134:
101:
40:
146:
115:
734:
275:
The
Corsican forces, having neither the willpower nor the manpower to resist the French, surrendered the island. After the Corsican defeat, France annexed the island, although they took a year consolidating the territory as many Corsicans took to the hills and engaged in
476:
in the world, and attempted radical reforms in education. Because of
Britain's enmity of France, and because the British had historically been supportive of Corsican exiles — Paoli sought to establish an alliance with Great Britain. Britain opened a
430:
in
October 1768. France therefore dispatched large numbers of reinforcements, swelling the size of their army on the island to 24,000 men, and tasked a new commander with the renewal of the endeavor. The Corsican army was decisively defeated at the
374:
was written in
Italian (the language of culture in Corsica until the middle of the 19th century) by Paoli. Despite four decades of intense fighting, the Corsican Republic proved unable to eject the Genoese from the major coastal fortresses of
435:
and the French forces soon overran the island although
Corsican forces were not ever subdued until the following year and sporadic outbreaks of rebellion continued. French control was consolidated over the island, and in 1770 it became a
326:
since 1284. In the 18th century, Corsicans started to develop their own nationalism and seek their independence from
Genoese rule. In 1729, the Corsican Revolution for independence from Genoa began, first led by
556:) active on the island calling for some degree of Corsican autonomy from France or even full independence. Some groups that claim to support Corsican independence, such as the
520:, Napoleon gradually turned his loyalties towards the whole of France, serving in the French Army. He went on to become ruler of mainland France, adopted the ideals of the
693:
468:
in
British politics. Although they sent secret aid to the Corsicans, the British government chose not to act to prevent the island's occupation. Paoli created a liberal
179:
546:
To this day, some
Corsican nationalists advocate the restoration of the island's republic. There are several groups and two nationalist parties (the autonomist
796:
667:
516:
joined the local resistance and fought against the French to maintain independence, even when Maria was pregnant with him. Although raised as a
172:
564:
since the 1970s that includes bombings and assassinations, usually targeting buildings and officials representing the French government.
17:
426:
France's first offensive failed after the initial and rather small French expeditionary force suffered a significant setback at the
165:
489:
allowed him to return to
Corsica. British troops subsequently intervened in Corsica between 1794 and 1796, where they created the
680:
623:
481:
on the island, but events in
Corsica did not feature prominently in Britain until 1768. The leader of the Corsican Republic,
801:
593:
557:
781:
260:. Marching inland to overcome any Corsican opposition, the French force initially suffered an unexpected defeat at the
304:
was established, with Paoli as its ruler. On 19 October 1796, the French reconquered Corsica and it became a French
399:
339:(plus an ephemeral attempt to proclaim in 1736 an independent Kingdom of Corsica under the German adventurer
403:
791:
786:
297:
508:
was born on Corsica in 1769, he automatically became a natural-born French citizen. Both his parents
348:
285:
410:
sent a military expedition to Corsica to secure French rule over the island, under the command of
811:
806:
380:
367:
was proclaimed in 1755 under the leadership of Pasquale Paoli and remained sovereign until 1769.
603:
513:
509:
490:
301:
293:
469:
371:
306:
225:
578:
541:
517:
432:
269:
208:
398:, exhausted by forty years of fighting, decided to sell the island to France which, after
8:
437:
415:
340:
268:, was appointed to lead the expedition, and decisively defeated the Corsican army at the
249:
504:
The invasion and occupation had even more profound consequences for France itself. When
505:
498:
407:
391:
376:
649:
561:
537:
521:
486:
441:
395:
364:
360:
336:
323:
257:
245:
233:
119:
106:
65:
573:
494:
445:
277:
694:
Corsican nationalism: its origins, construction and evolution in the French contex
598:
525:
465:
449:
427:
328:
261:
203:
402:, was trying to reinforce its position in the Mediterranean. In 1768, with the
668:
Il Mediterraneo dei lumi: Corsica e democrazia nella stagione delle rivoluzioni
583:
552:
482:
406:, the Genoese republic ceded all its rights on the island. The very same year,
344:
332:
289:
281:
241:
150:
775:
653:
588:
411:
265:
237:
157:
138:
229:
39:
637:
501:
control of the islands were returned to the restored French monarchs.
478:
472:
heavily influenced by that of Britain. He created the most extensive
356:
473:
248:. The expedition was launched in May 1768, in the aftermath of the
453:
387:
352:
319:
253:
272:
in 1769, effectively bringing an end to Corsican resistance.
528:
that devastated much of Europe and changed it permanently.
252:. A French expeditionary force was landed on the island of
638:"The Corsican Constitution of Pasquale Paoli (1755-1769)"
485:, went into exile in Britain where he remained until the
296:. Corsica remained under French rule until 1794, when an
288:, where he was immensely popular, and became a member of
707:
Le français et les langues historiques de la France
448:) has gradually declined in favour of the standard
766:The Ungovernable Rock: The Anglo-Corsican Kingdom
773:
331:and Giacinto Paoli, and later by Paoli's son,
187:
173:
735:Paoli, la Révolution Corse et les Lumières
635:
180:
166:
335:. After 26 years of struggle against the
300:captured Corsica from the French and the
444:(a regional language closely related to
97:
81:Corsica annexed by the Kingdom of France
452:. Italian was the official language of
44:A depiction of the battle of Ponte Novu
14:
774:
797:Military history of the Ancien RĂ©gime
161:
768:. Associated University Press, 1985.
712:
709:, Éditions Jean-Paul Gisserot, p.113
594:National Liberation Front of Corsica
558:National Liberation Front of Corsica
440:of France. Under France, the use of
493:, and in 1814 when they agreed the
24:
733:François Quastana,Victor Monnier:
464:The French invasion triggered the
400:its defeat in the Seven Years' War
25:
823:
761:. Harvard University Press, 2005.
718:
240:, against Corsican forces under
144:
132:
113:
99:
38:
744:
459:
386:After the Corsican conquest of
351:, which at the time ruled over
727:
699:
686:
673:
660:
629:
616:
524:as his own, and triggered the
13:
1:
642:The English Historical Review
609:
313:
721:Three Victories and a Defeat
636:Carrington, Dorothy (1973).
7:
802:Military history of Corsica
752:European Warfare, 1660-1815
567:
421:
404:Treaty of Versailles (1768)
343:, who was supported by the
264:. But a new commander, the
10:
828:
782:French conquest of Corsica
759:Napoleon: A Political Life
535:
222:French conquest of Corsica
191:French conquest of Corsica
33:French conquest of Corsica
18:French Conquest of Corsica
531:
298:Anglo-Corsican expedition
199:
125:
91:
48:
37:
32:
562:ongoing violent campaign
390:, a small island of the
349:Kingdom of Great Britain
56:15 May 1768 – 9 May 1769
705:Abalain, Hervé, (2007)
604:Anglo-Corsican Kingdom
514:Maria Letizia Ramolino
510:Carlo Maria Buonaparte
491:Anglo-Corsican Kingdom
322:had been ruled by the
302:Anglo-Corsican Kingdom
126:Commanders and leaders
560:, have carried out a
470:Corsican Constitution
372:Corsican Constitution
666:Fabrizio Dal Passo:
579:Corsican nationalism
542:Corsican nationalism
518:Corsican nationalist
433:Battle of Ponte Novu
280:against the French.
270:Battle of Ponte Novu
256:, then ruled by the
550:and the separatist
414:, a veteran of the
363:), the independent
341:Theodor von Neuhoff
764:Gregory, Desmond.
754:. UCL Press, 1994.
681:History of Corsica
624:History of Corsica
506:Napoleon Bonaparte
499:Congress of Vienna
392:Tuscan Archipelago
792:Conflicts in 1769
787:Conflicts in 1768
757:Englund, Steven.
626:, chapters XI-XII
538:Corsican conflict
522:French Revolution
487:French Revolution
396:Republic of Genoa
365:Corsican Republic
361:Mediterranean Sea
337:Republic of Genoa
324:Republic of Genoa
258:Corsican Republic
246:Corsican Republic
234:Kingdom of France
224:was a successful
217:
216:
156:
155:
120:Corsican Republic
87:
86:
27:French expedition
16:(Redirected from
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710:
703:
697:
690:
684:
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671:
664:
658:
657:
648:(348): 481–503.
633:
627:
620:
574:Treaty of Bastia
497:. Following the
495:Treaty of Bastia
474:voting franchise
416:Seven Years' War
278:guerilla warfare
250:Seven Years' War
194:
192:
182:
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168:
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49:
42:
30:
29:
21:
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820:
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772:
771:
750:Black, Jeremy.
747:
742:
741:
737:, pages 115-116
732:
728:
717:
713:
704:
700:
692:Amélie Houdet:
691:
687:
678:
674:
665:
661:
634:
630:
621:
617:
612:
599:Corsican Crisis
570:
544:
534:
526:Napoleonic Wars
466:Corsican Crisis
462:
450:French language
428:Battle of Borgo
424:
394:, in 1767, the
329:Luiggi Giafferi
316:
262:Battle of Borgo
218:
213:
195:
190:
188:
186:
145:
143:
133:
131:
114:
112:
100:
98:
77:French victory
68:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
825:
815:
814:
812:1769 in France
809:
807:1768 in France
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
770:
769:
762:
755:
746:
743:
740:
739:
726:
711:
698:
685:
683:, chapter XIII
672:
659:
628:
614:
613:
611:
608:
607:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
584:Pasquale Paoli
581:
576:
569:
566:
553:Corsica Libera
548:Femu a Corsica
533:
530:
483:Pasquale Paoli
461:
458:
423:
420:
345:Dutch Republic
333:Pasquale Paoli
318:The island of
315:
312:
290:Samuel Johnson
282:Pasquale Paoli
242:Pasquale Paoli
215:
214:
212:
211:
206:
200:
197:
196:
185:
184:
177:
170:
162:
154:
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151:Pasquale Paoli
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35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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647:
643:
639:
632:
625:
619:
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605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
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589:Comte de Vaux
587:
585:
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467:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
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429:
419:
417:
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412:Comte de Vaux
409:
408:King Louis XV
405:
401:
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309:
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299:
295:
291:
287:
286:Great Britain
283:
279:
273:
271:
267:
266:Comte de Vaux
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
238:Comte de Vaux
235:
231:
230:French forces
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223:
210:
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201:
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139:Comte de Vaux
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96:
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72:
71:
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63:
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41:
36:
31:
19:
765:
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745:Bibliography
729:
720:
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688:
679:L.H. Caird:
675:
662:
645:
641:
631:
622:L.H. Caird:
618:
551:
547:
545:
503:
463:
460:Consequences
456:until 1859.
425:
385:
369:
317:
305:
274:
221:
219:
189:
92:Belligerents
76:
307:département
294:dining club
776:Categories
696:t, page 7
610:References
536:See also:
314:Background
226:expedition
209:Ponte Novu
670:, page 45
654:0013-8266
479:consulate
381:Bonifacio
370:The 1755
357:Gibraltar
568:See also
442:Corsican
438:province
422:Conquest
347:and the
284:fled to
61:Location
719:Simms,
454:Corsica
446:Italian
388:Capraia
359:in the
353:Menorca
320:Corsica
254:Corsica
244:of the
232:of the
66:Corsica
652:
532:Legacy
236:under
107:France
104:
73:Result
377:Calvi
204:Borgo
650:ISSN
540:and
512:and
379:and
355:and
220:The
53:Date
292:'s
228:by
778::
646:88
644:.
640:.
418:.
383:.
310:.
724:.
656:.
181:e
174:t
167:v
20:)
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