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Some historians believe this letter never existed. The rebellion was still going on, and there were several thousand living Vendéan prisoners being held by
Westermann's forces when the letter was supposedly written. The killing of civilians would also have been an explicit violation of the
452:. Following the orders that you gave to me, I crushed the children beneath the horses' hooves, massacred the women who, those at least, will bear no more brigands. I do not have a single prisoner to reproach myself with. I have exterminated them all...
640:
Jean-Clément Martin, Guerre de Vendée, dans l'Encyclopédie Bordas, Histoire de la France et des Français, Paris, Éditions Bordas, 1999, p 2084, et Contre-Révolution, Révolution et Nation en France, 1789-1799,
687:
692:
572:
682:
376:
Westermann distinguished himself by his extraordinary courage, daring maneuvers, and severe treatment of the insurgents. Appointed commander of the vanguard of the
462:
After his victory, in
January 1794 Westermann was summoned to Paris, where, as a friend and partisan of Danton, he was proscribed and sentenced to death by the
311:. After a short imprisonment on a charge of inciting riots in Haguenau, Westermann moved to Paris in May 1792, where he became an ally of revolutionary leader
697:
448:, Republican citizens. It died beneath our free sword, with its women and its children. I have just buried it in the swamps and the woods of
345:
577:
111:
603:
377:
532:
Dictionnaire biographique des généraux et amiraux français de la Révolution et de l'Empire : 1792-1814. Tome 2
352:(21–27 February 1793), but was arrested as an accomplice after the general's defection in April 1793. Denounced by
677:
392:, Westermann was suspended and brought before the National Convention, only recovering his command on 29 August.
595:
319:
169:
667:
396:
333:
201:
249:(5 September 1751 – 5 April 1794) was a French revolutionary and military leader during the
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In a controversial document, the authenticity of which is disputed, Westermann supposedly wrote to the
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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301:. Westermann was an enthusiastic supporter of the French Revolution, and in 1790 became
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348:. He served under Dumouriez in the invasion of the Netherlands, most notably at the
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404:
360:, Westermann succeeded in proving his innocence, and was sent with the rank of
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35:
30:
297:' stables in Paris, then returned to Alsace to work in the city government of
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568:
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136:
581:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 539.
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298:
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French
Republican military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
332:. Afterwards, Westermann rejoined the army and accompanied General
308:
278:
270:
59:
693:
French people executed by guillotine during the French
Revolution
449:
286:
274:
80:
629:
Contre-Révolution, Révolution et Nation en France, 1789-1799
529:
Six, Georges (1934). "WESTERMANN (François-Joseph)".
683:
Republican military leaders of the War in the Vendée
631:, éditions du Seuil, collection Points, 1998, p. 219
649:
470:along with the Dantonist party on 5 April 1794.
344:, and assisted him in his negotiations with the
322:on 10 August 1792, where he commanded a unit of
388:on 3 July. After suffering a defeat at the
269:Westermann was born on 5 September 1751 in
380:on 18 May 1793, he defeated the rebels at
293:. In 1788, he was briefly employed at the
29:
318:Westermann played an leading role in the
698:People of the War of the First Coalition
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550:
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546:
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419:, and in December 1793 annihilated the
399:, Westermann received a command in the
289:in 1767, retiring six years later as a
257:commanders in the initial stage of the
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253:. He is best known as one of the main
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459:Convention's orders to Westermann.
16:French general and political figure
13:
501:
14:
709:
616:Henri Forestier, général à 18 ans
378:Army of the Coasts of La Rochelle
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320:overthrow of the French monarchy
116:
104:
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621:
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596:University of Notre Dame Press
593:A French Genocide: The Vendee.
585:
411:, he defeated the Vendéens at
170:Insurrection of 10 August 1792
1:
618:, Éditions du Choletais, 1996
494:
7:
573:Westermann, François Joseph
489:1921 movie of the same name
403:. Beaten at the battles of
10:
714:
436:Committee of Public Safety
397:Second Battle of Châtillon
384:on 20 June, then captured
336:on his campaigns with the
334:Charles François Dumouriez
247:François Joseph Westermann
202:Second Battle of Châtillon
180:War of the First Coalition
23:François Joseph Westermann
390:First Battle of Châtillon
197:First Battle of Châtillon
175:French Revolutionary Wars
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291:non-commissioned officer
578:Encyclopædia Britannica
421:Catholic and Royal Army
307:of the municipality of
678:French revolutionaries
485:Eduard von Winterstein
464:Revolutionary Tribunal
627:Jean-Clément Martin,
395:After serving in the
328:in the attack on the
277:(today department of
143:Years of service
124:French First Republic
40:Gilles-Louis Chrétien
668:People from Molsheim
366:Revolt in the Vendée
342:Army of the Ardennes
535:. pp. 569–570.
358:National Convention
217:Battle of Granville
473:He is depicted by
362:general of brigade
281:). He enlisted in
212:Battle of Entrames
157:General of brigade
614:Frédéric Augris,
598:, (2003). p. 110
591:Secher, Reynald.
477:in the 1983 film
444:There is no more
429:Battle of Savenay
425:Battle of Le Mans
372:War in the Vendée
346:Duke of Brunswick
338:Army of the North
259:War in the Vendée
255:French Republican
251:French Revolution
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232:Battle of Savenay
227:Battle of Le Mans
192:War in the Vendée
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100:Kingdom of France
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571:, ed. (1911). "
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295:Count of Artois
285:'s regiment of
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70:5 April 1794
38:portrait by
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658:1751 births
468:guillotined
652:Categories
495:References
299:Strasbourg
88:Allegiance
74:1794-04-06
54:1751-09-05
466:. He was
417:Granville
413:Beaupréau
386:Châtillon
382:Parthenay
148:1792–1794
146:1767–1773
427:and the
409:Entrames
340:and the
309:Haguenau
304:greffier
279:Bas-Rhin
271:Molsheim
131:Service/
83:, France
62:, France
60:Molsheim
566::
487:in the
483:and by
450:Savenay
423:at the
356:to the
325:fédérés
287:hussars
72: (
52: (
641:p.218.
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480:Danton
446:Vendée
275:Alsace
133:branch
121:
109:
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81:Paris
600:ISBN
407:and
153:Rank
137:Army
67:Died
47:Born
575:".
261:.
654::
541:^
503:^
491:.
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431:.
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368:.
315:.
273:,
454:"
442:"
76:)
56:)
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