
5859:
5853:
5847:
5841:
5835:
5829:
5823:
5817:
5811:
5805:
5799:
5793:
5787:
5781:
5775:
5769:
5763:
5757:
5756:, p. lxvii.
5751:
5742:
5736:
5730:
5724:
5715:
5709:
5703:
5697:
5691:
5685:
5676:
5670:
5664:
5658:
5652:
5646:
5637:
5631:
5625:
5624:
5617:
5611:
5605:
5599:
5598:
5586:
5575:
5544:
5538:
5532:
5526:
5520:
5519:
5513:
5505:
5497:
5488:
5487:
5474:
5468:
5467:
5460:
5454:
5453:
5435:
5404:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5393:
5368:
5362:
5361:
5333:
5324:
5323:
5321:
5319:
5299:
5290:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5266:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5255:
5249:
5222:
5213:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5202:
5196:
5183:
5174:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5163:
5143:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5132:
5103:
5097:
5082:
5076:
5075:
5070:. Archived from
5053:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5042:
5025:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5014:
4994:
4988:
4981:
4964:
4963:
4958:
4954:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4937:
4934:
4931:
4928:
4921:
4913:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4905:
4902:
4899:
4896:
4893:
4890:
4887:
4880:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4861:
4858:
4855:
4852:
4849:
4846:
4843:
4834:
4772:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4758:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4744:
4739:
4738:
4737:
4730:
4728:Geography portal
4725:
4724:
4723:
4716:
4714:Biography portal
4711:
4710:
4709:
4696:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4539:(vols 2 & 3)
4257:Scientific works
4239:
4219:
4203:
4189:Tower Grove Park
4184:
4168:
4159:State. Venezuela
4152:
4143:, Quito, Ecuador
4136:
4117:
4102:
4083:
4067:
4049:
4035:
4020:
3976:Thomas Jefferson
3918:Jan De Nul Group
3826:lectures at the
3797:Colegio Humboldt
3648:Humboldt Parkway
3570:Humboldt, Kansas
3512:
3502:Humboldt Current
3498:
3473:Humboldt Channel
3394:Humboldt Glacier
3388:Humboldt Current
3360:
3350:Humboldt Current
3342:
3331:Humboldt penguin
3327:
3287:Elzunia humboldt
3143:Humboldt penguin
3127:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3107:
3084:
3076:
2834:Humboldt showed
2715:house of Orléans
2680:Treaty of Tilsit
2644:
2628:
2612:
2596:
2580:
2562:
2545:
2535:Rooster Salesman
2530:
2443:
2399:
2395:
2252:"Physical Atlas"
2110:
2032:Saint Petersburg
2029:
1800:Huasca de Ocampo
1791:
1772:
1760:
1737:
1367:Thomas Jefferson
1032:
985:Cuba, 1800, 1804
940:Casiquiare canal
871:
811:Casiquiare River
680:circumnavigation
640:(Berlin, 1797) (
639:
612:
530:
522:Carl Freiesleben
496:, leader of the
448:J. F. Blumenbach
373:Seven Years' War
327:environmentalism
238:
161:Humboldt Current
93:
53:
39:
38:
21:
15026:
15025:
15021:
15020:
15019:
15017:
15016:
15015:
14951:Muisca scholars
14906:Humboldt family
14771:
14770:
14769:
14764:
14738:
14705:
14662:
14657:
14647:
14637:
14621:
14612:
14460:
14441:
14404:
14363:
14306:
14252:
14227:
14199:
14177:Arawak-speaking
14171:
14125:
14103:
14043:
14021:
13992:
13983:Quemuenchatocha
13963:
13935:
13912:
13881:
13845:
13834:
13802:
13783:
13736:
13659:
13636:
13627:
13615:
13603:
13591:
13576:
13570:
13547:
13540:
13533:
13510:
13502:
13491:
13474:
13461:
13444:
13423:
13417:
13388:
13332:
13321:
13302:
13275:The Salt People
13269:
13206:
13185:
13104:
13093:
13089:
13086:
13056:
13051:
13024:
13006:
12949:
12931:
12927:Dinosaur tracks
12913:
12845:Callawayasaurus
12823:
12805:
12778:
12758:
12730:Cerrejonisuchus
12702:Acherontisuchus
12687:
12667:
12649:
12630:Saimiri fieldsi
12405:
12376:Notable fossils
12367:
12344:
12321:
12297:La Frontera Fm.
12283:
12253:
12222:Castilletes Fm.
12203:
12169:
12167:
12160:
12145:
12144:
12143:
12142:
12141:
12140:
12132:
12131:
12123:
12122:
12114:
12113:
12105:
12104:
12096:
12095:
12087:
12086:
12063:
12042:
12003:
11997:
11994:
11964:
11959:
11951:
11943:
11937:William Huggins
11935:
11927:
11919:
11911:
11903:
11895:
11887:
11879:
11871:
11863:
11855:
11847:
11839:
11831:
11823:
11817:William Thomson
11815:
11807:
11799:
11791:
11785:Rudolf Clausius
11783:
11775:
11767:
11759:
11751:
11743:
11735:
11727:
11719:
11711:
11703:
11695:
11687:
11679:
11671:
11663:
11655:
11647:
11639:
11631:
11623:
11615:
11607:
11599:
11591:
11583:
11575:
11567:
11559:
11551:
11545:
11515:
11510:
11469:
11456:
11437:Karl von Frisch
11374:
11343:William Jardine
11233:Le Règne Animal
11204:
11152:Comte de Buffon
11113:Systema Naturae
11052:
11024:Frederik Ruysch
11002:Valerius Cordus
10992:Hieronymus Bock
10958:
10940:Natural History
10935:Pliny the Elder
10892:
10882:
10876:
10874:Natural history
10871:
10830:(95): 252–256.
10805:
10785:
10748:
10730:
10727:
10708:
10673:
10661:
10649:
10637:
10624:
10611:
10599:
10596:
10591:
10590:
10589:
10574:
10573:
10569:
10562:
10546:Daniel Kehlmann
10542:eponymous novel
10514:
10491:Daniel Kehlmann
10487:
10482:
10464:
10462:
10453:
10425:Rich, Nathaniel
10316:
10196:
10167:
10116:
10059:
9937:
9935:Further reading
9932:
9909:
9883:
9853:
9831:
9808:
9789:
9766:
9729:
9669:
9608:
9583:
9561:
9544:
9539:
9538:
9522:
9518:
9508:
9506:
9497:
9493:
9486:
9470:
9466:
9456:Andreas W. Daum
9454:
9450:
9441:
9437:
9429:
9425:
9414:
9410:
9404:Wayback Machine
9394:
9390:
9384:Wayback Machine
9374:
9370:
9364:Wayback Machine
9352:
9348:
9332:
9331:
9324:
9322:
9318:
9311:
9309:"Archived copy"
9307:
9306:
9302:
9292:
9290:
9281:
9280:
9276:
9266:
9264:
9256:
9255:
9251:
9236:
9232:
9222:
9220:
9216:
9209:
9201:
9197:
9189:
9185:
9130:
9126:
9097:
9093:
9083:
9081:
9063:
9059:
9048:
9044:
9036:
9032:
9024:
9020:
9015:
9011:
9003:
8996:
8986:
8984:
8979:. p. 577.
8963:
8959:
8951:
8947:
8939:
8935:
8919:
8910:
8906:
8898:
8894:
8885:
8881:
8873:
8869:
8861:
8857:
8846:
8842:
8832:
8830:
8808:
8804:
8790:
8786:
8778:
8774:
8766:
8762:
8754:
8750:
8742:
8738:
8730:
8726:
8719:
8705:
8701:
8694:
8677:
8673:
8665:
8661:
8653:
8649:
8641:
8637:
8629:
8622:
8614:
8610:
8602:
8598:
8587:
8583:
8569:
8565:
8557:
8553:
8542:
8538:
8530:
8526:
8517:
8513:
8504:
8500:
8492:
8488:
8468:
8464:
8456:
8449:
8408:
8404:
8371:
8362:
8347:
8328:
8315:
8307:
8303:
8295:
8291:
8282:
8278:
8265:
8261:
8253:
8249:
8241:George Catlin,
8240:
8236:
8227:
8223:
8214:
8210:
8201:
8197:
8189:
8185:
8176:
8172:
8164:
8160:
8155:Wayback Machine
8141:
8137:
8127:
8125:
8103:
8099:
8091:
8087:
8082:Wayback Machine
8065:
8061:
8055:Wayback Machine
8042:
8038:
8032:Wayback Machine
8020:
8016:
8001:
7997:
7993:, p. xxiv.
7989:
7985:
7978:
7964:
7960:
7952:
7948:
7940:
7936:
7928:Louis Agassiz,
7927:
7923:
7915:
7911:
7903:
7899:
7893:978-022-6923185
7885:Views of Nature
7882:
7878:
7869:
7865:
7857:
7853:
7843:
7841:
7828:
7827:
7823:
7817:Wayback Machine
7806:
7802:
7796:Wayback Machine
7783:
7779:
7771:
7767:
7750:
7746:
7739:
7725:
7721:
7710:
7706:
7698:
7694:
7686:
7679:
7670:
7666:
7658:
7654:
7645:
7641:
7637:. 3 vols. 1843.
7632:
7628:
7620:
7616:
7608:
7604:
7598:Engelhardt 1900
7596:
7592:
7583:
7579:
7571:
7567:
7559:
7555:
7547:
7543:
7534:
7530:
7522:
7518:
7510:
7506:
7496:
7488:
7481:
7473:
7469:
7461:
7457:
7440:
7436:
7432:
7427:
7420:
7412:Bigelow, John.
7411:
7407:
7399:
7395:
7386:
7382:
7373:
7369:
7361:
7357:
7349:
7345:
7335:
7333:
7329:
7322:
7318:
7317:
7313:
7303:
7301:
7288:
7287:
7283:
7275:
7271:
7261:
7259:
7251:
7250:
7246:
7238:
7234:
7225:
7221:
7212:
7208:
7200:
7196:
7189:
7166:
7162:
7155:
7138:
7131:
7122:
7118:
7112:Political essay
7109:
7105:
7100:
7093:
7088:
7084:
7078:Political essay
7075:
7071:
7062:
7058:
7052:Political essay
7049:
7045:
7036:
7032:
7022:
7020:
7005:
7001:
6990:
6986:
6977:
6973:
6964:
6960:
6952:
6948:
6939:
6935:
6927:
6923:
6914:
6910:
6902:
6898:
6889:
6885:
6873:
6869:
6860:
6856:
6848:
6844:
6836:
6829:
6813:
6809:
6800:
6796:
6788:
6784:
6775:
6771:
6765:Wayback Machine
6756:
6752:
6742:Wayback Machine
6733:
6729:
6708:
6704:
6696:
6692:
6669:
6662:
6653:
6649:
6641:
6637:
6629:
6625:
6617:
6613:
6605:
6601:
6593:
6589:
6581:
6577:
6569:
6565:
6556:
6552:
6544:
6540:
6532:
6528:
6522:Political essay
6519:
6515:
6502:
6498:
6486:
6482:
6474:
6463:
6455:
6451:
6445:Wayback Machine
6436:
6432:
6422:
6420:
6407:
6406:
6402:
6394:
6390:
6382:
6378:
6363:
6359:
6342:Whymper, Edward
6334:
6330:
6281:
6277:
6268:
6264:
6256:
6252:
6248:, p. lxix.
6244:
6235:
6227:
6223:
6209:Wayback Machine
6199:
6195:
6187:
6183:
6172:
6168:
6159:
6155:
6147:
6143:
6138:
6134:
6126:
6122:
6114:
6110:
6100:
6098:
6085:
6084:
6080:
6069:
6067:
6058:
6057:
6053:
6045:
6041:
6033:
6029:
6023:Marguerite ....
6019:
6015:
6007:
6003:
5998:
5994:
5989:
5985:
5976:
5972:
5959:
5955:
5947:
5943:
5935:
5931:
5923:
5914:
5902:
5898:
5890:
5881:
5873:
5869:
5860:
5856:
5848:
5844:
5836:
5832:
5824:
5820:
5812:
5808:
5800:
5796:
5788:
5784:
5776:
5772:
5764:
5760:
5752:
5745:
5737:
5733:
5725:
5718:
5710:
5706:
5698:
5694:
5686:
5679:
5671:
5667:
5659:
5655:
5647:
5640:
5636:, pp. 6–7.
5632:
5628:
5619:
5618:
5614:
5606:
5602:
5576:
5547:
5543:, pp. 4–5.
5539:
5535:
5527:
5523:
5507:
5506:
5498:
5491:
5476:
5475:
5471:
5462:
5461:
5457:
5406:
5405:
5401:
5391:
5389:
5370:
5369:
5365:
5350:
5334:
5327:
5317:
5315:
5300:
5293:
5284:
5282:
5267:
5263:
5253:
5251:
5247:
5220:
5214:
5210:
5200:
5198:
5194:
5181:
5175:
5171:
5161:
5159:
5144:
5140:
5130:
5128:
5104:
5100:
5083:
5079:
5074:on 12 May 2021.
5055:
5054:
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5038:
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5022:
5012:
5010:
4996:
4995:
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4982:
4978:
4973:
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4735:
4733:
4726:
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4712:
4707:
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4697:
4682:
4681:
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4259:
4254:
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4240:
4231:
4220:
4211:
4204:
4195:
4185:
4176:
4169:
4160:
4153:
4144:
4141:Parque El Ejido
4137:
4128:
4125:Alameda Central
4118:
4109:
4103:
4094:
4084:
4075:
4068:
4059:
4050:
4041:
4036:
4027:
4021:
4012:
3999:
3930:
3888:
3859:Edgar Allan Poe
3856:
3836:
3816:Human geography
3812:
3769:
3763:
3717:
3704:
3688:
3658:
3653:
3608:, United States
3602:, United States
3590:, United States
3584:, United States
3578:, United States
3572:, United States
3566:, United States
3560:, United States
3554:, United States
3548:, United States
3542:, United States
3526:
3519:
3513:
3504:
3499:
3490:
3374:
3367:
3366:, an Andean oak
3361:
3352:
3343:
3334:
3328:
3258:– Rivero's toad
3202:– a bladderwort
3148:Dosidicus gigas
3128:
3117:
3111:
3108:
3097:
3085:
3074:
2997:
2977:
2961:
2895:Carlos Montúfar
2872:
2848:
2779:Julius Schrader
2771:
2742:
2723:François Guizot
2664:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2636:
2629:
2620:
2613:
2604:
2597:
2588:
2581:
2572:
2563:
2554:
2546:
2537:
2531:
2522:
2441:
2397:
2393:
2311:
2303:Views of Nature
2275:Muisca numerals
2268:
2134:
2128:
2121:
1983:
1920:magnetic storms
1810:
1803:
1792:
1783:
1773:
1764:
1761:
1752:
1746:historic centre
1738:
1491:plant geography
1459:
1453:
1444:
1425:Albert Gallatin
1355:
1288:Political Essay
1245:Political Essay
1144:
1094:Cordillera Real
1083:Magdalena River
1059:
999:plant collector
987:
960:Views of Nature
889:Guácharo cavern
869:
861:diversion, the
799:
724:Bourbon Reforms
708:
663:
650:
537:
524:
342:
267:philosophy and
134:
130:
124:Alma mater
101:
95:
91:
82:
69:
60:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
15024:
15014:
15013:
15008:
15006:LGBT Lutherans
15003:
14998:
14993:
14988:
14983:
14978:
14973:
14968:
14963:
14958:
14953:
14948:
14943:
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14913:
14908:
14903:
14898:
14893:
14888:
14883:
14878:
14873:
14868:
14863:
14858:
14853:
14851:Gay scientists
14848:
14843:
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14823:
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14813:
14808:
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14600:
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14590:
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14565:
14560:
14555:
14550:
14545:
14540:
14535:
14530:
14525:
14520:
14515:
14510:
14505:
14503:De Castellanos
14500:
14495:
14490:
14485:
14480:
14474:
14472:
14462:
14461:
14451:
14450:
14447:
14446:
14443:
14442:
14440:
14439:
14438:
14437:
14427:
14422:
14416:
14414:
14410:
14409:
14406:
14405:
14403:
14402:
14397:
14392:
14387:
14382:
14377:
14375:Martín Galeano
14372:
14367:
14360:
14355:
14353:Juan del Junco
14350:
14345:
14340:
14338:Gonzalo Macías
14335:
14330:
14325:
14320:
14314:
14312:
14308:
14307:
14305:
14304:
14299:
14294:
14289:
14284:
14279:
14273:
14271:
14264:
14254:
14253:
14241:
14240:
14237:
14236:
14233:
14232:
14229:
14228:
14226:
14225:
14220:
14215:
14209:
14207:
14201:
14200:
14198:
14197:
14192:
14187:
14181:
14179:
14173:
14172:
14170:
14169:
14164:
14159:
14154:
14148:
14146:
14137:
14131:
14130:
14127:
14126:
14124:
14123:
14117:
14115:
14105:
14104:
14102:
14101:
14096:
14091:
14086:
14081:
14075:
14073:
14058:
14049:
14048:
14045:
14044:
14042:
14041:
14035:
14033:
14023:
14022:
14020:
14019:
14014:
14008:
14006:
13994:
13993:
13991:
13990:
13985:
13980:
13975:
13969:
13967:
13950:
13937:
13936:
13926:
13925:
13922:
13921:
13918:
13917:
13914:
13913:
13911:
13910:
13905:
13900:
13895:
13889:
13887:
13883:
13882:
13880:
13879:
13874:
13866:
13864:
13857:
13851:
13850:
13847:
13846:
13844:
13843:
13838:
13831:
13826:
13821:
13816:
13811:
13806:
13799:
13793:
13791:
13785:
13784:
13782:
13781:
13776:
13771:
13766:
13761:
13755:
13753:
13744:
13738:
13737:
13735:
13734:
13729:
13724:
13719:
13714:
13709:
13704:
13699:
13694:
13689:
13684:
13679:
13673:
13671:
13661:
13660:
13650:
13649:
13646:
13645:
13642:
13641:
13638:
13637:
13635:
13634:
13622:
13610:
13598:
13585:
13583:
13572:
13571:
13569:
13568:
13561:
13556:
13551:
13544:
13537:
13530:
13525:
13519:
13517:
13504:
13503:
13501:
13500:
13495:
13488:
13483:
13478:
13470:
13468:
13452:
13446:
13445:
13443:
13442:
13437:
13431:
13429:
13425:
13424:
13422:
13421:
13414:
13409:
13404:
13399:
13398:
13397:
13392:
13383:Bogotá savanna
13380:
13379:
13378:
13373:
13368:
13363:
13358:
13353:
13348:
13337:
13335:
13333:Cundiboyacense
13323:
13322:
13312:
13311:
13308:
13307:
13304:
13303:
13301:
13300:
13295:
13290:
13285:
13279:
13277:
13271:
13270:
13268:
13267:
13262:
13255:
13250:
13245:
13240:
13235:
13230:
13225:
13220:
13214:
13212:
13208:
13207:
13205:
13204:
13199:
13194:
13189:
13182:
13177:
13172:
13167:
13162:
13157:
13152:
13147:
13142:
13137:
13132:
13127:
13122:
13116:
13114:
13106:
13105:
13095:
13094:
13085:
13084:
13077:
13070:
13062:
13053:
13052:
13033:
13030:
13029:
13026:
13025:
13023:
13022:
13016:
13014:
13008:
13007:
13005:
13004:
12997:
12990:
12983:
12974:
12967:
12959:
12957:
12951:
12950:
12948:
12947:
12941:
12939:
12937:Valle Alto Fm.
12933:
12932:
12930:
12929:
12923:
12921:
12915:
12914:
12912:
12911:
12904:
12897:
12894:Platypterygius
12890:
12883:
12876:
12869:
12862:
12855:
12848:
12841:
12833:
12831:
12825:
12824:
12822:
12821:
12815:
12813:
12807:
12806:
12804:
12803:
12796:
12788:
12786:
12780:
12779:
12777:
12776:
12768:
12766:
12760:
12759:
12757:
12756:
12747:
12740:
12733:
12726:
12719:
12712:
12709:Anthracosuchus
12705:
12697:
12695:
12689:
12688:
12686:
12685:
12677:
12675:
12669:
12668:
12666:
12665:
12662:Colombitherium
12657:
12655:
12651:
12650:
12648:
12647:
12640:
12633:
12626:
12619:
12612:
12605:
12598:
12591:
12584:
12577:
12570:
12563:
12556:
12549:
12542:
12535:
12528:
12521:
12514:
12507:
12504:Hilarcotherium
12500:
12493:
12486:
12479:
12472:
12465:
12458:
12451:
12444:
12437:
12430:
12423:
12415:
12413:
12407:
12406:
12404:
12403:
12396:
12388:
12386:
12377:
12373:
12372:
12369:
12368:
12366:
12365:
12360:
12354:
12352:
12346:
12345:
12343:
12342:
12340:Valle Alto Fm.
12337:
12331:
12329:
12323:
12322:
12320:
12319:
12314:
12309:
12304:
12299:
12293:
12291:
12285:
12284:
12282:
12281:
12280:
12279:
12269:
12263:
12261:
12255:
12254:
12252:
12251:
12246:
12241:
12236:
12235:
12234:
12224:
12219:
12213:
12211:
12205:
12204:
12202:
12201:
12196:
12195:
12194:
12183:
12181:
12172:
12162:
12161:
12134:
12133:
12125:
12124:
12116:
12115:
12107:
12106:
12098:
12097:
12089:
12088:
12080:
12079:
12073:
12072:
12071:
12070:
12068:
12065:
12064:
12062:
12061:
12056:
12050:
12048:
12044:
12043:
12041:
12040:
12035:
12030:
12025:
12020:
12014:
12012:
12005:
11999:
11998:
11993:
11992:
11985:
11978:
11970:
11961:
11960:
11958:
11957:
11949:
11941:
11933:
11925:
11921:Carl Gegenbaur
11917:
11909:
11901:
11893:
11889:Rudolf Virchow
11885:
11877:
11869:
11861:
11853:
11845:
11837:
11829:
11821:
11813:
11805:
11797:
11789:
11781:
11773:
11765:
11761:Claude Bernard
11757:
11749:
11741:
11733:
11725:
11717:
11709:
11701:
11693:
11685:
11681:Julius Plücker
11677:
11673:Michel Chasles
11669:
11665:Charles Darwin
11661:
11653:
11645:
11637:
11629:
11621:
11613:
11605:
11597:
11589:
11581:
11573:
11565:
11556:
11553:
11552:
11544:
11543:
11536:
11529:
11521:
11512:
11511:
11509:
11508:
11503:
11498:
11488:
11477:
11475:
11471:
11470:
11463:
11461:
11458:
11457:
11455:
11454:
11447:Ronald Lockley
11444:
11434:
11422:
11415:Niko Tinbergen
11412:
11400:
11388:
11382:
11380:
11376:
11375:
11373:
11372:
11362:
11350:
11340:
11335:
11330:
11325:
11320:
11315:
11310:
11305:
11300:
11295:
11283:
11278:
11266:
11254:
11245:Charles Darwin
11242:
11237:
11228:Georges Cuvier
11225:
11216:George Montagu
11212:
11210:
11206:
11205:
11203:
11202:
11190:
11178:
11166:
11161:
11149:
11137:
11132:
11127:
11122:
11117:
11105:
11100:
11098:Jan Swammerdam
11095:
11090:
11088:William Derham
11085:
11080:
11075:
11062:
11060:
11054:
11053:
11051:
11050:
11040:
11029:William Turner
11026:
11021:
11012:Conrad Gessner
11009:
11007:Leonhart Fuchs
11004:
10999:
10994:
10989:
10984:
10977:Gaspard Bauhin
10974:
10968:
10966:
10960:
10959:
10957:
10956:
10944:
10932:
10922:
10910:
10897:
10895:
10884:
10878:
10877:
10870:
10869:
10862:
10855:
10847:
10841:
10840:
10819:
10803:
10783:
10758:
10746:
10726:
10723:
10722:
10721:
10712:
10697:
10688:
10672:
10671:Online sources
10669:
10668:
10667:
10659:
10647:
10635:
10622:
10609:
10595:
10592:
10588:
10587:
10582:
10576:
10575:
10564:
10563:
10561:
10560:External links
10558:
10557:
10556:
10549:
10531:
10527:Home from Home
10513:
10510:
10509:
10508:
10493:'s 2005 novel
10486:
10485:Literary works
10483:
10481:
10480:
10471:
10460:Deutsche Welle
10451:
10433:Jedediah Purdy
10421:
10411:(2): 277–297.
10397:
10350:
10343:
10336:
10329:
10320:
10314:
10301:
10289:
10282:
10269:investigations
10262:
10253:
10231:
10216:
10209:
10200:
10194:
10181:
10171:
10165:
10152:
10145:
10138:
10129:
10120:
10114:
10098:
10089:
10080:
10078:(47): 330–342.
10071:
10057:
10044:
10035:
10026:
9997:
9985:
9976:
9956:10.1086/348401
9938:
9936:
9933:
9931:
9930:
9921:
9907:
9887:
9881:
9868:
9857:
9851:
9835:
9829:
9812:
9806:
9793:
9787:
9770:
9764:
9744:
9733:
9727:
9714:
9695:
9673:
9667:
9651:
9639:10.1086/701757
9617:
9593:, ed. (1873).
9587:
9581:
9569:Brading, David
9565:
9559:
9545:
9543:
9540:
9537:
9536:
9516:
9491:
9484:
9464:
9448:
9435:
9423:
9408:
9388:
9368:
9346:
9300:
9274:
9249:
9230:
9195:
9183:
9124:
9111:(2): 515–576.
9091:
9057:
9042:
9040:, p. 294.
9030:
9028:, p. 199.
9018:
9009:
9007:, p. 266.
8994:
8957:
8955:, p. 282.
8945:
8943:, p. 106.
8933:
8904:
8892:
8890:, p. 279.
8879:
8867:
8855:
8840:
8802:
8784:
8782:, p. 317.
8772:
8770:, p. 312.
8768:Helferich 2004
8760:
8758:, p. 367.
8748:
8746:, p. 363.
8736:
8734:, p. 109.
8724:
8717:
8699:
8692:
8671:
8659:
8655:Helferich 2004
8647:
8635:
8620:
8608:
8596:
8581:
8571:Friedrich Kapp
8563:
8551:
8536:
8524:
8511:
8498:
8486:
8476:Friedrich Kapp
8462:
8447:
8420:(4): 111–135.
8402:
8383:(2): 287–304.
8360:
8345:
8313:
8311:, p. 311.
8301:
8299:, p. 210.
8289:
8276:
8259:
8247:
8234:
8221:
8208:
8195:
8183:
8170:
8158:
8135:
8097:
8095:, p. 226.
8085:
8059:
8036:
8014:
7995:
7983:
7976:
7958:
7946:
7934:
7932:. Boston 1869.
7921:
7909:
7907:, p. 272.
7897:
7876:
7863:
7851:
7821:
7800:
7777:
7775:, p. 413.
7765:
7744:
7737:
7719:
7704:
7702:, p. 534.
7692:
7690:, p. 235.
7677:
7664:
7662:, p. 433.
7652:
7650:, p. 307.
7639:
7626:
7624:, p. 306.
7614:
7612:, p. 203.
7602:
7590:
7588:, p. 207.
7577:
7565:
7563:, p. 205.
7553:
7541:
7539:, p. 286.
7528:
7526:, p. 287.
7516:
7504:
7479:
7467:
7455:
7430:
7418:
7405:
7403:, p. 874.
7393:
7380:
7367:
7365:, p. 166.
7355:
7353:, p. 377.
7343:
7311:
7281:
7279:, p. 204.
7269:
7244:
7232:
7219:
7206:
7204:, p. 138.
7194:
7187:
7160:
7153:
7129:
7123:D.A. Brading,
7116:
7103:
7091:
7082:
7069:
7065:Casta Painting
7063:Ilona Katzew,
7056:
7043:
7030:
6999:
6984:
6971:
6958:
6946:
6933:
6921:
6908:
6906:, p. 380.
6896:
6883:
6867:
6854:
6852:, p. 129.
6842:
6840:, p. 125.
6827:
6807:
6794:
6790:Helferich 2004
6782:
6769:
6750:
6746:Deutsche Welle
6727:
6702:
6690:
6660:
6647:
6635:
6623:
6611:
6599:
6597:, p. 523.
6587:
6585:, p. xxi.
6575:
6563:
6550:
6548:, p. 525.
6538:
6526:
6513:
6496:
6480:
6478:, p. 527.
6461:
6459:, p. 156.
6449:
6430:
6400:
6388:
6376:
6367:Revista Andina
6357:
6337:Edward Whymper
6328:
6275:
6262:
6260:, p. 190.
6258:Bleichmar 2012
6250:
6233:
6221:
6193:
6181:
6166:
6153:
6141:
6132:
6120:
6108:
6078:
6051:
6039:
6037:, p. 518.
6027:
6020:F.J. de Pons.
6013:
6001:
5992:
5983:
5970:
5966:Bleichmar 2012
5953:
5949:Bleichmar 2012
5941:
5937:Bleichmar 2012
5929:
5927:, p. 517.
5912:
5896:
5879:
5867:
5854:
5842:
5830:
5818:
5806:
5794:
5782:
5770:
5758:
5743:
5731:
5716:
5704:
5692:
5677:
5665:
5653:
5651:, p. xvi.
5638:
5626:
5612:
5600:
5589:Chisholm, Hugh
5545:
5533:
5521:
5489:
5469:
5455:
5399:
5363:
5349:978-1524704650
5348:
5325:
5308:Minding Nature
5291:
5261:
5208:
5169:
5138:
5107:Thubron, Colin
5098:
5077:
5048:
5020:
4989:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4774:
4773:
4770:Germany portal
4759:
4745:
4731:
4717:
4701:
4698:
4693:botanical name
4674:
4673:
4672:
4651:
4641:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4616:
4608:
4600:
4592:
4584:
4575:
4566:
4558:
4548:
4542:
4532:
4526:
4518:
4509:
4501:
4494:
4487:
4480:
4470:
4463:
4455:
4447:
4439:
4430:
4422:
4410:
4404:
4398:
4397:
4396:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4360:
4354:
4346:
4345:
4344:
4322:
4300:
4299:
4298:. 3 vols. 1843
4293:
4287:
4281:
4273:
4267:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4241:
4234:
4232:
4221:
4214:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4196:
4186:
4179:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4161:
4154:
4147:
4145:
4138:
4131:
4129:
4119:
4112:
4110:
4104:
4097:
4095:
4085:
4078:
4076:
4072:Allegheny West
4069:
4062:
4060:
4051:
4044:
4042:
4037:
4030:
4028:
4022:
4015:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4006:
3998:
3995:
3937:Charles Darwin
3929:
3926:
3887:
3884:
3855:
3852:
3835:
3832:
3811:
3810:Lecture series
3808:
3807:
3806:
3800:
3794:
3788:
3782:
3776:
3765:Main article:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3751:
3742:
3739:Villa de Leiva
3728:
3727:who founded it
3716:
3713:
3703:
3700:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3669:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3645:
3639:
3633:
3627:
3621:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3591:
3585:
3579:
3573:
3567:
3561:
3558:Humboldt, Iowa
3555:
3549:
3543:
3537:
3530:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3514:
3507:
3505:
3500:
3493:
3489:
3488:
3482:
3479:Humboldt Falls
3476:
3470:
3464:
3454:
3451:Mount Humboldt
3448:
3441:
3435:
3425:
3419:
3413:
3407:
3400:Humboldt River
3397:
3391:
3385:
3378:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3362:
3355:
3353:
3346:Humboldt squid
3344:
3337:
3335:
3329:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3311:
3303:
3291:
3283:
3275:
3267:
3259:
3251:
3250:– marine snail
3243:
3242:– marine snail
3235:
3230:subspecies of
3219:
3211:
3210:– a cranesbill
3203:
3195:
3187:
3178:
3170:
3162:
3154:
3152:Humboldt squid
3145:
3130:
3129:
3088:
3086:
3079:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3062:
3051:
3044:
3038:
3027:
3017:
3014:Pour le Mérite
3010:
3004:
2996:
2993:
2976:
2973:
2960:
2957:
2903:François Arago
2871:
2868:
2847:
2844:
2770:
2767:
2741:
2738:
2719:François Arago
2688:Prince Wilhelm
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2589:
2582:
2575:
2573:
2569:Puerto Cabello
2564:
2557:
2555:
2547:
2540:
2538:
2532:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2449:Erasmus Darwin
2432:When Darwin's
2362:Charles Darwin
2310:
2307:
2267:
2264:
2127:
2122:
2120:
2117:
1982:
1979:
1928:Duke of Sussex
1809:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1793:
1786:
1784:
1774:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1755:
1753:
1739:
1732:
1654:, and castes (
1605:magnetic field
1452:
1449:
1443:
1442:Travel diaries
1440:
1434:and landed at
1354:
1351:
1292:Fausto Elhuyar
1143:
1140:
1058:
1055:
986:
983:
971:Walter Raleigh
853:, on 16 July.
798:
795:
707:
704:
676:Nicolas Baudin
662:
659:
649:
646:
536:
533:
492:in 1791 under
446:and anatomist
341:
338:
306:Atlantic Ocean
295:meteorological
240:
239:
231:
230:
226:
225:
222:
221:
208:
204:
203:
198:
194:
193:
187:
186:
180:
176:
175:
165:magnetic storm
148:
147:Known for
144:
143:
125:
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
96:
94:(aged 89)
88:
84:
83:
70:
66:
62:
61:
54:
46:
45:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
15023:
15012:
15009:
15007:
15004:
15002:
14999:
14997:
14994:
14992:
14989:
14987:
14984:
14982:
14979:
14977:
14974:
14972:
14969:
14967:
14964:
14962:
14959:
14957:
14954:
14952:
14949:
14947:
14944:
14942:
14939:
14937:
14934:
14932:
14929:
14927:
14924:
14922:
14919:
14917:
14914:
14912:
14909:
14907:
14904:
14902:
14899:
14897:
14894:
14892:
14889:
14887:
14884:
14882:
14879:
14877:
14874:
14872:
14869:
14867:
14864:
14862:
14859:
14857:
14854:
14852:
14849:
14847:
14844:
14842:
14839:
14837:
14834:
14832:
14829:
14827:
14824:
14822:
14819:
14817:
14814:
14812:
14809:
14807:
14804:
14802:
14799:
14797:
14794:
14792:
14789:
14787:
14784:
14782:
14779:
14778:
14776:
14761:
14753:
14752:
14749:
14735:
14732:
14730:
14727:
14725:
14722:
14720:
14719:Museo del Oro
14717:
14716:
14714:
14712:
14708:
14702:
14699:
14697:
14694:
14692:
14689:
14687:
14684:
14682:
14679:
14677:
14674:
14673:
14671:
14669:
14665:
14656:
14655:
14651:
14646:
14645:
14641:
14636:
14635:
14631:
14630:
14628:
14624:
14619:
14609:
14606:
14604:
14601:
14599:
14596:
14594:
14591:
14589:
14586:
14584:
14581:
14579:
14576:
14574:
14573:De Piedrahita
14571:
14569:
14566:
14564:
14561:
14559:
14556:
14554:
14551:
14549:
14546:
14544:
14541:
14539:
14536:
14534:
14531:
14529:
14526:
14524:
14521:
14519:
14516:
14514:
14511:
14509:
14506:
14504:
14501:
14499:
14496:
14494:
14491:
14489:
14486:
14484:
14483:Acosta Samper
14481:
14479:
14476:
14475:
14473:
14471:
14467:
14463:
14456:
14452:
14436:
14433:
14432:
14431:
14428:
14426:
14423:
14421:
14418:
14417:
14415:
14411:
14401:
14398:
14396:
14393:
14391:
14388:
14386:
14383:
14381:
14378:
14376:
14373:
14371:
14370:Luis Lanchero
14368:
14366:
14361:
14359:
14356:
14354:
14351:
14349:
14346:
14344:
14341:
14339:
14336:
14334:
14331:
14329:
14326:
14324:
14321:
14319:
14316:
14315:
14313:
14309:
14303:
14300:
14298:
14295:
14293:
14290:
14288:
14285:
14283:
14280:
14278:
14275:
14274:
14272:
14268:
14265:
14263:
14262:Conquistadors
14259:
14255:
14251:
14246:
14242:
14224:
14221:
14219:
14216:
14214:
14211:
14210:
14208:
14206:
14202:
14196:
14193:
14191:
14188:
14186:
14183:
14182:
14180:
14178:
14174:
14168:
14165:
14163:
14160:
14158:
14155:
14153:
14150:
14149:
14147:
14145:
14141:
14138:
14136:
14132:
14122:
14119:
14118:
14116:
14114:
14110:
14106:
14100:
14097:
14095:
14092:
14090:
14087:
14085:
14084:Saguamanchica
14082:
14080:
14077:
14076:
14074:
14072:
14068:
14067:
14062:
14059:
14057:
14056:
14050:
14040:
14037:
14036:
14034:
14032:
14031:Tundama
14028:
14024:
14018:
14015:
14013:
14010:
14009:
14007:
14005:
14001:
14000:
13995:
13989:
13986:
13984:
13981:
13979:
13976:
13974:
13971:
13970:
13968:
13966:
13960:
13959:
13954:
13951:
13949:
13948:
13942:
13938:
13931:
13927:
13909:
13906:
13904:
13901:
13899:
13896:
13894:
13891:
13890:
13888:
13884:
13878:
13875:
13873:
13872:
13868:
13867:
13865:
13861:
13858:
13856:
13852:
13842:
13839:
13837:
13832:
13830:
13827:
13825:
13822:
13820:
13817:
13815:
13812:
13810:
13807:
13805:
13800:
13798:
13795:
13794:
13792:
13790:
13786:
13780:
13779:Hunzahúa Well
13777:
13775:
13772:
13770:
13767:
13765:
13762:
13760:
13757:
13756:
13754:
13752:
13748:
13745:
13743:
13739:
13733:
13730:
13728:
13725:
13723:
13720:
13718:
13715:
13713:
13710:
13708:
13705:
13703:
13700:
13698:
13695:
13693:
13690:
13688:
13685:
13683:
13680:
13678:
13675:
13674:
13672:
13670:
13666:
13662:
13655:
13651:
13631:
13626:
13625:Cabildo Mayor
13623:
13619:
13614:
13611:
13607:
13602:
13599:
13595:
13590:
13587:
13586:
13584:
13580:
13573:
13567:
13566:
13565:El Infiernito
13562:
13560:
13557:
13555:
13552:
13550:
13545:
13543:
13538:
13536:
13531:
13529:
13526:
13524:
13521:
13520:
13518:
13514:
13509:
13505:
13499:
13496:
13494:
13489:
13487:
13484:
13482:
13479:
13477:
13475:Lake Humboldt
13472:
13471:
13469:
13465:
13464:<10,000 BP
13460:
13456:
13453:
13451:
13447:
13441:
13438:
13436:
13433:
13432:
13430:
13426:
13420:
13415:
13413:
13410:
13408:
13405:
13403:
13402:Eastern Hills
13400:
13396:
13393:
13391:
13386:
13385:
13384:
13381:
13377:
13374:
13372:
13369:
13367:
13364:
13362:
13359:
13357:
13356:Juan Amarillo
13354:
13352:
13349:
13347:
13344:
13343:
13342:
13339:
13338:
13336:
13334:
13328:
13324:
13317:
13313:
13299:
13296:
13294:
13291:
13289:
13286:
13284:
13281:
13280:
13278:
13276:
13272:
13266:
13263:
13261:
13260:
13256:
13254:
13251:
13249:
13246:
13244:
13241:
13239:
13236:
13234:
13231:
13229:
13226:
13224:
13221:
13219:
13216:
13215:
13213:
13209:
13203:
13200:
13198:
13195:
13193:
13190:
13188:
13183:
13181:
13178:
13176:
13173:
13171:
13168:
13166:
13163:
13161:
13158:
13156:
13155:Mummification
13153:
13151:
13148:
13146:
13143:
13141:
13138:
13136:
13133:
13131:
13128:
13126:
13123:
13121:
13118:
13117:
13115:
13111:
13107:
13100:
13096:
13092:
13083:
13078:
13076:
13071:
13069:
13064:
13063:
13060:
13049:
13045:
13041:
13031:
13021:
13018:
13017:
13015:
13013:
13009:
13003:
13002:
12998:
12996:
12995:
12991:
12989:
12988:
12984:
12982:
12981:
12980:
12975:
12973:
12972:
12968:
12966:
12965:
12964:Antarctilamna
12961:
12960:
12958:
12956:
12952:
12946:
12943:
12942:
12940:
12938:
12934:
12928:
12925:
12924:
12922:
12920:
12916:
12910:
12909:
12905:
12903:
12902:
12901:Sachicasaurus
12898:
12896:
12895:
12891:
12889:
12888:
12887:Padillasaurus
12884:
12882:
12881:
12877:
12875:
12874:
12870:
12868:
12867:
12863:
12861:
12860:
12856:
12854:
12853:
12852:Desmatochelys
12849:
12847:
12846:
12842:
12840:
12839:
12835:
12834:
12832:
12830:
12826:
12820:
12817:
12816:
12814:
12812:
12808:
12802:
12801:
12800:Yaguarasaurus
12797:
12795:
12794:
12790:
12789:
12787:
12785:
12781:
12775:
12774:
12770:
12769:
12767:
12765:
12761:
12755:
12754:
12753:
12748:
12746:
12745:
12741:
12739:
12738:
12734:
12732:
12731:
12727:
12725:
12724:
12720:
12718:
12717:
12713:
12711:
12710:
12706:
12704:
12703:
12699:
12698:
12696:
12694:
12690:
12684:
12683:
12679:
12678:
12676:
12674:
12670:
12664:
12663:
12659:
12658:
12656:
12654:Gualanday Gp.
12652:
12646:
12645:
12641:
12639:
12638:
12634:
12632:
12631:
12627:
12625:
12624:
12620:
12618:
12617:
12613:
12611:
12610:
12606:
12604:
12603:
12599:
12597:
12596:
12592:
12590:
12589:
12585:
12583:
12582:
12578:
12576:
12575:
12571:
12569:
12568:
12564:
12562:
12561:
12560:Miocallicebus
12557:
12555:
12554:
12550:
12548:
12547:
12543:
12541:
12540:
12536:
12534:
12533:
12529:
12527:
12526:
12522:
12520:
12519:
12515:
12513:
12512:
12508:
12506:
12505:
12501:
12499:
12498:
12494:
12492:
12491:
12487:
12485:
12484:
12480:
12478:
12477:
12473:
12471:
12470:
12466:
12464:
12463:
12459:
12457:
12456:
12452:
12450:
12449:
12445:
12443:
12442:
12438:
12436:
12435:
12431:
12429:
12428:
12424:
12422:
12421:
12420:Anachlysictis
12417:
12416:
12414:
12412:
12408:
12402:
12401:
12397:
12395:
12394:
12390:
12389:
12387:
12385:
12381:
12378:
12374:
12364:
12361:
12359:
12356:
12355:
12353:
12351:
12347:
12341:
12338:
12336:
12333:
12332:
12330:
12328:
12324:
12318:
12315:
12313:
12310:
12308:
12305:
12303:
12300:
12298:
12295:
12294:
12292:
12290:
12286:
12278:
12275:
12274:
12273:
12270:
12268:
12265:
12264:
12262:
12260:
12256:
12250:
12247:
12245:
12242:
12240:
12237:
12233:
12230:
12229:
12228:
12225:
12223:
12220:
12218:
12217:Barzalosa Fm.
12215:
12214:
12212:
12210:
12206:
12200:
12197:
12193:
12190:
12189:
12188:
12185:
12184:
12182:
12180:
12176:
12173:
12171:
12168:fossiliferous
12163:
12156:
12149:
12138:
12129:
12120:
12111:
12102:
12093:
12084:
12077:
12060:
12057:
12055:
12052:
12051:
12049:
12045:
12039:
12036:
12034:
12031:
12029:
12026:
12024:
12021:
12019:
12016:
12015:
12013:
12009:
12006:
12000:
11991:
11986:
11984:
11979:
11977:
11972:
11971:
11968:
11954:
11950:
11946:
11942:
11938:
11934:
11930:
11926:
11922:
11918:
11914:
11910:
11906:
11902:
11898:
11894:
11890:
11886:
11882:
11878:
11874:
11873:Simon Newcomb
11870:
11866:
11865:George Salmon
11862:
11858:
11854:
11850:
11846:
11842:
11838:
11834:
11830:
11826:
11822:
11818:
11814:
11810:
11809:Arthur Cayley
11806:
11802:
11798:
11794:
11790:
11786:
11782:
11778:
11774:
11770:
11766:
11762:
11758:
11754:
11750:
11746:
11745:Louis Pasteur
11742:
11738:
11734:
11730:
11726:
11722:
11718:
11714:
11710:
11706:
11702:
11698:
11694:
11690:
11686:
11682:
11678:
11674:
11670:
11666:
11662:
11658:
11657:Adam Sedgwick
11654:
11650:
11649:Thomas Graham
11646:
11642:
11641:Louis Agassiz
11638:
11634:
11633:Robert Bunsen
11630:
11626:
11622:
11618:
11617:Charles Lyell
11614:
11610:
11606:
11602:
11598:
11594:
11593:Léon Foucault
11590:
11586:
11582:
11578:
11574:
11570:
11566:
11562:
11558:
11557:
11554:
11549:
11542:
11537:
11535:
11530:
11528:
11523:
11522:
11519:
11507:
11504:
11502:
11499:
11496:
11492:
11489:
11486:
11482:
11479:
11478:
11476:
11472:
11467:
11452:
11448:
11445:
11442:
11438:
11435:
11432:
11431:
11430:On Aggression
11426:
11425:Konrad Lorenz
11423:
11420:
11416:
11413:
11410:
11409:
11404:
11401:
11398:
11397:
11392:
11391:Abbott Thayer
11389:
11387:
11384:
11383:
11381:
11377:
11370:
11366:
11363:
11360:
11359:
11354:
11353:Ernst Haeckel
11351:
11348:
11344:
11341:
11339:
11336:
11334:
11331:
11329:
11326:
11324:
11321:
11319:
11318:Louis Agassiz
11316:
11314:
11311:
11309:
11306:
11304:
11303:Charles Lyell
11301:
11299:
11296:
11293:
11292:
11287:
11284:
11282:
11279:
11276:
11275:
11270:
11267:
11264:
11263:
11258:
11255:
11252:
11251:
11246:
11243:
11241:
11240:William Smith
11238:
11235:
11234:
11229:
11226:
11223:
11222:
11217:
11214:
11213:
11211:
11207:
11200:
11199:
11194:
11191:
11188:
11187:
11182:
11181:Thomas Bewick
11179:
11176:
11175:
11170:
11169:Gilbert White
11167:
11165:
11162:
11159:
11158:
11153:
11150:
11147:
11146:
11141:
11138:
11136:
11133:
11131:
11128:
11126:
11123:
11121:
11120:Georg Steller
11118:
11115:
11114:
11109:
11108:Carl Linnaeus
11106:
11104:
11101:
11099:
11096:
11094:
11091:
11089:
11086:
11084:
11081:
11079:
11076:
11073:
11072:
11067:
11064:
11063:
11061:
11059:
11058:Enlightenment
11055:
11048:
11044:
11041:
11038:
11034:
11030:
11027:
11025:
11022:
11019:
11018:
11013:
11010:
11008:
11005:
11003:
11000:
10998:
10995:
10993:
10990:
10988:
10987:Otto Brunfels
10985:
10982:
10978:
10975:
10973:
10970:
10969:
10967:
10965:
10961:
10954:
10953:
10948:
10945:
10942:
10941:
10936:
10933:
10930:
10926:
10923:
10920:
10919:
10914:
10911:
10908:
10907:
10902:
10899:
10898:
10896:
10894:
10888:
10885:
10879:
10875:
10868:
10863:
10861:
10856:
10854:
10849:
10848:
10845:
10837:
10833:
10829:
10825:
10820:
10816:
10815:
10809:
10804:
10800:
10799:
10793:
10788:
10784:
10780:
10776:
10772:
10768:
10764:
10759:
10755:
10751:
10747:
10743:
10739:
10738:
10733:
10729:
10728:
10725:Miscellaneous
10720:
10716:
10713:
10705:
10701:
10698:
10696:
10692:
10689:
10686:
10682:
10678:
10675:
10674:
10664:
10660:
10657:(in Spanish).
10656:
10652:
10648:
10644:
10640:
10636:
10631:
10630:avhumboldt.de
10627:
10623:
10618:
10614:
10610:
10606:
10602:
10598:
10597:
10586:
10583:
10581:
10578:
10577:
10572:
10567:
10554:
10550:
10547:
10543:
10539:
10535:
10532:
10529:
10528:
10524:'s 2013 film
10523:
10519:
10518:Werner Herzog
10516:
10515:
10506:
10502:
10501:
10496:
10492:
10489:
10488:
10477:
10472:
10461:
10457:
10452:
10448:
10444:
10443:
10438:
10434:
10430:
10426:
10422:
10418:
10414:
10410:
10406:
10402:
10398:
10394:
10390:
10385:
10380:
10376:
10372:
10368:
10364:
10360:
10356:
10351:
10348:
10344:
10341:
10337:
10334:
10330:
10326:
10321:
10317:
10311:
10307:
10302:
10299:
10298:
10293:
10290:
10287:
10283:
10279:
10275:
10271:
10270:
10263:
10259:
10254:
10250:
10246:
10242:
10241:
10236:
10232:
10228:
10227:
10222:
10217:
10214:
10210:
10207:
10204:
10201:
10197:
10191:
10187:
10182:
10179:
10175:
10174:Klein, Ursula
10172:
10168:
10162:
10158:
10153:
10150:
10146:
10143:
10139:
10135:
10130:
10126:
10121:
10117:
10111:
10107:
10103:
10099:
10095:
10090:
10086:
10081:
10077:
10072:
10068:
10064:
10060:
10054:
10050:
10045:
10041:
10036:
10032:
10027:
10023:
10019:
10015:
10011:
10008:(1): 94–113.
10007:
10003:
9998:
9994:
9990:
9986:
9982:
9977:
9973:
9969:
9965:
9961:
9957:
9953:
9949:
9945:
9940:
9939:
9927:
9922:
9918:
9914:
9910:
9904:
9899:
9898:
9892:
9888:
9884:
9878:
9874:
9869:
9865:
9864:
9858:
9854:
9848:
9844:
9840:
9836:
9832:
9830:0-670-03775-3
9826:
9821:
9820:
9813:
9809:
9803:
9799:
9794:
9790:
9784:
9779:
9778:
9771:
9767:
9761:
9757:
9753:
9749:
9745:
9741:
9740:
9734:
9730:
9724:
9720:
9715:
9711:
9707:
9703:
9702:
9696:
9692:
9688:
9684:
9683:
9678:
9674:
9670:
9664:
9660:
9656:
9652:
9648:
9644:
9640:
9636:
9632:
9628:
9627:
9622:
9618:
9615:
9614:public domain
9604:
9600:
9596:
9592:
9588:
9584:
9582:0-521-39130-X
9578:
9574:
9570:
9566:
9562:
9556:
9552:
9547:
9546:
9532:
9531:
9526:
9520:
9504:
9503:
9495:
9487:
9485:9780226465678
9481:
9477:
9476:
9468:
9461:
9457:
9452:
9445:
9439:
9432:
9427:
9419:
9412:
9405:
9401:
9398:
9392:
9385:
9381:
9378:
9372:
9365:
9361:
9358:
9357:
9350:
9342:
9336:
9317:
9310:
9304:
9288:
9284:
9278:
9263:
9259:
9258:"Humboldtine"
9253:
9245:
9241:
9234:
9215:
9208:
9207:
9199:
9192:
9191:de Terra 1955
9187:
9179:
9175:
9170:
9165:
9161:
9157:
9152:
9147:
9143:
9139:
9135:
9128:
9119:
9114:
9110:
9106:
9102:
9095:
9079:
9075:
9073:
9067:
9061:
9053:
9046:
9039:
9034:
9027:
9022:
9013:
9006:
9001:
8999:
8982:
8978:
8974:
8970:
8969:
8961:
8954:
8949:
8942:
8937:
8930:
8926:
8917:
8913:
8908:
8901:
8900:de Terra 1955
8896:
8889:
8883:
8876:
8871:
8864:
8859:
8851:
8844:
8828:
8824:
8820:
8816:
8812:
8806:
8798:
8794:
8788:
8781:
8780:de Terra 1955
8776:
8769:
8764:
8757:
8752:
8745:
8744:de Terra 1955
8740:
8733:
8728:
8720:
8714:
8710:
8703:
8695:
8689:
8685:
8681:
8675:
8668:
8663:
8656:
8651:
8645:, p. 65.
8644:
8639:
8633:, p. 71.
8632:
8627:
8625:
8618:, p. 64.
8617:
8612:
8605:
8600:
8593:
8592:
8585:
8578:
8577:
8572:
8567:
8560:
8555:
8548:
8547:
8540:
8534:, p. 58.
8533:
8528:
8521:
8515:
8508:
8502:
8495:
8490:
8483:
8482:
8477:
8473:
8472:
8466:
8459:
8454:
8452:
8443:
8439:
8435:
8431:
8427:
8423:
8419:
8415:
8414:
8406:
8398:
8394:
8390:
8386:
8382:
8378:
8377:
8369:
8367:
8365:
8356:
8352:
8348:
8342:
8338:
8337:
8332:
8326:
8324:
8322:
8320:
8318:
8310:
8309:de Terra 1955
8305:
8298:
8297:de Terra 1955
8293:
8286:
8280:
8272:
8271:
8263:
8256:
8251:
8244:
8238:
8231:
8225:
8218:
8212:
8205:
8199:
8192:
8187:
8180:
8174:
8168:, p. 37.
8167:
8162:
8156:
8152:
8149:
8145:
8139:
8124:
8120:
8116:
8112:
8108:
8101:
8094:
8089:
8083:
8079:
8076:
8072:
8071:
8063:
8056:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8040:
8033:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8018:
8010:
8006:
7999:
7992:
7987:
7979:
7977:9783893250202
7973:
7969:
7962:
7955:
7950:
7943:
7942:de Terra 1955
7938:
7931:
7925:
7918:
7917:de Terra 1955
7913:
7906:
7901:
7894:
7890:
7886:
7880:
7873:
7867:
7860:
7855:
7839:
7835:
7831:
7825:
7818:
7814:
7811:
7810:
7804:
7797:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7781:
7774:
7769:
7762:
7758:
7755:. Lecture at
7754:
7748:
7740:
7734:
7730:
7723:
7716:
7715:
7708:
7701:
7696:
7689:
7684:
7682:
7675:, p. 145
7674:
7668:
7661:
7656:
7649:
7648:de Terra 1955
7643:
7636:
7630:
7623:
7622:de Terra 1955
7618:
7611:
7606:
7600:, p. 62.
7599:
7594:
7587:
7581:
7574:
7569:
7562:
7557:
7550:
7545:
7538:
7537:de Terra 1955
7532:
7525:
7524:de Terra 1955
7520:
7513:
7512:de Terra 1955
7508:
7500:
7492:
7486:
7484:
7476:
7471:
7464:
7459:
7452:
7451:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7425:
7423:
7415:
7409:
7402:
7397:
7390:
7384:
7377:
7371:
7364:
7359:
7352:
7351:de Terra 1955
7347:
7328:
7321:
7315:
7299:
7295:
7291:
7290:"MemberListH"
7285:
7278:
7277:de Terra 1955
7273:
7258:
7254:
7248:
7241:
7236:
7229:
7223:
7216:
7210:
7203:
7198:
7190:
7188:0-6717-9276-8
7184:
7180:
7176:
7175:
7170:
7164:
7156:
7150:
7146:
7142:
7136:
7134:
7126:
7120:
7113:
7107:
7098:
7096:
7086:
7079:
7073:
7066:
7060:
7053:
7047:
7040:
7034:
7018:
7014:
7010:
7003:
6995:
6988:
6981:
6975:
6968:
6962:
6955:
6954:de Terra 1955
6950:
6943:
6937:
6930:
6929:de Terra 1955
6925:
6918:
6912:
6905:
6904:de Terra 1955
6900:
6894:. Paris 1817.
6893:
6887:
6880:
6876:
6871:
6864:
6858:
6851:
6850:Zimmerer 2011
6846:
6839:
6838:Zimmerer 2011
6834:
6832:
6825:
6821:
6817:
6811:
6804:
6798:
6792:, p. 25.
6791:
6786:
6779:
6773:
6766:
6762:
6759:
6754:
6747:
6743:
6739:
6736:
6731:
6723:
6719:
6715:
6714:
6706:
6699:
6698:de Terra 1955
6694:
6686:
6682:
6678:
6674:
6667:
6665:
6657:
6651:
6644:
6639:
6632:
6627:
6620:
6615:
6609:, p. xv.
6608:
6603:
6596:
6591:
6584:
6579:
6572:
6571:de Terra 1955
6567:
6560:
6554:
6547:
6542:
6535:
6530:
6523:
6517:
6510:
6506:
6500:
6493:
6489:
6484:
6477:
6472:
6470:
6468:
6466:
6458:
6457:de Terra 1955
6453:
6446:
6442:
6439:
6434:
6418:
6414:
6410:
6404:
6397:
6392:
6385:
6384:de Terra 1955
6380:
6372:
6368:
6361:
6353:
6349:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6332:
6325:
6320:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6292:
6291:
6286:
6279:
6272:
6266:
6259:
6254:
6247:
6242:
6240:
6238:
6230:
6229:de Terra 1955
6225:
6218:
6214:
6210:
6206:
6203:
6197:
6190:
6185:
6179:
6177:
6170:
6163:
6157:
6150:
6145:
6136:
6129:
6124:
6117:
6116:de Terra 1955
6112:
6096:
6093:(in German).
6092:
6091:PariaTours.de
6088:
6082:
6065:
6061:
6055:
6048:
6043:
6036:
6031:
6024:
6017:
6010:
6009:de Terra 1955
6005:
5996:
5987:
5980:
5974:
5967:
5963:
5957:
5951:, p. 19.
5950:
5945:
5938:
5933:
5926:
5921:
5919:
5917:
5909:
5905:
5900:
5894:, p. 83.
5893:
5892:de Terra 1955
5888:
5886:
5884:
5877:, p. 80.
5876:
5875:de Terra 1955
5871:
5865:, p. 39.
5864:
5858:
5852:, p. 39.
5851:
5846:
5839:
5834:
5827:
5822:
5815:
5810:
5803:
5802:de Terra 1955
5798:
5791:
5790:de Terra 1955
5786:
5780:, p. 53.
5779:
5778:de Terra 1955
5774:
5768:, p. 51.
5767:
5766:de Terra 1955
5762:
5755:
5750:
5748:
5740:
5735:
5729:, p. xv.
5728:
5723:
5721:
5713:
5708:
5701:
5696:
5690:, p. 18.
5689:
5684:
5682:
5675:, p. 17.
5674:
5669:
5662:
5657:
5650:
5645:
5643:
5635:
5634:de Terra 1955
5630:
5622:
5616:
5609:
5608:de Terra 1955
5604:
5596:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5574:
5572:
5570:
5568:
5566:
5564:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5556:
5554:
5552:
5550:
5542:
5541:de Terra 1955
5537:
5530:
5529:de Terra 1955
5525:
5517:
5511:
5503:
5496:
5494:
5485:
5484:
5479:
5473:
5465:
5459:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5403:
5387:
5383:
5382:
5377:
5373:
5367:
5359:
5355:
5351:
5345:
5341:
5340:
5332:
5330:
5313:
5309:
5305:
5298:
5296:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5265:
5246:
5242:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5225:Physics Today
5219:
5212:
5193:
5189:
5188:
5180:
5173:
5157:
5153:
5149:
5142:
5126:
5122:
5121:
5116:
5114:
5108:
5102:
5095:
5091:
5087:
5081:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5063:
5058:
5052:
5036:
5035:
5030:
5024:
5009:
5008:HarperCollins
5005:
5004:
4999:
4993:
4986:
4980:
4976:
4962:
4952:
4919:
4911:
4878:
4867:
4833:
4829:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4771:
4760:
4757:
4746:
4743:
4732:
4729:
4718:
4715:
4704:
4694:
4690:
4679:
4676:The standard
4670:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4632:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4593:
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4589:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4549:
4546:
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4540:
4538:
4533:
4530:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4488:
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4478:
4476:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4408:
4405:
4402:
4399:
4394:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4374:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4361:
4358:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4288:
4285:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4274:
4271:
4268:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4245:
4242:Sculpture in
4238:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4218:
4213:
4209:
4202:
4197:
4194:
4190:
4183:
4178:
4174:
4167:
4162:
4158:
4151:
4146:
4142:
4135:
4130:
4127:, Mexico City
4126:
4122:
4116:
4111:
4107:
4101:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4082:
4077:
4073:
4066:
4061:
4058:
4054:
4048:
4043:
4040:
4034:
4029:
4026:
4019:
4014:
4013:
4005:
4001:
4000:
3994:
3991:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3933:Simón Bolívar
3925:
3923:
3919:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3894:
3893:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3708:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3680:
3677:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3642:Humboldt Park
3640:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3618:Humboldt Park
3616:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3517:
3516:Pico Humboldt
3511:
3506:
3503:
3497:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3442:
3439:
3438:Sima Humboldt
3436:
3433:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3422:Humboldt Sink
3420:
3417:
3416:Pico Humboldt
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3404:Humboldt Lake
3401:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3365:
3359:
3354:
3351:
3348:found in the
3347:
3341:
3336:
3332:
3326:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3233:
3232:Orinoco River
3229:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3126:
3123:
3115:
3112:February 2015
3105:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3089:This section
3087:
3083:
3078:
3077:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3009:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2956:
2954:
2953:homosexuality
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2933:
2925:
2921:
2919:
2913:
2911:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2887:Aimé Bonpland
2883:
2879:
2877:
2867:
2861:
2858:, Berlin, by
2857:
2852:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2830:
2824:
2822:
2817:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2784:
2780:
2775:
2766:
2764:
2758:
2755:
2751:
2750:Imperial Eyes
2747:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2673:
2668:
2650:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2627:
2622:
2618:
2611:
2606:
2602:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2579:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2561:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2551:Colonia Tovar
2544:
2539:
2536:
2529:
2524:
2523:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2509:
2508:George Catlin
2505:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2421:
2419:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2378:Ernst Haeckel
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2356:
2352:
2351:Louis Agassiz
2348:
2343:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2320:
2315:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2276:
2272:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2225:Edward Sabine
2222:
2217:
2214:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2138:
2133:
2126:
2116:
2114:
2113:Asie Centrale
2109:
2102:
2098:
2096:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2033:
2028:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1954:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1941:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1902:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1872:Benito Juárez
1869:
1865:
1860:
1858:
1857:Royal Society
1855:in 1810. The
1854:
1850:
1847:in 1822; the
1846:
1842:
1839:in 1818; the
1838:
1834:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1814:
1801:
1797:
1790:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1771:
1766:
1759:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1736:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1641:
1640:Andean condor
1636:
1632:
1630:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1606:
1601:
1598:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1458:
1448:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1394:Benjamin Rush
1391:
1387:
1386:Caspar Wistar
1383:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1359:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1319:Dresden Codex
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1182:
1181:Dresden Codex
1178:
1170:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1148:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1054:
1052:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1003:
1000:
991:
982:
980:
976:
972:
967:
965:
961:
957:
953:
952:electric eels
949:
945:
941:
937:
936:Orinoco River
932:
930:
929:Simón Bolívar
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
909:meteor shower
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
881:
877:
873:
868:
864:
859:
854:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
823:
816:
812:
808:
807:Aimé Bonpland
805:Humboldt and
803:
794:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
764:
759:
755:
752:
746:
744:
740:
736:
731:
729:
725:
716:
712:
703:
701:
697:
693:
688:
686:
685:Aimé Bonpland
681:
677:
673:
669:
654:
645:
643:
638:
633:
632:Luigi Galvani
628:
624:
622:
617:
615:
611:
606:
602:
598:
595:. Goethe and
594:
587:
582:
578:
575:
571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
552:
550:
546:
542:
532:
528:
523:
519:
515:
511:
510:F.X. von Zach
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
488:, geology at
487:
482:
480:
479:Royal Society
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
459:Georg Forster
456:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
425:
421:
416:
412:
410:
407:and botanist
406:
402:
401:Enlightenment
396:
394:
390:
386:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
365:Prussian Army
362:
358:
353:
351:
347:
337:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
319:
314:
309:
307:
303:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
281:
277:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
237:
232:
227:
223:
220:
216:
212:
209:
205:
202:
199:
195:
192:
188:
184:
181:
177:
174:
170:
166:
162:
159:(1845–1862),
158:
157:
152:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
126:
122:
118:
114:
111:
110:Schloss Tegel
108:
106:Resting place
104:
100:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
67:
63:
58:
52:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
14652:
14642:
14632:
14626:Publications
14547:
14364:Lázaro Fonte
14108:
14064:
14054:
14026:
13997:
13988:Aquiminzaque
13956:
13946:
13869:
13742:Sacred sites
13677:Chiminigagua
13629:
13618:~1450 - 1540
13617:
13605:
13601:Early Muisca
13594:800 BC - 800
13593:
13578:
13563:
13559:Lake Herrera
13512:
13463:
13440:Tenza Valley
13435:Ocetá Páramo
13412:Suárez River
13341:Bogotá River
13257:
13125:Architecture
13012:Floresta Fm.
12999:
12992:
12987:Holoptychius
12985:
12979:Bothriolepis
12977:
12976:
12969:
12962:
12919:Arcabuco Fm.
12906:
12899:
12892:
12885:
12880:Muiscasaurus
12878:
12871:
12864:
12857:
12850:
12843:
12838:Acostasaurus
12836:
12798:
12791:
12771:
12750:
12749:
12742:
12735:
12728:
12723:Cerrejonemys
12721:
12714:
12707:
12700:
12693:Cerrejón Fm.
12680:
12660:
12642:
12635:
12628:
12621:
12614:
12607:
12600:
12593:
12586:
12579:
12572:
12567:Miocochilius
12565:
12558:
12551:
12544:
12537:
12530:
12525:Huilatherium
12523:
12518:Hondadelphys
12516:
12509:
12502:
12495:
12488:
12481:
12474:
12467:
12460:
12453:
12448:Cebupithecia
12446:
12439:
12432:
12425:
12418:
12398:
12393:Gomphotheres
12391:
12363:Floresta Fm.
12335:Arcabuco Fm.
12272:Cerrejón Fm.
12058:
12047:19th century
11568:
11561:Richard Owen
11450:
11440:
11428:
11418:
11406:
11403:Hugh B. Cott
11394:
11379:20th century
11368:
11356:
11346:
11289:
11280:
11272:
11260:
11248:
11231:
11219:
11209:19th century
11196:
11184:
11172:
11155:
11143:
11135:James Hutton
11125:Joseph Banks
11111:
11071:Micrographia
11069:
11066:Robert Hooke
11046:
11036:
11032:
11015:
10980:
10950:
10938:
10928:
10916:
10913:Theophrastus
10904:
10827:
10812:
10796:
10773:(1): 19–38.
10770:
10766:
10753:
10736:
10665:(in French).
10654:
10643:the original
10629:
10617:the original
10605:the original
10570:
10553:Rainer Simon
10525:
10498:
10494:
10475:
10463:. Retrieved
10449:(16): 37–39.
10446:
10440:
10436:
10408:
10404:
10384:10261/182537
10358:
10354:
10346:
10339:
10332:
10324:
10305:
10295:
10285:
10267:
10257:
10239:
10225:
10212:
10205:
10185:
10177:
10156:
10148:
10141:
10133:
10124:
10105:
10093:
10084:
10075:
10048:
10039:
10030:
10005:
10001:
9992:
9980:
9950:(2): 83–95.
9947:
9943:
9925:
9896:
9891:Wulf, Andrea
9872:
9862:
9842:
9839:Sachs, Aaron
9818:
9797:
9776:
9755:
9752:Ette, Ottmar
9738:
9718:
9700:
9681:
9658:
9630:
9624:
9594:
9591:Bruhns, Karl
9572:
9550:
9529:
9519:
9507:. Retrieved
9501:
9494:
9474:
9467:
9459:
9451:
9443:
9438:
9430:
9426:
9417:
9411:
9397:Letter 13277
9391:
9371:
9355:
9349:
9323:. Retrieved
9303:
9291:. Retrieved
9277:
9267:15 September
9265:. Retrieved
9261:
9252:
9243:
9239:
9233:
9221:. Retrieved
9205:
9198:
9186:
9141:
9137:
9127:
9108:
9104:
9094:
9082:. Retrieved
9077:
9071:
9060:
9045:
9033:
9021:
9012:
8985:. Retrieved
8972:
8967:
8960:
8948:
8936:
8907:
8895:
8882:
8870:
8858:
8849:
8843:
8833:19 September
8831:. Retrieved
8822:
8818:
8805:
8796:
8787:
8775:
8763:
8751:
8739:
8727:
8708:
8702:
8683:
8674:
8662:
8657:, p. 8.
8650:
8638:
8611:
8599:
8589:
8588:Wikisource.
8584:
8575:
8566:
8554:
8544:
8539:
8527:
8519:
8514:
8506:
8501:
8489:
8479:
8469:
8465:
8417:
8411:
8405:
8380:
8374:
8335:
8304:
8292:
8284:
8279:
8269:
8262:
8254:
8250:
8242:
8237:
8229:
8224:
8216:
8211:
8203:
8198:
8193:, caption, .
8186:
8178:
8173:
8161:
8143:
8138:
8126:. Retrieved
8114:
8110:
8100:
8088:
8068:
8062:
8044:
8039:
8022:
8017:
8008:
7998:
7986:
7967:
7961:
7949:
7937:
7929:
7924:
7912:
7900:
7884:
7879:
7871:
7866:
7854:
7842:. Retrieved
7833:
7824:
7808:
7803:
7785:
7780:
7768:
7756:
7752:
7747:
7728:
7722:
7712:
7707:
7700:Brading 1991
7695:
7667:
7655:
7642:
7634:
7629:
7617:
7605:
7593:
7580:
7568:
7556:
7544:
7531:
7519:
7507:
7498:
7470:
7458:
7448:
7433:
7413:
7408:
7396:
7388:
7383:
7375:
7370:
7358:
7346:
7334:. Retrieved
7314:
7302:. Retrieved
7293:
7284:
7272:
7260:. Retrieved
7256:
7247:
7242:, p. 1.
7235:
7227:
7222:
7214:
7209:
7197:
7173:
7163:
7144:
7124:
7119:
7111:
7106:
7085:
7077:
7072:
7064:
7059:
7051:
7046:
7038:
7033:
7021:. Retrieved
7012:
7002:
6993:
6987:
6979:
6974:
6966:
6961:
6949:
6941:
6936:
6924:
6916:
6911:
6899:
6891:
6886:
6879:Naturgemälde
6878:
6870:
6862:
6857:
6845:
6815:
6810:
6802:
6797:
6785:
6777:
6772:
6753:
6730:
6712:
6705:
6693:
6676:
6672:
6655:
6650:
6642:
6638:
6626:
6619:Brading 1991
6614:
6602:
6595:Brading 1991
6590:
6578:
6566:
6558:
6553:
6546:Brading 1991
6541:
6534:Brading 1991
6529:
6521:
6516:
6508:
6504:
6499:
6491:
6487:
6483:
6476:Brading 1991
6452:
6433:
6421:. Retrieved
6412:
6403:
6391:
6379:
6370:
6366:
6360:
6346:
6331:
6322:
6288:
6278:
6270:
6265:
6253:
6224:
6216:
6212:
6196:
6184:
6175:
6169:
6156:
6144:
6135:
6123:
6111:
6099:. Retrieved
6090:
6081:
6068:. Retrieved
6064:the original
6054:
6042:
6035:Brading 1991
6030:
6021:
6016:
6004:
5995:
5986:
5978:
5973:
5961:
5956:
5944:
5939:, p. 5.
5932:
5925:Brading 1991
5907:
5899:
5870:
5857:
5845:
5833:
5821:
5809:
5797:
5785:
5773:
5761:
5734:
5707:
5695:
5668:
5656:
5629:
5615:
5610:, p. 5.
5603:
5592:
5536:
5531:, p. 3.
5524:
5501:
5483:The Atlantic
5481:
5472:
5458:
5415:
5411:
5402:
5390:. Retrieved
5381:The Atlantic
5379:
5372:Wulf, Andrea
5366:
5338:
5316:. Retrieved
5307:
5302:Walls, L.D.
5283:, retrieved
5274:
5264:
5252:. Retrieved
5224:
5211:
5199:. Retrieved
5185:
5172:
5162:26 September
5160:. Retrieved
5151:
5141:
5129:. Retrieved
5118:
5112:
5101:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5080:
5072:the original
5060:
5051:
5039:. Retrieved
5032:
5023:
5011:. Retrieved
5001:
4992:
4984:
4979:
4832:
4671:(1805–1833).
4668:
4664:
4654:
4644:
4635:
4619:
4611:
4603:
4595:
4587:
4578:
4569:
4561:
4551:
4544:
4535:
4528:
4521:
4512:
4504:
4497:
4490:
4483:
4473:
4466:
4458:
4450:
4442:
4433:
4425:
4417:
4413:
4406:
4400:
4392:
4382:
4372:
4363:
4356:
4348:
4325:
4317:
4309:
4302:
4301:
4295:
4289:
4283:
4276:
4269:
4263:
4139:Monument in
4023:Bust at the
3988:
3966:
3944:
3931:
3921:
3915:
3910:
3901:
3900:
3890:
3889:
3879:
3873:
3868:
3862:
3857:
3843:
3837:
3813:
3793:, Lima, Peru
3715:Universities
3690:The mineral
3689:
3672:54 Alexandra
3527:
3382:Humboldt Bay
3375:
3313:
3305:
3294:
3285:
3277:
3269:
3261:
3253:
3245:
3237:
3221:
3213:
3205:
3197:
3189:
3180:
3172:
3164:
3156:
3147:
3138:
3133:
3118:
3109:
3098:Please help
3093:verification
3090:
3048:Copley Medal
2990:
2986:Chicago fire
2978:
2962:
2948:
2934:
2930:
2914:
2907:
2884:
2880:
2873:
2864:
2839:
2833:
2828:
2825:
2818:
2814:
2809:
2789:
2787:
2762:
2759:
2749:
2745:
2743:
2727:
2704:
2693:
2677:
2648:
2632:
2616:
2600:
2584:
2566:
2549:
2534:
2512:
2506:
2495:
2476:
2468:
2453:
2446:
2438:
2433:
2431:
2424:
2422:
2415:
2359:
2344:
2340:
2324:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2242:In Britain,
2241:
2236:
2232:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2179:
2169:
2167:
2162:
2144:
2143:
2124:
2112:
2103:
2099:
2091:
2067:
2056:
2036:
2022:
1999:
1992:
1971:
1967:Central Park
1964:
1956:
1953:John Bigelow
1950:
1939:
1936:
1917:
1911:
1907:
1880:
1875:
1861:
1830:
1819:
1717:
1712:
1705:
1689:
1661:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1625:
1609:
1602:
1594:
1568:
1564:
1562:
1552:
1549:Naturgemälde
1548:
1535:
1531:holistically
1511:
1484:
1468:
1463:
1460:
1445:
1429:
1418:
1413:
1406:
1382:Philadelphia
1380:Arriving in
1379:
1364:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1335:
1306:
1302:
1300:
1287:
1277:
1249:
1244:
1237:
1220:
1202:
1186:
1162:
1125:
1116:
1102:
1096:and reached
1091:
1076:
1050:
1047:
1006:
996:
968:
963:
962:(1807), and
959:
955:
933:
925:Andrés Bello
904:
896:
882:
878:
874:
866:
862:
855:
830:
828:
815:Eduard Ender
768:
747:
742:
732:
720:
689:
664:
641:
629:
625:
618:
613:
600:
590:
576:
572:
567:
559:
553:
538:
483:
475:Joseph Banks
470:
466:
452:
429:
420:Tegel Palace
397:
381:
354:
343:
335:
316:
312:
310:
299:
297:monitoring.
287:biogeography
244:
243:
190:
183:Copley Medal
154:
151:Biogeography
92:(1859-05-06)
55:Portrait by
36:
14791:1859 deaths
14786:1769 births
14711:Collections
13903:Pacanchique
13893:Goranchacha
13764:Moon Temple
13727:Chibafruime
13243:Muisca raft
13120:Agriculture
12971:Asterolepis
12873:Leyvachelys
12866:Leivanectes
12859:Kronosaurus
12784:Hondita Fm.
12616:Purussaurus
12609:Potamosiren
12588:Neotamandua
12581:Mourasuchus
12511:Hoazinoides
12497:Gryposuchus
12455:Colombophis
12441:Boreostemma
12434:Balanerodus
12400:Megatherium
12384:Pleistocene
12307:Hondita Fm.
12227:Honda Group
12179:Pleistocene
12033:Hoffstetter
12004:researchers
11825:Carl Ludwig
11550:(1851–1900)
11451:Shearwaters
11308:Mary Anning
11093:Hans Sloane
11043:John Gerard
11037:New Herball
10964:Renaissance
10947:Dioscorides
10883:naturalists
10742:BBC Radio 4
10737:In Our Time
10538:Detlev Buck
10522:Edgar Reitz
9542:Works cited
9377:Letter 9601
9038:Bruhns 1873
9026:Bruhns 1873
9005:Bruhns 1873
8987:5 September
8953:Bruhns 1873
8941:Bruhns 1873
8912:Bruhns 1873
8875:Clerke 1911
8283:Achenbach,
7441: [
7401:Clerke 1911
7391:, p. xviii.
7387:Labastida,
6310:11336/14124
6130:, p. .
5816:, p. .
5201:11 November
4818:Cartopology
4629:Other works
4563:Rücksichten
4334:Ottmar Ette
4230:since 2009.
4173:a sculpture
3854:Dedications
3692:humboldtine
3518:, Venezuela
3463:(1938–1939)
3447:, Venezuela
3299:– Cambrian
3290:– butterfly
3169:– an orchid
2794:materialist
2670:Humboldt's
2052:Caspian Sea
2048:Lake Baikal
2040:Gustav Rose
2027:chervontsev
1915:(1845–62).
1742:Mexico City
1547:Humboldt's
1523:meteorology
1495:meteorology
1371:White House
1198:Asian trade
1002:John Fraser
975:Lake Parime
958:(1814–29),
948:bifurcation
921:Avila mount
525: [
514:J.G. Köhler
494:A.G. Werner
444:C. G. Heyne
405:Marcus Herz
377:chamberlain
291:geomagnetic
211:Markus Herz
116:Nationality
14775:Categories
14644:El Carnero
14603:Uricoechea
14578:De Quesada
14358:Juan Tafur
14135:Neighbours
14094:Tisquesusa
14079:Meicuchuca
13759:Sun Temple
13732:Guahaioque
13717:Nencatacoa
13707:Chibchacum
13606:800 - 1200
13579:>800 BC
13498:Tequendama
13459:Prehistory
13389:Suba Hills
13165:Muysccubun
13020:Trilobites
13001:Strepsodus
12994:Pterygotus
12716:Carbonemys
12673:Bogotá Fm.
12595:Nuciruptor
12574:Mohanamico
12539:Langstonia
12532:Lagonimico
12289:Cretaceous
12267:Bogotá Fm.
12187:Sabana Fm.
12011:After 1900
10881:Pioneering
9530: Humb
9293:31 October
9246:: 207–210.
9144:: e14985.
9066:USDA, NRCS
8914:, p.
8886:quoted in
8863:Rupke 2008
8756:Walls 2009
8732:Walls 2009
8718:0415196159
8693:0415438160
8667:Rupke 2008
8643:Sachs 2007
8616:Sachs 2007
8604:Sachs 2006
8559:James 1913
8532:James 1913
8494:Sachs 2006
8460:, p.
8117:(2): 163.
7671:Quoted in
7646:quoted in
7584:quoted in
7240:Sachs 2006
7202:Rupke 2008
7154:0415060958
7110:Humboldt,
7076:Humboldt,
7050:Humboldt,
7037:Humboldt,
6520:Humboldt,
6373:: 247–262.
5904:Ida Altman
5838:Daum 2019a
5712:Daum 2019b
5392:14 January
5029:"Humboldt"
4998:"Humboldt"
4971:References
4462:(12 vols.)
4244:Chimborazo
4228:La Orotava
4187:Statue in
4108:, New York
4070:Statue in
4010:Sculptures
3741:, Colombia
3666:lunar mare
3033:, by King
3023:, by King
2941:Carl Bolle
2937:Paul Näcke
2336:yerba mate
2229:Elise Otté
2205:Elise Otté
2130:See also:
1995:Nicholas I
1955:published
1777:Cuernavaca
1597:isothermal
1455:See also:
1315:main plaza
1280:Guanajuato
1213:Cuernavaca
1109:Chimborazo
1067:Chimborazo
1013:Guanabacoa
692:Marseilles
672:Directoire
506:J.C. Loder
463:James Cook
389:Rittmaster
257:naturalist
253:geographer
90:6 May 1859
14588:Schrimpff
14558:Langebaek
14553:Izquierdo
14498:Broadbent
14488:De Aguado
14089:Nemequene
14053:Southern
13945:Northern
13908:Thomagata
13898:Idacansás
13871:El Dorado
13855:Mythology
13809:Guatavita
13712:Cuchavira
13554:Aguazuque
13331:Altiplano
13283:Zipaquirá
13170:Mythology
13135:Astronomy
12955:Cuche Fm.
12819:Ammonites
12773:Eonatator
12764:Oliní Gp.
12752:Titanoboa
12744:Puentemys
12637:Stirtonia
12469:Dukecynus
12411:Honda Gp.
12358:Cuche Fm.
12312:Oliní Gp.
12259:Paleogene
12244:Uitpa Fm.
12239:Jimol Fm.
12199:Soatá Fm.
10901:Aristotle
10893:antiquity
10891:Classical
10836:0036-8687
10779:0459-1801
10429:Wulf 2015
10393:0022-0477
10067:964328973
10022:1326-0219
9964:0021-1753
9917:911240481
9691:902143803
9657:(2019b).
9647:151051482
9160:2167-8359
8888:Wulf 2015
8631:Wulf 2015
8458:Wulf 2015
8434:0018-2656
8389:0149-7952
8355:299750885
8191:Wulf 2015
8166:Wulf 2015
8148:pp. 67–68
8093:Wulf 2015
7954:Wulf 2015
7905:Wulf 2015
7773:Wulf 2015
7688:Wulf 2015
7660:Wulf 2015
7610:Wulf 2015
7586:Wulf 2015
7573:Wulf 2015
7561:Wulf 2015
7549:Wulf 2015
7493:(1900).
7475:Wulf 2015
7463:Wulf 2015
7363:Wulf 2015
6978:Carrera,
6875:Wulf 2015
6814:P. Moret
6679:: 43–56.
6319:0718-1043
6162:Wulf 2015
6160:Cited in
6149:Wulf 2015
6128:Wulf 2015
6070:28 August
6047:Wulf 2015
5863:Wulf 2015
5850:Wulf 2015
5826:Wulf 2015
5814:Wulf 2015
5739:Wulf 2015
5688:Wulf 2015
5673:Wulf 2015
5661:Wulf 2015
5510:cite book
5442:2397-334X
5358:973159818
5275:IAEA-Inis
4582:(2 vols.)
4573:(2 vols.)
4555:(5 vols.)
4525:(5 vols.)
4454:(4 vols.)
4446:(5 vols.)
4438:(2 vols.)
4435:nascentes
4320:(2 vols.)
4246:, Ecuador
4210:main quad
4193:St. Louis
3878:composed
3874:In 2019,
3775:, Germany
3698:in 1821.
3301:Lobopodia
2918:Sanssouci
2889:, and in
2876:Henriette
2870:Sexuality
2846:Sociality
2840:Jews Bill
2821:afterlife
2370:John Muir
1828:in 1805.
1666:had been
1648:New Spain
1621:Neptunism
1612:volcanoes
1421:Louisiana
1105:Pichincha
851:Venezuela
783:New Spain
607:entitled
601:Die Horen
498:Neptunist
361:Pomerania
283:geography
280:botanical
229:Signature
201:Geography
14760:Category
14548:Humboldt
14518:Duquesne
14470:Scholars
14113:Turmequé
14055:caciques
14017:Sugamuxi
14012:Nompanim
13973:Hunzahúa
13947:caciques
13630:>2002
13575:Ceramic
13395:Wetlands
13376:Tunjuelo
13298:Sesquilé
13265:Zoratama
13238:Emeralds
13211:Specific
13192:Toponyms
13180:Religion
13175:Numerals
13140:Calendar
13040:Category
12829:Paja Fm.
12811:Hiló Fm.
12602:Patasola
12546:Lycopsis
12350:Devonian
12327:Jurassic
12317:Paja Fm.
12302:Hiló Fm.
12277:Cerrejón
12249:Ware Fm.
12232:La Venta
12059:Humboldt
11328:Asa Gray
11140:John Ray
10828:Scientia
10704:LibriVox
10237:(1833).
9972:13242231
9893:(2015).
9841:(2007).
9679:(1955).
9400:Archived
9380:Archived
9360:Archived
9335:cite web
9316:Archived
9287:Archived
9223:12 April
9214:Archived
9178:36915652
9169:10007972
9068:(n.d.).
8981:Archived
8827:Archived
8813:(1927).
8795:(1914).
8682:(1992).
8397:41303732
8333:(2008).
8151:Archived
8123:24622076
8078:Archived
8051:Archived
8028:Archived
7838:Archived
7813:Archived
7792:Archived
7389:Humboldt
7327:Archived
7298:Archived
7171:(1992).
7143:(1997).
7114:, p. 72.
7080:, p. 71.
7017:Archived
6761:Archived
6738:Archived
6524:, p. 74.
6441:Archived
6423:21 April
6417:Archived
6344:(1892).
6205:Archived
6101:20 March
6095:Archived
5581:(1911).
5450:31467435
5386:Archived
5312:Archived
5279:archived
5245:Archived
5192:Archived
5156:Archived
5125:Archived
4700:See also
4598:(vol. 3)
4590:(vol. 3)
4580:Bonpland
4571:Amazones
4367:(1811);
4224:La Palma
3880:Humboldt
3844:Stiftung
3676:asteroid
3614:, Canada
3310:– lichen
3282:– beetle
3057:by King
2781:, 1859.
2769:Religion
2649:Cotopaxi
2633:Cotopaxi
2617:Cotopaxi
2603:(Brazil)
2585:Llaneros
2502:Cotopaxi
2328:Paraguay
2151:lectures
2078:Cossacks
2050:and the
2006:platinum
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1557:Antisana
1436:Bordeaux
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13288:Nemocón
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