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1555:Ōishi was too obsessed with success, according to Yamamoto. He conceived his convoluted plan to ensure that they would succeed at killing Kira, which is not a proper concern in a samurai: the important thing was not the death of Kira, but for the former samurai of Asano to show outstanding courage and determination in an all-out attack against the Kira house, thus winning everlasting honor for their dead master. Even if they had failed to kill Kira, even if they had all perished, it would not have mattered, as victory and defeat have no importance. By waiting a year, they improved their chances of success but risked dishonoring the name of their clan, the worst sin a samurai can commit.
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951:(all except Terasaka Kichiemon) washed and cleaned Kira's head in a well, and laid it, and the fateful dagger, before Asano's tomb. They then offered prayers at the temple and gave the abbot of the temple all of the money they had left, asking him to bury them decently and offer prayers for them. They then turned themselves in; the group was broken into four parts and put under guard of four different
900:("second", the one who beheads a person committing seppuku to spare them the indignity of a lingering death) and offered him the same dagger that Asano had used to kill himself. However, no matter how much they entreated him, Kira crouched, speechless and trembling. At last, seeing it was useless to continue asking, Ōishi ordered the other
854:Ōishi had four men scale the fence and enter the porter's lodge, capturing and tying up the guard there. He then sent messengers to all the neighboring houses, to explain that they were not robbers but retainers out to avenge the death of their master, and that no harm would come to anyone else: the neighbors were all safe. One of the
722:'s shogunate. He allegedly became upset at them, either because of the insufficient presents they offered him (in the time-honored compensation for such an instructor), or because they would not offer bribes as he wanted. Other sources say that he was naturally rude and arrogant or that he was corrupt, which offended Asano, a devoutly
590:. Mitford invited his readers to construe his story of the forty-seven rōnin as historically accurate; and while his version of the tale has long been considered a standard work, some of its details are now questioned. Nevertheless, even with plausible defects, Mitford's work remains a conventional starting point for further study.
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A renewed search disclosed an entrance to a secret courtyard hidden behind a large scroll; the courtyard held a small building for storing charcoal and firewood, where two hidden armed retainers were overcome and killed. A search of the building disclosed a man hiding; he attacked the searcher with a
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and many well-known artists have made prints portraying either the original events, scenes from the play, or the actors. One book on subjects depicted in woodblock prints devotes no fewer than seven chapters to the history of the appearance of this theme in woodblocks. Among the artists who produced
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Kira, in terror, took refuge in a closet in the veranda, along with his wife and female servants. The rest of his retainers, who slept in barracks outside, attempted to come into the house to his rescue. After overcoming the defenders at the front of the house, the two parties led by father and son
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Initially, Asano bore all this stoically, while Kamei became enraged and prepared to kill Kira to avenge the insults. However, Kamei's quick-thinking counselors averted disaster for their lord and clan (for all would have been punished if Kamei had killed Kira) by quietly giving Kira a large bribe;
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were subsequently interred on the grounds of
Sengaku-ji, in front of the tomb of their master. The clothes and arms they wore are still preserved in the temple to this day, along with the drum and whistle; their armor was all home-made, as they had not wanted to arouse suspicion by purchasing any.
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of Asano
Naganori stormed the residence of Kira Yoshinaka in Edo. (While the attack was carried out on 31 January, the event is commemorated annually on 14 December in Japan.) According to a carefully laid-out plan, they split up into two groups and attacked, armed with swords and bows. One group,
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had done the right thing, but were undecided about whether such a vengeful wish was proper. Over time, however, the story became a symbol of loyalty to one's master and later, of loyalty to the emperor. Once this happened, the story flourished as a subject of drama, storytelling, and visual art.
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would have lost their only chance at avenging their master. Even if they had claimed, then, that their dissipated behavior was just an act, that in just a little more time they would have been ready for revenge, who would have believed them? They would have been forever remembered as cowards and
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After posting archers (some on the roof) to prevent those in the house (who had not yet awakened) from sending for help, Ōishi sounded the drum to start the attack. Ten of Kira's retainers held off the party attacking the house from the front, but Ōishi
Chikara's party broke into the back of the
894:Ōishi went on his knees, and in consideration of Kira's high rank, respectfully addressed him, telling him they were retainers of Asano, come to avenge him as true samurai should, and inviting Kira to die as a true samurai should, by killing himself. Ōishi indicated he personally would act as a
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As day was breaking, they quickly carried Kira's head from his residence to their lord's grave in
Sengaku-ji temple, marching about ten kilometers across the city, causing a great stir on the way. The story of the revenge spread quickly, and everyone on their path praised them and offered them
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avenged their master's honor by killing Kira. Anticipating the authorities' intolerance of the vendetta's completion, they were prepared to face execution as a consequence. However, due to considerable public support in their favor, the authorities compromised by ordering the rōnin to commit
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Once Kira was dead, they planned to cut off his head and lay it as an offering on their master's tomb. They would then turn themselves in and wait for their expected sentence of death. All this had been confirmed at a final dinner, at which Ōishi had asked them to be careful and spare women,
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Terasaka
Kichiemon, was ordered to travel to Akō and report that their revenge had been completed. (Though Kichiemon's role as a messenger is the most widely accepted version of the story, other accounts have him running away before or after the battle, or being ordered to leave before the
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killed 16 of Kira's men and wounded 22, including his grandson. Of Kira, however, there was no sign. They searched the house, but all they found were crying women and children. They began to despair, but Ōishi checked Kira's bed, and it was still warm, so he knew he could not be far away.
1739:. The Japanese military and most audiences found the first part to be too serious, but the studio and Mizoguchi both regarded it as so important that Part Two was put into production, despite lukewarm reception to Part One. The film wasn't shown in America until the 1970s.
729:. By some accounts, it also appears that Asano may have been unfamiliar with the intricacies of the shogunate court and failed to show the proper amount of deference to Kira. Whether Kira treated them poorly, insulted them, or failed to prepare them for fulfilling specific
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to pin him down and killed him by cutting off his head with the dagger. They then extinguished all the lamps and fires in the house (lest any cause the house to catch fire and start a general fire that would harm the neighbors) and left, taking Kira's head.
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After two years, when Ōishi was convinced that Kira was thoroughly off his guard, and everything was ready, he fled from Kyoto, avoiding the spies who were watching him, and the entire band gathered at a secret meeting place in Edo to renew their oaths.
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However, Kira allegedly continued to treat Asano harshly because he was upset that the latter had not emulated his companion. Finally, Kira insulted Asano, calling him a country boor with no manners, and Asano could restrain himself no longer. At the
601:, a suburb of Yedo, is hidden Sengakuji, or the Spring-hill Temple, renowned throughout the length and breadth of the land for its cemetery, which contains the graves of the forty-seven rônin, famous in Japanese history, heroes of Japanese drama,
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The shogunate officials in Edo were in a quandary. The samurai had followed the precepts by avenging the death of their lord; but they had also defied the shogunate's authority by exacting revenge, which had been prohibited. In addition, the
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instead of having them executed as criminals. Each of the assailants ended his life in a ritualistic fashion. Ōishi
Chikara, the youngest, was only 15 years old on the day the raid took place, and only 16 the day he committed
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led by Ōishi, was to attack the front gate; the other, led by his son, Ōishi
Chikara, was to attack the house via the back gate. A drum would sound the simultaneous attack, and a whistle would signal that Kira was dead.
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Mitford appended what he explained were translations of
Sengaku-ji documents the author had examined personally. These were proffered as "proofs" authenticating the factual basis of his story. These documents were:
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955:. During this time, two of Kira's friends came to collect his head for burial; the temple still has the original receipt for the head, which the friends and the priests who dealt with them had all signed.
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The tombs at
Sengaku-ji became a place of great veneration, and people flocked there to pray. The graves at the temple have been visited by a great many people throughout the years since the Genroku era.
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joined up and fought the retainers who came in. The latter, perceiving that they were losing, tried to send for help, but their messengers were killed by the archers posted to prevent that eventuality.
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762:(本丸御殿) residence, Asano lost his temper and attacked Kira with a dagger, wounding him in the face with his first strike; his second missed and hit a pillar. Guards then quickly separated them.
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Immediately following the event, there were mixed feelings among the intelligentsia about whether such vengeance had been appropriate. Many agreed that, given their master's last wishes, the
453:, which forbade portrayal of current events, the names were changed. While the version given by the playwrights may have come to be accepted as historical fact by some, the first
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appears in a supporting role as spearman
Tawaraboshi Genba. Mifune was to revisit the story several times in his career. In 1971 he appeared in the 52-part television series
2931:– Web site produced by students at Akō High School; contains the story of the 47 ronin's story, and images of wooden votive tablets of the 47 ronin in the Ōishi Shrine, Akō
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were disguised to varying degrees. The play contains a number of plot twists that do not reflect the real story: Moronao tries to seduce En'ya's wife, and one of the
112:
1005:. This has caused a considerable amount of confusion ever since, with some people referring to the "forty-six rōnin"; this refers to the group put to death by the
623:...a document explanatory of their conduct, a copy of which was found on the person of each of the forty-seven men, dated in the 15th year of Genroku, 12th month.
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586:(1871) was generally considered authoritative. The sequence of events and the characters in this narrative were presented to a wide popular readership in the
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dies before the attack because of a conflict between family and warrior loyalty (another possible cause of the confusion between forty-six and forty-seven).
620:...the receipt given by the retainers of Kira Kōtsukē no Sukē's son in return for the head of their lord's father, which the priests restored to the family.
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The tragedy of the forty-seven rōnin has been one of the most popular themes in Japanese art and has lately even begun to make its way into Western art.
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Asano and Kamei were to be given instruction in the necessary court etiquette by Kira Kozuke-no-Suke Yoshinaka, a powerful official in the hierarchy of
1701:. The film's release date is questioned, but placed between 1910 and 1917. It has been aired on the Jidaigeki Senmon Channel (Japan) with accompanying
1017:(some say on account of his youth). He lived until the age of 87, dying around 1747, and was then buried with his comrades. The assailants who died by
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405:. This true story was popular in Japanese culture as emblematic of the loyalty, sacrifice, persistence, and honor (qualities samurai follow called
1539:, who asked the well known question: "What if, nine months after Asano's death, Kira had died of an illness?" His answer was that the forty-seven
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dagger, but the man was easily disarmed. He refused to say who he was, but the searchers felt sure it was Kira, and sounded the whistle. The
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era, during which Japan underwent rapid modernisation, and the legend became entrenched within discourses of national heritage and identity.
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In the play, to avoid the attention of the censors, the events are transferred into the distant past, to the 14th century reign of
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1613:, appeared only two weeks after the ronin died. It was shut down by the authorities, but many others soon followed, initially in
784:. Asano's goods and lands were to be confiscated after his death, his family was to be ruined, and his retainers were to be made
1735:, a cerebral play dealing with the story. The film was a commercial failure, having been released in Japan one week before the
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gathered, and Ōishi, with a lantern, saw that it was indeed Kira—as a final proof, his head bore the scar from Asano's attack.
357:) avenged the death of their master on 31 January 1703. The incident has since become legendary. It is one of the three major
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Many Japanese television shows, including single programs, short series, single seasons, and even year-long series such as
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of Akō had removed his dagger from its scabbard within Edo Castle, and for that offence, he was ordered to kill himself by
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626:...a paper which the Forty-seven Rōnin laid upon the tomb of their master, together with the head of Kira Kôtsuké no Suké.
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1647:, or "Treasury of Loyal Retainers"), written in 1748 by Takeda Izumo and two associates; it was later adapted into a
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was written some 50 years after the event, and numerous historical records about the actual events that predate the
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laws had relaxed somewhat 75 years after the events in question during the late 18th century when Japanologist
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would probably have suffered defeat, as Kira was ready for an attack at that time—but this was unimportant.
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1981:
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1963:' short story "The Uncivil Teacher of Court Etiquette Kôtsuké no Suké", included in the 1935 collection
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1924:, who produced at least eleven separate complete series on this subject, along with more than twenty
939:, on their way back to Sengaku-ji, are halted in the street, and invited in for rest and refreshment.
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Kira's wound was hardly serious, but the attack on a shogunate official within the boundaries of the
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Eventually, after a fierce struggle, the last of Kira's retainers were subdued; in the process, the
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1843:, the story was used as a backdrop, with one of the ronin being a neighbour of the protagonists.
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climbed to the roof and loudly announced to the neighbors that the matter was an act of revenge (
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48:
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862:, 敵討ち). The neighbors, who all hated Kira, were relieved and did nothing to hinder the raiders.
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1795:, recount the events. Among both films and television programs, some are quite faithful to the
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2003:
411:) that people should display in their daily lives. The popularity of the tale grew during the
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Inventing the Way of the Samurai: Nationalism, Internationalism, and Bushido in Modern Japan.
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Whether as a mere literary device or as a claim for ethnographic veracity, Mitford explains:
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to do, writes Yamamoto, was to attack Kira and his men immediately after Asano's death. The
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drunkards—bringing eternal shame to the name of the Asano clan. The right thing for the
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s residence was considered a grave offence. Any kind of violence, even the drawing of a
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A comedic adaptation was presented in a 2002 episode of the Canadian television series
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The play has been made into a movie at least six times in Japan, the earliest starring
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The legend of the forty-seven rōnin was adapted into two graphic novels published by
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The first book of the juvenile Samurai Mystery series by Dorothy and Thomas Hoobler,
1921:
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2503:"The Trouble with Terasaka: The Forty-Seventh Ronin and the Chushingura Imagination"
1937:
The earliest known account of the Akō incident in the West was published in 1822 in
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era. To this day, the story remains popular in Japan, and each year on 14 December,
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The Trouble with Terasaka: The Forty-Seventh Ronin and the Chushingura Imagination
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after the court official insulted him. After waiting and planning for a year, the
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spent more than 14 months waiting for the "right time" for their revenge. It was
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1920:. However, probably the most widely known woodblocks in the genre are those of
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Learn more about the Bushido Way and the Hagakure's criticism of the 47 Ronin.
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and others, as well as much other useful material, by noted scholars of Japan
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received a number of petitions from the admiring populace on behalf of the
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424:. The story was popularised in numerous plays, including in the genres of
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1839:
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Fictionalised accounts of the tale of the forty-seven rōnin are known as
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and Ōishi became Ōboshi Yuranosuke Yoshio; the names of the rest of the
1009:, while the actual attack party numbered forty-seven. The forty-seventh
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1988:. The second Dark Horse Comics adaption is Seppuku, the second part of
1985:
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Five different woodblock print versions of the story by Ando Hiroshige
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2008:
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titled "Samurai Goodfellas", mingling the story with elements from
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finally resolved the quandary by ordering them to honorably commit
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Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822
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Mitford, Algernon Bertram Freeman-Mitford, Lord Redesdale (1871).
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print depicting Asano Naganori's assault on Kira Yoshinaka in the
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as Ōishi, while in 1978 he appeared as Lord Tsuchiya in the epic
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2117:[Reward for the Loyal Samurai of Akō by Yasuda Raishū].
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narration. In 1941, the Japanese military commissioned director
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orders to surrender the castle to the agents of the government.
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Kira thereupon began to treat Kamei nicely, which calmed Kamei.
695:, were ordered to arrange a fitting reception for the envoys of
388:(ritual suicide) for assaulting a powerful court official named
2865:; A Universal History of Infamy, Buenos aires 1954, Emecé 1945
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1723:. They wanted a ferocious morale booster based on the familiar
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Most recently, it was made into a 2013 American movie titled
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in Japanese, and are usually referred to as the "forty-seven
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47: The True Story of the Vendetta of the 47 Ronin from Akô
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The forty-seven rōnin is one of the most popular themes in
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burns at the graves of the forty-seven rōnin at Sengaku-ji
1871:, and then again into a more stylized 2015 version titled
523:. The participants in the revenge are called the Akō-rōshi
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were sentenced to death for the murder of Kira; but the
47:"Revenge of the Loyal Samurai of Akō" by Yasuda Raishū (
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Tales of Old Japan by Baron Redesdale(Algernon Mitford)
2894:, Edo 1703; Osprey Raid Series #23, Osprey Publishing.
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Titsingh, Isaac (17 March 2006). Screech, Timon (ed.).
2668:"Freeman, Owen casualties of bloody bad 'Last Knights'"
2921:– Comparisons of the accuracy of accounts by Mitford,
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The Uncivil Teacher of Court Etiquette Kôtsuké no Suké
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842:
The Ako Incident occurred on 31 January 1703 when the
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are buried, holds a festival commemorating the event.
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547:". Literary accounts of the events are known as the
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2612:"Keanu Reeves to play Japanese samurai in 47 Ronin"
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2582:
2172:
Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan
2212:Jinbutsudenkojiten Kodai・Chuseihen (人物伝小辞典 古代・中世編)
1661:. Asano became En'ya Hangan Takasada, Kira became
1651:play, which is still one of Japan's most popular.
1597:The incident immediately inspired a succession of
372:The story tells of a group of samurai after their
2769:. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. ASIN: B00ADQM8II
2762:. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. ASIN: B00ADQGLB8
2684:. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. ASIN: B00ADQGLB8
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2301:
747:, the main grand corridor that interconnects the
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2965:Discover the tales of Chushingura, the 47 Ronins
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1761:, is most familiar to Western audiences. In it,
1057:in the following form: family name – pseudonym (
576:For many years, the version of events retold by
26:"Akō Rōshi" redirects here. For other uses, see
1069:). Alternative readings are listed in italics.
603:the tale of whose deed I am about to transcribe
561:
512:
332:
311:
180:) to avenge their master Asano Naganori's death
2760:Forty-Seven Ronin: Tsukioka Yoshitoshi Edition
2682:Forty-Seven Ronin: Tsukioka Yoshitoshi Edition
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2717:Rashomon: A Commissioner Heigo Kobayashi Case
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1994:Rashomon: A Commissioner Heigo Kobayashi Case
1821:directed a nine-episode mini-series starring
1628:The most successful of the adaptations was a
597:In the midst of a nest of venerable trees in
2820:Subjects Portrayed in Japanese Colour-Prints
2796:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2767:Forty-Seven Ronin: Utagawa Kuniyoshi Edition
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947:On arriving at the temple, the remaining 46
476:first recorded the story of the forty-seven
2146:Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary
2034:and the others, at the site where they died
1805:dramatize events and characters not in the
1625:, to spread the story to the rest of Asia.
834:attack the principal gate of Kira's mansion
675:, Asano Takumi-no-Kami Naganori, the young
361:vendetta incidents in Japan, alongside the
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2978:https://think.iafor.org/bushido-way-death/
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2089:Postcard depicting the attack, early 1920s
1731:. Instead, Mizoguchi chose for his source
818:signaling an attack by beating a drum. By
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3122:Tales of the Unusual: "Samurai Cellular"
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2175:. Oxford University Press. p. 146.
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2214:. Japan: Tokyodo Shuppan. p. 186.
1980:, a 2014 faithful retelling written by
1049:47 Ronin portraits by Utagawa Yoshitora
659:Memorial stone marking the site of the
401:as an honorable death for the crime of
3223:
2765:Forbes, Andrew; Henley, David (2012).
2758:Forbes, Andrew; Henley, David (2012).
2712:
2680:Forbes, Andrew; Henley, David (2012).
2030:Memorial to the unswerving loyalty of
55:), with iconography borrowed from the
3042:Chūkon giretsu: Jitsuroku Chūshingura
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2919:Chushingura and the Samurai Tradition
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851:children, and other helpless people.
290:) on 4 February 1703, with 1 pardoned
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1681:The story was turned into an opera,
1611:The Night Attack at Dawn by the Soga
519:, sometimes also referred to as the
3058:Akō Rōshi: Ten no Maki, Chi no Maki
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1880:
1029:Graves of the forty-seven rōnin at
995:16, on the 4th day of the 2nd month
691:), and Lord Kamei Korechika of the
500:The event is known in Japan as the
13:
2960:Yoshitoshi, 47 Ronin series (1860)
2855:
2846:Weinberg, David R. et al. (2001).
2713:Santos, Víctor (18 October 2017).
2694:Richardson, Mike (12 March 2014).
2077:depicting the attack (early 1800s)
1751:The 1962 film version directed by
1748:, was directed by Kunio Watanabe.
21:Forty-seven rōnin (disambiguation)
14:
3282:
2985:- The first tale is the 47 Ronin.
2905:
2786:. London: University of Michigan.
2157:
2911:Robson, Lucia St. Clair (1991).
2753:Chushingura, or The Loyal League
2748:Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2082:
2066:
2054:
2039:
2023:
1952:(2005), weaves the kabuki play
1435:Takebayashi Tadashichi Takashige
881:
2955:photograph of Sengaku-ji (1911)
2951:photograph of Sengaku-ji (1893)
2848:Kuniyoshi: The Faithful Samurai
2706:
2687:
2674:
2659:
2629:
2540:
2531:
2494:
2485:
2476:
2467:
2458:
2449:
2440:
2431:
2422:
2413:
2404:
2395:
2386:
2377:
2368:
2359:
2350:
2341:
2328:
2319:
2310:
1959:The incident is the subject of
1941:'s posthumously-published book
563:The Treasury of Loyal Retainers
488:, where Asano Naganori and the
2666:Stewart, Sara (1 April 2015).
2610:Child, Ben (9 December 2008).
2289:
2276:
2203:
2189:
2133:
2105:
1558:
1205:Tominomori Sukeemon Masayori (
1160:Chikamatsu Kanroku Yukishige (
1053:Below are the names of the 47
1:
2806:Kuniyoshi: The Warrior Prints
2751:Dickens, Frederick V. (1930)
2094:
1966:A Universal History of Infamy
1931:
1509:Terasaka Kichiemon Nobuyuki (
1482:Mimura Jirōzaemon Kanetsune (
1425:Katsuta Shinzaemon Taketaka (
1394:Okajima Yasoemon Tsuneshige (
1331:Hazama Shinrokurō Mitsukaze (
663:(Great Corridor of Pines) in
630:
2099:
1950:The Ghost in the Tokaido Inn
1520:
1385:Kurahashi Densuke Takeyuki (
1304:Isogai Jūrōzaemon Masahisa (
1142:Yoshida Chūzaemon Kanesuke (
1108:Kataoka Gengoemon Takafusa (
926:
363:Revenge of the Soga Brothers
343:, is an historical event in
7:
2892:The Revenge of the 47 Ronin
2861:Borges, Jorge Luís (1935).
2737:The Forty-Seven Ronin Story
2501:Smith, Henry D. II (2004).
2263:Analysis of Mitford's story
1896:prints on this subject are
1491:Yakokawa Kanbei Munetoshi (
1376:Muramatsu Sandayū Takanao (
1349:Senba Saburobei Mitsutada (
1340:Nakamura Kansuke Masatoki (
1277:Hayami Tōzaemon Mitsutaka (
1196:Ushioda Matanojō Takanori (
1151:Yoshida Sawaemon Kanesada (
733:duties, offence was taken.
667:, where Asano attacked Kira
562:
513:
333:
312:
16:18th century samurai battle
10:
3287:
2890:Turnbull, Stephen (2011).
2774:Chushingura: A Puppet Play
2728:
2061:Entrance to Sengaku Temple
2016:
2006:short story the 1950 film
1562:
1464:Sugino Jūheiji Tsugifusa (
1358:Sugaya Hannojō Masatoshi (
1259:Okuda Magodayū Shigemori (
1040:
57:Adoration of the Shepherds
28:Akō Rōshi (disambiguation)
25:
18:
3199:
3148:
3033:
2929:Ako's Forty-Seven Samurai
2573:30 September 2007 at the
2512:: 16:3–65. Archived from
2169:Deal, William E. (2007).
1711:, who would later direct
1511:
1502:
1500:Kayano Wasuke Tsunenari (
1493:
1484:
1475:
1473:Kanzaki Yogorō Noriyasu (
1466:
1457:
1455:Kaiga Yazaemon Tomonobu (
1448:
1439:
1427:
1418:
1416:Yatō Emoshichi Norikane (
1409:
1396:
1387:
1378:
1369:
1367:Muramatsu Kihei Hidenao (
1360:
1351:
1342:
1333:
1324:
1315:
1306:
1297:
1295:Ōishi Sezaemon Nobukiyo (
1288:
1279:
1270:
1268:Okuda Sadaemon Yukitaka (
1261:
1252:
1250:Kimura Okaemon Sadayuki (
1243:
1241:Onodera Kōemon Hidetomi (
1234:
1225:
1223:Okano Kin'emon Kanehide (
1216:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1187:Akabane Genzō Shigekata (
1180:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1123:
1110:
1101:
1092:
1090:Ōishi Chikara Yoshikane (
1083:
999:
802:
791:This news was carried to
556:
537:
527:
507:
382:was compelled to perform
327:
306:
274:
263:
255:
247:
239:
230:
225:
217:
204:
192:
184:
164:
153:
143:
104:
96:
85:31 January 1703
81:
73:
67:
63:
40:
2915:. Forge Books. New York.
2879:. Leete's Island Books.
2818:Steward, Basil. (1922).
2113:
1788:and the more recent NHK
1727:("historical drama") of
1676:
1592:
1446:Maebara Isuke Munefusa (
1322:Hazama Jūjirō Mitsuoki (
1313:Hazama Kihei Mitsunobu (
1286:Yada Gorōemon Suketake (
1232:Onodera Jūnai Hidekazu (
1214:Fuwa Kazuemon Masatane (
1178:Mase Magokurō Masatoki (
1131:Horibe Yasubei Taketsune
571:
128:35.693333°N 139.794306°E
3241:Assassinations in Japan
2970:4 December 2017 at the
2949:National Diet Library:
2875:Harper, Thomas (2019).
2811:Sato, Hiroaki. (1995).
2804:Robinson, B.W. (1982).
2772:Keene, Donald. (1971).
2334:Mitford, A. B. (1871).
1075:Ōishi Kuranosuke Yoshio
923:turned themselves in.)
793:Ōishi Kuranosuke Yoshio
495:
3098:The Fall of Ako Castle
2937:by Henry D. Smith II,
2813:Legends of the Samurai
2742:Benesch, Oleg (2014).
2568:Tsuchihashi conversion
2271:Chushinguranew website
2199:. Columbia University.
1943:Illustrations of Japan
1737:attack on Pearl Harbor
1578:
1169:Mase Kyūdayū Masaaki (
1117:Horibe Yahei Kanamaru/
1099:Hara Sōemon Mototoki (
1050:
1033:
940:
835:
823:
668:
652:
613:
3208:Kanadehon Chūshingura
2832:. London: Routledge.
2735:Allyn, John. (1981).
2273:, Columbia University
2149:] (in Japanese).
1992:' 2017 graphic novel
1954:The Forty-Seven Ronin
1693:Cinema and television
1640:Kanadehon Chūshingura
1572:
1048:
1028:
934:
829:
810:
658:
638:
595:
133:35.693333; 139.794306
2721:. Dark Horse Comics.
2702:. Dark Horse Comics.
1996:, which also adapts
533:or Shi-jū-shichi-shi
320:, also known as the
19:For other uses, see
3271:Traditional stories
3266:Suicides by seppuku
2546:Mitford, pp. 26–27.
2537:Mitford, pp. 25–26.
2491:Mitford, pp. 24–25.
2473:Mitford, pp. 23–24.
2437:Mitford, pp. 19–20.
2419:Mitford, pp. 18–19.
2410:Mitford, pp. 17–18.
2392:Mitford, pp. 16–17.
2374:Mitford, pp. 11–12.
2365:Mitford, pp. 10–11.
2295:Mitford, pp. 28–34.
2284:Tales of Old Japan,
2119:Homma Museum of Art
2004:Ryūnosuke Akutagawa
1984:and illustrated by
1774:Swords of Vengeance
1720:Genroku Chūshingura
1643:(now simply called
967:. As expected, the
820:Tsukioka Yoshitoshi
720:Tokugawa Tsunayoshi
697:Emperor Higashiyama
347:in which a band of
296:The revenge of the
124: /
53:Homma Museum of Art
37:
3066:The Loyal 47 Ronin
2783:Tales of Old Japan
2591:(Kodansha, 1979).
2519:on 2 November 2013
2356:Mitford, pp. 8–10.
2336:Tales of Old Japan
2121:. 25 February 2016
1817:in 1994. In 2004,
1745:The Loyal 47 Ronin
1742:The 1958 version,
1733:Mayama Chūshingura
1729:The Loyal 47 Ronin
1609:plays; the first,
1579:
1577:committing seppuku
1531:Yamamoto Tsunetomo
1403:Ōtaka Gengo Tadao/
1051:
1034:
991:killed himself in
941:
836:
824:
669:
653:
583:Tales of Old Japan
256:Non-fatal injuries
188:Terasaka Kichiemon
35:
3251:Japanese folklore
3218:
3217:
3114:Crest of Betrayal
3090:Ninpō-chūshingura
2900:978-1-84908-427-7
2839:978-1-135-78737-0
2182:978-0-19-533126-4
1974:Dark Horse Comics
1961:Jorge Luis Borges
436:. Because of the
294:
293:
243:and retainers: 41
3278:
3189:Chūshingura 1/47
3013:
3006:
2999:
2990:
2989:
2913:The Tokaido Road
2843:
2801:
2795:
2787:
2723:
2722:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2691:
2685:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2643:. Archived from
2633:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2607:
2598:
2586:
2577:
2565:
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2556:
2547:
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2130:
2128:
2126:
2109:
2086:
2070:
2058:
2043:
2027:
1887:woodblock prints
1881:Woodblock prints
1840:Hana yori mo nao
1835:Hirokazu Koreeda
1699:Onoe Matsunosuke
1687:Shigeaki Saegusa
1659:Ashikaga Takauji
1533:, author of the
1514:
1513:
1505:
1504:
1496:
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1487:
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1004:
1003:, 20 March 1703)
1002:
1001:
771:
611:
567:
565:
559:
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509:
486:Sengakuji Temple
338:
336:
330:
329:
319:
318:
315:
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209:
207:
206:
200:(四十七士, Akō-rōshi
139:
138:
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135:
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125:
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121:
120:
117:
92:
90:
69:
64:Native name
45:
38:
34:
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3279:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3195:
3144:
3029:
3017:
2972:Wayback Machine
2941:, 2004, 16:3–65
2908:
2858:
2856:Further reading
2853:
2840:
2789:
2788:
2731:
2726:
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2630:
2620:
2618:
2608:
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2587:
2580:
2575:Wayback Machine
2566:
2562:
2558:Mitford, p. 28.
2557:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2505:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2486:
2482:Mitford, p. 24.
2481:
2477:
2472:
2468:
2464:Mitford, p. 23.
2463:
2459:
2455:Mitford, p. 22.
2454:
2450:
2446:Mitford, p. 20.
2445:
2441:
2436:
2432:
2428:Mitford, p. 19.
2427:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2383:Mitford, p. 16.
2382:
2378:
2373:
2369:
2364:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2346:
2342:
2333:
2329:
2325:Mitford, p. 32.
2324:
2320:
2316:Mitford, p. 31.
2315:
2311:
2307:Mitford, p. 30.
2306:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2281:
2277:
2267:Dr. Henry Smith
2261:
2254:
2246:
2229:
2222:
2208:
2204:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2183:
2167:
2158:
2139:
2138:
2134:
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2122:
2115:
2111:
2110:
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2102:
2097:
2090:
2087:
2078:
2071:
2062:
2059:
2050:
2044:
2035:
2028:
2019:
1982:Mike Richardson
1976:. The first is
1934:
1883:
1819:Mitsumasa Saitō
1815:another version
1779:Akō-jō danzetsu
1753:Hiroshi Inagaki
1709:Kenji Mizoguchi
1695:
1679:
1595:
1567:
1561:
1523:
1518:
1063:) – real name (
1043:
996:
987:Each of the 46
929:
884:
805:
769:
709:service to the
703:, during their
633:
612:
610:Mitford, A. B.
609:
574:
553:
534:
524:
504:
498:
367:Igagoe vendetta
324:
316:
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201:
132:
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3177:
3169:
3165:Daichūshingura
3161:
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2916:
2907:
2906:External links
2904:
2903:
2902:
2888:
2885:978-0918172778
2873:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2844:
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2686:
2673:
2658:
2647:on 15 May 2008
2641:Chicago Reader
2628:
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2412:
2403:
2401:Mitford, p. 17
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2349:
2347:Mitford, p. 7.
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2018:
2015:
2014:
2013:
1970:
1957:
1956:into the plot.
1946:
1939:Isaac Titsingh
1933:
1930:
1882:
1879:
1831:Genroku Ryōran
1823:Ken Matsudaira
1793:Genroku Ryōran
1786:Daichūshingura
1768:Daichūshingura
1763:Toshirō Mifune
1694:
1691:
1678:
1675:
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1591:
1563:Main article:
1560:
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801:
788:(leaderless).
754:(白書院) and the
744:Matsu no Ōrōka
693:Tsuwano Domain
661:Matsu no Ōrōka
645:Matsu no Ōrōka
632:
629:
628:
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474:Isaac Titsingh
390:Kira Yoshinaka
380:Asano Naganori
378:(feudal lord)
313:Shijūshichishi
292:
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284:ritual suicide
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241:Kira Yoshinaka
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185:First reporter
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174:ritual suicide
170:Kira Yoshinaka
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159:Asano Naganori
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148:Revenge attack
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3256:Mass suicides
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3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
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3236:1703 in Japan
3234:
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3231:1701 in Japan
3229:
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3226:
3211:(puppet play)
3210:
3209:
3205:
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3173:Amigasa Jūbei
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2114:安田雷洲筆 赤穂義士報讐図
2108:
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1990:Víctor Santos
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1866:
1865:
1859:
1858:film series.
1857:
1856:
1855:The Godfather
1851:
1850:
1849:History Bites
1844:
1842:
1841:
1837:'s 2006 film
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3050:The 47 Ronin
3048:
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3020:Forty-seven
3019:
2939:Japan Review
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2649:. Retrieved
2645:the original
2640:
2631:
2619:. Retrieved
2616:The Guardian
2615:
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2589:Yamamoto, T.
2563:
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2533:
2521:. Retrieved
2514:the original
2510:Japan Review
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2210:Ono (2004).
2205:
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2123:. Retrieved
2107:
2032:Ōishi Yoshio
2012:is based on.
2007:
1997:
1993:
1977:
1964:
1953:
1949:
1942:
1890:
1884:
1874:Last Knights
1872:
1869:Keanu Reeves
1862:
1860:
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1830:
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1811:Kon Ichikawa
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1575:Ōishi Yoshio
1573:Painting of
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706:sankin-kōtai
704:
676:
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660:
643:
614:
602:
596:
592:
581:
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548:
521:Akō vendetta
520:
502:Akō incident
501:
499:
489:
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477:
465:
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458:
454:
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440:laws of the
431:
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358:
348:
341:Akō vendetta
340:
322:Akō incident
321:
299:
298:forty-seven
297:
295:
279:
268:
267:Forty-seven
232:
231:Forty-seven
218:Participants
212:Ōishi Yoshio
197:
196:Forty-seven
193:Organised by
116:35°41′36.0″N
77:Akō incident
74:English name
32:
3027:Chūshingura
2822:. New York.
2815:. New York.
2776:. New York.
2739:. New York.
2197:"Kanadehon"
2073:Woodcut by
1867:, starring
1827:Chūshingura
1807:Chūshingura
1797:Chūshingura
1790:Taiga drama
1758:Chūshingura
1683:Chūshingura
1645:Chūshingura
1565:Chūshingura
1559:In the arts
1485:三村 次郎左衛門 包常
1397:岡島 八十右衛門 常樹
1307:礒貝 十郎左衛門 正久
1289:矢田 五郎右衛門 助武
1244:小野寺 幸右衛門 秀富
1111:片岡 源五右衛門 高房
908:One of the
897:kaishakunin
687:in western
550:Chūshingura
459:Chūshingura
455:Chūshingura
421:Chūshingura
131: /
106:Coordinates
3225:Categories
3149:Television
2523:21 January
2221:4490106467
2095:References
1999:In a Grove
1986:Stan Sakai
1932:Literature
1918:Yoshitoshi
1717:, to make
1512:寺坂 吉右衛門 信行
1458:貝賀 弥左衛門 友信
1428:勝田 新左衛門 武尭
1419:矢頭 右衛門七 教兼
1352:千馬 三郎兵衛 光忠
1298:大石 瀬左衛門 信清
1280:早水 藤左衛門 満尭
1271:奥田 貞右衛門 行高
1253:木村 岡右衛門 貞行
1226:岡野 金右衛門 包秀
1217:不破 数右衛門 正種
1208:富森 助右衛門 正因
1154:吉田 沢右衛門 兼貞
1145:吉田 忠左衛門 兼亮
1031:Sengaku-ji
860:katakiuchi
701:Edo Castle
681:Akō Domain
665:Edo Castle
650:Edo Castle
631:Background
470:censorship
438:censorship
353:(lordless
226:Casualties
89:1703-01-31
3181:Akō Rōshi
3157:Akō Rōshi
3074:Akō Rōshi
2850:. Leiden.
2808:. Ithaca.
2792:cite book
2755:. London.
2151:Kenkyūsha
2141:研究社新和英大辞典
2125:18 August
2100:Citations
1926:triptychs
1922:Kuniyoshi
1914:Hiroshige
1829:entitled
1813:directed
1689:in 1997.
1521:Criticism
1476:神崎 与五郎 則休
1467:杉野 十平次 次房
1379:村松 三太夫 高直
1370:村松 喜兵衛 秀直
1361:菅谷 半之丞 政利
1262:奥田 孫太夫 重盛
1235:小野寺 十内 秀和
1199:潮田 又之丞 高教
1181:間瀬 孫九郎 正辰
1172:間瀬 久太夫 正明
1136:堀部 安兵衛 武庸
1124:堀部 弥兵衛 金丸
1102:原 惣右衛門 元辰
1084:大石 内蔵助 良雄
1079:Yoshitaka
1000:元禄十六年二月四日
927:Aftermath
727:Confucian
683:(a small
514:Akō jiken
461:survive.
442:shogunate
334:Akō jiken
210:) led by
157:Death of
36:Akō jiken
3130:47 Ronin
3106:47 Ronin
2968:Archived
2698:47 Ronin
2637:"Movies"
2597:, p. 26.
2594:Hagakure
2571:Archived
2286:pp. 5–6.
2282:(1871).
2075:Kunisada
2009:Rashomon
1978:47 Ronin
1910:Kunisada
1902:Toyokuni
1864:47 Ronin
1536:Hagakure
1503:茅野 和助 常成
1494:横川 勘平 宗利
1449:前原 伊助 宗房
1440:武林 唯七 隆重
1410:大高 源五 忠雄
1405:Tadatake
1388:倉橋 伝助 武幸
1343:中村 勘助 正辰
1334:間 新六郎 光風
1325:間 十次郎 光興
1316:間 喜兵衛 光延
1190:赤埴 源蔵 重賢
1163:近松 勘六 行重
1093:大石 主税 良金
915:ashigaru
814:showing
608:—
599:Takanawa
365:and the
275:Sentence
168:To have
3261:Samurai
2923:Murdoch
2729:Sources
2621:15 July
2338:, p. 7.
2047:Incense
2017:Gallery
1906:Hokusai
1898:Utamaro
1892:ukiyo-e
1631:bunraku
1606:bunraku
1119:Akizane
1041:Members
1019:seppuku
993:Genroku
982:seppuku
977:seppuku
866:house.
812:Ukiyo-e
782:seppuku
758:of the
756:Ōhiroma
685:fiefdom
679:of the
640:Ukiyo-e
482:Genroku
466:bakufu'
447:Genroku
444:in the
427:bunraku
408:bushidō
399:seppuku
385:seppuku
359:adauchi
355:samurai
288:seppuku
264:Accused
178:seppuku
172:commit
87: (
3192:(2001)
3184:(1979)
3176:(1974)
3168:(1971)
3160:(1964)
3141:(2015)
3133:(2013)
3125:(2000)
3117:(1994)
3109:(1994)
3101:(1978)
3093:(1965)
3085:(1962)
3077:(1961)
3069:(1958)
3061:(1956)
3053:(1941)
3045:(1928)
2898:
2883:
2869:
2836:
2218:
2179:
2002:, the
1916:, and
1802:gaiden
1714:Ugetsu
1704:benshi
1656:shōgun
1649:kabuki
1635:puppet
1623:Manila
1600:kabuki
1015:shōgun
1007:shōgun
973:shōgun
961:shōgun
953:daimyō
912:, the
803:Attack
797:bakufu
778:daimyō
774:katana
767:shōgun
749:Shiro-
731:bakufu
712:shōgun
689:Honshū
677:daimyō
673:daimyō
433:kabuki
403:murder
375:daimyō
248:Deaths
165:Target
3246:Feuds
3200:Other
3034:Films
3022:rōnin
2651:8 May
2517:(PDF)
2506:(PDF)
2143:[
1889:, or
1833:. In
1685:, by
1677:Opera
1671:rōnin
1667:rōnin
1619:Kyoto
1615:Osaka
1593:Plays
1586:rōnin
1550:rōnin
1546:rōnin
1541:rōnin
1527:rōnin
1066:imina
1060:kemyō
1055:rōnin
1011:rōnin
989:rōnin
969:rōnin
965:rōnin
949:rōnin
937:rōnin
921:rōnin
910:rōnin
902:rōnin
889:rōnin
875:rōnin
856:rōnin
844:rōnin
832:rōnin
816:Ōishi
786:rōnin
770:'
751:shoin
724:moral
572:Story
545:rōnin
490:rōnin
478:rōnin
413:Meiji
394:rōnin
350:rōnin
345:Japan
300:rōnin
280:rōnin
269:rōnin
233:rōnin
198:rōnin
154:Cause
97:Venue
2896:ISBN
2881:ISBN
2867:ISBN
2834:ISBN
2798:link
2653:2007
2623:2024
2525:2007
2216:ISBN
2177:ISBN
2127:2019
1617:and
1603:and
1525:The
935:The
830:The
588:West
538:四十七士
528:赤穂浪士
508:赤穂事件
496:Name
464:The
430:and
328:赤穂事件
307:四十七士
205:赤穂浪士
144:Type
82:Date
68:赤穂事件
2265:by
1781:).
699:at
648:of
580:in
557:忠臣蔵
451:era
339:or
278:46
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2602:^
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