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634:, who also paid for the construction of four gun batteries on the side of the fort facing the entrance to Grand Harbour. As a result, one can still see his coat of arms above the main gate of the fort. When the French arrived in 1798, the fort had become a powerful fortification housing some 80 guns, 48 of which pointed towards the entrance of the port. During the short two-year period of
823:
Most of the present configuration of the fort dates back to reconstruction in the 1690s. Among the features added by
Grunenbergh were four batteries facing the entrance to the Grand Harbour. No. 1, No. 2 and No. 4 Batteries were heavily altered by the British, while No. 3 Battery retains more of its
646:
With the coming of the
British to Malta the fort retained its importance as a military installation, first in use by the Army as a Wireless Station. In fact, in 1800, two battalions of the 35th Regiment were resident in the fort. However, at the start of the 20th century, the fort was taken over by
721:
This treaty was ratified on 1 November 2001. The agreement has a duration of 99 years but the document allows the
Maltese Government terminate it at any time after 50 years. In terms of the agreement, the flag of Malta is to be flown together with the flag of the Order in a prominent position over
740:
allocated €13.4 million for the restoration, conservation and re-use of the site, allowing for the Fort to be opened as a major visitor attraction highlighting its history and roles through the ages as well as to cater for educational programs, cultural events and live historical experiences. The
521:
and list a garrison of 150 men together with several weapons. It seems also that by 1274, the castle already had two chapels which are still there today. A detailed inventory of weapons and supplies in the castle exists from the same year. From 1283 the
Maltese islands were under
513:) is to be found in documents from the 1240s when Paulinus of Malta was the lord of the island and later when Giliberto Abate made a census of the islands. Another reference to the castle is that from the short Angevin rule (1266–83) where documents list it again as
615:
585:
was built behind the D'Homedes
Bastion, and De Guirial Battery was built at the tip of the fort by sea level to protect the entrance to Dockyard Creek. These works transformed the fort into a gunpowder fortification. Fort St Angelo withstood the
498:
started to appoint his own
Castellani for Malta who needed a place to live and secure the interests of the crown. The remains of a tower that may date back to the 12th century can be traced among the more recent works. The first mention of
478:, 'fortress'), but there is no actual reference if this 'fortress' was in Birgu. A rock-cut church close to the area had already existed since Orthodox Christianity in Malta around 600 A.D. and was rebuilt with wood in around 800 A.D.
2383:
722:
Saint Angelo. No asylum may be granted by the Order and generally the
Maltese courts have full jurisdiction and Maltese law shall apply. A number of immunities and privileges are mentioned in the second bilateral treaty.
1410:
577:. The Knights made this their primary fortification and substantially reinforced and remodelled it, including the cutting of the dry ditch to make it a moat and the D'Homedes Bastion built by 1536. By 1547, a large
2226:
1347:"Agreement between the Government of Malta and the Government of the Sovereign Hospitalier Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta for the restoration and utilisation of parts of Fort St. Angelo"
818:
on the western side of the fort at the waterline. It was named after the
Chevalier Francesco de Guiral, its commander during the Great Siege. The battery was altered in the 17th and 18th centuries, again by the
693:
left Malta in 1979 the Fort was handed to the
Maltese government and since then parts of the fort fell into a state of disrepair, mostly after a failed project to transform it into a hotel during the 1980s.
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rule while the rest of Malta was already in
Aragonese hands) and the fortification was mainly used by Castellani (like the de Nava family) who were there to safeguard the interests of the
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The date of its original construction is unknown. However, the prehistoric and classical remains on site, are indicative of a fortified place and a habitable zone. Large
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594:, during which it succeeded in repulsing a sea attack by the Turks on Senglea on 15 August 1565. In the aftermath of that siege, the Knights built the fortified city of
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was later built), and the name and garrison of Fort St. Angelo be transferred to the new fort. He drew up plans for the proposed fort, but they were never implemented.
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located at the site. A middle-ages window was discovered during renovations. It is documented that this had been walled up soon after the arrival of the knights.
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near D'Homedes Bastion, built between 1542 and 1547. Its roof had eight embrasures, and several magazines and a beacon were also located on the cavalier.
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666:. The British did not make any major modifications to the fort, although they converted No. 2 Battery into a casemated battery for three
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of 1565, the fort still retained most of its medieval features, but a number of modifications had been made by the Order, including:
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In the 1690s the fort again underwent major repairs. Today's layout of the fort is attributed to these works which were designed by
115:
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1970:
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granting the upper part of Fort St Angelo, including the Grand Master's House and the Chapel of St Anne, to the Order with limited
569:, when it was observed the site of Fort St Angelo was partially abandoned and in ruins. After renovation it became the seat of the
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called Fort Saint Angelo between the 1530s and the 1560s, and it is best known for its role as the Order's headquarters during the
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containing various buildings, including the Castellan's house and the Chapel of St. Mary (later rededicated to St. Anne), and an
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on Mount Sciberras on the opposite side of the Grand Harbour, and the administrative centre for the knights moved there.
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745:. and completed in September 2015. It frequently participates in hosting events of national importance including the
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https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/41363/1/Il-pittura_f%27Malta_u_l-identita_nazzjonali_1989.pdf
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18th century painting of the Hospitaller Governor of Fort St Angelo, with the fort itself in the background
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In 1644, Giovanni de’ Medici proposed that a new fort be constructed on Orsi Point (the site where
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1411:"After two centuries, the Order of Malta flag flies over Fort St. Angelo, beside the Maltese flag"
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1956:
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View of Fort St. Angelo, with the four batteries constructed by Grunenburgh visible to the left.
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Video showing the development of Fort St. Angelo from a medieval castle to a gunpowder fortress
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Other parts of the fort are leased to the Cottonera Waterfront Group, a private consortium.
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in the 1860s, and built a cinema and a water distillation plant in the early 20th century.
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8:
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796:. It was heavily altered since the 16th century, especially when it was converted into a
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The fort was garrisoned by the British from 1800 to 1979, at times being classified as a
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2014:
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534:. In fact the Castellans did not have any jurisdiction outside the ditch of the fort.
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1155:"Interview: Fort St Angelo - Bringing An icon back to life - The Malta Independent"
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404:, but it was later restored. In 1998, the upper part of the fort was handed to the
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1943:
1938:
728:
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689:). In total, the fort suffered 69 direct hits between 1940 and 1943. When the
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1443:"Heritage Malta wants to transform Fort St Angelo into a cultural experience"
1324:
777:. The castle also included a chapel dedicated to St. Angelo, which was later
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1258:
Blouet, Brian W. (October 1964). "Town Planning in Malta, 1530-1798".
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This article is about the fort in Birgu, Malta. For other uses, see
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Panoramic view of the fort from D'Homedes Bastion after restoration
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573:, which included the refurbishing of the Castellan's House and the
487:
3360:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
2428:
1934:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1902:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1866:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1830:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1794:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1758:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1722:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1643:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
3335:
Buildings and structures of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
3003:
2404:
1948:
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took place in the 1690s, giving the fort its current appearance.
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340:
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On 5 December 1998, a treaty was signed between Malta and the
2797:
1983:
1291:
Heritage: An Encyclopedia of Maltese Culture and Civilization
566:
332:
328:
75:
71:
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2541:
1979:
934:"Interview: Fort St Angelo - Bringing An icon back to life"
677:, the fort again withstood the siege with an armament of 3
451:
column at the top part of the fort still exists inside the
368:
324:
151:
1185:"Punti d'incontro nell' architettura a Malta e in Sicilia"
638:, the Fort served as the headquarters of the French Army.
1045:"The Rock-cut Church of Bormla: Origins and Developments"
1501:"Funds available at last for Fort St Angelo restoration"
432:
The site was occupied since pre-history and a prominent
408:. Fort St. Angelo has been on Malta's tentative list of
486:
Its probable start as a fortification is the high/late
962:"Knights' Fortifications around the Harbours of Malta"
339:. It was originally built in the medieval period as a
1032:"A hand book, or guide, for strangers visiting Malta"
455:. The site was probably later developed by the Arabs
526:
rule (although the castle remained for some time in
417:
Knights' Fortifications around the Harbours of Malta
1529:"Progress being made in Fort St Angelo restoration"
1289:Quintano, Anton. "Fortifications: Fort Ricasoli".
658:, when it became a base for the Royal Navy in the
565:arrived in Malta in 1530, they chose to settle in
1005:"New Light on the Darkest Age in Malta's History"
992:(in Maltese). Vol. 2. Malta: s.n. p. 9.
3301:
1699:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
541:, one of the eldest in Maltese history, had its
436:in antiquity with the building of the temple of
1681:. Archived from the original on 27 October 2010
989:Malta bil chzejer tehne u li ghadda min ghaliha
400:. The fort suffered considerable damage during
792:D'Homedes Bastion – built during the reign of
375:of 1565. A major reconstruction to designs of
2242:
1964:
747:Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2015
508:
318:
43:
473:
467:
3320:Royal Navy bases outside the United Kingdom
1944:Video showing a 3D model of Fort St. Angelo
1787:"Sea-level (no1 ) battery – Fort St Angelo"
1669:
1667:
928:
926:
804:, but the damage was repaired in the 1990s.
765:Upon the arrival of the Order in 1530, the
736:On 5 March 2012, it was confirmed that the
515:
501:
427:
345:
2249:
2235:
1971:
1957:
1379:"The Order and its Institutions - Mission"
1085:"The House of Aragon and Malta: 1282-1412"
897:
877:Private part of the fort dedicated to the
1664:
1555:
1471:"Restoration of Fort St Angelo underway"
1082:
985:
923:
756:
727:
701:
552:
1675:"De Guiral Battery spared a restaurant"
1229:"Fort St Angelo during the Great Siege"
1226:
800:. Part of the bastion was destroyed in
779:rededicated to the Nativity of Our Lady
162:13,000 m (140,000 sq ft)
3302:
1558:"Fort St Angelo restoration completed"
1257:
1139:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
814:De Guiral Battery – a small sea-level
732:Interior of the fort after restoration
647:the Navy and it was commissioned as a
3355:Military installations closed in 1979
2230:
1952:
1556:Micallef, Mario (20 September 2015).
1182:
466:mentions that the Arabs dismantled a
1751:"De Guiral Battery – Fort St Angelo"
1636:"D'Homedes Bastion – Fort St Angelo"
1288:
1227:Spiteri, Stephen C. (26 July 2010).
749:and the 2017 Maltese EU presidency.
3310:Hospitaller fortifications in Malta
2999:Church of Saint Mary of the Germans
1002:
468:
21:Castel Sant'Angelo (disambiguation)
13:
1978:
1608:
1477:. 8 September 2010. Archived from
892:Chapel of the Nativity of Our Lady
738:European Regional Development Fund
548:
14:
3386:
3330:Buildings and structures in Birgu
2266:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
1927:
1823:"No. 2. Battery – Fort St Angelo"
1416:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
1384:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
1276:10.3828/tpr.35.3.383v818680j843v8
712:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
697:
641:
406:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
192:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
89:Fort St. Angelo as seen from the
3282:
3259:
3243:
3018:
2994:Church of Saint John the Baptist
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2025:
1992:
1895:"No. 4 Battery – Fort St Angelo"
1859:"No. 3 Battery – Fort St Angelo"
885:
870:
858:
846:
841:West face of the seaward bastion
834:
807:Ferramolino's Cavalier – a high
605:
98:
83:
3375:Sites managed by Heritage Malta
2483:Orders, decorations, and medals
1887:
1851:
1815:
1779:
1743:
1707:
1628:
1602:
1574:
1549:
1521:
1493:
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1435:
1419:. 13 March 2001. Archived from
1403:
1371:
1339:
1312:
1301:
1282:
1251:
1220:
1209:
1176:
1165:
1147:
335:, located at the centre of the
3274:
3167:Conquest of Rhodes (1306–1310)
3037:
3006:
2897:
2878:
2864:
2842:
2808:
2629:
2414:Order of Malta Ambulance Corps
2203:Order of St. John of Jerusalem
1904:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1868:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1832:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1796:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1760:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1724:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1645:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1297:. Midsea Books Ltd: 1101–1107.
1102:
1092:Journal of the Faculty of Arts
1076:
1065:
1037:
1025:
996:
979:
954:
481:
16:Bastioned fort in Birgu, Malta
1:
916:
456:
286:Siege of Malta (World War II)
248:
227:
3340:Limestone buildings in Malta
3278:Demolished or sparse remains
3065:Colonization of the Americas
447:blocks and an Egyptian pink
7:
3370:17th-century fortifications
3365:16th-century fortifications
3325:World War II sites in Malta
3255:(with year of proclamation)
3202:Great Siege of Malta (1565)
3060:Principality of Heitersheim
2751:St John (Conventual Church)
2576:Villa del Priorato di Malta
1715:"Cavalier – Fort St Angelo"
1352:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
853:Main Gate before renovation
741:restoration was managed by
662:and in 1933 renamed as HMS
474:
462:, but nothing is concrete.
415:since 1998, as part of the
28:Fort St Angelo of Canannore
10:
3391:
2940:Palace of the Grand Master
1582:"UN chief to attend CHOGM"
1268:Liverpool University Press
1192:Journal of Maltese Studies
1083:Luttrell, Anthony (1970).
827:
422:
282:Siege of Malta (1798–1800)
185:Cottonera Waterfront Group
25:
18:
3238:
3217:Battle of Damietta (1732)
3152:Siege of Jerusalem (1187)
3142:
3084:
3073:
3047:
2959:
2925:
2852:
2796:
2789:
2741:
2708:
2595:
2585:
2540:
2506:
2460:
2394:
2314:
2278:
2190:
2157:
2089:
2046:
2023:
1990:
1198:: 189–196. Archived from
865:Inscription over the gate
752:
509:
490:period. In fact, in 1220
363:). It was rebuilt by the
352:
296:
291:
265:
255:
244:
234:
223:
218:
210:
198:
181:
171:
166:
158:
146:
109:
97:
82:
69:
61:
40:
35:
3345:Defunct prisons in Malta
3207:Battle of Lepanto (1571)
1679:MilitaryArchitecture.com
1233:MilitaryArchitecture.com
986:Castagna, P. P. (1865).
904:Treasures of the Knights
794:Juan de Homedes y Coscon
651:, originally in 1912 as
428:Pre-history to antiquity
26:Not to be confused with
3197:Siege of Tripoli (1551)
3192:Invasion of Gozo (1551)
1183:Ellul, Michael (1988).
898:Other buildings and art
64:fortifications of Birgu
3289:Catholicism portal
3157:Battle of Arsuf (1191)
2668:Santa Margherita Lines
2409:Malteser International
2374:Diplomatic missions to
2369:Diplomatic missions of
1159:www.independent.com.mt
762:
733:
707:
558:
516:
502:
360:
346:
319:
314:
206:partially on occasions
104:Map of Fort St. Angelo
91:Upper Barrakka Gardens
44:
3212:Raid on Żejtun (1614)
2718:Grand Master's Palace
2473:Flag and coat of arms
2294:, founded in 1099 in
1475:Military Architecture
966:UNESCO Tentative List
939:The Malta Independent
760:
731:
705:
687:Royal Malta Artillery
632:Carlos de Grunenbergh
556:
377:Carlos de Grunenbergh
154:; previously a castle
131:35.89194°N 14.51833°E
3222:Loss of Malta (1798)
3162:Siege of Acre (1291)
2830:Castille et Portugal
2825:Auvergne et Provence
2308:Kingdom of Jerusalem
1570:on 14 February 2016.
1260:Town Planning Review
786:Great Siege of Malta
592:Great Siege of Malta
413:World Heritage Sites
373:Great Siege of Malta
292:Garrison information
278:Great Siege of Malta
3266:World Heritage Site
3252:extraterritoriality
3025:Krak des Chevaliers
2766:Our Lady of Victory
2461:Society and culture
1590:. 28 September 2015
1359:on 19 November 2014
1003:Brincat, Joseph M.
824:original features.
784:By the time of the
716:extraterritoriality
583:Antonio Ferramolino
563:Order of Saint John
510:"Castle by the sea"
365:Order of Saint John
320:Fortizza Sant'Anġlu
239:Order of Saint John
176:Government of Malta
127: /
2756:Our Lady of Liesse
2076:Fort San Salvatore
1451:. 3 September 2010
1423:on 20 October 2013
1239:on 11 January 2017
909:2015-06-05 at the
798:gunpowder magazine
763:
734:
708:
668:nine-inch RML guns
559:
182:Controlled by
136:35.89194; 14.51833
3297:
3296:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3171:Sieges of Rhodes
2969:Saint John d'Acre
2921:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2761:Our Lady of Pilar
2450:Ships of the line
2364:Foreign relations
2332:Sovereign Council
2292:international law
2288:sovereign subject
2284:order of chivalry
2224:
2223:
1012:melitensiawth.com
685:and later by the
636:French occupation
575:Chapel of St Anne
557:St. Anne's Chapel
537:By 1445 a Mariam
353:Castle by the Sea
323:) is a bastioned
304:
303:
251:13th century–1979
230:13th century–1691
3382:
3350:Castles in Malta
3287:
3286:
3277:
3264:
3263:
3248:
3247:
3082:
3081:
3040:
3023:
3022:
3009:
2984:Belvoir Fortress
2900:
2881:
2867:
2845:
2811:
2794:
2793:
2733:San Anton Palace
2646:
2645:
2632:
2614:
2613:
2593:
2592:
2574:
2573:
2555:
2554:
2538:
2537:
2441:
2431:
2422:
2407:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2273:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2228:
2227:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2201:
2200:
2164:
2163:
2096:
2095:
2053:
2052:
2030:
2029:
2015:Fort St. Michael
1997:
1996:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1950:
1949:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1911:on July 13, 2015
1910:
1899:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1875:on July 14, 2015
1874:
1863:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1839:on July 14, 2015
1838:
1827:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1803:on July 14, 2015
1802:
1791:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1767:on July 13, 2015
1766:
1755:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1731:on July 14, 2015
1730:
1719:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1698:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1671:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1652:on July 14, 2015
1651:
1640:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1615:Malta-Canada.com
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1566:. Archived from
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1481:on 11 March 2016
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1387:. Archived from
1375:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1355:. Archived from
1343:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1320:"Fort St Angelo"
1316:
1310:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1235:. Archived from
1224:
1218:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1189:
1180:
1174:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1138:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1115:. Archived from
1114:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1089:
1080:
1074:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1049:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1021:on 4 March 2016.
1020:
1014:. Archived from
1009:
1000:
994:
993:
983:
977:
976:
974:
972:
958:
952:
951:
949:
947:
930:
889:
874:
862:
850:
838:
609:
519:
512:
511:
505:
477:
471:
470:
461:
458:
434:place of worship
361:Castello al Mare
354:
349:
322:
315:Forti Sant'Anġlu
250:
229:
167:Site information
142:
141:
139:
138:
137:
132:
128:
125:
124:
123:
120:
102:
87:
78:
55:
47:
45:Forti Sant'Anġlu
33:
32:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3281:
3258:
3242:
3226:
3138:
3076:
3069:
3043:
3017:
2955:
2913:
2848:
2785:
2737:
2704:
2673:Cottonera Lines
2640:
2626:Fort St Michael
2608:
2589:
2581:
2568:
2549:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2502:
2456:
2436:(Historically:
2390:
2337:Chapter General
2310:
2301:
2299:
2274:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2225:
2220:
2209:
2207:
2195:
2186:
2158:
2153:
2134:Fort San Lucian
2090:
2085:
2047:
2042:
2024:
2019:
2005:Fort St. Angelo
1991:
1986:
1977:
1930:
1925:
1924:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1878:
1876:
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1789:
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1708:
1692:
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1684:
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1673:
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1665:
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1649:
1638:
1634:
1633:
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1619:
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1603:
1593:
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1580:
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1575:
1554:
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1540:
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1499:
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1469:
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1454:
1452:
1441:
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1436:
1426:
1424:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1394:
1392:
1391:on 20 July 2008
1377:
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1345:
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1202:
1187:
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1177:
1170:
1166:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1132:
1131:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1110:"Archived copy"
1108:
1107:
1103:
1087:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1066:
1057:
1055:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1018:
1007:
1001:
997:
984:
980:
970:
968:
960:
959:
955:
945:
943:
942:. 12 March 2012
932:
931:
924:
919:
911:Wayback Machine
900:
893:
890:
881:
875:
866:
863:
854:
851:
842:
839:
830:
769:consisted of a
755:
700:
681:(manned by the
644:
621:
620:
619:
617:
612:
611:
610:
551:
549:Knights' period
532:Aragonese crown
484:
459:
430:
425:
367:as a bastioned
307:Fort St. Angelo
284:
280:
276:
272:
270:Battle of Malta
205:
201:the public
200:
194:
190:
186:
135:
133:
129:
126:
121:
118:
116:
114:
113:
105:
93:
70:
57:
49:
36:Fort St. Angelo
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3388:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3315:Forts in Malta
3312:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3279:
3272:
3256:
3239:
3236:
3235:
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3027:
3015:
3010:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2942:
2937:
2935:Fortifications
2931:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2892:
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2791:
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2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2747:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2728:Verdala Palace
2725:
2723:Vilhena Palace
2720:
2714:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2663:Floriana Lines
2660:
2655:
2638:
2633:
2619:
2616:Fort St Angelo
2601:
2599:
2597:Fortifications
2590:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2566:
2546:
2544:
2535:
2504:
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2501:
2500:
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2424:Military Corps
2416:
2411:
2400:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2384:United Nations
2381:
2379:European Union
2376:
2371:
2361:
2356:
2342:Grand Priories
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2254:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2231:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2216:British Empire
2205:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2139:Fort St. Rocco
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2100:
2098:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2057:
2055:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2034:
2032:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1999:
1988:
1987:
1976:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1929:
1928:External links
1926:
1923:
1922:
1886:
1850:
1814:
1778:
1742:
1706:
1663:
1627:
1609:Scerri, John.
1601:
1587:Times of Malta
1573:
1548:
1537:. 2 April 2013
1534:Times of Malta
1520:
1509:. 5 March 2012
1506:Times of Malta
1492:
1462:
1448:Times of Malta
1434:
1402:
1370:
1338:
1311:
1300:
1281:
1250:
1219:
1208:
1205:on 2 May 2019.
1194:(in Italian).
1175:
1164:
1146:
1101:
1075:
1064:
1036:
1024:
995:
978:
953:
921:
920:
918:
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914:
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899:
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845:
843:
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833:
829:
826:
821:
820:
812:
805:
754:
751:
743:Heritage Malta
699:
698:Recent history
696:
643:
642:British period
640:
614:
613:
604:
603:
602:
601:
600:
550:
547:
483:
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429:
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421:
302:
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274:Attack of 1551
267:
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257:
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236:
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225:
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188:Heritage Malta
183:
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156:
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143:
111:
107:
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95:
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88:
80:
79:
67:
66:
59:
58:
41:
38:
37:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3387:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
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3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3271:
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3262:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3246:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3223:
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3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3186:
3183:
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3178:
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3170:
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3155:
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3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3135:
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3127:
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3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
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3087:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3072:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3048:Other regions
3046:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2989:Chastel Rouge
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2951:Bodrum Castle
2948:
2947:
2943:
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2938:
2936:
2933:
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2930:
2928:
2924:
2910:
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2818:
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2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2688:Fort Chambray
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2678:Fort Ricasoli
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2557:Palazzo Malta
2553:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2498:Postal system
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2468:Maltese cross
2466:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2430:
2425:
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2412:
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2406:
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2338:
2335:
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2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2252:
2247:
2245:
2240:
2238:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2217:
2206:
2204:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2183:
2182:Fort Mellieħa
2180:
2178:
2177:Fort Campbell
2175:
2173:
2172:Fort Benghisa
2170:
2169:
2167:
2162:
2156:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2144:Fort Tas-Silġ
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2129:Fort Pembroke
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2119:Fort Madalena
2117:
2115:
2114:Fort Leonardo
2112:
2110:
2109:Fort Delimara
2107:
2105:
2104:Fort Binġemma
2102:
2101:
2099:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2061:Fort Chambray
2059:
2058:
2056:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2038:Fort Ricasoli
2036:
2035:
2033:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2010:Fort St. Elmo
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1995:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1974:
1969:
1967:
1962:
1960:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1907:
1903:
1896:
1890:
1871:
1867:
1860:
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1835:
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1818:
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1589:
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1390:
1386:
1385:
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1358:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1342:
1327:
1326:
1325:Lonely Planet
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2354:Associations
2350:Commanderies
2322:Grand Master
2315:Organisation
2165:20th century
2149:Fort Verdala
2097:19th century
2054:18th century
2031:17th century
2004:
1998:16th century
1913:. Retrieved
1906:the original
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402:World War II
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266:Battles/wars
219:Site history
199:Open to
62:Part of the
42:
3035:Mount Tabor
2781:St Lawrence
2683:Fort Manoel
2396:Auxiliaries
2066:Fort Manoel
1395:26 December
679:Bofors guns
590:during the
482:Middle Ages
343:called the
245:In use
134: /
110:Coordinates
3304:Categories
2815:Angleterre
2771:St Barbara
2693:Fort Tigné
2658:Cittadella
2346:Bailiwicks
2327:Governance
2194:Built by:
2124:Fort Mosta
2081:Fort Tigné
2071:Fort Rohan
1126:2018-06-26
1058:2019-08-26
917:References
775:outer ward
771:shell keep
691:Royal Navy
464:Al-Himyarī
351:(English:
150:Bastioned
119:35°53′31″N
3013:Gibelacar
2979:Abu Ghosh
2961:Holy Land
2862:Allemagne
2806:Allemagne
2512:including
2488:Passports
2433:Air Force
2296:Jerusalem
664:St Angelo
561:When the
524:Aragonese
397:St Angelo
393:or later
386:known as
260:Limestone
256:Materials
211:Condition
122:14°31′6″E
3086:Crusades
3075:Military
2946:Anatolia
2909:Provence
2890:Castille
2876:Auvergne
2854:Valletta
2790:Auberges
2743:Churches
2648:Valletta
2565:) (1869)
2527:premises
2493:Currency
2281:Catholic
1695:cite web
1135:cite web
1034:, p. 81.
907:Archived
819:British.
809:cavalier
596:Valletta
579:cavalier
494:Emperor
488:medieval
297:Garrison
3249:Extant
3144:Battles
3077:history
3055:Tripoli
3004:Coliath
2885:Bavière
2710:Palaces
2622:Senglea
2618:(2001))
2562:capital
2533:battles
2508:History
2359:Langues
2268:topics
1915:13 July
1879:13 July
1843:13 July
1807:13 July
1771:13 July
1735:13 July
1685:27 June
1656:13 July
1620:27 June
1611:"Birgu"
1513:5 March
1455:30 July
1270:: 183.
971:15 July
946:16 July
828:Gallery
816:battery
673:During
543:convent
528:Angevin
449:granite
438:Astarte
423:History
357:Italian
311:Maltese
52:Maltese
3270:UNESCO
3030:Margat
2927:Rhodes
2904:Italie
2895:France
2871:Aragon
2840:Italie
2835:France
2820:Aragon
2699:others
2578:(1869)
2478:Anthem
2305:
2263:
2213:
1054:. 2016
753:Layout
655:Egmont
453:chapel
445:ashlar
410:UNESCO
390:Egmont
341:castle
214:Intact
48:
2798:Birgu
2636:Mdina
2605:Birgu
2587:Malta
2517:sites
2514:major
1984:Malta
1980:Forts
1909:(PDF)
1898:(PDF)
1873:(PDF)
1862:(PDF)
1837:(PDF)
1826:(PDF)
1801:(PDF)
1790:(PDF)
1765:(PDF)
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1729:(PDF)
1718:(PDF)
1650:(PDF)
1639:(PDF)
1266:(3).
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1203:(PDF)
1188:(PDF)
1172:p. 22
1120:(PDF)
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1008:(PDF)
588:Turks
567:Birgu
333:Malta
329:Birgu
224:Built
172:Owner
76:Malta
72:Birgu
3185:1522
3180:1480
3175:1444
2974:Arqa
2542:Rome
2531:and
2443:Navy
2286:and
1917:2015
1881:2015
1845:2015
1809:2015
1773:2015
1737:2015
1701:link
1687:2015
1658:2015
1622:2015
1596:2015
1543:2014
1515:2012
1487:2014
1457:2011
1429:2014
1397:2011
1365:2014
1333:2014
1245:2014
1141:link
973:2015
948:2015
879:SMOM
653:HMS
475:ḥiṣn
395:HMS
388:HMS
369:fort
325:fort
159:Area
152:fort
147:Type
3134:9th
3129:8th
3124:7th
3119:6th
3114:5th
3109:4th
3104:3rd
3099:2nd
3094:1st
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1982:in
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1272:doi
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