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of 1820 in Spain, made the threat of
Spanish invasion of the RĂo de la Plata recede. The vice-admiral, Lord Cochrane, would succeed in sweeping away the remnants of Spanish naval power in the Pacific Ocean. These events allowed the land forces of General San MartĂn to embark in ValparaĂso, disembark
247:
The parties to the treaty faced ongoing problems which hampered the launch of their liberating campaign. Chile was under imminent threat of further
Spanish invasions, while the United Provinces of the RĂo de la Plata were in turmoil over internal disputes. It was finally negotiated that the bulk of
383:). San MartĂn was allegedly part of the lodge, and he took the Maitland Plan as a blueprint for the movements necessary to defeat the Spanish army in Chile and Peru; he carried on successfully with the last five points of the plan, and thus liberated the southern part of the continent.
430:
The emancipation of PerĂș was to have been a common enterprise by Chile and
Argentina. Argentina, then a loose alliance of provinces, distracted by internal strife and another threat of invasion from Spain, was unable to contribute for the expedition and ordered
427:, as well as Argentine troops. After the invasion and liberation of Chile, they would embark by sea to Peru to eliminate the Spanish presence in that region, since they were considered a big threat for the independence of other Latin Americans countries.
411:(Old Homeland) period, in which the Chilean patriots had governed the majority of the colony and formulated notable reforms to the colonial Spanish diet. After the disaster, the Chilean troops, along with the representatives of the government, fled to
423:, who then concocted a plan of liberation of the South American colonies of the Spanish Empire. The plan would consist of invading Chile with an army composed largely of the remains of the Army of Chile, defeated in
326:
The expedition was not successful in conquering the whole of Peru, and suffered several defeats against the
Royalists in the highlands. The end of the war would only come with the military intervention of
502:
Every expeditionary ship got a painted number so that it could be identified at a distance. There are discrepancies between authors about the names and number and some names of the transports.
347:
375:
According to
Argentine historians like Felipe Pigna and Rodolfo Terragno, JosĂ© de San MartĂn was introduced to the plan during his stay in London in 1811 by members of the
460:
453:
On 20 August 1820 the expedition sailed from
ValparaĂso for Paracas, near Pisco in PerĂș. The escort was provided by the squadron and consisted of the flagship
1201:
205:âthe center of royalist power in South Americaâfrom where royalist expeditions were sent to reconquer the territories lost to the independence fighters.
436:
1083:
201:
to achieve the independence of Peru, and thus consolidate the independence of all former
Spanish-American colonies. It was vital to defeat the
1130:
17:
216:, General San MartĂn determined to achieve the independence of Peru. Accordingly, on February 5, 1819, a treaty was signed between the new
1102:
352:
237:
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197:) was a naval and land military force created in 1820 by the government of Chile in continuation of the plan of the Argentine General
1109:
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874:
On the night of 5 November, Cochrane personally and 240 volunteers wearing white with blue armbands captured the
Spanish frigate
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80:
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41:
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and the campaigns of intermediate ports, and would remain in Peru until its dissolution with the mutiny of 1824 at the
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914:
1176:
1171:
944:
Bernardo O'Higgins: el estado de Chile y el poder naval : en la independencia de los paĂses del sur de AmĂ©rica
549:
1400 boxes of munitions for infantry and artillery, 190 boxes munitions for flamethrowerfor and 8 barrels powder
1087:
311:
The expedition liberated parts of Peru from
Spanish Crown control. It would participate in the expeditions of
1123:
289:
468:
448:
339:
332:
1196:
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224:. The treaty was to create an amphibious, naval, and land military expeditionary force promoted by the
380:
331:. Following the self exile of San Martin in September 1822, and the military defeats under president
257:
979:
27:
Military forces assembled by revolutionary forces during the
Spanish American Wars of Independence
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432:
420:
261:
198:
143:
320:
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439:) and O'Higgins decided that Chile would assume the costs of the Freedom Expedition of PerĂș.
264:
chief of the United Liberation Army of Chile and the former British Naval officer, the Scot,
253:
252:, and then the costs expended were to be borne by the future independent government of Peru.
209:
173:
404:
305:
128:
1014:
981:
The Annual register, or, A view of the history, politics, and literature for the Year 1819
8:
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202:
412:
358:
213:
998:
948:
910:
482:
285:
277:
1045:
Carlos Lopez Urrutia, Historia de la Marina de Chile, Editorial Andrés Bello, 1969,
236:
and consolidating both the sovereignty of the new Republic of Chile and that of the
876:
296:
190:
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1021:
400:
379:: a Freemasonic Lodge founded by Francisco de Miranda and Scottish Lord MacDuff (
150:
93:
765:
960 boxes with weapons, armors and leather goods for infantry and cavalry. 180
638:
100 boxes munition, 190 boxes clothes, 460 sack kekse, 670 bunches jerked beef
342:, the sole remnants of the expeditionary force, were added to the units of the
233:
1165:
474:
416:
376:
335:, the congress decided to send a plea in 1823 for the help of SimĂłn BolĂvar.
328:
120:
975:
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On 8 September 1820 the liberating army disembarked 100 miles southeast of
408:
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1280 boxes musket balls, 1500 boxes supplies of tools and repair shop
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1065:
424:
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280:, on May 19, 1820, was a combined force of units of the restored
103:
857:
Property of Thomas Cochrane, hired out to Chile, Brian Vale,
217:
68:
63:
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229:
361:, which would complete the liberation of Peru in 1824-26.
304:
on September 8, occupy the city of Lima, and proclaim the
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the effort and initial cost would essentially fall on the
284:
along with those elements belonging to the Liberating
1015:
Principales naves de guerra a vela hispanoamericanas.
435:
back to Argentina. San MartĂn choose to disobey (see
871:: of the 4118 soldiers, 4000 of them were Chileans.
510:
1090:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
415:, where they were received by the governor of the
925:
1163:
125:Liberation of Lima and the coastal area of Peru.
506:List of transporters of the Expedition to PerĂș
901:
899:
897:
495:(Lieutenant William Prunier) and the schooner
1202:Battles of the Peruvian War of Independence
1013:We use here the list of Gerardo Etcheverry
894:
880:within the port of Callao. She was renamed
1150:Learn how and when to remove this message
974:See English translation of the Treaty in
884:and commissioned into the Chilean Navy.
527:
522:
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516:
513:
853:
851:
849:
238:United Provinces of the RĂo de la Plata
222:United Provinces of the RĂo de la Plata
81:United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata
14:
1164:
940:
371:Thomas Maitland (British Army officer)
276:, thus named by supreme decree of the
1024:, retrieved on 21. January 2011. The
928:Historia del PerĂș republicano: Tomo 1
467:(Captain William Wilkinson), frigate
114:Spanish American wars of independence
1088:adding citations to reliable sources
1059:
1039:
909:, Cambridge University Press, 1999,
846:
481:(Captain Robert Forster), the brigs
659:hospital, physicians and 200 boxes
24:
997:, I.B. Tauris & Co ltd, 2008,
941:Ugarte, Renato Valenzuela (1999).
25:
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987:
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905:Simon Collier, William F. Sater,
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397:José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa
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313:Juan Antonio Ălvarez de Arenales
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40:
1099:"Liberating Expedition of Peru"
1075:needs additional citations for
442:
195:ExpediciĂłn Libertadora del PerĂș
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348:United Liberation Army of Peru
13:
1:
930:. Lima-PerĂș: IEP. p. 22.
907:A history of Chile, 1808-1994
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491:(Captain Thomas Carter), and
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228:, with the mission of making
187:Liberating Expedition of Peru
35:Liberating Expedition of Peru
947:(in Spanish). Andres Bello.
487:(Captain John Tooker Spry),
290:Peruvian War of Independence
7:
1182:Battles involving Argentina
499:(Lieutenant George Young).
449:First Chilean Navy Squadron
340:Mounted Grenadiers Regiment
10:
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1187:1820 in the Spanish Empire
926:Contreras y Cueto (2016).
446:
421:General JosĂ© de San MartĂn
393:General Captaincy of Chile
391:Between 1812 and 1814 the
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18:Freedom Expedition of PerĂș
381:James Duff, 4th Earl Fife
288:, that had fought in the
258:Supreme Director of Chile
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461:Thomas Sackville Crosbie
407:, putting an end to the
1177:Battles involving Spain
1172:Battles involving Chile
995:Cochrane in the Pacific
859:Cochrane in the Pacific
807:Santa Rosa de Chacabuco
357:, under the command of
274:Liberating Army of Peru
333:JosĂ© de la Riva AgĂŒero
321:second siege of Callao
194:
839:80 horses and fodder
403:, which ended in the
266:Thomas, Lord Cochrane
210:independence of Chile
1084:improve this article
1036:are not in the list.
405:Disaster of Rancagua
315:in the highlands of
306:independence of Peru
129:independence of Peru
528:personnel or cargo
507:
395:was reconquered by
272:. In this way, the
268:, commander of the
250:Government of Chile
232:independent of the
226:government of Chile
203:Viceroyalty of Peru
121:Battle honours
1020:2012-04-28 at the
505:
433:JosĂ© de San MartĂn
308:on July 28, 1821.
262:JosĂ© de San MartĂn
254:Bernardo O'Higgins
212:, achieved at the
199:JosĂ© de San MartĂn
144:JosĂ© de San MartĂn
1197:Conflicts in 1820
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295:The rebellion of
286:Army of the Andes
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958:. Retrieved
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344:Army of Peru
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282:Chilean Army
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960:12 February
463:), frigate
351: [
302:Paracas Bay
270:naval fleet
110:Engagements
1166:Categories
1110:newspapers
984:, page 138
888:References
861:, page 144
796:Santa Rosa
717:PueyrredĂłn
623:Golondrina
511:Ship name
493:PueyrredĂłn
465:San MartĂn
387:Background
369:See also:
135:Commanders
57:Allegiance
1140:June 2007
877:Esmeralda
811:Chacabuco
566:Argentina
497:Moctezuma
484:Galvarino
473:(Captain
456:O'Higgins
242:Argentina
52:1820â1822
1034:Zaragoza
1026:Hercules
1018:Archived
882:Valdivia
750:Mackenna
665:Jerezana
578:Gaditana
534:Potrillo
489:Araucano
425:Rancagua
346:and the
220:and the
162:Insignia
1124:scholar
818:6 guns
790:6 guns
767:quintal
730:Dolores
724:7 guns
685:Minerva
644:Peruana
610:Empresa
593:6 guns
470:Lautaro
413:Mendoza
191:Spanish
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705:Ăguila
524:troops
169:symbol
104:Battle
49:Active
1131:JSTOR
1117:books
1030:Veloz
824:Nancy
775:Perla
517:tons
355:]
256:, as
69:Chile
1103:news
1032:and
999:ISBN
962:2021
949:ISBN
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317:Peru
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185:The
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90:Type
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