31:
384:
535:
479:. The dictionary was published in 1851 and at the time it was the most extensive dictionary of Lithuanian. Undeterred, Kurschat collected lexicographical data for about three decades and prepared two-volume German–Lithuanian dictionary. Printing of the dictionary started in 1866, but Kurschat did not have sufficient funds. He was able to get some government assistance from Prussia and from
187:
Kurschat published several linguistic studies of the
Lithuanian language. His most important work was the grammar of the Lithuanian language published in 1876. He also published two-volume German–Lithuanian dictionary and one-volume Lithuanian–German dictionary. Kurschat was an active translator and
514:
and from published
Lithuanian works. In collecting the data, Kurschat was assisted by other priests and Lithuanian activists. Words that Kurschat could not attest from personal experience were written in square brackets, a unique feature highly valued by modern researchers. The dictionaries are the
425:
published his grammar in 1901. Kurschat did not have a strong linguistic education (he studied theology at the university) and therefore was not as technically strong as
Schleicher. However, as a native speaker, Kurschat had much better command and understanding of Lithuanian and could provide much
293:
After Rhesa's death in 1840, Kurschat, while still a student, became the leader of the
Lithuanian language seminar and held that position for more than forty years. Only old age forced him to retire in 1883. He substantially improved the quality of the seminar and published two booklets for its
294:
attendees in 1843 and 1849. He also offered the seminar to all students of the university, not just those studying theology. The seminar was an elective that lasted three years. Kurschat increased the number of weekly hours by adding a course on
236:) hired Kurschat as an assistant and a tutor for his children. With Meyer's help, in 1824, Kurschat became a second teacher at the primary school in Neukirch even though he had no formal education. He later moved to teach in Heinrichswalde (now
546:
Kurschat edited and published numerous religious texts in
Lithuanian. These texts were not original texts by Kurschat, but new translations, corrections, and edits of various other texts. In total, Kurschat published about 30 Lithuanian books.
184:. After Rhesa's death in 1840, Kurschat became the leader of the Lithuanian language seminar at the university and held that position for more than forty years. He graduated in 1844 and was ordained as a Lutheran priest.
224:
Friedrich
Kurschat was born on 24 April 1806 into a family of a school teacher. He was the eldest of eight children and received his first education at his father's school. In 1822, priest Meyer from Neukirch (now
180:
Kurschat was born into a family of a poor school teacher and received no formal education until age 28. In 1836, he enrolled into the
University of Königsberg where he became an assistant to linguist
662:
226:
277:
562:
in 1853, a prayer book with 150 hymns in 1854, and 98 hymns for soldiers and students in 1857 (it was republished 25 times). In 1841, he also published a new translation of the
282:
arrived to Königsberg to learn
Lithuanian, Rhesa recommended Kurschat as his teacher. Kurschat's studies were interrupted by an illness and he worked for a year as a teacher in
1140:"Frydrichas Kuršaitis, Lietuvių kalbos gramatika 1876, parengė Birutė Kabašinskaitė, iš vokiečių kalbos vertė Alfonsas Tekorius, vertimo mokslinė redaktorė – Regina Venckutė"
618:
496:
635:, Kurschat was approached by a German general to start a conservative Lithuanian periodical. Receiving funds from the Prussian government, Kurschat established weekly
1267:
271:. As Kurschat was fluent in Lithuanian and a diligent student, he became assistant to Rhesa who was elderly and of increasingly poor health. When Russian philologist
1139:
359:
and did not campaign against
Germanization. He believed that the Lithuanian language was destined for extinction and hurried to record it for future studies.
1065:
452:, which was published in 1737 and briefly discussed Lithuanian accentuation, and came to his conclusions independently. The work also included a chapter on
642:
213:
417:
In 1876, Kurschat published his most important work – 476-page grammar of the
Lithuanian language. It substantially improved the earlier grammar by
682:
The village was known in Lithuanian as Noragėliai and was renamed to Urbansprind in 1938. It was located about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) east of
475:
In 1846, a group of linguists decided to publish a Lithuanian dictionary. For the task they selected not a new graduate Kurschat but professor
272:
491:), Kurschat did not earn any money from the publication. Kurschat then published one-volume Lithuanian–German dictionary with about 20,000
1262:
515:
most important and extensive source on the language of Prussian Lithuanians and most of their data was incorporated into the 20-volume
487:, the first volume was published in 1870 and the second in 1874. Event though the dictionary was expensive (unbound copy sold for 27
495:
in 1883. Due to increasingly poor health, the last dictionary was not as extensive as first envisioned. Kurschat's nephew, linguist
1170:
623:
438:, provided ample new examples (mostly from his native dialect), and for the first time discussed accentology in great detail.
1242:
1212:
1237:
689:
231:
641:(Traveler) in July 1849 and edited it until February 1880. Most of the content was written by Kurschat. It was one of the
1222:
632:
476:
203:
193:
1247:
325:
1217:
1080:
1045:
931:
582:
516:
1232:
926:. Mažosios Lietuvos fondo leidiniai (in Lithuanian). Vol. 6. Baltos lankos. pp. 225–226, 248, 305, 488.
1252:
877:
Aleksandrynas: senųjų lietuvių rašytojų, rašiusių prieš 1865 m., biografijos, bibliografijos ir biobibliografijos
448:
430:, included a map where Lithuanian was spoken, characterized Lithuanian dialects, described Lithuanian phonetics,
398:) for the attendees of the Lithuanian language seminar. It contained an alphabetical list of most common German
666:, a monthly Lithuanian periodical reporting mainly on Evangelical missions in Asia, Africa, and South America.
586:
469:
590:
730:
340:
332:
564:
457:
198:
558:
in 1666. This hymnal saw its 38th edition in 1917. He later published smaller hymnals: 64 hymns with 16
501:
426:
more detail than Schleicher. Kurschat's grammar discussed the relationship between Lithuanian and other
256:
166:
121:
411:
347:. Politically, Kurschat was very conservative. He promoted Lutheran religious ideals and supported the
585:. This Bible was first translated and published in 1735 and Kurschat edited and corrected it based on
568:
written by D. Weiss (it was republished in 1845 and 1865). In 1852, he published a new translation of
613:
in 1825. In 1844, he translated and published a booklet about the harms of alcohol and promoting the
555:
343:
but received only 147 votes out of 5,748. He was similarly unsuccessful in the 1879 elections to the
336:
899:
483:(which purchased 50 copies of the dictionary for its libraries). After additional delays due to the
286:. Kurschat graduated from the university and was ordained as a priest in 1844. He was assigned as a
1257:
456:
with sample lyrics of 25 songs. The grammar was influential and was used by many activists of the
965:
443:
427:
403:
174:
30:
601:
In 1843, while still a university student, Kurschat published a new edition of a collection of
362:
Kurschat married in 1848, but had no children. He used spent his summers in Cranz (present-day
305:
1040:(in Lithuanian). Vol. 4: Lietuvių kalba XVIII-XIX a. Vilnius: Mokslas. pp. 319–324.
819:
402:
and their Lithuanian equivalents. It was followed by a second booklet in 1849 which discussed
602:
461:
453:
407:
948:
313:
259:
to study theology. Since 1718, students who were to become pastors in parishes inhabited by
1207:
1202:
511:
399:
356:
355:
while criticizing "democratic vomit" directed at them. He did not believe in the future of
260:
8:
1227:
1097:
1075:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas. pp. 291–293.
614:
523:
484:
317:
264:
170:
162:
154:
111:
1120:
488:
344:
300:
295:
63:
999:
1151:
1124:
1076:
1041:
927:
880:
834:
418:
287:
421:
published in 1856 and remained as the most complete and authoritative grammar until
248:). At age 28, having saved a hundred thalers, Kurschat enrolled into a gymnasium in
1112:
422:
352:
308:. To further study the Lithuanian language, he visited Lithuania (then part of the
55:
51:
522:
Both the grammar and the dictionaries were published by the printing press of the
460:. In particular, the grammar was the main source of information on Lithuanian for
383:
480:
241:
431:
309:
1196:
1155:
1116:
838:
704:
691:
348:
312:) in 1872, 1874 and 1875. He visited several Lithuanian activists, including
131:
Linguist, university professor, translator, newspaper editor, Lutheran priest
90:
884:
755:
506:, helped edit and publish the last volume. All words in the dictionary have
367:
101:
610:
570:
363:
268:
181:
86:
82:
59:
575:
559:
507:
439:
387:
Map of the area where Lithuanian is spoken included in Kurschat's grammar
173:
and published its grammar in 1876 in which he was the first to describe
879:(in Lithuanian). Vol. III. Vilnius: Sietynas. pp. 172–178.
465:
391:
Kurschat published his studies of the Lithuanian language in German.
245:
188:
editor of various religious texts, including the official edition of
534:
366:) where he died on 23 August 1884. He was buried four days later in
249:
637:
492:
283:
208:
1171:""Nusidavimai apie Evangėlios prasiplatinimą tarp žydų ir pagonų""
472:. The grammar was translated and published in Lithuanian in 2013.
320:. Kurschat was recognized as a professor in 1865 and as honorary
729:
also provides that Kurschat similarly unsuccessfully ran in the
663:
Nusidavimai apie evangelijos prasiplatinimą tarp žydų ir pagonių
212:(Traveler) and edited it until February 1880. It was one of the
683:
551:
435:
324:
in 1875. In 1882, he was selected as an honorary member of the
237:
202:. In total, he published about 30 Lithuanian books. During the
189:
998:
Sabaliauskas, Algirdas; Kaunas, Domas; Citavičiūtė, Liucija.
442:
introduced in this grammar are still used in modern texts on
924:
Mažosios Lietuvos knyga: lietuviškos knygos raida 1547-1940
733:
to the Reichstag, but this information cannot be verified.
1177:(in Lithuanian). Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos centras
1006:(in Lithuanian). Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos centras
997:
972:(in Lithuanian). Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos centras
762:(in Lithuanian). Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos centras
468:, who studied Lithuanian accentuation and formulated the
321:
406:. It was a much more substantial study peer-reviewed by
206:, Kurschat established a conservative Lithuanian weekly
964:
Gliožaitis, Algirdas Antanas; Žemaitaitis, Algirdas.
554:
which also included edited hymns first published by
255:After the graduation in 1836, he enrolled into the
1098:"Why Lithuanian Accentuation Mattered to Saussure"
963:
1194:
649:was discontinued in 1880 but quickly revived as
581:In 1858, Kurschat prepared a new edition of the
953:(in German). Berlin: Louis Gerschel. p. 1.
900:"Karaliaučiaus Lietuvių kalbos seminarui – 300"
394:Already in 1843, Kurschat published a booklet (
1268:Academic staff of the University of Königsberg
660:For some time, Kurschat corrected language of
1063:
817:
657:which continued to be published until 1924.
510:. It limited itself to words collected from
1035:
897:
396:Beiträge zur Kunde der littauischen Sprache
1137:
29:
550:In 1841, he edited the official 790-page
267:. At the time, the seminar was taught by
1059:
1057:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
946:
917:
915:
913:
874:
870:
868:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
533:
382:
950:Die Reichstags-wahlen von 1867 bis 1883
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
795:
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
777:
1195:
1095:
993:
991:
989:
987:
921:
1162:
1131:
1089:
1054:
1018:
910:
596:
957:
940:
898:Bikauskienė, Dalia (29 March 2018).
891:
845:
774:
753:
747:
607:Dainos oder Litthauische Volkslieder
984:
609:) collected and first published by
477:Georg Heinrich Ferdinand Nesselmann
378:
194:Lithuanian translation of the Bible
13:
1168:
529:
370:, but his grave has not survived.
326:Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences
142:Grammatik der littauischen Sprache
14:
1279:
1096:Joseph, John E. (November 2009).
966:"lietuvininkai Prūsijos landtage"
820:"Prisiminkime Fridrichą Kuršaitį"
583:Bible translation into Lithuanian
517:Academic Dictionary of Lithuanian
446:. Kurschat was not familiar with
290:of Lithuanian-speaking soldiers.
1263:University of Königsberg alumni
1175:Mažosios Lietuvos enciklopedija
1064:Sabaliauskas, Algirdas (2008).
1004:Mažosios Lietuvos enciklopedija
970:Mažosios Lietuvos enciklopedija
818:Sabaliauskas, Algirdas (2006).
760:Mažosios Lietuvos enciklopedija
633:German revolutions of 1848–1849
449:Universitas lingvarum Litvaniae
204:German revolutions of 1848–1849
719:
676:
165:linguist and professor at the
1:
1073:Lietuvių kalbos enciklopedija
740:
263:had to take a seminar on the
16:Prussian linguist (1806–1884)
1243:19th-century Lutheran clergy
1213:People from Slavsky District
1138:Drukteinis, Albinas (2013).
1071:. In Morkūnas, Kazys (ed.).
1036:Zinkevičius, Zigmas (1990).
875:Biržiška, Vaclovas (1990) .
643:first Lithuanian periodicals
219:
214:first Lithuanian periodicals
7:
1238:19th-century lexicographers
458:Lithuanian National Revival
341:Prussian Conservative Party
244:a year and to Kalthof (now
10:
1284:
1223:Lithuanian Lutheran clergy
947:Phillips, A., ed. (1883).
497:Alexander Theodor Kurschat
470:Fortunatov–de Saussure law
240:) where he earned just 70
1248:Lithuanian lexicographers
464:, one of the founders of
135:
127:
117:
107:
97:
70:
37:
28:
21:
1218:People from East Prussia
1117:10.1179/175975309X452067
1038:Lietuvių kalbos istorija
669:
619:Johann Heinrich Böttcher
565:Luther's Small Catechism
373:
257:University of Königsberg
199:Luther's Small Catechism
167:University of Königsberg
122:University of Königsberg
1233:Linguists of Lithuanian
444:Lithuanian accentuation
428:Indo-European languages
404:Lithuanian accentuation
175:Lithuanian accentuation
1253:Lithuanian translators
1066:"Kuršáitis Fridrichas"
1000:"Frydrichas Kuršaitis"
922:Kaunas, Domas (1996).
543:
388:
339:as a candidate of the
306:Kristijonas Donelaitis
158:
705:55.05000°N 21.71444°E
617:by the German pastor
603:Lithuanian folk songs
537:
462:Ferdinand de Saussure
454:Lithuanian folk songs
408:August Friedrich Pott
400:prepositional phrases
386:
1144:Archivum Lithuanicum
1105:Language and History
754:Purvinas, Martynas.
725:Mykolas Biržiška in
512:Prussian Lithuanians
357:Prussian Lithuanians
331:Kurschat ran in the
261:Prussian Lithuanians
159:Frydrichas Kuršaitis
701: /
615:temperance movement
524:Francke Foundations
485:Franco-Prussian War
318:Antanas Baranauskas
265:Lithuanian language
171:Lithuanian language
163:Prussian Lithuanian
161:; 1806–1884) was a
112:Prussian Lithuanian
710:55.05000; 21.71444
597:Other publications
544:
389:
345:Landtag of Prussia
314:Motiejus Valančius
296:Lithuanian grammar
151:Friedrich Kurschat
64:Kingdom of Prussia
23:Friedrich Kurschat
1146:(in Lithuanian).
829:(in Lithuanian).
827:Tautosakos darbai
651:Naujasis keleivis
419:August Schleicher
298:and a reading of
169:. He studied the
148:
147:
1275:
1187:
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1033:
1016:
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1011:
995:
982:
981:
979:
977:
961:
955:
954:
944:
938:
937:
919:
908:
907:
906:(in Lithuanian).
895:
889:
888:
872:
843:
842:
824:
815:
772:
771:
769:
767:
751:
734:
723:
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712:
711:
706:
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699:
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680:
627:
505:
423:Jonas Jablonskis
379:Language studies
353:Kings of Prussia
337:German Reichstag
281:
242:Prussian thalers
235:
138:
77:
56:Slavsky District
47:
45:
33:
19:
18:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1258:Lithuania Minor
1193:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1180:
1178:
1169:Kaunas, Domas.
1167:
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1136:
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655:Tilžės keleivis
621:
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538:First issue of
532:
530:Religious texts
499:
481:Austria-Hungary
412:Holger Pedersen
410:and praised by
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118:Alma mater
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49:
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17:
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11:
5:
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1111:(2): 182–183.
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909:
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731:1871 elections
718:
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668:
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595:
593:translations.
531:
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432:word formation
380:
377:
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333:1874 elections
310:Russian Empire
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78:(aged 78)
74:23 August 1884
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1082:9785420016237
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1047:5-420-00661-8
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933:9986-813-28-X
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48:24 April 1806
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
1179:. Retrieved
1174:
1164:
1147:
1143:
1133:
1108:
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1072:
1037:
1008:. Retrieved
1003:
974:. Retrieved
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959:
949:
942:
923:
903:
893:
876:
830:
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756:"Noragėliai"
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653:and then as
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489:German marks
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137:Notable work
98:Burial place
87:East Prussia
83:Zelenogradsk
76:(1884-08-23)
60:East Prussia
1208:1884 deaths
1203:1806 births
1150:: 463–470.
833:: 251–255.
708: /
631:During the
622: [
576:John Bunyan
560:sheet music
500: [
301:The Seasons
276: [
273:Pyotr Preis
230: [
227:Timiryazevo
177:in detail.
108:Nationality
1228:Balticists
1197:Categories
1181:24 January
1010:24 January
976:24 January
766:24 January
741:References
696:21°42′52″E
693:55°03′00″N
368:Königsberg
155:Lithuanian
102:Königsberg
52:Noragehlen
44:1806-04-24
1156:1392-737X
1125:144780177
839:1392-2831
493:headwords
466:semiotics
246:Rizhskoye
220:Biography
885:28707188
647:Keleivis
638:Keleivis
540:Keleivis
351:and the
288:chaplain
284:Tragheim
209:Keleivis
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542:in 1849
335:to the
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587:German
552:hymnal
436:syntax
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250:Elbląg
238:Slavsk
196:, and
190:hymnal
144:(1876)
1121:S2CID
1101:(PDF)
1069:(PDF)
823:(PDF)
670:Notes
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591:Greek
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374:Works
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1183:2022
1152:ISSN
1077:ISBN
1042:ISBN
1012:2022
978:2022
928:ISBN
881:OCLC
835:ISSN
831:XXXI
768:2022
589:and
316:and
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38:Born
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322:PhD
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