349:
308:
267:
618:Álvarez, María Victoria (2015). "El euroescepticismo en el Parlamento europeo. Análisis del comportamiento legislativo y político de los diputados euroescépticos de la Cuarta a la Séptima legislaturas (1994-2014). ¿Cambio o continuidad en la Octava legislatura 1 (2014-2019)?".
210:
and formed their own Group, self-referentially called "Forza Europa", on 19 July 1994. The group was unique at the time for being dominated one national-level political party, and being composed of MEPs from a single EU member nation. The group was generally sceptical of
511:
1202:
1241:
1083:
1078:
819:
1062:
1236:
1276:
875:
548:
Maggini, Nicola; De Sio, Lorenzo; Emanuele, Vincenzo (2014). "La destra populista ed euroscettica: l'evoluzione della sua affermazione elettorale".
1266:
1057:
1047:
1042:
1037:
845:
1251:
1207:
1197:
575:
DE HAAGSE POLITIEK VINDT DAT ITALIË HET ZELF MOET WETEN: Over de
Nederlandse overheidsreactie op de komst van het Italiaanse kabinet-Berlusconi I
1281:
513:
European
Parliament Political Groups and European Political Parties: Development and relationship between two faces of the EU political system
448:
857:
828:
171:
37:
1140:
207:
812:
1256:
1246:
1181:
1271:
1166:
785:
708:
602:
1161:
1114:
1104:
1021:
1001:
996:
734:
682:
723:
805:
320:
219:
762:
881:
869:
557:
361:
223:
153:
480:
456:
394:
1109:
934:
839:
1176:
980:
965:
929:
924:
1135:
1130:
939:
668:
1261:
970:
230:
452:
199:
1099:
203:
1286:
1052:
960:
498:
1171:
1006:
944:
404:
797:
592:
775:
748:
287:
212:
80:
8:
851:
414:
373:
257:
175:
90:
20:
499:
Composition of the
European Parliament 1996-11-11, 1996-01-01, 1995-12-31 and 1994-07-19
1011:
105:
1156:
781:
704:
627:
598:
553:
183:
146:
975:
328:
234:
136:
698:
647:
How
Political Parties, Rather than Member-States, Are Building the European Union
484:
332:
95:
1230:
777:
At Europe's
Service: The Origins and Evolution of the European People's Party
631:
887:
863:
279:
195:
179:
168:
110:
75:
419:
477:
409:
919:
369:
444:
532:
O euroceticismo nos Grupos Políticos do
Parlamento Europeu pós-2008
291:
85:
399:
178:
between 1994 and 1995. Most of its MEPs were affiliated with the
827:
773:
354:
313:
272:
218:
The group was joined on 15 December 1994 by one MEP of the
478:
Development of
Political Groups in the European Parliament
410:
Development of
Political Groups in the European Parliament
1063:
Alliance of
Liberals and Democrats for Europe (2004–2019)
1058:
European
Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (1994–2004)
1022:
European People's Party–European Democrats (1999–2009)
780:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 63.
678:
676:
547:
1182:Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy (2014–2019)
1048:Liberal and Democratic Reformist Group (1985–1994)
673:
1167:Europe of Democracies and Diversities (1999–2004)
1228:
1162:Independents for a Europe of Nations (1996–1999)
846:Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
763:European Parliament profile of Jean-Claude Pasty
683:European Parliament profile of Giancarlo Ligabue
649:. Barcelona: Pompeu Fabra University. p. 6.
590:
586:
584:
767:
735:Your MEPs : Archives : Marilena MARIN
443:
876:The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL
813:
724:Your MEPs : Archives : Enrico FERRI
581:
543:
541:
1242:1995 disestablishments in the European Union
692:
690:
597:. Manchester University Press. p. 194.
194:27 MEPs from the Italian centre-right party
1208:Technical Group of Independents (1999–2001)
1198:Technical Group of Independents (1979–1984)
1177:Europe of Freedom and Democracy (2009–2014)
981:Union for Europe of the Nations (1999–2009)
858:European Conservatives and Reformists Group
829:Political groups of the European Parliament
696:
519:. European University Institute. p. 7.
19:For the current political association, see
966:European Progressive Democrats (1973–1984)
820:
806:
538:
229:The Group lasted until it merged with the
1237:1994 establishments in the European Union
940:Europe of Nations and Freedom (2015–2019)
687:
530:Silva, Catarina Isabel Pereira e (2020).
509:
420:European Parliament election website 1999
1277:Political parties disestablished in 1995
1084:Party of European Socialists (1993–2009)
971:European Democratic Alliance (1984–1995)
774:Thomas Jansen; Steven Van Hecke (2011).
758:
756:
1267:Former European Parliament party groups
935:Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty (2007)
744:
742:
703:. A&C Black. pp. 89, 91, 134.
664:
662:
660:
658:
656:
617:
572:
494:
492:
415:European Parliament 1996 press releases
1252:Christian democratic parties in Europe
1229:
1203:Technical Group of Independents (1987)
473:
471:
439:
437:
435:
1282:Political parties established in 1994
1053:European Radical Alliance (1994–1999)
961:European Democratic Union (1965–1973)
901:
801:
753:
529:
739:
653:
534:. Universidade do Minho. p. 56.
489:
458:Democracy in the European Parliament
395:Democracy in the European Parliament
1002:European People's Party (1979–1999)
990:Christian democrats / conservatives
902:
644:
626:. Universidad Nacional de Rosario.
594:Britain in the European Union Today
577:. Universiteit Utrecht. p. 45.
468:
432:
16:European Parliament political group
13:
1172:Independence/Democracy (2004–2009)
1043:Liberals and Democrats (1976–1985)
1007:European Conservatives (1973–1979)
945:Identity and Democracy (2019–2024)
510:Calossi, Enrico; Cicchi, Lorenzo.
321:Italian Democratic Socialist Party
220:Italian Democratic Socialist Party
14:
1298:
1100:Communists and Allies (1973–1989)
362:Federalists and Liberal Democrats
224:Federalists and Liberal Democrats
1115:European United Left (1994–1995)
1105:European United Left (1989–1993)
405:European Parliament MEP Archives
347:
306:
265:
1038:Liberals and Allies (1953–1976)
997:Christian Democrats (1953–1979)
728:
717:
638:
1257:Conservative parties in Europe
1247:Centre-right parties in Europe
1012:European Democrats (1979–1992)
611:
566:
523:
503:
1:
1157:Europe of Nations (1994–1996)
870:Greens–European Free Alliance
425:
1272:Liberal conservative parties
976:Union for Europe (1995–1999)
620:Cuadernos Europeos de Deutso
231:European Democratic Alliance
7:
882:Europe of Sovereign Nations
700:Europe's Elected Parliament
200:Christian Democratic Centre
10:
1303:
930:European Right (1989–1994)
925:European Right (1984–1989)
552:. Rome: CISE. p. 82.
388:
240:
189:
18:
1190:
1149:
1136:Rainbow Group (1989–1994)
1131:Rainbow Group (1984–1989)
1123:
1092:
1071:
1030:
989:
953:
912:
908:
897:
835:
591:Colin Pilkington (1995).
250:
198:, along with MEPs of the
152:
142:
132:
124:
116:
104:
68:
60:
52:
44:
38:European Parliament group
35:
30:
1017:Forza Europa (1994–1995)
913:Nationalists / far-right
550:Le Elezioni Europee 2014
840:European People's Party
669:UFE on Europe Politique
573:Remmers, Freke (2010).
106:Political position
1110:Left Unity (1989–1994)
1079:Socialists (1953–1993)
954:National conservatives
208:1994 European election
206:, were elected in the
1124:Greens / regionalists
1093:Communists / far-left
222:, and one MEP of the
174:that operated in the
1031:Liberals / centrists
697:Julie Smith (1999).
288:Liberal conservatism
213:European integration
81:Liberal conservatism
1262:Eurosceptic parties
852:Patriots for Europe
483:7 June 2011 at the
374:Christian democracy
233:to form the "Group
204:Union of the Centre
176:European Parliament
91:Christian democracy
21:Forza Europa (2017)
1141:Greens (1989–1999)
237:" on 6 July 1995.
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
787:978-3-642-19414-6
710:978-1-85075-999-7
604:978-0-7190-4562-2
386:
385:
184:Silvio Berlusconi
162:
161:
158:27 (21 July 1994)
147:Giancarlo Ligabue
1294:
1287:Populist parties
1072:Social democrats
910:
909:
899:
898:
822:
815:
808:
799:
798:
792:
791:
771:
765:
760:
751:
749:Group names 1999
746:
737:
732:
726:
721:
715:
714:
694:
685:
680:
671:
666:
651:
650:
645:Colomer, Josep.
642:
636:
635:
615:
609:
608:
588:
579:
578:
570:
564:
563:
545:
536:
535:
527:
521:
520:
518:
507:
501:
496:
487:
475:
466:
465:
463:
455:(11 July 2005).
441:
400:Europe Politique
381:
353:
351:
350:
340:
329:Social democracy
312:
310:
309:
299:
271:
269:
268:
245:
244:
235:Union for Europe
137:Union for Europe
28:
27:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1212:
1186:
1145:
1119:
1088:
1067:
1026:
985:
949:
904:
903:Previous groups
893:
831:
826:
796:
795:
788:
772:
768:
761:
754:
747:
740:
733:
729:
722:
718:
711:
695:
688:
681:
674:
667:
654:
643:
639:
616:
612:
605:
589:
582:
571:
567:
560:
546:
539:
528:
524:
516:
508:
504:
497:
490:
485:Wayback Machine
476:
469:
461:
442:
433:
428:
391:
382:
379:
372:
348:
346:
341:
338:
331:
307:
305:
300:
297:
290:
266:
264:
243:
192:
172:political group
100:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1300:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1194:
1192:
1188:
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1185:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1066:
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1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
993:
991:
987:
986:
984:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
957:
955:
951:
950:
948:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
916:
914:
906:
905:
895:
894:
892:
891:
885:
879:
873:
867:
861:
855:
849:
843:
836:
833:
832:
825:
824:
817:
810:
802:
794:
793:
786:
766:
752:
738:
727:
716:
709:
686:
672:
652:
637:
610:
603:
580:
565:
558:
537:
522:
502:
488:
467:
453:Gérard, Roland
430:
429:
427:
424:
423:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
390:
387:
384:
383:
378:
376:
367:
364:
359:
357:
343:
342:
337:
335:
333:Euroscepticism
326:
323:
318:
316:
302:
301:
296:
294:
285:
282:
277:
275:
261:
260:
255:
252:
249:
242:
239:
191:
188:
160:
159:
156:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
126:
122:
121:
118:
114:
113:
108:
102:
101:
99:
98:
96:Euroscepticism
93:
88:
83:
78:
72:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
46:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1299:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:Heterogeneous
1189:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
992:
988:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
958:
956:
952:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
917:
915:
911:
907:
900:
896:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
837:
834:
830:
823:
818:
816:
811:
809:
804:
803:
800:
789:
783:
779:
778:
770:
764:
759:
757:
750:
745:
743:
736:
731:
725:
720:
712:
706:
702:
701:
693:
691:
684:
679:
677:
670:
665:
663:
661:
659:
657:
648:
641:
633:
629:
625:
621:
614:
606:
600:
596:
595:
587:
585:
576:
569:
561:
559:9788898012145
555:
551:
544:
542:
533:
526:
515:
514:
506:
500:
495:
493:
486:
482:
479:
474:
472:
464:. p. 38.
460:
459:
454:
450:
446:
440:
438:
436:
431:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
392:
377:
375:
371:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
356:
345:
344:
336:
334:
330:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
315:
304:
303:
295:
293:
289:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
274:
263:
262:
259:
256:
253:
247:
246:
238:
236:
232:
227:
225:
221:
216:
214:
209:
205:
201:
197:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
170:
166:
157:
155:
151:
148:
145:
141:
138:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
112:
109:
107:
103:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
73:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
53:English abbr.
51:
47:
43:
40:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
1150:Eurosceptics
1016:
888:Non-Inscrits
864:Renew Europe
776:
769:
730:
719:
699:
646:
640:
623:
619:
613:
593:
574:
568:
549:
531:
525:
512:
505:
457:
449:Noury, Abdul
280:Forza Italia
228:
217:
196:Forza Italia
193:
180:Forza Italia
169:conservative
165:Forza Europa
164:
163:
133:Succeeded by
120:19 July 1994
111:Centre-right
76:Conservatism
64:Forza Europa
48:Forza Europa
36:
31:Forza Europa
25:
848: (136)
842: (188)
128:6 July 1995
61:Formal name
1231:Categories
920:Eurodroite
890: (32)
884: (25)
878: (46)
872: (53)
866: (77)
860: (78)
854: (84)
445:Hix, Simon
426:References
370:Liberalism
143:Chaired by
632:1130-8354
254:Ideology
182:party of
481:Archived
292:Populism
248:Country
202:and the
86:Populism
69:Ideology
389:Sources
298:27 / 87
241:Members
190:History
784:
707:
630:
601:
556:
380:1 / 87
352:
339:1 / 87
311:
270:
167:was a
154:MEP(s)
517:(PDF)
462:(PDF)
355:Italy
325:PSDI
314:Italy
273:Italy
251:Name
782:ISBN
705:ISBN
628:ISSN
599:ISBN
554:ISBN
366:FLD
258:MEPs
117:From
45:Name
284:FI
1233::
755:^
741:^
689:^
675:^
655:^
624:52
622:.
583:^
540:^
491:^
470:^
451:;
447:;
434:^
226:.
215:.
186:.
125:To
56:FE
821:e
814:t
807:v
790:.
713:.
634:.
607:.
562:.
23:.
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