209:(FICs) situated at airports in Halifax, Quebec City, London, Winnipeg, Edmonton and Kamloops. These provide standard en route flight services (weather briefing, flight-planning and commsearch). FSSs provide airport advisories, vehicle control, weather observations, clearance delivery, emergency assistance, and some provide Remote Aerodrome Advisory Services. FSSs are responsible for the safe and efficient movement of aircraft on manoeuvering areas and within their designated control zone. Most FSS stations are open 24/7; some have limited hours. They are no longer responsible for flight planning, except for sending departure and arrival messages to the appropriate FIC. The FICs have assumed the responsibility for flight plans, filing, in-flight alerting, flight plan closures, interpretive weather briefings and NOTAM (NOtices To AirMen) management. The FICs also have large areas they are overseeing and have networks of RCOs, some of which are co-located with FSS or air traffic control sites. The FICs are similar in function and scope to the FAA's former automated FSS system in the United States. North Bay FIC is tied into the
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radio frequencies are published in several FAA publications, including airport facility directories (AFD), VFR sectional maps, and IFR low and high altitude en route charts. When pilots have an inflight emergency, such as being lost, having smoke in the cockpit, or having low fuel and needing directions to the nearest airport with fuel, they call flight service for assistance. In addition, some (often more remote) airports now also have stations called
28:
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Flight service duties and responsibilities are divided into preflight, inflight and flight data. They also monitor the HIWAS and TIBS recorded weather briefings, which pilots can access via radio or phone. The services are provided at no charge to the flying public. Preflight – Primarily responsible for filing
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Canada has many mandatory frequency airports, which have enough traffic to justify special rules, but not enough to justify a control tower. Many of these airports have an onsite FSS that pilots are required to contact, while others have Remote
Aerodrome Advisory Services (RAAS) provided by an FSS in
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flights, pilots are required to file a flight plan or have a flight itinerary with a responsible person for any flight greater than 25 nm from the departure aerodrome. Also, in Canada, flight plans are opened automatically at the estimated time of departure (ETD). Flight information centres play
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Leidos until early 2016 had another inflight position called Flight Watch, which was dedicated to updating weather for aircraft en route. Radio now performs that function. Enroute Flight
Advisory Service (EFAS) or Flight Watch was designed to give pilots who are already airborne updates on weather
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In most cases, it is possible to reach flight service stations either by radio in flight, or by telephone on the ground. Recently, some countries, such as Canada and the United States, have been consolidating flight services into large regional centres, replacing former local flight service stations
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has taken over as of 17 August 2016, following a merger with
Lockheed Martin Information Systems & Global Solutions Business. (AFSS used to refer to the Automated Flight Service Station. ) The FAA still oversees flight service in Alaska. At this time Leidos operates two large hub facilities.
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In Canada, Flight
Information Centres (FIC) monitor the FISE frequencies (frequency 126.7 MHz is for broadcasts) as well as 121.5 MHz, the emergency frequency. However, Canadian FIC have phased out the use of 126.7 MHz for FISE (en route flight information) and are instead utilizing
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squawk codes to VFR aircraft which identify them to
Homeland Security's radar. They relay information on forest fires to the U.S. Forest Service. Inflight monitors VHF and UHF frequencies, VOR voices, and emergency frequencies – from 60 to 100 different frequencies per area. The United States FSS
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activities are initiated at Flight Data when VFR aircraft become overdue. Weather observers and airport tower operators call them to input weather observations or pilot reports to the
National Weather Service. LMFS added an option for pilots in 2013 called Surveillance Enhanced Search and Rescue,
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flight plans. They take position reports and changes of destination for both civilian and military aircraft. They relay IFR and SVFR clearances to aircraft on the ground either by phone or through their frequencies when there is no direct method of communication with the air traffic control
73:(PIREPs) and airport surface weather observations; offering traffic advisories to aircraft on the ground or in flight; relaying instructions or clearances from air traffic control; relaying information from or about airborne aircraft to their home bases, military bases or
205:, a government department. Currently, a private non-profit corporation, Nav Canada, operates both FSS/FIC and air traffic control and has significantly modernized the system, which involved the closing of some local FSSs. However, the company in turn created six large
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a daily or annual fee, depending on aircraft weight, to support all air traffic services, both FSS and air traffic control (for a light private aircraft, the fee is approximately CAD 70/year). Foreign light aircraft entering Canada are billed a quarterly fee.
54:(ATC), is not responsible for giving instructions or clearances or providing separation. They do, however, relay clearances from ATC for departure or approaches. The people who communicate with pilots from an FSS are referred to as flight service specialists.
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The Flight Data position in flight service is an informational clearinghouse that pilots seldom speak to unless they are calling for an IFR clearance by telephone. Flight Data is responsible for coordination with other air traffic facilities, U.S Customs and
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77:, providing weather advisories to aircraft inflight, initiating search and rescue on missing VFR aircraft, and providing assistance in an emergency. In many countries, flight service stations also operate at
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Inflight – which the pilots call “Radio” (which is the ICAO standard callsign for a generic air-to-ground advisory station and employed for a number of functions worldwide), activates, cancels, and alters
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a prominent role managing flight plans, collecting position reports from pilots en route, and initiating commsearch procedures to locate pilots who have not closed flight plans.
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to help co-ordinate traffic in the absence of air traffic controllers, and may take over a control tower frequency at a controlled airport when the tower is closed.
111:, giving preflight weather briefings, and providing information concerning air traffic, they also take information from pilots coming into the US to notify the
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As of 2005, the FAA federal contractor for their flight service function throughout the continental U.S., Hawaii and the
Caribbean was Lockheed Martin (LMFS).
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during their current flight, and take pilots' reports or PIREPS, which they enter into the computer for transmission to the
National Weather Service.
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The precise services offered by stations vary by country, but typical FSS services may include providing preflight briefings including weather and
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discrete frequencies. This is to decrease the frequency congestion often experienced on 126.7. These frequencies are found in the
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that an aircraft is inbound. The Leidos call tree has the ability to route calls to any flight service facility in the country.
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coast. Quebec City, North-Bay and
Kamloops FIC also assist and oversee the "Community Aerodrome Radio Station" (CARS) program.
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facility governing the area. At border stations, Radio also takes information from aircraft crossing into the U.S., and issues
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in accordance with international nomenclature, but this is implemented as an ATIS or AWOS-like recording, not a live service.
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Until 1996, the
Canadian federal government operated all air traffic services (FSS and air traffic control) through
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SE-SAR, which allows them to keep track of en route aircraft via satellite. Flight Data issues some types of
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a different location. Rarely, an airport will have Mandatory Frequency Area rules, but no ground station.
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Radio can take flight plans and give pre-flight briefings over the radio in extenuating circumstances.
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There is no per-use charge for flight services, but aircraft owners are required to pay
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46:) is an air traffic facility that provides information and services to
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The Lone Rock Flight Service Station from 1928 to 1985, in the
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system, and has a network of 23 RCOs located across Canada's
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159:(NOTAMs) through the FAA's E-Notam II computer system.
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277:"Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) - Page 682"
243:"Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) - Page 632"
352:Air Traffic Organization Policy - Flight Services
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473:US Department of Transportation (3 April 2014),
393:"AirNav: PAKT - Ketchikan International Airport"
350:US Department of Transportation (7 March 2013),
50:before, during, and after flights, but unlike
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504:
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475:Order JO 7930.2P Notices to Airmen (NOTAM)
327:"Leidos Investor Relations - News Release"
211:North American Aerospace Defense Command
69:(NAVAIDs); collecting and disseminating
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61:(NOTAMs); filing, opening, and closing
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546:
443:section 7-1-5, retrieved 21 March 2014
181:Unlike in the United States, even for
93:Flight services in different countries
98:Flight services in the United States
302:"Flight Service by Lockheed Martin"
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25:
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89:(RCOs) connected to the centres.
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441:Aeronautical Information Manual
437:Federal Aviation Administration
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113:United States Customs Service
87:remote communications outlets
79:mandatory frequency airports
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510:"Customer Guide to Charges"
454:"Surveillance-Enhanced SAR"
10:
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207:Flight Information Centres
166:
477:, retrieved 21 March 2014
361:, retrieved 21 March 2014
169:Flight Information Centre
163:Flight services in Canada
176:Canada Flight Supplement
487:Canadian AIM RAC 3.6.1
40:flight service station
35:
18:Flight Service Station
539:Leidos Flight Service
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516:on 27 September 2011
372:"Preflight Services"
215:North Warning System
554:Air traffic control
417:"Inflight Services"
52:air traffic control
33:EAA Aviation Museum
508:(September 2008).
492:2012-04-19 at the
357:2009-08-15 at the
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266:FAA order 7110.10
157:Notices to Airmen
152:Search and rescue
146:Homeland security
75:homeland security
67:navigational aids
59:notices to airmen
16:(Redirected from
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512:. Archived from
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48:aircraft pilots
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533:External links
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518:. Retrieved
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109:flight plans
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63:flight plans
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311:2 September
286:2 September
252:2 September
126:transponder
506:Nav Canada
460:2014-03-22
423:2014-03-22
402:2024-05-30
378:2014-03-22
331:leidos.com
281:faraim.org
247:faraim.org
229:References
191:Nav Canada
336:19 August
548:Category
490:Archived
355:Archived
306:afss.com
213:(NORAD)
178:(CFS).
520:8 June
456:. AFSS
419:. AFSS
374:. AFSS
223:Arctic
217:(NWS)
104:Leidos
219:radar
85:with
522:2011
338:2016
313:2015
288:2015
254:2015
131:AFIS
183:VFR
121:VFR
44:FSS
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
