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479:. Hitler summoned Rundstedt and Dollmann to Berchtesgaden on 28 June 1944 and insisted that Dollmann be court-martialed. Rundstedt rejected this idea since Dollmann was no more accountable for the failure than himself. Still unsatisfied, Hitler demanded that Dollmann at the very least should be relieved of command, which stimulated another defense, this time from Rommel. Undeterred, Hitler waited until the men left to relieve Dollmann of command, replacing him with
33:
1976:
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lieutenant colonel, Dollmann took over as commander of First
Division of the 7th (Bavarian) Artillery Regiment at WĂĽrzburg on 1 February 1928. Following this assignment, Dollmann then returned to a former unit, and became Chief of the General Staff of the 7th (Bavarian) Division. During the next few years, Dollmann held various positions, spent some time in the higher artillery command of the
1948:
313:. While the French Maginot Line had proven impregnable to frontal assault in the past, Hitler was unconcerned, as its defenses were easily outflanked during the invasion. Throughout the invasion of France, Dollmann's 7th Army was not placed on the offensive until most of the French army had been destroyed, at which point he linked up with the
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conduct a sustained resistance could not be assured. Although they rendered vigorous resistance, the German forces could only slow the Allied advance. Throughout the course of defending the coastline and in spite of the disastrous circumstances, Dollmann continued to discipline his soldiers by the threat of severe penalties.
495:, wrote that on 29 June at around 3:00 in the morning, Dollmann bid farewell to his staff and committed suicide in his command post. In 2003, a theory was put forward that like Rommel, Dollmann was forced to commit suicide by Hitler. He was buried in France on 2 July 1944, where the field marshals Rundstedt, Rommel and
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protested; he felt a column march in daytime was merely an invitation to the Allied air forces to decimate his division. He suggested alternative plans, but
Dollmann remained adamant. This proved a costly mistake. Throughout the night of 6–7 June 1944, the Allies used their knowledge of the location
413:
Up to 60 German divisions were tasked with defending 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi) of coastline from the
Riviera to the North Sea, composed of varying troops – Cossacks, Volga Tartars, Georgians, among others, equipped with weapons captured from France, Poland, and Yugoslavia. Aside from what he
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Unaware that he had been relieved of command, Dollmann was nonetheless worn out and stressed. He died on 29 June 1944. The exact circumstances of his death remain controversial. Some sources say he suffered a heart attack, while others say he committed suicide by taking poison. In 1973, Dollmann's
458:
Inaccurate
Wehrmacht intelligence reports and Hitler's assurance that a second invasion was due at any moment left the equivalent of an entire German Army Group, comprising five Luftwaffe divisions, two Panzer divisions, and 24 infantry divisions, sitting immobile awaiting further instructions. In
391:
Dollman tried to enjoy his time living in France during the occupation, frequently attending religious services and visiting cathedrals and museums. At the same time he fell into a deep depression and let himself go, overindulging in wine and cigars. Meanwhile, Dollmann's deteriorating health was
250:
notes that
Dollmann's orders were imbued with a discernible Nazi impetus. He therefore believes that Dollmann had a stronger inclination to National Socialism than otherwise presumed. A directive from Dollmann dated 8 February 1935 shows that he instructed his officers to cooperate fully with the
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Part of the effort to repel the Allied attack included strategic placement of troops over what appeared to be a growing front. Dollman's 7th Army (over 16 divisions and five corps commands) was sent to the left wing of the invasion front. They learned on 21 June 1944 that the supplies needed to
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suggests that the reason might be that
Dollmann was considered too inflexible and technically unsuited for the warfare in the East. Dollmann did not keep up with contemporary tactical military developments nor did he follow the course of the war all that closely. Instead he became complacent,
225:
He took over as Chief of
Artillery in the Defense Ministry on 1 February 1933. Subsequent his brief time as commander of army service Kassel in October 1934, he was appointed Commander of the Military District IX (Hesse-Thuringia West) on 1 May 1935. Having distinguished himself, Dollmann was
194:
Born in 1882, Dollmann joined the army in 1899. He studied in the War
Academy for General Staff starting in 1909. He served as an aerial observer for the first two years of the First World War. Dollmann was assigned to the wartime General Staff on 5 November 1917, as part of the 6th Infantry
212:
in Munich, a post he retained for one year. On 1 October 1920, he was briefly employed as
Adjutant of the Artillery Commander XXI before being assigned commander of the VII Artillery Division. Dollmann was transferred to the staff of the 7th (Bavarian) Division on 1 April 1923. Promoted to
699:
Telford Taylor named the others promoted to general (of which
Dollmann is included) in the following order: von Brauchitsch, Blaskowitz, von Witzleben, List, Geyer, von Kluge, von Reichenau, von Kleist, Dollmann, Knochenhauer, Ulex, and Kress von Kressenstein. See: Taylor (1995).
451:
of the German columns and flares to illuminate the enemy to find suitable targets to attack from the air. The 21st Panzer Division lost five tanks, 40 tank trucks, and 84 other vehicles destroyed. Thus, it was not until 9 June 1944 that Rommel was able to muster his forces.
404:
later confirmed that Dollmann had a much better understanding of the use of armored troops than was previously supposed. History was soon to prove that the German defenses were inadequate to repulse the massive and highly coordinated assault which took place on 6 June 1944.
388:'s scrutiny in December 1943 did Dollmann begin decisive and feverish construction to improve French coastal fortifications. But it was too late. Dollmann's chief of staff claimed that efforts to strengthen the defensive section were not supported by the higher leadership.
434:
On 5 June 1944, under the cover of darkness, the invasion at Normandy began. By nightfall June 6, up to 130,000 troops and 20,000 Allied tanks were ashore under a curtain of naval bombardment. On Dollmann's orders, a series of mapping war games had been underway in
421:
Several days prior to the invasion, the Germans received intelligence reports about the activities occurring across the channel. Deception measures by the Allied intelligence services kept the Germans convinced that the attack would occur near Norway or close to
418:. The fortifications were inconsistent, with some sections well-constructed while other sections left much to be desired. Also, the ability to direct fire and the capability to deliver firepower along the varying portions of shoreline were equally unreliable.
459:
the meantime, the German High Command issued orders for Rommel and Rundstedt to launch a massive armored counterattack against an Allied force of "929,000 men, 177,000 vehicles, and 586,000 tons of materiel", an order which was impossible to obey.
357:, neglecting the coastal defenses of France in the process. Rundstedt believed that the best strategy was to allow the Allies to land, build up their forces, and wait for them to advance inland. The Germans could then destroy the Allies in
255:. There is also evidence that he demanded that all his officers should fully support the Nazi Party and admonished them to adjust their opinions accordingly; he even insisted that his officers' wives should actively participate in the
430:
at Berchtesgaden, nor was it forwarded to Dollmann's 7th Army. It is doubtful whether this would have led to a redistribution of forces, since Hitler remained convinced that the main Allied attack would occur at Pas de Calais.
265:
in their offices and in the mess hall instead of pictures of the Kaiser. In 1937, Dollmann harangued Catholic chaplains for not being fervent enough in their support of the Nazi regime, telling them that as members of the
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Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des
1366:
The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal
2036:
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Mountains – an action which was followed by a French surrender. Hitler rewarded the participating generals with promotions for their part in this mission, including Dollmann, who thereby attained the rank of
395:
Nevertheless, Dollmann was considered an experienced commander; there was no reason to think him incapable. Supporting this notion was an Allied report which identified Dollmann as an "expert in defense".
392:
mirrored in his diminishing knowledge of battlefield tactics and the importance of air superiority – all of which made him under-prepared for the imminent Allied invasion of Normandy on D-Day.
240:
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maneuvers as they attempted to make their way deeper into France. This way, the Germans would be well out of the range of Allied naval guns and could easily secure an advantage.
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202:
Once this assignment was completed, Dollmann served in the central office of the General Staff. Starting 1 October 1919, he worked as a staff officer in the newly created
414:
considered troop deficiencies, Rundstedt thought it ludicrous to scatter the German troops so thinly along the French coast, and disagreed with Rommel's ideas for the
1233:
Die Generale des Heeres 1921–1945. Die militärischen Werdegänge der Generale, sowie der Ärzte, Veterinäre, Intendanten, Richter und Ministerialbeamten im Generalsrang
688:
Die Generale des Heeres 1921–1945. Die militärischen Werdegänge der Generale, sowie der Ärzte, Veterinäre, Intendanten, Richter und Ministerialbeamten im Generalsrang
675:
Die Generale des Heeres 1921–1945. Die militärischen Werdegänge der Generale, sowie der Ärzte, Veterinäre, Intendanten, Richter und Ministerialbeamten im Generalsrang
2021:
2031:
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Generalprobe fĂĽr die Beseitigung Rommels. Ist Friedrich Dollmann, der Oberbefehlshaber der 7. Armee, am 28. Juni 1944 auf Weisung Hitlers ermordet worden? (
575:
500:
159:
426:. Although reconnaissance reports as late as 5 June 1944 indicated that something significant was afoot, none of this intelligence was relayed to the
1259:
The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches
1255:
Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile
2046:
285:. Dollmann's only son, who had aspired to the rank of lieutenant in the 15th Infantry Regiment, was killed during the campaign against Poland.
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For four years, Dollmann and Rundstedt did little to fortify the defensive positions along the French coast. Only when his command came under
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2016:
2011:
504:
87:
1471:
217:, commanded the 6th (Prussian) Artillery Regiment from 1 February 1931 in Minden, and rose to the rank of lieutenant general in 1933.
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778:
The defensive line constructed along the western frontier of Germany before World War II. It was also known as the Hindenburg Line.
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199:. In March 1919, he was appointed to the Ministry of Military Affairs and then onto the Peace Commission of the General Staff.
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439:, which meant that Dollmann's corps and division commanders were not with their respective units at the time of the attack.
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1964:
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344:, Dollmann was the only commander of the western campaign who did not see service against the Soviet Union along the
1982:
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Many historians who have analyzed Dollmann's career and life assert that, while he did exhibit on occasion a pro-
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Konventioneller Krieg oder NS-Weltanschauungskrieg. Kriegführung und Partisanenbekämpfung in Frankreich 1943/44
1054:
Konventioneller Krieg oder NS-Weltanschauungskrieg. Kriegführung und Partisanenbekämpfung in Frankreich 1943/44
888:
Konventioneller Krieg oder NS-Weltanschauungskrieg. Kriegführung und Partisanenbekämpfung in Frankreich 1943/44
831:
Konventioneller Krieg oder NS-Weltanschauungskrieg. Kriegführung und Partisanenbekämpfung in Frankreich 1943/44
543:
1228:(Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg), vol. VII. Stuttgart und MĂĽnchen: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt GmbH.
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and bearers of National Socialism, they should always display "a clear and unresolved acknowledgment of the
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Division. He was transferred to the Bavarian General Staff, where on 21 January 1918 he took command of the
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In the wake of the French defeat, Dollmann's 7th Army remained in the West. Along with Field Marshal
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promoted at the end of 1936 to the rank of full general, along with 11 other officers of the twelve
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Hitler’s Commanders: Officers of the Wehrmacht, the Luftwaffe, the Kriegsmarine, and the Waffen-SS
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Hitler's Commanders: Officers of the Wehrmacht, the Luftwaffe, the Kriegsmarine, and the Waffen-SS
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Hitler’s Commanders: Officers of the Wehrmacht, the Luftwaffe, the Kriegsmarine, and the Waffen-SS
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Hitler’s Commanders: Officers of the Wehrmacht, the Luftwaffe, the Kriegsmarine, and the Waffen-SS
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Hitler’s Commanders: Officers of the Wehrmacht, the Luftwaffe, the Kriegsmarine, and the Waffen-SS
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Hitler’s Commanders: Officers of the Wehrmacht, the Luftwaffe, the Kriegsmarine, and the Waffen-SS
818:
Hitler's Commanders: Officers of the Wehrmacht, the Luftwaffe, the Kriegsmarine, and the Waffen-SS
802:
Hitler's Commanders: Officers of the Wehrmacht, the Luftwaffe, the Kriegsmarine, and the Waffen-SS
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Hitler's Commanders: Officers of the Wehrmacht, the Luftwaffe, the Kriegsmarine, and the Waffen-SS
1850:
1688:
1300:
561:
297:
Dollman inspects an artillery observation post that bears his name, near the French border, 1940.
108:
1281:
Cross-Channel Attack. The United States Army in World War II: The European Theater of Operations
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1806:
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1875:
2006:
2001:
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503:. Later, Hitler delivered a laudatory obituary on behalf of Dollmann. He is buried at the
8:
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282:
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119:
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475:. This enraged Hitler and prompted a court-martial investigation from Field Marshal
1952:
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492:
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1771:
1742:
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447:
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1678:
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1573:
476:
306:
1703:
259:. Along similar lines, Dollmann expected his officers to hang pictures of the
1995:
1920:
1885:
1865:
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328:
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Die Abwehr der Invasion. Die Konzeption des Oberbefehlshabers West 1940–1944
1041:
Die Abwehr der Invasion. Die Konzeption des Oberbefehlshabers West 1940–1944
170:(2 February 1882 – 29 June 1944) was a German general during
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overweight, and followed the lead of his immediate superior, Field Marshal
310:
171:
149:
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Die militärische und soziale Herkunft der Generalität des deutschen Heeres
1653:
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52:
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1811:
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516:
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in 1940, Dollmann's assignment placed him at the southern edge of the
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468:
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32:
261:
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attitude, he was not a committed Nazi. On the other hand, historian
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fell on 26 June 1944 when it was surrendered by Lieutenant General
2037:
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
1305:
Tagebuchaufzeichnungen und Lagebeurteilungen aus zwei Weltkriegen
910:(Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg), vol. vii, p. 521.
767:
Tagebuchaufzeichnungen und Lagebeurteilungen aus zwei Weltkriegen
72:
442:
Dollmann tried to organize an immediate counter-attack with the
1325:
The Desert Fox in Normandy: Rommel's Defense of Fortress Europe
1067:
The Desert Fox in Normandy: Rommel's Defense of Fortress Europe
1002:
The Desert Fox in Normandy: Rommel's Defense of Fortress Europe
436:
423:
322:
76:
1958:
1369:] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag.
1307:. Edited by Georg Meyer. Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt.
277:
On 25 August 1939, Dollmann was elevated to commander of the
252:
499:
were present. On the same day, he received posthumously the
1224:
Boog, Horst, Gerhard Krebs, and Detlef Vogel eds., (2001).
487:. Hitler relieved Rundstedt of command a short time later.
236:
1385:
Sword and Swastika: Generals and Nazis in the Third Reich
702:
Sword and Swastika: Generals and Nazis in the Third Reich
1290:. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, U.S. Army.
1123:
Deutsches Soldatenjahrbuch (German soldier's yearbook).
983:
981:
873:
Max Pemsel (1974). Generaloberst Friedrich Dollmann in
1399:] (in German). OsnabrĂĽck, Germany: Biblio-Verlag.
902:, "Deutsche und alliierte KriegfĂĽhrung im Westen", in
856:
854:
852:
812:
810:
532:
Prinz-Regent-Luitpold Jubiläums-Medaille mit der Krone
16:
General during World War II who commanded the 7th Army
1936:
1261:] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas.
643:
641:
639:
2052:
Burials at Champigny-Saint-André German war cemetery
2042:
Recipients of the clasp to the Iron Cross, 1st class
978:
849:
807:
546:, 4th Class with Swords (Bavaria, 16 November 1914)
1334:. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
636:
1993:
1191:
1189:
576:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
501:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
160:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
2022:Colonel generals of the German Army (Wehrmacht)
2032:Military personnel from the Kingdom of Bavaria
1397:The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 1: A–K
1267:History of the German General Staff, 1657–1945
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
989:History of the German General Staff, 1657–1945
947:History of the German General Staff, 1657–1945
1472:
1186:
281:. Just under a week later Hitler ordered the
1161:
1479:
1465:
1393:Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 1: A–K
1252:
1128:
609:
607:
321:, encircling 400,000 French troops in the
31:
1330:Mitcham, Samuel and Gene Mueller (2012).
1276:. MĂĽnchen: C.H. Beck Verlagsbuchhandlung.
1274:Die Bayerische Kriegsakademie (1867–1914)
662:Die Bayerische Kriegsakademie (1867–1914)
530:Prince Regent Luitpold Medal with Crown (
505:Champigny-Saint-André German war cemetery
88:Champigny-Saint-André German war cemetery
1358:
363:
292:
1417:. Freiburg im Breisgau: Rombach Verlag.
1348:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
1297:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
1235:. Vol. 3. Osnabrück: Dahlmann–Fitzlaff.
625:
623:
604:
550:Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918
491:last chief of staff Lieutenant General
335:
1994:
1390:
1341:. Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt.
1111:
591:and commander-in-chief of the 7. Armee
584:and commander in chief of the 7. Armee
462:
2047:Lieutenant generals of the Reichswehr
1460:
1269:. Boulder and London: Westview Press.
368:Dollmann (left) in conversation with
288:
2027:German Army personnel of World War I
2017:German Army generals of World War II
1965:
906:, Gerhard Krebs, Detlef Vogel eds.,
620:
208:Group Command IV of the Provisional
1327:. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
1226:Das Deutsche Reich in der Defensive
908:Das Deutsche Reich in der Defensive
633:, pp. 241–242. Penguin Books, 2004.
587:518th Oak Leaves on 1 July 1944 as
13:
1351:Preradovich, Nikolaus von (1978).
1253:Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) .
1145:Nr. 191. (19. August 2003). S. 33.
580:Knight's Cross on 24 June 1940 as
14:
2063:
1283:, 1951. Reprint, Washington, D.C.
1119:Generaloberst Friedrich Dollmann.
257:National Socialist Women's League
2012:Military personnel from WĂĽrzburg
1974:
1946:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1442:August 25, 1939 – June 28, 1944
1108:, p. 425. Stackpole Books, 2005.
617:, p. 163. Dell Publishing, 1997.
118:
1387:. New York: Barnes & Noble.
1217:Barnett, Correlli, ed. (2003).
1211:
1198:
1177:
1148:
1143:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung.
1098:
1085:
1072:
1059:
1046:
1033:
1020:
1007:
994:
965:
952:
939:
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893:
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836:
823:
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781:
772:
759:
746:
733:
220:
1154:Mitcham & Mueller (2012).
1078:Mitcham & Mueller (2012).
1026:Mitcham & Mueller (2012).
860:Mitcham & Mueller (2012).
842:Mitcham & Mueller (2012).
816:Mitcham & Mueller (2012).
800:Mitcham & Mueller (2012).
720:
707:
693:
680:
667:
654:
647:Mitcham & Mueller (2012).
189:
186:until his death in June 1944.
168:Friedrich Karl Albert Dollmann
1:
1337:MĂĽller, Klaus-JĂĽrgen (1969).
1238:Brett-Smith, Richard (1976).
522:2nd Class (18 September 1914)
1279:Harrison, George A. (1970).
1231:Bradley, Dermot ed. (1994).
597:
567:2nd Class (11 December 1939)
556:Wehrmacht Long Service Award
525:1st Class (22 February 1916)
182:and the early phases of the
7:
1589:Kurt von Hammerstein-Equord
1355:. OsnabrĂĽck: Biblio-Verlag.
184:Allied invasion of Normandy
10:
2068:
1295:Hitler: 1936–1945, Nemesis
1245:Evans, Richard J. (2010).
973:Hitler: 1936–1945, Nemesis
875:Deutsches Soldatenjahrbuch
789:Hitler: 1936–1945, Nemesis
473:Karl-Wilhelm von Schlieben
402:Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg
1904:
1861:Hans-Georg von Friedeburg
1825:
1741:
1715:
1684:Eugen Ritter von Schobert
1503:
1444:
1434:
1428:
1423:
1317:. MĂĽnchen: R. Oldenbourg.
1286:Harrison, Gordon (1993).
1265:Goerlitz, Walter (1985).
1242:. London: Presidio Press.
765:Wilhelm von Leeb (1976).
570:1st Class (10 March 1940)
510:
155:
141:
131:
114:
102:
94:
82:
62:
39:
30:
23:
1699:Heinrich von Vietinghoff
1554:Nikolaus von Falkenhorst
1413:WegmĂĽller, Hans (1986).
1383:Taylor, Telford (1995).
1221:. New York: Grove Press.
1183:Fellgiebel 2000, p. 163.
408:
1359:Scherzer, Veit (2007).
1344:Overy, Richard (1997).
1204:Fellgiebel 2000, p. 85.
1135:Johann Georg ReiĂźmĂĽller
562:Clasp to the Iron Cross
1649:Eberhard von Mackensen
1391:Thomas, Franz (1997).
1272:Hackl, Othmar (1989).
1247:The Third Reich at War
1195:Scherzer 2007, p. 277.
960:The Third Reich at War
690:, Vol. 3, pp. 177–179.
582:General der Artillerie
377:
298:
274:, State, and People!"
1529:Hans-JĂĽrgen von Arnim
1293:Kershaw, Ian (2001).
686:Bradley ed., (1994).
673:Bradley ed., (1994).
540:, 2nd Class (Bavaria)
446:. Lieutenant General
372:(2nd from right) and
367:
319:Panzer Group Guderian
296:
1907:Oberst-GruppenfĂĽhrer
1659:Georg-Hans Reinhardt
1288:Cross-Channel Attack
1249:. New York: Penguin.
1174:Thomas 1997, p. 127.
1013:Brett-Smith (1976).
921:Cross-Channel Attack
752:Brett-Smith (1976).
713:Brett-Smith (1976).
631:Decision in Normandy
544:Military Merit Order
444:21st Panzer Division
336:Occupation of France
1807:Hans-JĂĽrgen Stumpff
1539:Johannes Blaskowitz
1339:Das Heer und Hitler
741:Das Heer und Hitler
728:Das Heer und Hitler
538:Service Award Cross
467:The French port of
463:Cherbourg and death
342:Erwin von Witzleben
332:(colonel general).
315:1st Panzer Division
251:authorities of the
241:Klaus-JĂĽrgen MĂĽller
1961:Friedrich Dollmann
1876:Alfred Saalwächter
1629:Hans-Valentin Hube
1619:Karl-Adolf Hollidt
1564:Werner von Fritsch
1549:Friedrich Dollmann
1447:Waffen SS General
1346:Why the Allies Won
1039:WegmĂĽller (1986).
934:Why the Allies Won
558:, 4th to 1st Class
552:(21 December 1934)
378:
355:Gerd von Rundstedt
303:invasion of France
299:
289:Invasion of France
283:invasion of Poland
180:Invasion of France
174:who commanded the
25:Friedrich Dollmann
1934:
1933:
1871:Wilhelm Marschall
1599:Gotthard Heinrici
1559:Johannes FrieĂźner
1455:
1454:
1445:Succeeded by
1424:Military offices
1406:978-3-7648-2299-6
1376:978-3-938845-17-2
1301:Leeb, Wilhelm von
1240:Hitler's Generals
1219:Hitler’s Generals
1093:Hitler’s Generals
1015:Hitler's Generals
987:Goerlitz (1985).
945:Goerlitz (1985).
919:Harrison (1993).
754:Hitler's Generals
715:Hitler's Generals
677:, Vol. 3, p. 178.
534:) (Bavaria, 1905)
398:Panzer Group West
370:Edgar Feuchtinger
165:
164:
2059:
1987:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1967:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1942:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1674:Hans von Salmuth
1493:General Admirals
1489:Colonel Generals
1481:
1474:
1467:
1458:
1457:
1429:Preceded by
1421:
1420:
1410:
1380:
1262:
1205:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1184:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1159:
1152:
1146:
1132:
1126:
1115:
1109:
1102:
1096:
1091:Barnett (2003).
1089:
1083:
1076:
1070:
1065:Mitcham (1997).
1063:
1057:
1050:
1044:
1037:
1031:
1024:
1018:
1011:
1005:
1000:Mitcham (1997).
998:
992:
985:
976:
971:Kershaw (2001).
969:
963:
956:
950:
943:
937:
930:
924:
917:
911:
897:
891:
884:
878:
871:
865:
858:
847:
840:
834:
827:
821:
814:
805:
798:
792:
787:Kershaw (2001).
785:
779:
776:
770:
763:
757:
750:
744:
737:
731:
724:
718:
711:
705:
697:
691:
684:
678:
671:
665:
658:
652:
645:
634:
627:
618:
611:
493:Max-Josef Pemsel
348:. The historian
249:
122:
104:
69:
49:
47:
35:
21:
20:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2056:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1966:sister projects
1963:at Knowledge's
1957:
1947:
1945:
1937:
1935:
1930:
1910:
1900:
1891:Walter Warzecha
1881:Otto Schniewind
1846:Conrad Albrecht
1835:
1829:
1827:General Admiral
1821:
1772:Hans Jeschonnek
1751:
1745:
1743:Colonel General
1737:
1713:
1664:Lothar Rendulic
1644:Georg Lindemann
1569:Friedrich Fromm
1513:
1507:
1505:Colonel General
1499:
1485:
1451:
1441:
1432:
1407:
1377:
1321:Mitcham, Samuel
1214:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1162:
1153:
1149:
1133:
1129:
1116:
1112:
1103:
1099:
1090:
1086:
1077:
1073:
1064:
1060:
1051:
1047:
1038:
1034:
1025:
1021:
1012:
1008:
999:
995:
986:
979:
970:
966:
957:
953:
944:
940:
931:
927:
918:
914:
898:
894:
885:
881:
872:
868:
859:
850:
841:
837:
828:
824:
815:
808:
799:
795:
786:
782:
777:
773:
764:
760:
751:
747:
739:MĂĽller (1969).
738:
734:
726:MĂĽller (1969).
725:
721:
712:
708:
698:
694:
685:
681:
672:
668:
659:
655:
646:
637:
628:
621:
612:
605:
600:
513:
465:
448:Fritz Bayerlein
411:
338:
309:, opposite the
291:
243:
223:
192:
148:
90:
71:
67:
51:
50:2 February 1882
45:
43:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2065:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1989:
1988:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1832:Generaladmiral
1823:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1792:Alexander Löhr
1789:
1784:
1782:GĂĽnther Korten
1779:
1774:
1769:
1767:Ulrich Grauert
1764:
1758:
1756:
1739:
1738:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1679:Rudolf Schmidt
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1634:Erwin Jaenecke
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1574:Heinz Guderian
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1520:
1518:
1501:
1500:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1461:
1453:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1411:
1405:
1388:
1381:
1375:
1362:Bundesarchives
1356:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1328:
1318:
1308:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1197:
1185:
1176:
1160:
1147:
1127:
1110:
1097:
1084:
1082:, pp. 124–125.
1071:
1058:
1045:
1032:
1019:
1006:
993:
977:
964:
958:Evans (2010).
951:
938:
932:Overy (1997).
925:
923:, pp. 269–335.
912:
892:
879:
866:
848:
846:, pp. 122–123.
835:
822:
806:
804:, pp. 121–122.
793:
780:
771:
758:
756:, pp. 102–103.
745:
732:
730:, pp. 193–202.
719:
706:
692:
679:
666:
660:Hackl (1989).
653:
635:
619:
602:
601:
599:
596:
595:
594:
593:
592:
585:
573:
572:
571:
568:
559:
553:
547:
541:
535:
528:
527:
526:
523:
512:
509:
477:Wilhelm Keitel
464:
461:
410:
407:
384:Field Marshal
337:
334:
307:Siegfried Line
290:
287:
222:
219:
191:
188:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
116:
112:
111:
106:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
86:
84:
80:
79:
70:(aged 62)
64:
60:
59:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2064:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1985:
1984:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1962:
1954:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1921:Sepp Dietrich
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1886:Otto Schultze
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1866:Oskar Kummetz
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1851:Hermann Boehm
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1797:GĂĽnther RĂĽdel
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1787:Bruno Loerzer
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1777:Alfred Keller
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1749:
1748:Generaloberst
1744:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1710:
1709:Kurt Zeitzler
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1694:Karl Strecker
1692:
1690:
1689:Adolf Strauss
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1669:Richard Ruoff
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1614:Erich Hoepner
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1511:
1510:Generaloberst
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1450:
1440:
1439:
1436:Commander of
1427:
1422:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1201:
1192:
1190:
1180:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1157:
1151:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1107:
1101:
1094:
1088:
1081:
1075:
1068:
1062:
1055:
1052:Lieb (2007).
1049:
1042:
1036:
1029:
1023:
1016:
1010:
1003:
997:
990:
984:
982:
974:
968:
961:
955:
948:
942:
935:
929:
922:
916:
909:
905:
901:
896:
889:
886:Lieb (2007).
883:
876:
870:
863:
857:
855:
853:
845:
839:
832:
829:Lieb (2007).
826:
819:
813:
811:
803:
797:
790:
784:
775:
768:
762:
755:
749:
742:
736:
729:
723:
716:
710:
703:
696:
689:
683:
676:
670:
663:
657:
650:
644:
642:
640:
632:
626:
624:
616:
615:Steel Inferno
613:Reynolds, M:
610:
608:
603:
590:
589:Generaloberst
586:
583:
579:
578:
577:
574:
569:
566:
565:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
533:
529:
524:
521:
520:
518:
515:
514:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
460:
456:
452:
449:
445:
440:
438:
432:
429:
425:
419:
417:
416:Atlantic Wall
406:
403:
399:
393:
389:
387:
383:
376:, France 1944
375:
371:
366:
362:
360:
356:
351:
347:
346:Eastern Front
343:
333:
331:
330:
329:Generaloberst
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
295:
286:
284:
280:
275:
273:
269:
264:
263:
258:
254:
247:
242:
238:
233:
231:
230:
218:
216:
211:
207:
206:
200:
198:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
161:
158:
154:
151:
147:
144:
140:
137:
134:
130:
127:
126:
125:Generaloberst
121:
117:
113:
110:
107:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
78:
74:
65:
61:
58:
54:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1986:from Commons
1981:
1960:
1926:Paul Hausser
1905:
1896:Karl Witzell
1838:Kriegsmarine
1831:
1817:Hubert Weise
1802:Kurt Student
1762:Otto DeĂźloch
1747:
1624:Hermann Hoth
1609:Carl Hilpert
1604:Walter Heitz
1584:Franz Halder
1548:
1544:Eduard Dietl
1524:Wilhelm Adam
1509:
1497:Nazi Germany
1449:Paul Hausser
1435:
1414:
1396:
1392:
1384:
1365:
1360:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1314:
1304:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1258:
1254:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1212:Bibliography
1200:
1179:
1155:
1150:
1142:
1138:
1130:
1122:
1118:
1117:Max Pemsel:
1113:
1105:
1100:
1092:
1087:
1079:
1074:
1066:
1061:
1053:
1048:
1040:
1035:
1027:
1022:
1014:
1009:
1001:
996:
988:
972:
967:
959:
954:
946:
941:
933:
928:
920:
915:
907:
900:Detlef Vogel
895:
890:, pp. 86–87.
887:
882:
874:
869:
861:
843:
838:
833:, pp. 87–88.
830:
825:
817:
801:
796:
788:
783:
774:
766:
761:
753:
748:
740:
735:
727:
722:
714:
709:
701:
695:
687:
682:
674:
669:
661:
656:
648:
630:
614:
531:
497:Hugo Sperrle
489:
481:Paul Hausser
466:
457:
453:
441:
433:
420:
412:
394:
390:
386:Erwin Rommel
382:Army Group B
379:
374:Erwin Rommel
339:
327:
311:Maginot Line
300:
276:
271:
260:
234:
227:
224:
221:Interwar era
214:
209:
203:
201:
193:
172:World War II
167:
166:
150:World War II
142:Battles/wars
123:
68:(1944-06-29)
66:29 June 1944
18:
2007:1944 deaths
2002:1882 births
1704:Walter WeiĂź
1654:Erhard Raus
1639:Alfred Jodl
1594:Josef Harpe
1534:Ludwig Beck
1311:Lieb, Peter
1106:The 12th SS
629:D'Este, C:
301:During the
244: [
190:World War I
178:during the
146:World War I
109:German Army
1996:Categories
1856:Rolf Carls
1812:Ernst Udet
1579:Curt Haase
1104:Meyer, H:
904:Horst Boog
517:Iron Cross
400:Commander
359:blitzkrieg
350:Peter Lieb
229:Wehrkreise
215:Reichswehr
210:Reichswehr
205:Reichswehr
95:Allegiance
46:1882-02-02
1953:Biography
1913:Waffen-SS
1754:Luftwaffe
1158:, p. 125.
1095:, p. 200.
1069:, p. 142.
1056:, p. 421.
1043:, p. 244.
1030:, p. 124.
1017:, p. 104.
991:, p. 458.
975:, p. 638.
962:, p. 623.
949:, p. 454.
936:, p. 155.
864:, p. 123.
820:, p. 122.
791:, p. 265.
769:, p. 182.
743:, p. 193.
717:, p. 102.
704:, p. 107.
664:, p. 424.
651:, p. 120.
598:Citations
485:Waffen-SS
469:Cherbourg
268:Wehrmacht
1438:7. Armee
1367:Archives
1323:(1997).
1313:(2007).
1303:(1976).
1004:, p. 64.
877:, p. 19.
279:7th Army
197:6th Army
176:7th Army
136:7th Army
132:Commands
103:Service/
53:WĂĽrzburg
1911:of the
1836:of the
1752:of the
1514:of the
1487:German
1125:(1974).
564:(1939)
519:(1914)
483:of the
98:Germany
73:Le Mans
57:Germany
1939:Portal
1403:
1373:
511:Awards
437:Rennes
424:Calais
323:Vosges
272:FĂĽhrer
262:FĂĽhrer
156:Awards
105:branch
83:Buried
77:France
1983:Media
1395:[
1364:[
1257:[
409:D-Day
253:NSDAP
248:]
1516:Army
1491:and
1431:none
1401:ISBN
1371:ISBN
1141:In:
1121:In:
237:Nazi
115:Rank
63:Died
40:Born
1495:of
428:OKW
317:of
1998::
1188:^
1163:^
1137::
980:^
851:^
809:^
638:^
622:^
606:^
507:.
246:de
232:.
75:,
55:,
1969::
1941::
1834:)
1830:(
1750:)
1746:(
1512:)
1508:(
1480:e
1473:t
1466:v
1409:.
1379:.
48:)
44:(
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