133:
561:
590:(strong) of their blade (a "parry"). This switches the "priority" to the fencer who just parried. The second way priority can be switched is if the attacking fencer's attack misses (this is generally judged off the attacking fencer's arm extension. The final major way "priority" can be shifted is if the defending fencer "beats" their opponent's blade (this can also be used by the attacking fencer to make it clear to the referee that they are continuing their attack) this involves striking the
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apparatus illuminates an appropriate light. Color-coding is used: white or yellow indicates hits not on the valid target area, and either red or green indicate hits on the valid target area (red for one fencer, green for the other). When fencing, the FIA (international fencing federation) states that the tip requires a minimum of 500 grams to complete the circuit.
198:
with a button at the tip in electric blades, that provides information when the blade tip touches the opponent. (There are also a range of plastic swords made by varying manufacturers for use by juniors.) Lacking the button and associated electrical mechanism, a judge is required to determine the scoring and the victor in a tournament with non-electric foils.
175:
556:
In foil the valid target area includes the torso (including the lower part of the bib of the mask) and the groin. The head (except the lower part of the bib of the mask), arms, and legs are considered off target. Touches made off-target do not count for points, but do stop play. Touches to the guard
436:
Age groups are necessary to separate skill and body maturity levels in order to create a level playing field. The current age groups for foil (and also épée and sabre) are Y10 (age 10 and under), Y12 (age 12 and under), Y14 (age 14 and under), cadet (age 16 and under), junior (age 19 and under), and
379:
writes "let the foils be brought"), the use as a weapon for sport is more recent. The foil was used in France as a training weapon in the middle of the 18th century in order to practice fast and elegant thrust fencing. Fencers blunted the point by wrapping a foil around the blade or fastening a knob
265:
A foil fitted with an
Italian grip. The Italian grip is still in use as the initial teaching weapon in Italy and many other countries that follow the Italian pedagogical tradition. While still in use with many classical fencers, most competitive sport fencers have abandoned the Italian grip in favor
326:
The electric foil contains a socket underneath the guard that connects to the scoring apparatus via the body cord and a wire that runs down a channel cut into the top of the blade. Electric foil sockets are fixed so that the body cord plugs into the weapon at the fencer's wrist. There are two main
197:
There are two types of foil used in modern fencing. Both types are made with the same basic parts: the pommel, grip, guard, and blade. The difference between them is one is electric, and the other is known as "steam" or "dry". The blades of both varieties are capped with a plastic or rubber piece,
468:
Rules for the sport of fencing date back to the 19th century. The current international rules for foil were adopted by the FIE Committee for Foil on 12 June 1914. They are based on previous sets of rules adopted by national associations. The rules governing the use of electrical judging apparatus
418:
issued a new rule book stating that women were allowed to compete in foil (in bouts to four points or eight minutes), but touches below the waist (delineated by a dark-colored sash) were off-target. In 1957 they issued a new rule book including alternate rules for 8-point bouts (women's foil) and
399:
The target area for modern foil is said to come from a time when fencing was practiced with limited safety equipment. Another factor in the target area is that foil rules are derived from a period when dueling to the death was the norm. Hence, the favored target area is the torso, where the vital
579:
Foil competition and scoring is governed by the rules of priority, also known as right of way. Originally meant to indicate which competitor would have scored the touch (or lethally injured the other), it is now a main contributor to the appeal of the sport of fencing. In essence, it decides who
335:
The tip of the electric foil terminates in a button assembly that generally consists of a barrel, plunger, spring, and retaining screws. The circuit is a "normally closed" one, meaning that at rest there is always a complete power circuit; depressing the tip breaks this circuit, and the scoring
225:
as required for international competitions. To prevent the blade from breaking or causing harm to an opponent, the blade is made to bend upon impact with its target. The maximum length of the blade must be 90 cm (35 in). The length of the assembled weapon at maximum is 110 cm
1076:
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The cord of any type of electric fencing weapon goes through the fencing gear, coming out behind the fencer. The cord of a foil has one end connecting to the back of the fencing strip, and the other end attaches to the foil. The two ends are not interchangeable with one another.
241:(weak) which is the two thirds of the blade near the tip. There is a part of the blade contained within the grip called a tang. It extends past the grip enough to be fastened to the pommel and to hold the rest of the foil together. When an Italian grip is used, see below, a
427:
Ratings/Rankings are generally run by national fencing federations and use varying scales based on that particular federations system. These ratings are used as the basis for initial seeding into the pool rounds of tournaments and vary country to country.
477:
The foil is used as a thrusting (or point) weapon only. Contact with the side of the blade (a slap or slash) does not result in a score. The tip of the foil must be depressed for at least 15 (± .5) milliseconds while in contact with the opponent's
266:
of variations of the pistol grip, with the French grip used rarely. The French grip is easier to learn, but the pistol grip gives a wider range of handling. As of March 2019, the
Italian grip remains legal for use in modern competition.
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The basic rules are whoever the referee judges to be the attacking fencer has "priority". This "priority" can be changed in several ways. The first is the defending fencer deflects the attack from the fencer with "priority" with the
419:
10-point bouts (men at all weapons), with a requirement of a two-point advantage (15-minute time limit). In 1965 they issued a new rule book in which the target area for women's foil was made the same as that for men's foil.
482:(wire-mesh jacket which covers valid target area) to score a touch. The foil lamé only covers the torso while in sabre it covers the whole upper body. The tip must be able to support a minimum force of 4.90
274:. Two grips are used in foil: straight traditional grips with external pommels (Italian, French, Spanish, and orthopedic varieties); and the newer design of pistol grips, which fix the hand in a specific,
1029:
270:
The guard is fastened to the blade, plug, and grip. Then the pommel, a type of fastener, is attached to the grip and holds the rest together. The type of pommel used depends on the type of
411:
Women's foil was first competed at the
Olympics in 1924 in Paris, and was the only Olympic fencing event in which women competed until women's épée was introduced at the 1996 Olympics.
327:
sockets in use today: the "bayonette" which has a single prong and twists-locks into the foil, and the two prong, which has different diameters for each prong, held in place by a clip.
557:
are the only touches that do not stop play. The target area has been changed multiple times, with the latest change consisting of adding the bottom half of the bib to the target zone.
305:, scoring in foil has been accomplished by means of registering the touch with an electric circuit. A switch at the tip of the foil registers the touch, and a metallic foil vest, or
596:(weak) of their opponents blade with their own. If both fencers are judged by the referee to be seeking to beat each other's blades then the fencer who is on the attack is favored.
205:
and most national organizations require electric scoring apparatus since the 1956 Olympics, although some organizations still fence competitively with non-electric swords.
437:
senior (anything over 19). While an older competitor cannot compete in a younger category, the contrary is allowed and encouraged, in order to expedite learning.
226:(43 in), and the maximum weight must be less than 500 g (18 oz); however, most competition foils are lighter, closer to 350 g (12 oz).
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of total length 110 cm (43 in) or under, rectangular in cross section, weighing under 500 g (18 oz), with a blunt tip. As with the
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384:). In addition to practicing, some fencers took away the protection and used the sharp foil for duels. German students took up that practice in
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Rules used by the
Amateur Fencers’ League of America dating to 1891 can be found at the Museum of American Fencing site. See next reference.
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receives the point (there can only be one competitor that receives a point per engagement) when both competitors hit.
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166:, points are only scored by making contact with the tip. The foil is the most commonly used weapon in fencing.
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The rules for the sport of fencing are regulated by national sporting associations—in the United States, the
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Although the foil as a blunted weapon for sword practice goes back to the 16th century (for example, in
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Foils have standardized, tapered, rectangular blades in length and cross-section that are made of
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1344:"Blue/Finals Piste: Men's Foil Team Bronze & Gold Medal Bouts - Fencing | Tokyo 2020 Replays"
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The veteran age group consists of 40 and over, 60 and over, and 70 and over sub-groups.
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In 1896, foil (and sabre) were included as events in the first
Olympic Games in Athens.
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foils are also known to have been used, but their weight and use were very different.
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Foil, Saber, and Épée
Fencing: Skills, Safety, Operations, and Responsibilities
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490:) without the circuit breaking. This is tested with a 500g (± 3g) weight.
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position, and which have pommels that fit into a countersink in the grip.
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528: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
458:(USFA) and internationally by the International Fencing Federation, or
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1982:
1939:
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648:. Fédération Internationale d'Escrime. December 2022. pp. 12–16.
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235:(strong) which is the one third of the blade near the guard, and the
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Garret, Maxwell R.; Kaidanov, Emmanuil G.; Pezza, Gil A. (1994).
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362:, the common sidearm of 18th century gentleman. Rapier and even
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2020:
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728:"Size 3 Leon Paul Plastic Foil - Plastic - Swords - Mini-Fence"
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Physical
Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America
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The detailed rules for foil are listed in the USFA Rulebook.
354:"Pariser" small sword, from which the French foil was derived
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2094:
1906:
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1162:
Amateur
Fencers League of America Fencing Rules and Manual
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Amateur
Fencers League of America Fencing Rules and Manual
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were adopted in 1957 and have been amended several times.
350:
188:
exhibiting techniques of foil fencing at the 1900 Olympics
1164:. New York City: Amateur Fencers League of America, Inc.
1285:
Higginson, Steve; Jacobs, Peter; Smith, Peter (2014) .
201:
Non-electric ones are primarily used for practice. The
1138:
1120:
1309:
1307:
1174:
1156:
1146:. New York City: Amateur Fencers League of America.
1128:. New York City: Amateur Fencers League of America.
245:extends from under the guard, inside of the grip's
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1367:
905:Fencing Officials Commission (December 29, 2012).
660:"Fencing competition types: Foil, Sabre, and Epee"
169:
1385:
1304:
993:"THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOIL (Part 1) / LeonPaul.com"
154:is one of the three weapons used in the sport of
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1126:Amateur Fencers League of America Fencing Rules
358:The modern foil is the training weapon for the
293:Exploded view of a modern fencing foil, with a
1090:
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309:, verifies that the touch is on valid target.
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1406:
1315:"Weapons - Rules - Tokyo loves fencing - FIE"
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143:(R) in the final of the women's foil event,
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392:("Parisian") thrusting small sword for the
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229:The blade of a foil has two sections: the
1256:"Rule Books – Museum Of American Fencing"
1150:
1132:
1114:
907:"Referees' Commission: Is My Grip Legal?"
544:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
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14:
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776:Murgu, Andreia-Ileana (August 2006).
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526:adding citations to reliable sources
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58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
1443:Fédération Internationale d'Escrime
1381:U.S. Fencing organization home page
460:Fédération Internationale d'Escrime
203:Fédération Internationale d'Escrime
24:
1372:– International Fencing Federation
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816:
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297:and a bayonet-style body cord plug
25:
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456:United States Fencing Association
416:Amateur Fencers League of America
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27:Weapon and type of modern fencing
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1720:
1711:
1710:
1477:
1287:"The FIE Rules for Competitions"
502:
380:on the point ("blossom", French
145:2013 World Fencing Championships
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1168:
1101:
1046:
1019:in (accessed 20 February 2016).
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985:
961:
944:
920:
898:
753:"The technology behind fencing"
751:Nelson, Danielle (2015-03-17).
513:needs additional citations for
406:
170:Non-electric and electric foils
45:needs additional citations for
1494:Fencing at the Summer Olympics
843:
769:
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652:
634:
493:
13:
1:
1812:Straight swords (Double-edge)
1292:. British Fencing Association
1109:Fencing Equipment and History
1030:"A Parent's Guide to Fencing"
1015:William Shakespeare, Hamlet,
628:
192:
2211:Iron Age – Three Kingdom Era
1124:; et al., eds. (1940).
1107:Reference: Olympic website,
7:
1807:Curved swords (Single-edge)
1802:Thrusting swords (Edgeless)
1499:World Fencing Championships
1420:
1260:museumofamericanfencing.com
1111:(accessed 22 January 2016).
928:"Fencing - Organized sport"
599:
10:
3139:
1207:. In the Hands of a Child.
1204:Fencing: Ancient to Modern
1075:PutraDanayu (2021-03-30).
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2287:Heian – Kamakura periods
443:
208:
2971:Phra Saeng Khan Chai Si
2344:Meiji period and beyond
2323:Muromachi – Edo periods
1054:"The Basics of Fencing"
932:Encyclopedia Britannica
569:Priority (right of way)
312:
3118:Modern European swords
2202:Liaoning bronze dagger
1925:Migration Period sword
1098:(accessed 21 Jan 2016)
882:"USA Fencing Rulebook"
565:
396:("thrusting mensur").
355:
330:
298:
267:
189:
186:Jean-Baptiste Mimiague
147:
2537:Post-classical period
2227:Goryeo and Joseon era
2195:Bronze Age – Gojoseon
1917:Post-classical period
1513:Modern fencing topics
1140:Miguel A. de Capriles
1122:Miguel A. de Capriles
855:www.blue-gauntlet.com
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353:
344:Further information:
289:
264:
177:
139:(L) competes against
135:
2872:Spanish colonization
2266:Yayoi – Nara periods
1376:Components of a Foil
1181:. Penn State Press.
952:"FIE Material Rules"
703:www.physicalarts.com
564:Target area for foil
522:improve this article
221:low-carbon steel—or
54:improve this article
2585:Early modern period
2508:Parthian Long Sword
2414:Medieval and modern
2036:Basket-hilted sword
1960:Early modern period
1698:Martial arts manual
1530:High school fencing
1438:Glossary of fencing
1158:Jose R. de Capriles
301:Beginning with the
158:. It is a flexible
141:Carolin Golubytskyi
69:"Foil" fencing
2932:Post-Classic stage
2565:Turko-Mongol Sabre
2013:Late modern period
1535:Wheelchair fencing
1525:Collegiate fencing
1433:History of fencing
575:Priority (fencing)
566:
388:and developed the
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346:History of fencing
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1673:Modern pentathlon
1504:Fencing World Cup
1487:Main competitions
1319:tokyo2020.fie.org
1188:978-0-271-01019-9
973:www.fencing.ab.ca
969:"Fencing Weapons"
957:. September 2021.
699:"Fencing Weapons"
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130:
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16:(Redirected from
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3113:European weapons
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2475:Bronze Age sword
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2244:Four Tiger Sword
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1835:Bronze Age sword
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1726:Commons category
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1661:Related articles
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642:"Material Rules"
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386:academic fencing
291:Parts of a foil.
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3108:European swords
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1782:classifications
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1668:List of fencers
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1360:External links
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1222:"SportsEngine"
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1160:, ed. (1965).
1149:
1142:, ed. (1957).
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1042:on 2021-06-24.
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788:(3): 725–736.
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2066:Sword bayonet
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2046:Hunting sword
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1993:Espada ropera
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1797:Swordsmanship
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1345:
1339:
1325:on 2022-12-05
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1226:usfencing.org
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1094:FIE History:
1091:
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1080:
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871:
856:
852:
851:"Fencing 101"
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747:
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723:
709:on 2023-05-07
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516:
511:This section
509:
505:
500:
499:
491:
489:
485:
481:
470:
466:
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461:
457:
451:
450:Fencing rules
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328:
319:
310:
308:
304:
303:1956 Olympics
296:
295:Visconti grip
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74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2763:Dahong palay
2688:Parang Nabur
2668:Keris bahari
2620:Early period
2461:Central Asia
2051:Pistol sword
1935:Arming sword
1930:Viking sword
1693:Dueling scar
1607:Displacement
1602:Prise de fer
1463:
1349:olympics.com
1347:
1338:
1327:. Retrieved
1323:the original
1318:
1294:. Retrieved
1280:
1268:. Retrieved
1264:the original
1259:
1250:
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520:Please help
515:verification
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47:verification
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2984:Mesoamerica
2707:Philippines
2661:Late period
2459:Western and
2234:Bonguk geom
2218:Hwandudaedo
2130:Ming – Qing
2041:Small sword
1998:Swiss degen
1778:Sword types
1678:Knife fight
1621:Equipment (
1296:January 11,
912:January 11,
886:USA Fencing
831:USA Fencing
494:Target area
488:grams-force
377:Shakespeare
360:small-sword
249:, into the
18:Foil fencer
3102:Categories
2998:Macuahuitl
2754:(Binangon)
2545:Arab sword
2468:Prehistory
2366:Shikomizue
2116:Hook sword
1978:Katzbalger
1968:Zweihänder
1828:Prehistory
1683:Half-sword
1329:2021-10-13
1270:12 January
1231:12 January
1002:2021-06-21
978:2021-06-21
937:2021-10-13
891:2019-07-28
860:2019-07-28
836:2019-07-28
762:2019-07-28
737:2021-08-07
713:2019-07-28
669:2021-06-21
629:References
394:StoĂźmensur
193:Background
80:newspapers
2879:Balisword
2778:Ginunting
2722:Balasiong
2715:Classical
2612:Indonesia
2330:Wakizashi
2152:Yanmaodao
2121:Zhanmadao
1983:Cinquedea
1940:Longsword
1902:Rhomphaia
1632:Body cord
1549:Bladework
827:"Weapons"
802:1047-9651
778:"Fencing"
646:FIE Rules
364:longsword
276:ergonomic
3045:Mainland
3035:Acinaces
2964:Thailand
2948:Cambodia
2907:Mainland
2838:Sansibar
2798:Karambit
2788:Kampilan
2752:Binagong
2742:Batangas
2727:Bangkung
2555:Shamshir
2550:Scimitar
2503:Acinaces
2309:Nagamaki
2147:Changdao
2137:Liuyedao
2109:Medieval
2061:Spadroon
1950:Falchion
1945:Claymore
1887:Makhaira
1716:Category
1623:glossary
1612:Priority
1545:Footwork
810:16952760
664:ActiveSG
600:See also
247:quillons
219:annealed
215:tempered
3123:Fencing
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3030:Khopesh
2894:Tenegre
2889:Hagibis
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2843:Sundang
2833:Sanduko
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2570:Yatagan
2522:Falcata
2480:Khopesh
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2421:Firangi
2388:Ancient
2361:NinjatĹŤ
2304:Kodachi
2278:Tsurugi
2273:ChokutĹŤ
2239:Wungeom
2173:Miaodao
2088:Ancient
2056:Shashka
2031:Cutlass
2003:Colhona
1882:Falcata
1868:Gladius
1840:Khopesh
1736:Outline
1582:Riposte
1452:Weapons
1422:Fencing
484:newtons
473:Scoring
462:(FIE).
423:Ratings
390:Pariser
382:fleuret
340:History
243:ricasso
156:fencing
94:scholar
3083:Takoba
3078:Billao
3073:Shotel
3068:Flyssa
3063:Nimcha
3016:Africa
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2431:Talwar
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2335:Katana
2299:ĹŚdachi
2161:Modern
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1892:Spatha
1873:Xiphos
1821:Europe
1592:Flèche
1577:Remise
1572:Attack
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622:Rapier
593:foible
432:Groups
372:Hamlet
322:Socket
238:foible
182:(left)
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2823:Pirah
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2400:Urumi
2380:India
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2351:GuntĹŤ
2314:TantĹŤ
2294:Tachi
2258:Japan
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2168:Dadao
2142:Wodao
2080:China
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1988:Estoc
1878:Kopis
1863:Harpe
1647:Forte
1637:Piste
1597:Flick
1567:Feint
1562:Lunge
1557:Parry
1469:Sabre
1290:(PDF)
1078:Sword
1057:(PDF)
1040:(PDF)
1033:(PDF)
955:(PDF)
587:forte
486:(500
444:Rules
232:forte
209:Blade
160:sword
101:JSTOR
87:books
2858:Utak
2758:Bolo
2647:Gari
2593:Qama
2446:Pata
2095:Jian
1907:Falx
1897:Sica
1780:and
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1587:Ward
1464:Foil
1459:Épée
1298:2017
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1183:ISBN
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806:PMID
798:ISSN
612:Épée
480:lamé
313:Cord
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251:tang
217:and
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164:épée
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