240:, all or nearly all foundation animals may be identified. For example, there are three major foundation sires of the Thoroughbred, and another 24 or 25 minor foundation sires, along with 74 foundation mares. An example of a foundation bloodstock pedigree line within a breed are the Crabbet lines from the
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that resembles that of the original foundation stock, particularly when the modern look of the breed has diverged from the original stock. The word may refer to animals tracing only to a select subset of the oldest foundation bloodlines, particularly when newer breeding has been added that changed
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farm in
England. These animals were bred by the same program for 92 years, were exported worldwide, and had a substantial impact on the breed. Some Arabian breeders today specialize in horses descended only from this breeding program. Similarly, in the
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or of a given bloodline within such. Many modern breeds can be traced to specific, named foundation animals, but a group of animals may be referred to collectively as foundation bloodstock when one distinct population (including both
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and named foundation stock may still permit outside bloodlines, usually from the foundation breeds from which they came, to contribute further to the genetic base of the breed; these thus have at least partially
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In dog breeding, the process of becoming a standardized, officially recognized breed in the United States requires keeping meticulous records for several generations. To facilitate this process, The
236:, may have several. In some cases, particularly with older horse breeds, some or all foundation sires may be unknown. However, in breeds with a well-documented
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The terms for foundation ancestors differ by sex, most commonly "foundation sire" for the father and "foundation dam" for the mother. Depending upon the
169:, there are usually a much smaller number foundation sires than foundation dams. In some cases, named foundation mares are not always identified in old
213:, which still allows limited registration of animals with one Quarter Horse parent and one Thoroughbred parent. Newer breeds, such as many of the
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becomes significant, it can make the new population more vulnerable to extinction. Founder effect can also lead to the development of new species.
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breeds, may have mostly open stud books, where horses that are registered may be of a variety of bloodlines, but must first pass a rigorous
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is older than any written records, the foundation bloodstock is sometimes described by myths or legends, such as the mythical horses of
177:, pedigree families are traced to the tail-female line. Breeds that require that all members trace to specific foundation stock have a
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An example of a breed formed by foundation stock from other breeds, but not necessarily all from named individual animals, is the
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The offspring of genetically dissimilar parents or stock, whether of different species or different breeds are technically called
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74:, the foundation generation is the first set of unrelated parents ("P") to be mated to one another. A first generation
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Genetics and eugenics: a text-book for students of biology and a reference book for animal and plant breeders
112:, where subsequent generations may have less genetic variation than the original population, which leads to
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is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population. It is a special case of
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116:. On one hand, fixed traits are what creates a standardized breed of animal, but if the level of
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157:(FSS), through which breeders can seek to establish full AKC recognition of their new breeds.
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occurs more rapidly on account of a dramatically diminished population size.
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308:"hybrid — definition, examples, related words and more at Wordnik"
126:—Usually describes F1 crosses between two different animal breeds.
434:(9th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education/Benjamin Cummings.
228:, have a single named foundation sire, while others, such as the
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breeds or a group of animals linked to a deliberate and specific
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refers to animals that are the progenitors, or foundation, of a
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The word "foundation" is also sometimes applied to horses of a
278:("The Five"), claimed in legend as the foundation mares of the
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Animals that are the progenitors, or foundation, of a new breed
86:) or filial 1 hybrid, with subsequent generations designated F
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353:"Bottlenecks and founder effects - Understanding Evolution"
209:. An example of a partially open stud book is that of the
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constitute a distinct foundation line within that breed.
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in question, more specialized terms may be used, such as
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for over 60 nascent and experimental breeds, called the
260:, with bloodlines contributed from Thoroughbred and
197:are examples of breeds with a closed stud book.
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332:William Ernest Castle and Gregor Mendel (1922).
173:at all. Conversely, in other cases, such as in
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78:descendant from these parents is called a
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338:. Harvard University Press. p. 101].
489:"Foundation Stock Service® Program Home"
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342:
562:
429:
383:"Ernst Mayr: Genetics and speciation"
264:. In other cases, where a breed or
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357:University of Californat, Berkeley
14:
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539:"Bloodlines of the Breed - AQHA"
200:Some breeds with an established
155:Foundation Stock Service Program
181:and prohibit or strongly limit
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432:Campbell biology, AP edition
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399:10.1093/genetics/167.3.1041
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93:Related concepts include:
224:Some breeds, such as the
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575:Horse breeding and studs
290:the original phenotype.
430:Reece, Jane B. (2011).
185:to other animals. The
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104:that occurs when a new
234:American Quarter Horse
211:American Quarter Horse
175:Thoroughbred breeding
130:Population bottleneck
24:foundation bloodstock
493:American Kennel Club
251:Clay Trotting Horses
242:Crabbet Arabian Stud
147:American Kennel Club
59:for female cats, or
55:for female horses,
518:www.tbheritage.com
514:"Foundation Sires"
219:studbook selection
124:Designer crossbred
72:Mendelian genetics
63:for female dogs.
37:selective breeding
441:978-0-13-137504-8
102:genetic variation
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359:. 7 October 2021
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179:closed stud book
171:pedigree records
61:foundation bitch
57:foundation queen
20:Foundation stock
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238:breed registry
167:horse breeding
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100:— the loss of
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393:(3): 1041–6.
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546:. Retrieved
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315:. Retrieved
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247:Standardbred
226:Morgan horse
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187:Thoroughbred
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90:and so on.
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312:Wordnik.com
272:, known as
149:operates a
43:Terminology
564:Categories
468:Genome.gov
294:References
221:process.
191:Andalusian
118:inbreeding
106:population
548:6 October
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498:6 October
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317:6 October
287:phenotype
275:Al Khamsa
232:, or the
215:warmblood
202:phenotype
80:F1 hybrid
417:15280221
387:Genetics
381:(2004).
282:breed.
270:Mohammad
266:landrace
230:Lipizzan
114:fixation
33:landrace
408:1470966
195:Arabian
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161:Horses
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446:OCLC
436:ISBN
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319:2022
193:and
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