Flat Earth - Knowledge

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but by scientific conjecture, on the ground that the Earth is suspended within the concavity of the sky, and that it has as much room on the one side of it as on the other: hence they say that the part that is beneath must also be inhabited. But they do not remark that, although it be supposed or scientifically demonstrated that the world is of a round and spherical form, yet it does not follow that the other side of the Earth is bare of water; nor even, though it be bare, does it immediately follow that it is peopled. For Scripture, which proves the truth of its historical statements by the accomplishment of its prophecies, gives no false information; and it is too absurd to say, that some men might have taken ship and traversed the whole wide ocean, and crossed from this side of the world to the other, and that thus even the inhabitants of that distant region are descended from that one first man.

1070:, there are also affirmations that the sphere of the sky has Earth in its center and the sky being equally distant on all sides. Other researchers have argued these points as well. "The work remained unsurpassed until the thirteenth century and was regarded as the summit of all knowledge. It became an essential part of European medieval culture. Soon after the invention of typography it appeared many times in print." However, "The Scholastics – later medieval philosophers, theologians, and scientists – were helped by the Arabic translators and commentaries, but they hardly needed to struggle against a flat-Earth legacy from the early middle ages (500–1050). Early medieval writers often had fuzzy and imprecise impressions of both Ptolemy and Aristotle and relied more on Pliny, but they felt (with one exception), little urge to assume flatness." 1218: 479: 3740:: "When therefore thou beholdest not a small pebble, but the whole earth borne upon the waters, and not submerged, admire the power of Him who wrought these marvellous things in a supernatural manner! And whence does this appear, that the earth is borne upon the waters? The prophet declares this when he says, 'He hath founded it upon the seas, and prepared it upon the floods.' And again: 'To him who hath founded the earth upon the waters.' What sayest thou? The water is not able to support a small pebble on its surface, and yet bears up the earth, great as it is; and mountains, and hills, and cities, and plants, and men, and brutes; and it is not submerged!" 1114: 860: 913:, is now widely considered the most valuable geographical document of the early medieval age, although it received relatively little attention from contemporaries. In it, the author repeatedly expounds the doctrine that the universe consists of only two places, the Earth below the firmament and heaven above it. Carefully drawing on arguments from scripture, he describes the Earth as a rectangle, 400 days' journey long by 200 wide, surrounded by four oceans and enclosed by four massive walls which support the firmament. The spherical Earth theory is contemptuously dismissed as "pagan". 984: 48: 622: 716: 442:

more. However, if you hang the apple near the wall, it will not get hot; the candle will light up the whole house; and the shadow on the wall where the apple hangs will be scarcely half as large as the apple itself. From this you may infer that the Earth-circle is round like a ball and not equally near the sun at every point. But where the curved surface lies nearest the sun's path, there will the greatest heat be; and some of the lands that lie continuously under the unbroken rays cannot be inhabited.

1182: 939: 326: 1443: 806:(c. 290 AD), an eastern Christian writing against "the theory of the Chaldeans and the Egyptians" said: "Let us first lay bare ... the theory of the Chaldeans and the Egyptians. They say that the circumference of the universe is likened to the turnings of a well-rounded globe, the Earth being a central point. They say that since its outline is spherical, ... the Earth should be the center of the universe, around which the heaven is whirling." 125:. By the early period of the Christian Church, the spherical view was widely held, with some notable exceptions. In contrast, ancient Chinese scholars consistently describe the Earth as flat, and this perception remained unchanged until their encounters with Jesuit missionaries in the 17th century. Traditionalist Muslim scholars have maintained that the earth is flat, though, since the 9th century, Muslim scholars tended to believe in a spherical Earth. 3423:, Vol. 15 (1978), pp. 533–633 (554ff.), Quote: "In the Purānas, the Earth is a flat-bottomed, circular disk, in the center of which is a lofty mountain, Meru. Surrounding Meru is the circular continent Jambūdvīpa, which is in turn surrounded by a ring of water known as the Salt Ocean. There follow alternating rings of land and sea until there are seven continents and seven oceans. In the southern quarter of Jambūdvīpa lies India–Bhāratavarsa." 1074: 201: 526:

enclosed by Heaven, rather than merely covered from above as the Kai Tian describes. Chinese astronomers, many of them brilliant men by any standards, continued to think in flat-Earth terms until the seventeenth century; this surprising fact might be the starting-point for a re-examination of the apparent facility with which the idea of a spherical Earth found acceptance in fifth-century BC Greece.

535:, who argued that the movements of the round heaven would be hindered by a square Earth, did not advocate a spherical Earth, but rather that its edge should be rounded off so as to be circular. However, Needham disagrees, affirming that Li Ye believed the Earth to be spherical, similar in shape to the heavens but much smaller. This was preconceived by the 4th-century scholar 825:, another eastern Christian writing sometime around 305 AD, described the round Earth: "In the first place, indeed, the world itself is neither right nor left. It has neither upper nor lower regions, nor front nor back. For whatever is round and bounded on every side by the circumference of a solid sphere, has no beginning or end ..." 1273:

Prior to the introduction of Greek cosmology into the Islamic world, Muslims tended to view the Earth as flat, and Muslim traditionalists who rejected Greek philosophy continued to hold to this view later on while various theologians held opposing opinions. Beginning in the 10th century onwards, some

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Modern believers in a flat Earth face overwhelming publicly accessible evidence of Earth's sphericity. They also need to explain why governments, media outlets, schools, scientists, surveyors, airlines and other organizations accept that the world is spherical. To satisfy these tensions and maintain

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in the latter half of the 1400s gave wide-scale observational evidence for Earth's sphericity. In these explorations, the Sun's position moved more northward the further south the explorers travelled. Its position directly overhead at noon gave evidence for crossing the equator. These apparent solar

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As for the perverse and sinful doctrine which he (Virgil) against God and his own soul has uttered – if it shall be clearly established that he professes belief in another world and other men existing beneath the Earth, or in (another) sun and moon there, thou art to hold a council, deprive him

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If you take a lighted candle and set it in a room, you may expect it to light up the entire interior, unless something should hinder, though the room be quite large. But if you take an apple and hang it close to the flame, so near that it is heated, the apple will darken nearly half the room or even

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Before learning from their social environment, a child's perception of their physical environment often leads to a false concept about the shape of Earth and what happens beyond the horizon. Many children think that Earth ends there and that one can fall off the edge. Education helps them gradually

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works in 12th- and 13th-century French texts the Earth was considered "round like a table" rather than "round like an apple". She writes, "n virtually all the examples quoted ... from epics and from non-'historical' romances (that is, works of a less learned character) the actual form of words

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A recent study of medieval concepts of the sphericity of the Earth noted that "since the eighth century, no cosmographer worthy of note has called into question the sphericity of the Earth". However, the work of these intellectuals may not have had significant influence on public opinion, and it is

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missionaries in the seventeenth century. While the heavens were variously described as being like an umbrella covering the Earth (the Kai Tian theory), or like a sphere surrounding it (the Hun Tian theory), or as being without substance while the heavenly bodies float freely (the Hsüan yeh theory),

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But as to the fable that there are Antipodes, that is to say, men on the opposite side of the Earth, where the sun rises when it sets to us, men who walk with their feet opposite ours that is on no ground credible. And, indeed, it is not affirmed that this has been learned by historical knowledge,

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In a passage of Zhang Heng's cosmogony not translated by Needham, Zhang himself says: "Heaven takes its body from the Yang, so it is round and in motion. Earth takes its body from the Yin, so it is flat and quiescent". The point of the egg analogy is simply to stress that the Earth is completely

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Some authorities have suggested that the sphericity of the Earth was among the aspects of Vergilius's teachings that Boniface and Zachary considered objectionable. Others have considered this unlikely, and take the wording of Zachary's response to indicate at most an objection to belief in the

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The Vedic texts contain several depictions of the shape of the cosmos. The Rigveda alone contains two basic images of the cosmos: a bipartite cosmos, consisting of the two spheres of heavens and Earth, and a tripartite cosmos consisting of the three spheres of heavens and Earth

695:(1st century BC) opposed the concept of a spherical Earth, because he considered that an infinite universe had no center towards which heavy bodies would tend. Thus, he thought the idea of animals walking around topsy-turvy under the Earth was absurd. By the 1st century AD, 849:

Some historians do not view Augustine's scriptural commentaries as endorsing any particular cosmological model, endorsing instead the view that Augustine shared the common view of his contemporaries that the Earth is spherical, in line with his endorsement of science in

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And Jafnhárr said: "Of the blood, which ran and welled forth freely out of his wounds, they made the sea, when they had formed and made firm the Earth together, and laid the sea in a ring round. about her; and it may well seem a hard thing to most men to cross over it."

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and the philosophers who fancied that "the universe is round like a ball. They also thought that heaven revolves in accordance with the motion of the heavenly bodies. ... For that reason, they constructed brass globes, as though after the figure of the universe."

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surrounding the Earth and that the latter could be either square or round, in accordance to the shape of the heavens. When Chinese geographers of the 17th century, influenced by European cartography and astronomy, showed the Earth as a sphere that could be

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zones were adjacent to each other. He did not admit the possibility of antipodes, which he took to mean people dwelling on the opposite side of the Earth, considering them legendary and noting that there was no evidence for their existence. Isidore's

856:. C. P. E. Nothaft, responding to writers like Leo Ferrari who described Augustine as endorsing a flat Earth, says that "...other recent writers on the subject treat Augustine’s acceptance of the earth’s spherical shape as a well-established fact". 4224:

De perversa autem et iniqua doctrina, quae contra Deum et animam suam locutus est, si clarificatum fuerit ita eum confiteri, quod alius mundus et alii homines sub terra seu sol et luna, hunc habito concilio ab ęcclesia pelle sacerdotii honore

2143:, Utterance 366, 629a–29c: "Behold, thou art great and round like the Great Round; Behold, thou are bent around, and art round like the Circle which encircles the nbwt; Behold, thou art round and great like the Great Circle which sets." 1312:

argues that though this verse does describe a flat surface, it is limited in its application to local regions of the Earth which are roughly flat as opposed to the Earth as a whole. Others who would support a ball-shaped Earth included

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Further examples cited by Needham supposed to demonstrate dissenting voices from the ancient Chinese consensus actually refer without exception to the Earth being square, not to it being flat. Accordingly, the 13th-century scholar

2364:(V. 14). "Here Tethys' all-embracing arms were wrought, and Okeanos fathomless flow. The outrushing flood of Rivers crying to the echoing hills all round, to right, to left, rolled o'er the land." Translation by Way, A.S. 1913. 2352:(3rd century BC) included numerous flat Earth references (IV. 590 ff): "Now that river, rising from the ends of the Earth, where are the portals and mansions of Nyx (Night), on one side bursts forth upon the beach of Okeanos." 2695:

Herodotus knew of the conventional view, according to which the river Ocean runs around a circular flat Earth (4.8), and of the division of the world into three – Jacoby, RE Suppl. 2.352 ff, yet rejected this personal belief

6798: 1031:, diverse views such as that the Earth "resembles a wheel" resembling Anaximander in language and the map that he provided. This was widely interpreted as referring to a disc-shaped Earth. An illustration from Isidore's 746:, yielding a flat model. They are also described as bowls or leather bags, yielding a concave model. According to Macdonell: "the conception of the Earth being a disc surrounded by an ocean does not appear in the 593:

also discusses how to determine the distance of the Sun by measuring the length of noontime shadows at different latitudes, a method similar to Eratosthenes' measurement of the circumference of the Earth, but the

168:, only 82% of 18 to 24 year old respondents agreed with the statement "I have always believed the world is round". However, a firm belief in a flat Earth is rare, with less than 2% acceptance in all age groups. 5688: 461:, the prevailing belief was that the Earth was flat and square, while the heavens were round, an assumption virtually unquestioned until the introduction of European astronomy in the 17th century. The English 1408:

In the 19th century, a historical myth arose which held that the predominant cosmological doctrine during the Middle Ages was that the Earth was flat. An early proponent of this myth was the American writer

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by sailing around the globe, they did so with formulaic terminology previously used by Zhang Heng to describe the spherical shape of the Sun and Moon (i.e. that they were as round as a crossbow bullet).

521:, to conjecture that Chinese astronomers were, after all, aware of the Earth's sphericity. The egg reference, however, was rather meant to clarify the relative position of the flat Earth to the heavens: 1355:

In the 17th century, the idea of a spherical Earth spread in China due to the influence of the Jesuits, who held high positions as astronomers at the imperial court. Matteo Ricci, in collaboration with

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ridiculed the belief that water encircled the world, yet most classicists agree that he still believed Earth was flat because of his descriptions of literal "ends" or "edges" of the Earth.

7159: 4955: 1300:) was "spread out." Whether or not this implies a flat earth was debated by Muslims. Some modern historians believe the Quran saw the world as flat. On the other hand, the 12th-century 1413:, who maintained that Christopher Columbus had to overcome the opposition of churchmen to gain sponsorship for his voyage of exploration. Later significant advocates of this view were 229:

account from the 8th century BC in which "Okeanos, the personified body of water surrounding the circular surface of the Earth, is the begetter of all life and possibly of all gods."

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Early medieval Christian writers felt little urge to assume flatness of the Earth, though they had fuzzy impressions of the writings of Ptolemy and Aristotle, relying more on Pliny.

1210:(1225–1274), the most widely taught theologian of the Middle Ages, believed in a spherical Earth and took for granted that his readers also knew the Earth is round. Lectures in the 360:

believed that "the Earth is flat and rides on air; in the same way the Sun and the Moon and the other heavenly bodies, which are all fiery, ride the air because of their flatness".

1508:. In addition, believers tend to not trust observations they have not made themselves, and often distrust, disagree with or accuse each other of being in league with conspiracies. 7354: 5914: 5980: 1428:

Subsequent studies of medieval science have shown that most scholars in the Middle Ages, including those read by Christopher Columbus, maintained that the Earth was spherical.

1425:. Some studies of the historical connections between science and religion have demonstrated that theories of their mutual antagonism ignore examples of their mutual support. 5189:

When The Earth Was Flat: Remembering Leonard Cohen, Alden Nowlan, the Flat Earth Society, the King James monarchy hoax, the Montreal Story Tellers and other curious matters.

7717: 6399: 881:, may have argued for a flat Earth; however, Diodorus' opinion on the matter is known only from a later criticism. Chrysostom, one of the four Great Church Fathers of the 776:

describe the Earth as a flat-bottomed, circular disk with concentric oceans and continents. This general scheme is present not only in the Hindu cosmologies, but also in

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The myth that people in the Middle Ages thought the earth is flat appears to date from the 17th century as part of the campaign by Protestants against Catholic teaching.

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Ash-Shareef, Abdurrahim Khairullah Omar (November 15, 2014). "Aspects of Ancient Muslim Scholars' Induction Drawn from the Holy Qur'an in Proving Earth is Spherical".

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The Life of Rev. John Jasper, Pastor of Sixth Mt. Zion Baptist Church, Richmond, Va., from His Birth to the Present Time, with His Theory on the Rotation of the Sun

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did not fall, and it preserved the learning. Still, many textbooks of the Early Middle Ages supported the sphericity of the Earth in the western part of Europe.

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motions in detail were more consistent with north–south curvature and a distant Sun, than with any flat-Earth explanation. The ultimate demonstration came when

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believed that the flat Earth was depressed in the middle like a saucer, to allow for the fact that the Sun does not rise and set at the same time for everyone.

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The world was a flat disk, with the Earth in the center and the sea all around. Thus the serpent is about as far away from the center, where men and gods lived

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existence of humans living in the antipodes. In any case, there is no record of any further action having been taken against Vergilius. He was later appointed

356:(c. 550 BC) believed that the Earth was a short cylinder with a flat, circular top that remained stable because it was the same distance from all things. 566:' calculation of the curvature of the Earth to calculate the height of the Sun above the Earth. By assuming the Earth was flat, they arrived at a distance of 6166: 2323:

Mimnermus of Colophon (630BC) details a flat Earth model, with the sun (Helios) bathing at the edges of Oceanus that surround the Earth (Mimnermus, frg. 11).

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A possible non-literary but graphic indication that people in the Middle Ages believed that the Earth (or perhaps the world) was a sphere is the use of the

6149: 5902: 1048:, which was seen as representing a small part of a spherical Earth, continued to be used by authors through the Middle Ages, e.g. the 9th-century bishop 153: 5944: 7591: 6406: 5998: 4756:

Joseph Needham et al.: "Heavenly clockwork: the great astronomical clocks of medieval China", Antiquarian Horological Society, 2nd. ed., Vol. 1, 1986,

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Chinese thought on the form of the Earth remained almost unchanged from early times until the first contacts with modern science through the medium of

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408), wrote that the Earth is flat and the Sun does not pass under it in the night, but "travels through the northern parts as if hidden by a wall".

723:(near the Belgian coast) with the lower parts of the more distant towers increasingly hidden by the horizon, demonstrating the curvature of the Earth 2225: 1500:

have made it easy for individuals, famous or not, to spread disinformation and attract others to erroneous ideas, including that of the flat Earth.

7617: 6364: 6337: 5038: 1056:'s northern temperate clime) with a wheel. At the same time, Isidore's works also gave the views of sphericity, for example, in chapter 28 of 7425: 5012: 6965: 5974: 2293:: "Okeanos...surrounds the pictures on the shield and he surrounds the disc of the Earth on which men and women work out their lives." Quoted in 1352:

Chinese say: "The Earth is flat and square, and the sky is a round canopy; they did not succeed in conceiving the possibility of the antipodes."

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Damien Janos, "Qur'ānic cosmography in its historical perspective: some notes on the formation of a religious worldview", Religion 2012, pp217-8

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Thales thought that the Earth floated in water like a log. It has been argued, however, that Thales actually believed in a spherical Earth.

7576: 7016: 6685: 3736:, Series I, Vol IX, ed. Philip Schaff, American reprint of the Edinburgh edition (1978), Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., Grand Rapids, MI, 2768:

One of the earliest literary references to the world encircling water snake comes from Bragi Boddason who lived in the 9th century, in his

2017: 1259:, one of the few survivors of the voyage, recorded the loss of a day in the course of the voyage, giving evidence for east–west curvature. 6813: 5860: 7612: 6216: 6206: 6343: 6004: 2557: 1340:, but it is not known to have made an impact on the traditional Chinese conception of the shape of the Earth. As late as 1595, an early 731:

texts depict the cosmos in many ways. One of the earliest Indian cosmological texts pictures the Earth as one of a stack of flat disks.

6893: 6681: 1060:, Isidore claims that the Sun orbits the Earth and illuminates the other side when it is night on this side. See French translation of 5830: 9206: 9147: 7581: 7346: 6382: 6272: 6010: 5718: 1474: 1447: 1422: 699:

was in a position to say that everyone agreed on the spherical shape of Earth, though disputes continued regarding the nature of the

4008: 750:. But it was naturally regarded as circular, being compared with a wheel (10.89) and expressly called circular (parimandala) in the 364:(c. 500 BC) thought that the Earth was flat, with its upper side touching the air, and the lower side extending without limit. 255:

above it that separated the Earth from the heavens. The sky was a solid dome with the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars embedded in it.

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Cullen, Christopher (1976). "A Chinese Eratosthenes of the Flat Earth: A Study of a Fragment of Cosmology in Huai Nan tzu 淮南子".

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Cullen, Christopher (1976). "A Chinese Eratosthenes of the Flat Earth: A Study of a Fragment of Cosmology in Huai Nan tzu 淮南子".

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means "circle", and there is no record of a globe as a representation of the Earth since ancient times in the west until that of

1137:) in the regalia of many kingdoms and of the Holy Roman Empire. It is attested from the time of the Christian late-Roman emperor 6424: 2065: 2043: 1243: 651:

maintained on the basis of physical theory and observational evidence that the Earth was spherical, and reported an estimate of

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in 1893. The map contains several references to biblical passages as well as various supposed refutations of the "Globe Theory".

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difficult to tell what the wider population may have thought of the shape of the Earth if they considered the question at all.

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During the early period of the Christian Church, the spherical view continued to be widely held, with some notable exceptions.

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used suggests strongly a circle rather than a sphere", though she notes that even in these works the language is ambiguous.

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The ancient Norse and Germanic peoples believed in a flat-Earth cosmography with the Earth surrounded by an ocean, with the

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Muslim traditionalists began to adopt the notion of a spherical Earth with the influence of Greek and Ptolemaic cosmology.

5842: 769:, assume a spherical Earth as they develop mathematical methods for quantitative astronomy for calendar and time keeping. 7602: 6987: 6954: 6624: 5938: 1619: 1477:, better known as the "Flat Earth Society" from Dover, England, as a direct descendant of the Universal Zetetic Society. 307:

Homer's description of the disc cosmography on the shield of Achilles with the encircling ocean is repeated far later in

3831: 2858:"Space and Time in Chinese Texts of Astronomy and of Mathematical Astronomy in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries" 9160: 7894: 7712: 7627: 6778: 6722: 6137: 5878: 5154: 4827: 4652: 3574: 3544: 3270: 6494: 6331: 3699:

Leo Ferrari, "Rethinking Augustine's Confessions, Thirty Years of Discoveries", Religious Studies and Theology (2000).

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Before Philosophy: The Intellectual Adventure of Ancient Man; an Essay on Speculative Thought in the Ancient Near East

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Stasinus of Cyprus wrote in his Cypria (lost, only preserved in fragment) that Oceanus surrounded the entire Earth:

8535: 8332: 7652: 7435: 7106: 6903: 6855: 6474: 6265: 5580: 1084:(c. 700–784), in the middle of the 8th century, discussed or taught some geographical or cosmographical ideas that 7453: 9185: 9127: 8843: 8660: 8322: 7930: 7851: 7553: 7201: 6948: 6920: 6545: 6523: 6430: 5736: 4477:

Manoscritto Voynich e Castel del Monte: Nuova chiave interpretativa del documento per inediti percorsi di ricerca

7281: 889:, explicitly espoused the idea, based on scripture, that the Earth floats miraculously on the water beneath the 9245: 8179: 7820: 7548: 6745: 6641: 5680: 5403: 3650: 1252: 187: 79: 8980: 7734: 7647: 7508: 7498: 7417: 5479: 4230: 3573:, Vol VII, ed. Rev. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson, American reprint of the Edinburgh edition (1979), 1421:, who used it as a major element in their advocacy of the thesis that there was a long-lasting and essential 1286: 5259: 3750: 968:

with great difficulties that affected the continent's intellectual production. Most scientific treatises of

34:. For the historical misconception that people during the Middle Ages believed that the Earth was flat, see 9192: 8447: 7874: 7834: 7642: 7119: 7086: 7081: 6960: 6838: 6528: 6104: 5854: 5433: 5305: 4776:

Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 3. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd. p. 499.

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This article is about the disproven cosmological model. For modern-day beliefs that the Earth is flat, see

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The Other World and the 'Antipodes'. The Myth of Unknown Countries between Antiquity and the Renaissance

3737: 1092:. The only surviving record of the incident is contained in Zachary's reply, dated 748, where he wrote: 9199: 8930: 8873: 8397: 7884: 7586: 7021: 5698: 3212: 3078: 2974: 2392: 1751: 17: 5812: 5633: 4986: 2832:

Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 3, Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth

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Creational Theology and the History of Physical Science: the Creationist Tradition from Basil to Bohr

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Cullen emphasizes the point that there was no concept of a round Earth in ancient Chinese astronomy:

83: 31: 5269: 1857: 8771: 8665: 8631: 8515: 7824: 7430: 7114: 7008: 6913: 6850: 6661: 6550: 6518: 6388: 6172: 5956: 5748: 5531: 5514: 4487: 3787: 3596: 3502: 3497:(2009). "Myth 3: That Medieval Christians Taught that he Earth was Flat". In Ronald Numbers (ed.). 1113: 859: 652: 98: 2873: 1202:(1013–1054) was among the earliest Christian scholars to estimate the circumference of Earth with 689:

was written in Greek and only translated into Latin in the 11th century from Arabic translations.

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for a spherical Earth. Knowledge of the Earth's global shape gradually began to spread beyond the

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in the 9th century AD. Muslim scholars tended to believe in a spherical Earth from this period.

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shows the five zones of the Earth as adjacent circles. Some have concluded that he thought the

802:, an eastern Christian writing around the year 175 AD, said that the Earth was spherical. 720: 532: 129: 35: 7066: 5249: 4493: 4251: 4216: 3812: 2181: 784:

cosmologies of South Asia. However, some Puranas include other models. The fifth canto of the

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Nothaft, C. P. E. (2011), "Augustine and the Shape of the Earth: A Critique of Leo Ferrari",

3609:

Nothaft, C. P. E. (2011). "Augustine and the Shape of the Earth: A Critique of Leo Ferrari".

3563: 3434: 3404: 3264: 1934: 1567: 1547: 1466: 1211: 1081: 902: 852: 833: 811: 799: 424:(VIII) states that during the creation of the Earth, an impassable sea was placed around it: 392: 357: 6358: 5116: 4392: 4386: 3374: 3041:

Science and Civilization in China: Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth

3020:

Science and Civilization in China: Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth

2999:

Science and Civilization in China: Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth

2117: 2111: 1728: 1394:) explained that the Earth was spherical, not flat or square, and could be circumnavigated. 983: 9005: 8965: 8636: 8547: 8442: 8235: 8164: 7920: 7915: 7805: 7543: 7397: 7339: 7306: 7091: 6729: 6692: 6469: 6322: 5484: 2464: 1418: 1309: 1199: 977: 957: 897: 803: 383: 225:, the world was portrayed as a disk floating in the ocean. A similar model is found in the 3768: 2661: 8: 9235: 9101: 8935: 8245: 7879: 6930: 6607: 6464: 6459: 6184: 6022: 5760: 5399: 5282:

Zetetic Astronomy, or Earth Not a Globe by Parallax (Samuel Birley Rowbotham (1816–1884))

5105: 3611: 3301:

Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures

3106: 2520: 1989:"These Coloradans say Earth is flat. And gravity's a hoax. Now, they're being persecuted" 1537: 1414: 1366: 1357: 1122: 976:) were unavailable, leaving only simplified summaries and compilations. In contrast, the 969: 752: 668: 63: 4014: 3586: 2601: 2468: 434: 9171: 9070: 9045: 8883: 8833: 8708: 8542: 8490: 8377: 8357: 8112: 7974: 7815: 7206: 6712: 5575: 4616: 4536: 4483: 4309: 4301: 4149: 4141: 3112: 2948: 2913: 2865: 2580: 2532: 2433: 1822: 1771: 1022: 992: 916: 870: 611: 301: 277: 222: 218: 195: 191: 122: 118: 71: 47: 8510: 7447: 7154: 5292: 5287: 5241: 2804: 1469:

established the Universal Zetetic Society in 1893, which published journals. In 1956,

128:

It is a historical myth that medieval Europeans generally thought the Earth was flat.

9133: 9106: 9035: 8703: 8691: 8643: 8599: 8505: 8147: 8137: 7518: 7488: 7076: 6934: 6865: 6597: 5494: 5328: 5263: 5192: 5150: 5122: 5091: 4935: 4908: 4884: 4873: 4854: 4846: 4842: 4823: 4757: 4737: 4714: 4648: 4580: 4540: 4497: 4432: 4396: 4365: 4338: 4313: 4173: 4153: 4124:

Stevens, Wesley M. (1980). "The Figure of the Earth in Isidore's "De natura rerum"".

3987: 3955: 3925: 3900: 3836:

9 – Homily IX – "The creation of terrestrial animals" Holy Innocents Orthodox Church"

3654: 3647:

God & Nature: Historical Essays on the Encounter between Christianity and Science

3642: 3638: 3540: 3506: 3471: 3444: 3380: 3353: 3305: 3274: 3216: 3187: 3162: 3124: 3082: 3044: 3023: 3002: 2978: 2952: 2836: 2746: 2536: 2437: 2396: 2189: 2121: 2090: 1938: 1927: 1900: 1826: 1775: 1763: 1702: 1692: 1505: 1410: 1293: 1278: 1256: 1016: 924: 874: 790:, for example, includes sections that describe the Earth both as flat and spherical. 452: 338: 308: 251:

The Israelites also imagined the Earth to be a disc floating on water with an arched

161: 87: 5382: 1660: 140:

teachings. More recently, flat earth theory has seen an increase in popularity with

9075: 8776: 8735: 8697: 8619: 8589: 8584: 8387: 7989: 7607: 7402: 7139: 7134: 6925: 6908: 6888: 6783: 6533: 5568: 5504: 5395: 5043: 4851:

God and Nature: Historical Essays on the Encounter between Christianity and Science

4706: 4608: 4526: 4293: 4133: 3683: 3620: 2940: 2905: 2425: 1892: 1814: 1755: 1656: 1542: 1458: 1375: 1187: 786: 621: 549: 502: 67: 52: 5281: 5228: 5219: 5210: 5168: 5013:"Neil deGrasse Tyson Cites Celebrity Flat-Earthers To Make A Point About Politics" 4040: 3075:

Adversaries and Authorities: Investigations into ancient Greek and Chinese science

1896: 9091: 9059: 8945: 8920: 8609: 8574: 8569: 8485: 8417: 8337: 8310: 8300: 8295: 8230: 7979: 7910: 7889: 7677: 7657: 7387: 7286: 7101: 6178: 6098: 5986: 5618: 5563: 5276: 5085: 4555:"SUMMA THEOLOGIAE: The distinction of habits (Prima Secundae Partis, Q. 54)" 4475: 4422: 4359: 4328: 4210: 4106: 4089: 4057: 3949: 3892: 3708: 3534: 3465: 3299: 3102: 2830: 2740: 2723: 2084: 1730:"A Chinese Eratosthenes of the Flat Earth: A Study of a Fragment of Cosmology in 1562: 1227: 1222: 1159:

in 1492. Additionally it could well be a representation of the entire "world" or

1134: 878: 829: 715: 696: 644: 607: 589: 540: 109:(6th–5th century BC) retained the flat-Earth model. In the early 4th century BC, 94: 6250: 4490:: A new interpretive key to the document through unpublished courses of research 2782: 9065: 9040: 9030: 9025: 8990: 8985: 8960: 8653: 8594: 8427: 8392: 8190: 8132: 8122: 8033: 8001: 7996: 7392: 6977: 6825: 6511: 6489: 6046: 5458: 5438: 5184: 3687: 3624: 3494: 3148: 3070: 2966: 1470: 1305: 1207: 1181: 1049: 1012: 973: 961: 882: 837: 810:, a western Christian writer and advisor to the first Christian Roman Emperor, 518: 241: 4876:(2000), "Science and the Early Christian Church", in Shank, Michael H. (ed.), 4710: 4170:

A Sourcebook in Medieval Science (Source Books in the History of the Sciences)

3734:

A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church

2944: 1818: 1759: 938: 9229: 9154: 8950: 8781: 8725: 8604: 8552: 8500: 8347: 8285: 8280: 8142: 8127: 8089: 7925: 7296: 7061: 6564: 5798: 5448: 5443: 4718: 4452: 4192: 3839: 3818: 3416: 2314:, these quotes are found preserved in Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae, VIII. 334B. 1904: 1767: 1557: 1527: 1454: 1214:

commonly advanced evidence in favor of the idea that the Earth was a sphere.

1156: 1138: 656: 630: 494: 233: 157: 9141:

An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural

6940: 3751:"Cosmas Indicopleustes, Christian Topography. Preface to the online edition" 2018:"Flat-Earthers are back: 'It's almost like the beginning of a new religion'" 1706: 9020: 8940: 8898: 8838: 8730: 8681: 8564: 8382: 8327: 8275: 8265: 8255: 8225: 8154: 8043: 7687: 7271: 7246: 7226: 7053: 6982: 6972: 6898: 6873: 6820: 6671: 6201: 5669: 5651: 5590: 5413: 4987:"The Short List of Famous People Who Think the Earth Is Flat (Yes, Really)" 4927: 4572: 4554: 4284:(1989). "Ireland and the Antipodes: The Heterodoxy of Virgil of Salzburg". 4118:

Wesley M. Stevens, "The Figure of the Earth in Isidore's De natura rerum",

3470:. Temple University Press (1st Edition: 1977). pp. 4–5, 17–25, 46–47. 3266:

The Vedic Origins of Karma: Cosmos as Man in Ancient Indian Myth and Ritual

2909: 1572: 1552: 1485: 1481: 1349: 1345: 1326: 1203: 1089: 660: 563: 421: 325: 313: 237: 145: 6559: 4878:

The Scientific Enterprise in Antiquity and the Middle Ages: Readings from

4853:, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, pp. 1–3, 4531: 3551:

The world, being made spherical, is confined within the circles of heaven.

1442: 8925: 8686: 8412: 8402: 8270: 8220: 8026: 7026: 6878: 6282: 5664: 5595: 5519: 5366: 2645: 2597: 1682: 1085: 1066: 1045: 1027: 997: 988: 965: 544: 487: 417: 353: 75: 2869: 2289:(1991, p. 231) has noted of Homer's usage of the flat Earth disc in the 1117:

12th-century depiction of a spherical Earth with the four seasons (book

814:, writing sometime between 304 and 313 AD, ridiculed the notion of 113:

wrote about a spherical Earth. By about 330 BC, his former student

9165: 8995: 8975: 8970: 8858: 8853: 8828: 8713: 8648: 8579: 8454: 8422: 8362: 8159: 8016: 7844: 7839: 7311: 6883: 6484: 6479: 6301: 5646: 5408: 5376: 5118:

Heaven and Earth in the Middle Ages: The Physical World Before Columbus

4956:"Mark Zuckerberg Banning All Flat Earth Groups from Facebook Is A Hoax" 4620: 4522:– das mittelalterliche Bild der Erde und die kosmographische Revolution 4305: 3875:

Planetary Diagrams for Roman Astronomy in Medieval Europe, ca. 800–1500

1236: 864: 807: 735: 647:, and this view spread rapidly in the Greek world. Around 330 BC, 640: 636: 498: 405: 368: 361: 346: 133: 102: 5297: 4145: 3433:

Edelmann, Jonathan (2013). Gupta, Ravi M.; Valpey, Kenneth R. (eds.).

2917: 1880: 1687:. Routledge encyclopedias of the Middle Ages, 11. New York: New York: 513:

bullet; the Earth is like the yolk of the egg, and lies in the centre.

474:

the Earth was at all times flat, although perhaps bulging up slightly.

149: 9050: 8868: 8818: 8786: 8761: 8626: 8432: 8407: 8372: 8174: 8117: 8021: 7861: 7754: 7364: 7216: 5674: 5499: 5428: 5418: 5067:

Mental models of the earth: A study of conceptual change in childhood

4883:, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, pp. 125–146, 2528: 1688: 1594: 1532: 1371: 1361: 1329: 1192: 1107: 1053: 1040: 910: 906: 890: 816: 766: 761: 700: 692: 676: 648: 574: 558: 409: 387: 342: 297: 293: 252: 210: 114: 4934:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 620–622, 626–630, 4612: 4297: 3184:

Measuring the Universe: Cosmic Dimensions from Aristarchus to Halley

8808: 8367: 8342: 8290: 8250: 8169: 7470: 5526: 5423: 4137: 2898:

Cullen, Christopher (1980). "Joseph Needham on Chinese Astronomy".

2525:

Thales of Miletus: the beginnings of Western science and philosophy

2429: 1493: 1314: 1019:

may be best expressed by the writings of early Christian scholars:

822: 777: 685: 672: 517:

This analogy with a curved egg led some modern historians, notably

510: 462: 413: 317:(4th century AD), which continues the narration of the Trojan War. 289: 137: 3043:, vol. 3, reprint edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3022:, vol. 3, reprint edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3001:, vol. 3, reprint edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2339:, 1, 136; 530; 665 (which also describe the 'edges' of the Earth). 1881:"Against Ptolemy? : Cosmography in Early Kalām omar anchassi" 1088:

found sufficiently objectionable that he complained about them to

562:, in the 2nd century BC, Chinese astronomers effectively inverted 416:) in the centre. In the world-encircling ocean sat a snake called 8955: 8888: 8798: 8751: 8718: 6569: 6555: 5803: 5623: 5453: 3769:"Cosmas Indicopleustes, Christian Topography (1897) Introduction" 3599:; from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library at Calvin College. 1684:

Medieval science, technology, and medicine : an encyclopedia

1497: 1489: 1333: 1073: 781: 773: 747: 739: 664: 285: 226: 9055: 8058: 5293:

Flat Earth Theory of the Moon & Sun's paths around the world

3342:

Gombrich, R. F. (1975). Blacker, Carmen; Loewe, Michael (eds.).

2297:, Andrew Sprague Becker, Rowman & Littlefield, 1995, p. 148. 2276:, Andrew Sprague Becker, Rowman & Littlefield, 1995, p. 148. 200: 8863: 7810: 6734: 4736:. New Haven (Conn.): Yale university press. pp. 405, 464. 4680: 4672: 4668: 4215:(2nd ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. pp. 4161: 3641:(1986). "Science and the Early Church". In Lindberg, David C.; 3499:

Galileo Goes to Jail and Other Myths About Science and Religion

1341: 1301: 1247: 1160: 1036: 927:(329–379) argued that the matter was theologically irrelevant. 470: 371:(c. 450 BC) agreed that the Earth was flat, and his pupil 273: 3922:

Geography, Cartography and Nautical Science in the Renaissance

3792:

History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom

2742:

Norse Mythology: A Guide to Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs

1052:, who compared the habitable part of the northern hemisphere ( 8437: 7984: 7682: 5371: 4676: 1517:

change their belief into a realist one of a spherical Earth.

728: 704: 680: 536: 269: 110: 62:

is an archaic and scientifically disproven conception of the

3947: 1681:

Glick, Thomas F.; Livesey, Steven J.; Wallis, Faith (2005).

3467:

Classical Hindu Mythology: A Reader in the Sanskrit Puranas

2063: 743: 626: 209:

Babylonian map, the oldest known world map, 6th century BC

4932:

Planets. Stars, & Orbs: The Medieval Cosmos, 1200–1687

4693:

Tabatabaʾi, Mohammad Ali; Mirsadri, Saida (May 26, 2016).

4579:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 626–30, 4577:

Planets. Stars, & Orbs: The Medieval Cosmos, 1200–1687

4193:

Thomas Glick; Stephen John Livesley; Faith Wallis (2005).

3304:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 114–15. 2089:. An Oriental Institute essay. Penguin Books. p. 54. 1457:

belief in a flat Earth originated with the English writer

386:

believed that the Earth was flat and surrounded by water.

367:

Belief in a flat Earth continued into the 5th century BC.

4907:, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, p. ix, 4195:

Medieval Science Technology and Medicine, an Encyclopedia

3528: 3526: 3524: 3522: 437:, on the other hand, explains Earth's shape as a sphere: 4815:

Inventing the Flat Earth: Columbus and Modern Historians

4772: 4770: 2849: 2285:

Professor of Classics (Emeritus) Mark W. Edwards in his

1929:

Inventing the Flat Earth: Columbus and Modern Historians

2824: 2822: 2712:, George Rawlinson, Appleton and company, 1889, p. 409. 2082: 1097:

of his sacerdotal rank, and expel him from the Church.

4599:

Jill Tattersall (1981). "The Earth, Sphere or Disc?".

4212:

Thought and Letters in Western Europe: A.D. 500 to 900

3539:. Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers. p. 222. 3519: 3436:

The Bhagavata Purana: Sacred Text and Living Tradition

2933:

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies

1920: 1918: 1916: 1914: 1807:

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies

1743:

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies

1025:(560–636) taught in his widely read encyclopedia, the 4767: 4427:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 3951:

The Classical tradition and the Americas, vol. 1

3410: 3318: 1255:

completed the first global circumnavigation in 1521.

3713:

A History of Planetary Systems from Thales to Kepler

2893: 2891: 2819: 2416:

Burch, George Bosworth (1954). "The Counter-Earth".

1484:, the availability of communications technology and 1170: 863:

Cosmas Indicopleustes' world view – flat Earth in a

6768: 4473: 3463: 2295:

The Shield of Achilles and the Poetics of Ekphrasis

2274:

The Shield of Achilles and the Poetics of Ekphrasis

2083:Frankfort, H.; Wilson, J. A.; Jacobsen, T. (1951). 1911: 1504:their beliefs, they generally embrace some form of 509:The heavens are like a hen's egg and as round as a 341:(c. 550 BC) according to several sources, and 74:. Many ancient cultures subscribed to a flat-Earth 4732:Reynolds, Gabriel Said; Qarāʿī, ʿAlī Qūlī (2018). 4695:"The Qurʾānic Cosmology, as an Identity in Itself" 4692: 4453:"Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Vergilius of Salzburg" 3890: 3879:Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 3464:Dimmitt, Cornelia; van Buitenen, J. A. B. (2012). 3154:Aristotle: The Growth and Structure of His Thought 2725:The Sacred Tree: Or, The Tree in Religion and Myth 1926: 1680: 1646: 1077:Isidore's portrayal of the five zones of the Earth 840:, similarly objected to the "fable" of antipodes: 5039:"What does it take to believe the world is flat?" 4905:Science & Religion: A Historical Introduction 2888: 2562:. Perseus Digital Library. V. 3, Ch. 10 2064:Craig A. Foster; Glenn Branch (August 21, 2018). 991:representing the inhabited world as described by 942:9th-century Macrobian cosmic diagram showing the 9227: 5229:"Episode 149: Modern Flat Earth Thought, Part 2" 4474:Fallacara, Giuseppe; Occhinegro, Ubaldo (2013), 3419:: "History of Mathematical Astronomy in India", 3209:Lucretius and the Transformation of Greek Wisdom 2264:, pp. 314–6, transl. Hugh G. Evelyn-White, 1914. 1957: 1397: 1325:A spherical terrestrial globe was introduced to 1269:Spherical Earth § Medieval Islamic scholars 1262: 280:. This poetic tradition of an Earth-encircling ( 5236:Power, Myles; James, James (October 31, 2016). 5220:"Episode 145: Modern Flat Earth Theory, Part 1" 4841: 4598: 4358:Hasse, Wolfgang; Reinhold, Meyer, eds. (1993). 3426: 3372: 2173: 765:astronomy texts of South Asia, particularly of 4731: 4006: 3393: 2855: 2728:. Macmillan and Company, limited. p. 113. 2208: 601: 497:was often used by Chinese astronomers such as 8099:List of topics characterized as pseudoscience 8074: 5787: 5553: 5313: 4734:The Qur'an and the Bible: text and commentary 4492:] (in Italian), Gangemi Editore, p. 4424:The Irish Tradition in Old English Literature 4408: 4357: 3948:Wolfgang Haase; Meyer Reinhold, eds. (1994). 3919: 3291: 3186:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 4–5. 2745:. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 253. 2184:. In Berlin, Adele; Grossman, Maxine (eds.). 2066:"Do People Really Think Earth Might Be Flat?" 2044:"Do People Really Think Earth Might Be Flat?" 1838: 1836: 1389: 1383: 1378:. The astronomical and geographical treatise 349:(c. 460–370 BC) according to Aristotle. 329:Possible rendering of Anaximander's world map 240:of ancient Egypt show a similar cosmography; 7745: 4903:Ferngren, Gary, ed. (2002), "Introduction", 3717:A History of Astronomy from Thales to Kepler 3108:A History of Astronomy from Thales to Kepler 2186:The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion 1431: 930: 5240:. League of Nerds (YouTube). Archived from 5121:. Angela Hall (trans.). The Boydell Press. 5087:Flat Earth: The History of an Infamous Idea 4222: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3298:Sarma, K. V. (2013). Selin, Helaine (ed.). 2835:. Cambridge University Press. p. 498. 2555: 2519: 2450: 1842: 1150: 1011:Europe's view of the shape of the Earth in 1002: 947: 828:The influential theologian and philosopher 659:was first determined around 240 BC by 8081: 8067: 6300: 5320: 5306: 5235: 3592:Whether We are to Believe in the Antipodes 3181: 3101: 2457:Memorie della Società Astronomica Italiana 1982: 1980: 1833: 616: 420:. The Norse creation account preserved in 9207:The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience 9148:Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science 5246:– Review of a pro-Flat Earth documentary. 5036: 4790:. St. Paul, Minn.: Minnesota Public Radio 4530: 4063: 2386: 2375:An Introduction to Early Greek Philosophy 1856: 1720: 1475:International Flat Earth Research Society 793: 671:from a globe and developed the system of 6449: 5163: 5037:Humphries, Courtney (October 28, 2017). 5010: 4902: 4872: 4361:The Classical Tradition and the Americas 4247: 4208: 4069: 3881:, 94, 3 (Philadelphia, 2004), pp. 49–50. 3864:. University of Chicago Press. Page 363. 3637: 3457: 3432: 3341: 3330: 2109: 1885:Journal of the American Oriental Society 1878: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1794: 1792: 1754:(published December 24, 2009): 106–127. 1612: 1441: 1320: 1216: 1180: 1112: 1072: 982: 937: 858: 714: 620: 477: 324: 199: 164:persist. In a 2018 study reported on by 46: 9112:Suppressed research in the Soviet Union 6238: 5327: 5226: 5217: 5208: 5142: 5103: 5083: 4808: 4384: 4123: 4072:Isidore de Seville: Traité de la Nature 3693: 3673: 3608: 3536:A Dictionary of Early Christian Beliefs 3493: 3400: 3324: 2965: 2959: 2828: 2721: 2715: 2596: 2011: 2009: 1986: 1977: 1924: 1626:(in German). Universität Stuttgart. n.d 176: 14: 9228: 5288:Flat Earth idea of the Suns trajectory 5030: 4786:Baran, Madeleine (December 16, 2009). 4779: 4642: 4326: 3715:. (1906); unabridged republication as 3532: 3206: 3039:Needham, Joseph; Wang, Ling. (1995) . 3018:Needham, Joseph; Wang, Ling. (1995) . 2997:Needham, Joseph; Wang, Ling. (1995) . 2930: 2897: 2738: 2732: 2179: 2057: 2041: 1804: 1726: 1177:Spherical Earth § Medieval Europe 1145:was used in 1191 at the coronation of 1141:(423) throughout the Middle Ages; the 643:in the 5th century BC stated that the 8062: 7951: 7794: 7180: 6767: 6586: 6448: 6299: 6237: 5786: 5697: 5552: 5348: 5301: 5218:Robbins, Stuart (September 5, 2016). 5114: 4926: 4785: 4645:The Globe: How the Earth Became Round 4571: 4515: 4333:. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. p. 4280: 4264: 4167: 4013:. Columbia University. Archived from 3981: 3897:The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville 3785: 3719:(New York: Dover Publications, 1953). 3489: 3487: 3348:. George Allen & Unwin. pp. 3297: 3147: 3069: 2453:"Flat worlds: Today and in antiquity" 2424:(1). Saint Catherines Press: 267–94. 2415: 2409: 1789: 1644: 1423:conflict between science and religion 772:The medieval Indian texts called the 742:(Earth) are compared to wheels on an 703:, and how it is possible to keep the 625:Semi-circular shadow of Earth on the 154:obvious effects of Earth's sphericity 144:, and unaffiliated individuals using 5260:You say the earth is round? Prove it 5064:Stella Vosniadu, William F. Brewer: 4962:. Business2community. Archived from 4647:. Reaktion Books. pp. 178–193. 3924:. UK, Ashgate Variorum. p. 15. 3262: 2856:Martzloff, Jean-Claude (1993–1994). 2606:The Hanover Historical Texts Project 2373:According to John Mansley Robinson, 2015: 2006: 1879:Anchassi, Omar (December 14, 2022). 1874: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1674: 1638: 1336:) in 1267 by the Persian astronomer 276:described a disc cosmography on the 6955:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion 5609: 5231:. Exposing PseudoAstronomy Podcast. 5227:Robbins, Stuart (October 4, 2016). 5222:. Exposing PseudoAstronomy Podcast. 5213:. Exposing PseudoAstronomy Podcast. 5173:, Richmond, VA: R.T. Hill & Co. 2211:"The Firmament and the Water Above" 1592: 1388:) written in 1648 by Xiong Mingyu ( 1235:Jill Tattersall shows that in many 132:was created in the 17th century by 27:Archaic conception of Earth's shape 24: 9161:James Randi Educational Foundation 7713:Springfield, Ohio, cat-eating hoax 5238:"Episode 146: The Lies of the Sun" 5178: 5011:Herreria, Carla (April 22, 2017). 4953: 4788:"Historic map coming to Minnesota" 3811:J. L. E. Dreyer (1906), 3575:William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. 3484: 3421:Dictionary of Scientific Biography 3379:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 9. 3271:State University of New York Press 3157:. Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 2608:. Translated by Fairbanks, Arthur. 1624:Institut für Literaturwissenschaft 399: 337:believed that the world was flat: 25: 9262: 8088: 7355:Western-backed Iranian Revolution 7237:Finger-pinching conspiracy theory 7087:Proposed "Islamo-leftism" inquiry 5202: 4984: 4010:An Encyclopedist of the Dark Ages 3954:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 15. 3862:The Beginnings of Western Science 2971:Science and Civilisation in China 2387:Sambursky, Samuel (August 1987). 2310:and that the Earth was flat with 2042:Foster, Craig (August 21, 2018). 1958:Dr. James Hannam (May 18, 2010). 1865: 1845:Journal of Education and Practice 1171:Europe: High and Late Middle Ages 759:By about the 5th century AD, the 8558:Strauss–Howe generational theory 8536:Moon landing conspiracy theories 8333:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity 6814:Gas chambers for Poles in Warsaw 6751:Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning 6117:South African Airways Flight 295 5058: 5004: 4978: 4947: 4920: 4896: 4866: 4835: 4802: 4750: 4725: 4686: 4661: 4636: 4627: 4592: 4565: 4547: 4509: 4467: 4455:. Newadvent.org. October 1, 1912 4445: 4420: 4414: 4378: 4351: 4320: 4274: 4257: 4241: 4201: 4186: 4112: 4095: 4078: 4046: 2389:The Physical World of the Greeks 1987:Ambrose, Graham (July 7, 2017). 598:assumes that the Earth is flat. 482:Illustration based on that of a 105:(6th century BC). However, most 9186:The Natural History of Quackery 9128:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry 7398:Petrograd Military Organization 6921:International Jewish conspiracy 6769:Race, religion and/or ethnicity 6431:Denial of the 7 October attacks 6256:California drought manipulation 5209:Robbins, Stuart (May 1, 2012). 5077: 4849:, eds. (1986), "Introduction", 4421:Wright, Charles Darwin (1993). 4327:Kaiser, Christopher B. (1997). 4029: 4000: 3975: 3913: 3884: 3867: 3854: 3824: 3805: 3779: 3761: 3743: 3730:Homilies Concerning the Statues 3722: 3702: 3667: 3631: 3602: 3580: 3556: 3366: 3256: 3242: 3229: 3200: 3175: 3137: 3095: 3063: 3054: 3033: 3012: 2991: 2924: 2797: 2775: 2762: 2703: 2689: 2680: 2667: 2655: 2638: 2621: 2590: 2574: 2549: 2513: 2500: 2487: 2444: 2380: 2367: 2355: 2342: 2326: 2317: 2300: 2279: 2267: 2255: 2243: 2218:Westminster Theological Journal 2202: 2161: 2149: 2134: 2103: 2076: 2035: 2016:Dure, Beau (January 20, 2016). 1951: 1925:Russell, Jefrey Burton (1991). 1661:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_22652 1253:Ferdinand Magellan's expedition 1195:textbook of 13th-century Europe 1185:Picture from a 1550 edition of 320: 9251:Ancient near eastern cosmology 7347:Israel-related animal theories 5149:. Princeton University Press. 5110:, New York, NY: Fleming Revell 4818:, New York: Praeger, pp. 3986:. Bloomsbury. pp. 34–35. 3814:A History of Planetary Systems 3786:White, Andrew Dickson (1896). 3651:University of California Press 3577:, Grand Rapids, MI, pp. 94–95. 1960:"Science Versus Christianity?" 1586: 901:(547) by the Alexandrian monk 188:Ancient near eastern cosmology 80:ancient near eastern cosmology 13: 1: 7509:First Catilinarian conspiracy 6551:Ideology in incel communities 5255:The Myth of the Flat Universe 4391:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 4364:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 3873:B. Eastwood and G. Graßhoff, 2377:, Houghton and Mifflin, 1968. 1897:10.7817/jaos.142.4.2022.ar033 1653:Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE 1579: 1398:Myth of flat-Earth prevalence 1263:Middle East: Islamic scholars 1246:down and around the coast of 905:, who had traveled as far as 710: 501:(78–139 AD) to describe 378: 288:) and a disc also appears in 9241:Early scientific cosmologies 9193:The Psychology of the Occult 8448:Traditional Chinese medicine 8323:Doktor Koster's Antigaspills 8180:Superseded scientific theory 7952: 7875:Freeman on the land movement 7765:Maricopa County ballot audit 7723:"Vast right-wing conspiracy" 7181: 6150:Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 5434:Global catastrophe scenarios 5349: 5104:Hatcher, William E. (1908), 4516:Vogel, Klaus Anselm (1995). 4209:Laistner, M. L. W. (1966) . 4172:. Harvard University Press. 3732:, Homily IX, paras. 7–8, in 3649:. Berkeley and Los Angeles: 2451:De Fontaine, Didier (2002). 1727:Cullen, C. (February 1976). 1511: 920: 887:Archbishop of Constantinople 446: 248:("dry lands" or "Islands"). 181: 82:. The model has undergone a 7: 8804:Electronic voice phenomenon 8661:Myers–Briggs Type Indicator 8521:Chemtrail conspiracy theory 8039:Science by press conference 8012:Online youth radicalization 7931:Ted Cruz–Zodiac Killer meme 7618:CIA assistance to bin Laden 7261:(outside the United States) 6425:Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 6371:Mozambican presidential jet 6111:United Air Lines Flight 553 5642:Interdimensional hypothesis 5338:List of conspiracy theories 5084:Garwood, Christine (2007), 4385:Moretti, Gabriella (1993). 4197:. NY: Taylor & Francis. 3891:Isidore of Seville (2010). 3263:Tull, Herman Wayne (1989). 3182:Van Helden, Albert (1985). 2648:21B28, quoted in Achilles, 2600:. Fairbanks, Arthur (ed.). 2348:Apollonius Rhodius, in his 2188:. Oxford University Press. 1520: 1370:in 1602, the first Chinese 602:Alternate or mixed theories 142:modern flat Earth societies 40:Flat Earth (disambiguation) 10: 9267: 9200:The Ragged Edge of Science 8931:Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff 8874:Pseudoscientific metrology 8398:Miracle Mineral Supplement 7323:Middle East / North Africa 6723:oral polio AIDS hypothesis 6587: 5250:The Myth of the Flat Earth 4221:The original Latin reads: 4070:Fontaine, Jacques (1960). 3688:10.5840/augstudies20114213 3625:10.5840/augstudies20114213 3213:Cambridge University Press 3079:Cambridge University Press 2975:Cambridge University Press 2675:Refutation of all Heresies 2629:Refutation of all Heresies 2602:"Fragments and Commentary" 2585:Refutation of all Heresies 2393:Princeton University Press 2158:, Pritchard, 1969, p. 374. 2156:Ancient Near Eastern Texts 2110:Gottlieb, Anthony (2000). 1752:Cambridge University Press 1620:"Romanische Literaturen I" 1435: 1401: 1266: 1225:in a 14th-century copy of 1188:On the Sphere of the World 1174: 873:, a leading figure in the 639:in the 6th century BC and 605: 450: 185: 171: 29: 9120: 9084: 8911: 8814:Facilitated communication 8744: 8674: 8478: 8213: 8200: 8105: 8096: 7958: 7947: 7903: 7860: 7801: 7795: 7790: 7564: 7463: 7416: 7375: 7322: 7257: 7191: 7187: 7176: 7100: 7052: 7006: 6864: 6774: 6763: 6593: 6582: 6455: 6444: 6309: 6295: 6246: 6233: 6194: 6159: 6056: 5797: 5793: 5788:Deaths and disappearances 5782: 5653:Estimate of the Situation 5559: 5554:Astronomy and outer space 5548: 5472: 5359: 5355: 5344: 5335: 4711:10.1163/15700585-12341398 3936:In other passages of the 3788:"Ch. 2, part 1" 3441:Columbia University Press 3207:Sedley, David N. (2003). 2945:10.1017/S0041977X00052137 1819:10.1017/S0041977X00052137 1760:10.1017/s0041977x00052137 1438:Modern flat Earth beliefs 1432:Modern flat Earth beliefs 1390: 1384: 1306:Tafsir al-Kabir (al-Razi) 1281:saw a great flowering of 1023:Bishop Isidore of Seville 931:Europe: Early Middle Ages 663:. By the 2nd century AD, 335:pre-Socratic philosophers 258: 32:Modern flat Earth beliefs 9214:The Skeptic's Dictionary 8772:Biological transmutation 8692:Faster-than-light travel 8666:Enneagram of Personality 8632:Recovered-memory therapy 8516:9/11 conspiracy theories 7852:Shakespearean authorship 7830:Shadow government claims 7633:Election denial movement 7529:Lilla Saltsjöbadsavtalet 5981:Diana, Princess of Wales 5532:Psychological projection 5515:Mass psychogenic illness 5211:"Episode 33: Flat Earth" 4667:For example, see verses 3982:Lyons, Jonathan (2009). 3860:Lindberg, David. (1992) 3832:"Saint Basil the Great, 3590:, Book XVI, Chapter 9 – 3567:, Book III, Chapter XXIV 3503:Harvard University Press 3373:A. A. Macdonell (1986). 2710:The history of Herodotus 2224:: 227–40. Archived from 2182:"Cosmology and Creation" 1645:Ragep, F. Jamil (2009). 1082:St Vergilius of Salzburg 263: 99:ancient Greek philosophy 51:Flat Earth map drawn by 9179:The Demon-Haunted World 9097:Bourgeois pseudoscience 8531:COVID-19 misinformation 8470:Young blood transfusion 8241:Anthroposophic medicine 7969:Conspiracy Encyclopedia 7963:Argument from ignorance 7663:Philadelphia Experiment 7282:Avro Arrow cancellation 7107:Denial of mass killings 6789:COVID-19 and xenophobia 6273:Free energy suppression 5464:Urban legends and myths 5389:power behind the throne 5115:Simek, Rudolf (1996) . 4810:Russell, Jeffrey Burton 4207:English translation by 4007:Ernest Brehaut (1912). 3571:The Ante-Nicene Fathers 3103:Dreyer, John Louis Emil 3060:Joseph Needham, p. 225. 2631:, i. 7; Cf. Aristotle, 2287:The Iliad. A Commentary 2209:Seely, Paul H. (1991). 1595:"The Flat Earth Theory" 1461:with the 1849 pamphlet 1453:In the modern era, the 1191:, the most influential 617:Greece: spherical Earth 9011:Corentin Louis Kervran 8879:Rapid prompting method 8767:Biodynamic agriculture 8757:Aquatic ape hypothesis 8615:Historical negationism 8318:Doctrine of signatures 8185:True-believer syndrome 8007:Historical negationism 7436:Operation Sledgehammer 7202:Cow vigilante violence 6894:during the Black Death 6081:Great Kantō earthquake 5951:GEC-Marconi scientists 5897:Martin Luther King Jr. 5660:Lake Michigan Triangle 5629:Black Knight satellite 5490:Communal reinforcement 5404:Political conspiracies 5165:Randolph, Edwin Archer 4960:Business2community.com 4643:Hannam, James (2023). 4601:Modern Language Review 4223: 4168:Grant, Edward (1974). 4074:(in French). Bordeaux. 3920:W. G. Randles (2000). 3533:Bercot, David (1998). 3146:, Book ii Chapter 14. 2722:Philpot, J.H. (1897). 2700:, 2. 21; 4. 8; 4. 36). 2650:Introduction to Aratus 2262:The Shield of Heracles 2180:Berlin, Adele (2011). 1450: 1404:Myth of the flat Earth 1232: 1196: 1151: 1126: 1119:Liber Divinorum Operum 1099: 1078: 1008: 1003: 953: 948: 909:and the source of the 867: 847: 794:Early Christian Church 724: 721:Thorntonbank Wind Farm 633: 528: 515: 490: 476: 444: 431: 330: 244:(the Ocean) encircled 214: 56: 38:. For other uses, see 36:Myth of the flat Earth 9246:Religious cosmologies 9016:The Light (newspaper) 9001:William Donald Kelley 8894:Voice stress analysis 8526:Climate change denial 8465:Wind turbine syndrome 8460:Vertebral subluxation 8353:Germ theory denialism 7735:Stab-in-the-back myth 7539:Clockwork Orange plot 7067:Bihar human sacrifice 6998:Stab-in-the-back myth 6821:German POWs post-WWII 6703:Germ theory denialism 6698:Electronic harassment 6419:Smolensk air disaster 6383:Oklahoma City bombing 6261:Climate change denial 6057:Accidents / disasters 5993:Nepalese royal family 5480:Attitude polarization 5244:on December 11, 2021. 5143:Plofker, Kim (2009). 4532:10.53846/goediss-4247 4122:, 71 (1980): 268–77. 3728:St. John Chrysostom, 3565:The Divine Institutes 2559:Placita Philosophorum 1970:on December 2, 2023. 1568:Scientific skepticism 1548:Geographical distance 1467:Lady Elizabeth Blount 1445: 1358:Chinese cartographers 1344:missionary to China, 1321:Ming Dynasty in China 1267:Further information: 1244:Portuguese navigation 1220: 1212:medieval universities 1184: 1175:Further information: 1116: 1110:in the 13th century. 1094: 1076: 986: 941: 903:Cosmas Indicopleustes 862: 853:De Genesi ad litteram 842: 718: 624: 606:Further information: 556:As noted in the book 523: 507: 481: 467: 451:Further information: 439: 426: 358:Anaximenes of Miletus 345:(c. 440 BC) and 328: 203: 186:Further information: 50: 9006:Robert F. Kennedy Jr 8966:Ignatius L. Donnelly 8637:Past life regression 8496:Arabian Judah theory 8443:Traditional medicine 8236:Alternative medicine 8165:Pathological science 7806:Dead Internet theory 7307:Daktari Ranch affair 7092:Trojan Horse scandal 6470:anti-gender movement 6450:Gender and sexuality 6407:Madrid train bombing 6353:Lufthansa Flight 615 6041:Sushant Singh Rajput 5581:Apollo Moon landings 5485:Cognitive dissonance 5146:Mathematics in India 4411:(1993, pp. 241–284). 4409:Hasse & Reinhold 4017:on December 13, 2010 2910:10.1093/past/87.1.39 2876:on September 7, 2019 2829:Needham, J. (1959). 2521:O'Grady, Patricia F. 2333:Seven against Thebes 2308:deep eddying Oceanus 2145:(Faulkner 1969, 120) 1933:. Praeger. pp. 1419:Andrew Dickson White 1376:European discoveries 1348:, recorded that the 1310:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 1221:Illustration of the 1200:Hermann of Reichenau 1064:. In his other work 1004:de terra et partibus 978:Eastern Roman Empire 958:Western Roman Empire 956:With the end of the 919:, Bishop of Gabala ( 898:Christian Topography 834:Great Church Fathers 734:In the Vedic texts, 384:Hecataeus of Miletus 223:Mesopotamian thought 177:Belief in flat Earth 117:had provided strong 78:, notably including 9102:Demarcation problem 8936:Brigitte Boisselier 8565:Hollow Earth theory 8548:Generational theory 8246:Applied kinesiology 7880:Redemption movement 7648:Georgia Guidestones 6931:Cultural Bolshevism 6570:Soy and masculinity 6240:Energy, environment 6144:EgyptAir Flight 990 5885:Lal Bahadur Shastri 5855:Subhas Chandra Bose 5329:Conspiracy theories 5284:at sacred-texts.com 3984:The House of Wisdom 3842:on October 30, 2012 3676:Augustinian Studies 3612:Augustinian Studies 3345:Ancient Cosmologies 2805:"The King's Mirror" 2739:Lindow, J. (2002). 2535:. pp. 87–107. 2469:2002MmSAI..73S.257D 2116:. Penguin. p. 2113:The Dream of Reason 2070:Scientific American 1415:John William Draper 1367:Kunyu Wanguo Quantu 1149:. However the word 1123:Hildegard of Bingen 970:classical antiquity 944:sphere of the Earth 753:Shatapatha Brahmana 707:in a curved shape. 166:Scientific American 162:conspiracy theories 9172:Skeptical Inquirer 9071:Paul Joseph Watson 9046:Hans Alfred Nieper 8884:Statement analysis 8834:Intelligent design 8709:Reactionless drive 8543:Conversion therapy 8491:Ancient astronauts 8378:Leaky gut syndrome 8358:HIV/AIDS denialism 8113:Cargo cult science 7975:Conspiracy fiction 7885:Sovereign citizens 7638:FBI secret society 7623:Clinton body count 7443:Gezi Park protests 7408:Ukraine bioweapons 7207:Greater Bangladesh 6949:Judeo-Masonic plot 6746:Water fluoridation 6713:HIV/AIDS denialism 6460:Alpha / beta males 6359:Widerøe Flight 933 5837:Władysław Sikorski 5576:Ancient astronauts 5275:2001-04-29 at the 5270:Flat Earth Fallacy 5191:Black Moss Press, 4966:on August 19, 2017 4874:Lindberg, David C. 4847:Numbers, Ronald L. 4843:Lindberg, David C. 4484:Voynich Manuscript 3940:, he writes of an 3773:www.tertullian.org 3643:Numbers, Ronald L. 3639:Lindberg, David C. 3505:. pp. 30–31. 3443:. pp. 58–59. 3273:. pp. 47–49. 3215:. pp. 78–82. 3113:Dover Publications 3081:. pp. 59–60. 2901:Past & Present 2785:. Sacred-texts.com 2533:Ashgate Publishing 2475:on August 25, 2007 1451: 1448:Flat Earth Society 1233: 1197: 1127: 1104:bishop of Salzburg 1079: 1009: 993:Isidore of Seville 954: 871:Diodorus of Tarsus 868: 832:, one of the four 725: 645:Earth is spherical 634: 612:History of geodesy 491: 331: 302:Apollonius Rhodius 278:Shield of Achilles 215: 196:Biblical cosmology 192:Egyptian mythology 119:empirical evidence 57: 9223: 9222: 9134:Cults of Unreason 9107:Scientific method 9036:Ministry of Ayush 8981:Nicholas Gonzalez 8907: 8906: 8844:Law of attraction 8824:Flat Earth theory 8704:Quantum mysticism 8644:Scientific racism 8600:Pseudoarchaeology 8506:Conspiracy theory 8204:characterized as 8148:Pseudomathematics 8138:Pseudoarchaeology 8056: 8055: 8052: 8051: 7943: 7942: 7939: 7938: 7921:Birds Aren't Real 7786: 7785: 7782: 7781: 7778: 7777: 7608:Black helicopters 7519:Mano Negra affair 7489:Itavia Flight 870 7426:2016 coup attempt 7330:In the Arab world 7262: 7172: 7171: 7168: 7167: 7160:Serbs during WWII 7077:Great Replacement 6935:Jewish Bolshevism 6851:War against Islam 6830:Product labeling 6799:French Revolution 6759: 6758: 6598:5G misinformation 6578: 6577: 6440: 6439: 6395:advance knowledge 6377:Pan Am Flight 103 6291: 6290: 6229: 6228: 6225: 6224: 6173:Yemenite children 5903:Robert F. Kennedy 5879:Lee Harvey Oswald 5861:Johnny Stompanato 5778: 5777: 5774: 5773: 5770: 5769: 5731:Aztec, New Mexico 5634:Cryptoterrestrial 5544: 5543: 5540: 5539: 5495:Confirmation bias 5264:The Straight Dope 5197:978-0-88753-439-3 5097:978-1-4050-4702-9 4941:978-0-521-56509-7 4914:978-0-8018-7038-5 4890:978-0-226-74951-8 4860:978-0-520-05692-3 4743:978-0-300-18132-6 4586:978-0-521-56509-7 4559:www.newadvent.org 4438:978-0-521-41909-3 4402:978-3-11-011572-7 4371:978-3-11-011572-7 4344:978-90-04-10669-7 4236:1, 80, pp. 178–79 4179:978-0-674-82360-0 3993:978-1-58574-036-9 3961:978-3-11-011572-7 3931:978-0-86078-836-2 3906:978-0-521-83749-1 3660:978-0-520-05692-3 3477:978-1-4399-0464-0 3450:978-0-231-53147-4 3386:978-81-208-1113-3 3311:978-94-017-1416-7 3280:978-0-7914-0094-4 3222:978-0-521-54214-2 3193:978-0-226-84882-2 3168:978-0-521-07049-2 3130:978-0-486-60079-6 3088:978-0-521-55695-8 2984:978-0-521-05801-8 2842:978-0-521-05801-8 2807:. mediumaevum.com 2752:978-0-19-515382-8 2662:Diogenes Laërtius 2556:Pseudo-Plutarch. 2127:978-0-393-04951-0 2096:978-0-14-020198-7 1944:978-0-275-95904-3 1891:(4): 861, n. 72. 1736: 1506:conspiracy theory 1463:Zetetic Astronomy 1411:Washington Irving 1294:Quranic cosmology 1279:Abbasid Caliphate 1257:Antonio Pigafetta 1017:Early Middle Ages 925:Basil of Caesarea 875:School of Antioch 653:its circumference 629:during a partial 539:, who argued for 453:Chinese astronomy 309:Quintus Smyrnaeus 136:to argue against 123:Hellenistic world 88:conspiracy theory 84:recent resurgence 16:(Redirected from 9258: 9076:Andrew Wakefield 8777:Creation science 8736:Water-fueled car 8698:Perpetual motion 8620:Holocaust denial 8590:Nibiru cataclysm 8585:Nazi archaeology 8388:Macrobiotic diet 8211: 8210: 8083: 8076: 8069: 8060: 8059: 7990:pseudoskepticism 7949: 7948: 7858: 7857: 7792: 7791: 7743: 7742: 7628:Cultural Marxism 7260: 7189: 7188: 7178: 7177: 6978:Killing of Jesus 6926:Committee of 300 6909:Holocaust denial 6862: 6861: 6846:Tartarian Empire 6816: 6807: 6784:CERN ritual hoax 6779:Bhagwa Love Trap 6765: 6764: 6718:origins theories 6603:Anti-vaccination 6584: 6583: 6534:Transvestigation 6446: 6445: 6297: 6296: 6235: 6234: 6195:Body double hoax 6029:Alejandro Castro 5927:Pope John Paul I 5909:Salvador Allende 5843:Benito Mussolini 5795: 5794: 5784: 5783: 5737:Southern England 5695: 5694: 5638:Extraterrestrial 5607: 5606: 5569:Nibiru cataclysm 5550: 5549: 5505:Locus of control 5459:Secret societies 5357: 5356: 5346: 5345: 5322: 5315: 5308: 5299: 5298: 5245: 5232: 5223: 5214: 5174: 5160: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5111: 5100: 5071: 5062: 5056: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5044:The Boston Globe 5034: 5028: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4982: 4976: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4951: 4945: 4944: 4924: 4918: 4917: 4900: 4894: 4893: 4870: 4864: 4863: 4839: 4833: 4832: 4806: 4800: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4783: 4777: 4774: 4765: 4754: 4748: 4747: 4729: 4723: 4722: 4690: 4684: 4665: 4659: 4658: 4640: 4634: 4631: 4625: 4624: 4596: 4590: 4589: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4551: 4545: 4544: 4534: 4513: 4507: 4506: 4488:Castel del Monte 4471: 4465: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4449: 4443: 4442: 4418: 4412: 4406: 4382: 4376: 4375: 4355: 4349: 4348: 4324: 4318: 4317: 4278: 4272: 4261: 4255: 4245: 4239: 4227: 4220: 4205: 4199: 4198: 4190: 4184: 4183: 4165: 4159: 4157: 4116: 4110: 4099: 4093: 4082: 4076: 4075: 4067: 4061: 4050: 4044: 4033: 4027: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4004: 3998: 3997: 3979: 3973: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3945: 3917: 3911: 3910: 3888: 3882: 3871: 3865: 3858: 3852: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3838:. Archived from 3828: 3822: 3819:pp. 211–212 3809: 3803: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3783: 3777: 3776: 3765: 3759: 3758: 3747: 3741: 3726: 3720: 3706: 3700: 3697: 3691: 3690: 3671: 3665: 3664: 3635: 3629: 3628: 3606: 3600: 3597:Rev. Marcus Dods 3595:, translated by 3584: 3578: 3560: 3554: 3553: 3530: 3517: 3516: 3491: 3482: 3481: 3461: 3455: 3454: 3430: 3424: 3414: 3408: 3397: 3391: 3390: 3370: 3364: 3363: 3339: 3328: 3322: 3316: 3315: 3295: 3289: 3288: 3260: 3254: 3246: 3240: 3233: 3227: 3226: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3179: 3173: 3172: 3141: 3135: 3134: 3111:. New York, NY: 3099: 3093: 3092: 3067: 3061: 3058: 3052: 3037: 3031: 3016: 3010: 2995: 2989: 2988: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2928: 2922: 2921: 2895: 2886: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2872:. Archived from 2853: 2847: 2846: 2826: 2817: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2801: 2795: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2779: 2773: 2766: 2760: 2759: 2736: 2730: 2729: 2719: 2713: 2707: 2701: 2693: 2687: 2684: 2678: 2671: 2665: 2659: 2653: 2642: 2636: 2625: 2619: 2609: 2594: 2588: 2578: 2572: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2553: 2547: 2546: 2517: 2511: 2504: 2498: 2491: 2485: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2471:. Archived from 2448: 2442: 2441: 2413: 2407: 2406: 2384: 2378: 2371: 2365: 2359: 2353: 2346: 2340: 2337:Prometheus Bound 2330: 2324: 2321: 2315: 2304: 2298: 2283: 2277: 2271: 2265: 2259: 2253: 2247: 2241: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2231:on March 5, 2009 2230: 2215: 2206: 2200: 2199: 2177: 2171: 2165: 2159: 2153: 2147: 2138: 2132: 2131: 2107: 2101: 2100: 2080: 2074: 2073: 2061: 2055: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2039: 2033: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2013: 2004: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1984: 1975: 1974: 1966:. Archived from 1955: 1949: 1948: 1932: 1922: 1909: 1908: 1876: 1863: 1862: 1860: 1840: 1831: 1830: 1802: 1787: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1739: 1734: 1724: 1718: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1678: 1672: 1671: 1669: 1667: 1650: 1642: 1636: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1616: 1610: 1609: 1607: 1605: 1593:Dunning, Brian. 1590: 1543:Geocentric model 1538:Earth's rotation 1459:Samuel Rowbotham 1455:pseudoscientific 1393: 1392: 1387: 1386: 1364:, published the 1228:L'Image du monde 1154: 1147:emperor Henry VI 1006: 951: 922: 787:Bhagavata Purana 586: 584: 578: 571: 493:The model of an 485: 435:Konungs skuggsjá 408:, a world tree ( 158:pseudoscientific 150:scientific facts 53:Orlando Ferguson 21: 9266: 9265: 9261: 9260: 9259: 9257: 9256: 9255: 9226: 9225: 9224: 9219: 9116: 9092:Bogdanov affair 9080: 9060:Claude Vorilhon 8946:Robert Charroux 8921:Sucharit Bhakdi 8913: 8903: 8740: 8670: 8610:Genocide denial 8575:Japhetic theory 8570:Indigo children 8486:2012 phenomenon 8474: 8418:Patent medicine 8338:Energy medicine 8311:Colon cleansing 8296:Crystal healing 8231:Adrenal fatigue 8205: 8203: 8196: 8101: 8092: 8087: 8057: 8048: 7980:Conspirituality 7954: 7935: 7899: 7890:Strawman theory 7856: 7797: 7774: 7741: 7702:Saddam–al-Qaeda 7678:Project Azorian 7658:Montauk Project 7560: 7544:Elm Guest House 7505:Roman Republic 7459: 7448:Sèvres syndrome 7412: 7371: 7318: 7287:Leuchter report 7259: 7253: 7183: 7164: 7105: 7102:Genocide denial 7096: 7048: 7002: 6988:New World Order 6860: 6812: 6801: 6770: 6755: 6625:in chiropractic 6589: 6574: 6541:Finger pinching 6529:litter box hoax 6495:HIV/AIDS stigma 6451: 6436: 6413:London bombings 6305: 6287: 6242: 6241: 6221: 6190: 6155: 6099:Lost Cosmonauts 6052: 6035:Jeffrey Epstein 6011:Osama bin Laden 5987:Alois Estermann 5873:John F. Kennedy 5819:Louis Le Prince 5802: 5789: 5766: 5693: 5619:Alien abduction 5605: 5564:2012 phenomenon 5555: 5536: 5468: 5351: 5340: 5331: 5326: 5277:Wayback Machine 5205: 5185:Fraser, Raymond 5181: 5179:Further reading 5157: 5133: 5131: 5129: 5098: 5080: 5075: 5074: 5063: 5059: 5049: 5047: 5035: 5031: 5021: 5019: 5009: 5005: 4995: 4993: 4983: 4979: 4969: 4967: 4954:Abbott, Erica. 4952: 4948: 4942: 4925: 4921: 4915: 4901: 4897: 4891: 4871: 4867: 4861: 4840: 4836: 4830: 4807: 4803: 4793: 4791: 4784: 4780: 4775: 4768: 4755: 4751: 4744: 4730: 4726: 4691: 4687: 4666: 4662: 4655: 4641: 4637: 4632: 4628: 4613:10.2307/3727009 4597: 4593: 4587: 4570: 4566: 4553: 4552: 4548: 4514: 4510: 4504: 4472: 4468: 4458: 4456: 4451: 4450: 4446: 4439: 4419: 4415: 4403: 4383: 4379: 4372: 4356: 4352: 4345: 4325: 4321: 4298:10.2307/2852184 4279: 4275: 4262: 4258: 4246: 4242: 4206: 4202: 4191: 4187: 4180: 4166: 4162: 4117: 4113: 4100: 4096: 4083: 4079: 4068: 4064: 4051: 4047: 4034: 4030: 4020: 4018: 4005: 4001: 3994: 3980: 3976: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3932: 3918: 3914: 3907: 3889: 3885: 3872: 3868: 3859: 3855: 3845: 3843: 3830: 3829: 3825: 3810: 3806: 3796: 3794: 3784: 3780: 3767: 3766: 3762: 3749: 3748: 3744: 3727: 3723: 3709:J. L. E. Dreyer 3707: 3703: 3698: 3694: 3672: 3668: 3661: 3636: 3632: 3607: 3603: 3588:De Civitate Dei 3585: 3581: 3561: 3557: 3547: 3531: 3520: 3513: 3495:Cormack, Lesley 3492: 3485: 3478: 3462: 3458: 3451: 3431: 3427: 3415: 3411: 3398: 3394: 3387: 3376:Vedic Mythology 3371: 3367: 3360: 3340: 3331: 3323: 3319: 3312: 3296: 3292: 3281: 3261: 3257: 3250:Natural History 3247: 3243: 3237:De rerum natura 3234: 3230: 3223: 3205: 3201: 3194: 3180: 3176: 3169: 3149:Lloyd, G. E. R. 3142: 3138: 3131: 3100: 3096: 3089: 3071:Lloyd, G. E. R. 3068: 3064: 3059: 3055: 3051:, pp. 227, 499. 3038: 3034: 3030:, pp. 220, 498. 3017: 3013: 2996: 2992: 2985: 2977:. p. 219. 2973:. Vol. 3. 2967:Needham, Joseph 2964: 2960: 2929: 2925: 2896: 2889: 2879: 2877: 2862:Chinese Science 2854: 2850: 2843: 2827: 2820: 2810: 2808: 2803: 2802: 2798: 2788: 2786: 2781: 2780: 2776: 2767: 2763: 2753: 2737: 2733: 2720: 2716: 2708: 2704: 2694: 2690: 2685: 2681: 2672: 2668: 2660: 2656: 2643: 2639: 2626: 2622: 2595: 2591: 2579: 2575: 2565: 2563: 2554: 2550: 2543: 2518: 2514: 2505: 2501: 2492: 2488: 2478: 2476: 2449: 2445: 2414: 2410: 2403: 2385: 2381: 2372: 2368: 2360: 2356: 2347: 2343: 2331: 2327: 2322: 2318: 2312:furthest bounds 2305: 2301: 2284: 2280: 2272: 2268: 2260: 2256: 2248: 2244: 2234: 2232: 2228: 2213: 2207: 2203: 2196: 2178: 2174: 2166: 2162: 2154: 2150: 2139: 2135: 2128: 2108: 2104: 2097: 2081: 2077: 2062: 2058: 2048: 2046: 2040: 2036: 2026: 2024: 2014: 2007: 1997: 1995: 1993:The Denver Post 1985: 1978: 1956: 1952: 1945: 1923: 1912: 1877: 1866: 1858:10.1.1.832.9945 1841: 1834: 1803: 1790: 1780: 1778: 1725: 1721: 1711: 1709: 1699: 1679: 1675: 1665: 1663: 1643: 1639: 1629: 1627: 1618: 1617: 1613: 1603: 1601: 1591: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1563:Scientific myth 1523: 1514: 1440: 1434: 1406: 1400: 1360:and translator 1323: 1271: 1265: 1223:spherical Earth 1179: 1173: 1135:globus cruciger 1062:De Natura Rerum 1058:De Natura Rerum 1033:De Natura Rerum 946:at the center ( 933: 879:John Chrysostom 830:Saint Augustine 796: 713: 697:Pliny the Elder 619: 614: 608:Spherical Earth 604: 596:Zhoubi Suanjing 590:Zhoubi Suanjing 582: 580: 579:(approximately 569: 567: 550:circumnavigated 483: 455: 449: 433:The late Norse 402: 400:Northern Europe 381: 323: 266: 261: 198: 184: 179: 174: 95:spherical Earth 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9264: 9254: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9221: 9220: 9218: 9217: 9210: 9203: 9196: 9189: 9182: 9175: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9151: 9144: 9137: 9130: 9124: 9122: 9118: 9117: 9115: 9114: 9109: 9104: 9099: 9094: 9088: 9086: 9085:Related topics 9082: 9081: 9079: 9078: 9073: 9068: 9066:Randolph Stone 9063: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9041:Theodor Morell 9038: 9033: 9031:Joseph Mercola 9028: 9026:Jenny McCarthy 9023: 9018: 9013: 9008: 9003: 8998: 8993: 8991:Graham Hancock 8988: 8986:Goop (company) 8983: 8978: 8973: 8968: 8963: 8961:Vernon Coleman 8958: 8953: 8948: 8943: 8938: 8933: 8928: 8923: 8917: 8915: 8909: 8908: 8905: 8904: 8902: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8795: 8794: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8759: 8754: 8748: 8746: 8742: 8741: 8739: 8738: 8733: 8728: 8726:Teleportation‎ 8723: 8722: 8721: 8716: 8706: 8701: 8695: 8689: 8684: 8678: 8676: 8672: 8671: 8669: 8668: 8663: 8658: 8657: 8656: 8654:Melanin theory 8651: 8641: 8640: 8639: 8629: 8624: 8623: 8622: 8617: 8612: 8602: 8597: 8595:Parapsychology 8592: 8587: 8582: 8577: 8572: 8567: 8562: 8561: 8560: 8555: 8545: 8540: 8539: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8523: 8518: 8513: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8482: 8480: 8479:Social science 8476: 8475: 8473: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8451: 8450: 8440: 8435: 8430: 8428:Primal therapy 8425: 8420: 8415: 8410: 8405: 8400: 8395: 8393:Magnet therapy 8390: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8360: 8355: 8350: 8345: 8340: 8335: 8330: 8325: 8320: 8315: 8314: 8313: 8306:Detoxification 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8217: 8215: 8208: 8198: 8197: 8195: 8194: 8191:Voodoo Science 8187: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8151: 8150: 8145: 8140: 8135: 8133:Fringe science 8125: 8120: 8115: 8109: 8107: 8103: 8102: 8097: 8094: 8093: 8086: 8085: 8078: 8071: 8063: 8054: 8053: 8050: 8049: 8047: 8046: 8041: 8036: 8034:Radicalization 8031: 8030: 8029: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8004: 8002:Fringe science 7999: 7997:Falsifiability 7994: 7993: 7992: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7965: 7959: 7956: 7955: 7945: 7944: 7941: 7940: 7937: 7936: 7934: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7907: 7905: 7901: 7900: 7898: 7897: 7895:Tax protesters 7892: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7866: 7864: 7855: 7854: 7849: 7848: 7847: 7842: 7837: 7827: 7825:New chronology 7818: 7813: 7808: 7802: 7799: 7798: 7788: 7787: 7784: 7783: 7780: 7779: 7776: 7775: 7773: 7772: 7770:Stop the Steal 7767: 7762: 7757: 7751: 7749: 7740: 7739: 7738: 7737: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7704: 7699: 7698: 7697: 7690: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7640: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7599: 7598: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7570: 7568: 7562: 7561: 7559: 7558: 7557: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7533: 7532: 7531: 7523: 7522: 7521: 7513: 7512: 7511: 7503: 7502: 7501: 7493: 7492: 7491: 7483: 7482: 7481: 7473: 7467: 7465: 7464:Other European 7461: 7460: 7458: 7457: 7450: 7445: 7440: 7439: 7438: 7433: 7422: 7420: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7393:Golden billion 7390: 7385: 7383:Alaska payment 7379: 7377: 7373: 7372: 7370: 7369: 7368: 7367: 7359: 7358: 7357: 7349: 7344: 7343: 7342: 7337: 7326: 7324: 7320: 7319: 7317: 7316: 7315: 7314: 7309: 7301: 7300: 7299: 7291: 7290: 7289: 7284: 7276: 7275: 7274: 7265: 7263: 7255: 7254: 7252: 7251: 7250: 7249: 7241: 7240: 7239: 7231: 7230: 7229: 7221: 7220: 7219: 7211: 7210: 7209: 7204: 7195: 7193: 7185: 7184: 7174: 7173: 7170: 7169: 7166: 7165: 7163: 7162: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7111: 7109: 7098: 7097: 7095: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7058: 7056: 7050: 7049: 7047: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7035: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7013: 7011: 7009:Anti-Christian 7004: 7003: 7001: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6969: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6951: 6946: 6945: 6944: 6928: 6918: 6917: 6916: 6914:Trivialization 6906: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6870: 6868: 6859: 6858: 6856:White genocide 6853: 6848: 6843: 6842: 6841: 6836: 6828: 6826:Priory of Sion 6823: 6818: 6810: 6809: 6808: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6775: 6772: 6771: 6761: 6760: 6757: 6756: 6754: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6726: 6725: 6720: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6689: 6688: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6633: 6632: 6630:misinformation 6627: 6622: 6621: 6620: 6615: 6600: 6594: 6591: 6590: 6580: 6579: 6576: 6575: 6573: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6537: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6515: 6514: 6512:Lavender scare 6504: 6503: 6502: 6492: 6490:gay Nazis myth 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6462: 6456: 6453: 6452: 6442: 6441: 6438: 6437: 6435: 6434: 6428: 6422: 6416: 6410: 6404: 6403: 6402: 6397: 6386: 6380: 6374: 6368: 6365:KAL Flight 007 6362: 6356: 6350: 6341: 6335: 6332:Reichstag fire 6329: 6320: 6310: 6307: 6306: 6293: 6292: 6289: 6288: 6286: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6269: 6268: 6266:false theories 6258: 6253: 6247: 6244: 6243: 6239: 6231: 6230: 6227: 6226: 6223: 6222: 6220: 6219: 6214: 6212:Vladimir Putin 6209: 6204: 6202:Paul McCartney 6198: 6196: 6192: 6191: 6189: 6188: 6182: 6176: 6170: 6163: 6161: 6157: 6156: 6154: 6153: 6147: 6141: 6138:TWA Flight 800 6135: 6126: 6120: 6114: 6108: 6105:JAT Flight 367 6102: 6096: 6090: 6087:Lynmouth Flood 6084: 6078: 6069: 6060: 6058: 6054: 6053: 6051: 6050: 6044: 6038: 6032: 6026: 6020: 6014: 6008: 6005:Benazir Bhutto 6002: 5996: 5990: 5984: 5978: 5972: 5966: 5960: 5954: 5948: 5942: 5936: 5930: 5924: 5921:Renny Ottolina 5918: 5912: 5906: 5900: 5894: 5888: 5882: 5876: 5870: 5867:Marilyn Monroe 5864: 5858: 5852: 5846: 5840: 5834: 5828: 5825:Lord Kitchener 5822: 5816: 5813:Zachary Taylor 5809: 5807: 5791: 5790: 5780: 5779: 5776: 5775: 5772: 5771: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5764: 5758: 5752: 5746: 5740: 5734: 5728: 5722: 5716: 5710: 5703: 5701: 5692: 5691: 5686: 5685: 5684: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5649: 5644: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5615: 5613: 5604: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5572: 5571: 5560: 5557: 5556: 5546: 5545: 5542: 5541: 5538: 5537: 5535: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5523: 5522: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5476: 5474: 5470: 5469: 5467: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5439:Hidden message 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5393: 5392: 5391: 5386: 5383:éminence grise 5379: 5369: 5363: 5361: 5353: 5352: 5342: 5341: 5336: 5333: 5332: 5325: 5324: 5317: 5310: 5302: 5296: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5279: 5267: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5233: 5224: 5215: 5204: 5203:External links 5201: 5200: 5199: 5180: 5177: 5176: 5175: 5161: 5156:978-0691120676 5155: 5140: 5127: 5112: 5101: 5096: 5079: 5076: 5073: 5072: 5057: 5029: 5003: 4977: 4946: 4940: 4919: 4913: 4895: 4889: 4865: 4859: 4834: 4829:978-0275939564 4828: 4801: 4778: 4766: 4749: 4742: 4724: 4685: 4660: 4654:978-1789147582 4653: 4635: 4626: 4591: 4585: 4564: 4546: 4520:Sphaera terrae 4508: 4502: 4466: 4444: 4437: 4413: 4401: 4377: 4370: 4350: 4343: 4319: 4273: 4256: 4240: 4200: 4185: 4178: 4160: 4138:10.1086/352464 4111: 4094: 4077: 4062: 4045: 4028: 3999: 3992: 3974: 3960: 3930: 3912: 3905: 3883: 3866: 3853: 3823: 3804: 3778: 3760: 3742: 3721: 3701: 3692: 3666: 3659: 3630: 3601: 3579: 3555: 3546:978-1565633575 3545: 3518: 3511: 3483: 3476: 3456: 3449: 3425: 3409: 3392: 3385: 3365: 3358: 3329: 3317: 3310: 3290: 3279: 3255: 3241: 3228: 3221: 3199: 3192: 3174: 3167: 3144:On the Heavens 3136: 3129: 3094: 3087: 3062: 3053: 3032: 3011: 2990: 2983: 2958: 2939:(1): 106–27 . 2923: 2904:(87): 39–53 . 2887: 2864:(11): 66–92 . 2848: 2841: 2818: 2796: 2783:"Gylfaginning" 2774: 2761: 2751: 2731: 2714: 2702: 2688: 2679: 2666: 2654: 2637: 2620: 2589: 2573: 2548: 2541: 2512: 2499: 2486: 2443: 2430:10.1086/368583 2408: 2401: 2395:. p. 12. 2379: 2366: 2354: 2341: 2325: 2316: 2299: 2278: 2266: 2254: 2242: 2201: 2194: 2172: 2160: 2148: 2133: 2126: 2102: 2095: 2075: 2056: 2034: 2005: 1976: 1950: 1943: 1910: 1864: 1832: 1813:(1): 106–27 . 1788: 1719: 1697: 1673: 1637: 1611: 1584: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1575: 1570: 1565: 1560: 1555: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1513: 1510: 1471:Samuel Shenton 1436:Main article: 1433: 1430: 1402:Main article: 1399: 1396: 1322: 1319: 1264: 1261: 1231:(c. 1246) 1208:Thomas Aquinas 1172: 1169: 1050:Rabanus Maurus 1013:Late Antiquity 962:Western Europe 932: 929: 883:Eastern Church 877:and mentor of 838:Western Church 795: 792: 712: 709: 655:. The Earth's 618: 615: 603: 600: 519:Joseph Needham 505:as spherical: 448: 445: 412:), or pillar ( 401: 398: 380: 377: 322: 319: 265: 262: 260: 257: 183: 180: 178: 175: 173: 170: 148:. Despite the 93:The idea of a 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9263: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9233: 9231: 9216: 9215: 9211: 9209: 9208: 9204: 9202: 9201: 9197: 9195: 9194: 9190: 9188: 9187: 9183: 9181: 9180: 9176: 9174: 9173: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9156: 9155:Fortean Times 9152: 9150: 9149: 9145: 9143: 9142: 9138: 9136: 9135: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9125: 9123: 9119: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9089: 9087: 9083: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9061: 9057: 9054: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8989: 8987: 8984: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8974: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8964: 8962: 8959: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8951:Deepak Chopra 8949: 8947: 8944: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8918: 8916: 8914:pseudoscience 8910: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8793: 8790: 8789: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8782:Cryptozoology 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8749: 8747: 8743: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8727: 8724: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8711: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8699: 8696: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8682:Anti-gravity‎ 8680: 8679: 8677: 8673: 8667: 8664: 8662: 8659: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8646: 8645: 8642: 8638: 8635: 8634: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8621: 8618: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8608: 8607: 8606: 8605:Pseudohistory 8603: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8553:Generationism 8551: 8550: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8511:5G conspiracy 8509: 8508: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8501:Catastrophism 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8483: 8481: 8477: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8449: 8446: 8445: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8348:FasciaBlaster 8346: 8344: 8341: 8339: 8336: 8334: 8331: 8329: 8326: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8316: 8312: 8309: 8308: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8286:Correactology 8284: 8282: 8281:Chromotherapy 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8218: 8216: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8206:pseudoscience 8199: 8193: 8192: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8149: 8146: 8144: 8143:Pseudohistory 8141: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8130: 8129: 8128:Fringe theory 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8110: 8108: 8104: 8100: 8095: 8091: 8090:Pseudoscience 8084: 8079: 8077: 8072: 8070: 8065: 8064: 8061: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8028: 8025: 8024: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7991: 7988: 7987: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7970: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7960: 7957: 7950: 7946: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7908: 7906: 7902: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7870:Admiralty law 7868: 7867: 7865: 7863: 7859: 7853: 7850: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7832: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7811:NESARA/GESARA 7809: 7807: 7804: 7803: 7800: 7793: 7789: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7752: 7750: 7748: 7747:2020 election 7744: 7736: 7732: 7731:POW/MIA issue 7729: 7728: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7718:Trump–Ukraine 7716: 7714: 7711: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7696: 7695: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7685: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7603:Biden–Ukraine 7601: 7597: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7574: 7573:Barack Obama 7572: 7571: 7569: 7567: 7566:United States 7563: 7555: 7554:Voting pencil 7552: 7550: 7549:Harold Wilson 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7536: 7534: 7530: 7527: 7526: 7524: 7520: 7517: 7516: 7514: 7510: 7507: 7506: 7504: 7500: 7497: 7496: 7494: 7490: 7487: 7486: 7484: 7480: 7477: 7476: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7468: 7466: 7462: 7456: 7455: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7428: 7427: 7424: 7423: 7421: 7419: 7415: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7380: 7378: 7374: 7366: 7363: 7362: 7360: 7356: 7353: 7352: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7332: 7331: 7328: 7327: 7325: 7321: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7304: 7302: 7298: 7297:Casa Matusita 7295: 7294: 7292: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7279: 7277: 7273: 7270: 7269: 7267: 7266: 7264: 7256: 7248: 7245: 7244: 7242: 7238: 7235: 7234: 7232: 7228: 7225: 7224: 7222: 7218: 7215: 7214: 7212: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7199: 7197: 7196: 7194: 7190: 7186: 7179: 7175: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7135:The Holocaust 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7112: 7110: 7108: 7103: 7099: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7062:Counter-jihad 7060: 7059: 7057: 7055: 7051: 7045: 7044:Giuseppe Siri 7042: 7040: 7037: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7019: 7018: 7017:Anti-Catholic 7015: 7014: 7012: 7010: 7005: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6956: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6943: 6942: 6938: 6937: 6936: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6923: 6922: 6919: 6915: 6912: 6911: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6889:Doctors' plot 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6871: 6869: 6867: 6863: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6831: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6815: 6811: 6805: 6800: 6797: 6796: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6776: 6773: 6766: 6762: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6715: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6687: 6686:United States 6683: 6679: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6654: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6610: 6609: 6606: 6605: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6595: 6592: 6585: 6581: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6565:Satanic panic 6563: 6561: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6513: 6510: 6509: 6508: 6505: 6501: 6500:United States 6498: 6497: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6467: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6457: 6454: 6447: 6443: 6432: 6429: 6426: 6423: 6420: 6417: 6414: 6411: 6408: 6405: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6384: 6381: 6378: 6375: 6372: 6369: 6366: 6363: 6360: 6357: 6354: 6351: 6348: 6347: 6342: 6339: 6336: 6333: 6330: 6327: 6326: 6321: 6318: 6317: 6312: 6311: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6294: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6267: 6264: 6263: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6248: 6245: 6236: 6232: 6218: 6217:Melania Trump 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6207:Avril Lavigne 6205: 6203: 6200: 6199: 6197: 6193: 6186: 6183: 6180: 6179:Elvis Presley 6177: 6174: 6171: 6168: 6165: 6164: 6162: 6158: 6151: 6148: 6145: 6142: 6139: 6136: 6133: 6132: 6127: 6124: 6121: 6118: 6115: 6112: 6109: 6106: 6103: 6100: 6097: 6094: 6091: 6088: 6085: 6082: 6079: 6076: 6075: 6070: 6067: 6066: 6062: 6061: 6059: 6055: 6048: 6045: 6042: 6039: 6036: 6033: 6030: 6027: 6024: 6021: 6018: 6015: 6012: 6009: 6006: 6003: 6000: 5999:Yasser Arafat 5997: 5994: 5991: 5988: 5985: 5982: 5979: 5976: 5975:Yitzhak Rabin 5973: 5970: 5967: 5964: 5961: 5958: 5955: 5952: 5949: 5946: 5943: 5940: 5937: 5934: 5931: 5928: 5925: 5922: 5919: 5916: 5913: 5910: 5907: 5904: 5901: 5898: 5895: 5892: 5889: 5886: 5883: 5880: 5877: 5874: 5871: 5868: 5865: 5862: 5859: 5856: 5853: 5850: 5847: 5844: 5841: 5838: 5835: 5832: 5829: 5826: 5823: 5820: 5817: 5814: 5811: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5800: 5799:Assassination 5796: 5792: 5785: 5781: 5762: 5759: 5756: 5755:Alien autopsy 5753: 5750: 5747: 5744: 5741: 5738: 5735: 5732: 5729: 5726: 5723: 5720: 5717: 5714: 5711: 5708: 5705: 5704: 5702: 5700: 5696: 5690: 5689:Project Serpo 5687: 5683: 5682: 5678: 5677: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5655: 5654: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5612: 5608: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5570: 5567: 5566: 5565: 5562: 5561: 5558: 5551: 5547: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5521: 5518: 5517: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5477: 5475: 5471: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5449:Pseudoscience 5447: 5445: 5444:Pseudohistory 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5414:Crisis actors 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5401: 5397: 5394: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5384: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5374: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5364: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5334: 5330: 5323: 5318: 5316: 5311: 5309: 5304: 5303: 5300: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5274: 5271: 5268: 5265: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5243: 5239: 5234: 5230: 5225: 5221: 5216: 5212: 5207: 5206: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5183: 5182: 5172: 5171: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5152: 5148: 5147: 5141: 5130: 5128:9780851156088 5124: 5120: 5119: 5113: 5109: 5108: 5102: 5099: 5093: 5090:, Pan Books, 5089: 5088: 5082: 5081: 5069: 5068: 5061: 5046: 5045: 5040: 5033: 5018: 5014: 5007: 4992: 4988: 4985:Heigl, Alex. 4981: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4950: 4943: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4928:Grant, Edward 4923: 4916: 4910: 4906: 4899: 4892: 4886: 4882: 4879: 4875: 4869: 4862: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4838: 4831: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4816: 4811: 4805: 4789: 4782: 4773: 4771: 4763: 4762:0-521-32276-6 4759: 4753: 4745: 4739: 4735: 4728: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4689: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4664: 4656: 4650: 4646: 4639: 4630: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4595: 4588: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4573:Grant, Edward 4568: 4560: 4556: 4550: 4542: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4524: 4523: 4519: 4512: 4505: 4503:9788849277494 4499: 4495: 4491: 4489: 4485: 4479: 4478: 4470: 4454: 4448: 4440: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4425: 4417: 4410: 4404: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4389: 4381: 4373: 4367: 4363: 4362: 4354: 4346: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4331: 4323: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4277: 4270: 4266: 4260: 4253: 4249: 4244: 4237: 4233: 4232: 4226: 4218: 4214: 4213: 4204: 4196: 4189: 4181: 4175: 4171: 4164: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4132:(2): 268–77. 4131: 4127: 4121: 4115: 4108: 4104: 4098: 4091: 4087: 4081: 4073: 4066: 4059: 4055: 4049: 4042: 4038: 4032: 4016: 4012: 4011: 4003: 3995: 3989: 3985: 3978: 3963: 3957: 3953: 3952: 3944: 3943: 3939: 3933: 3927: 3923: 3916: 3908: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3887: 3880: 3876: 3870: 3863: 3857: 3841: 3837: 3835: 3827: 3820: 3816: 3815: 3808: 3793: 3789: 3782: 3774: 3770: 3764: 3756: 3752: 3746: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3725: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3705: 3696: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3670: 3662: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3634: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3613: 3605: 3598: 3594: 3593: 3589: 3583: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3566: 3559: 3552: 3548: 3542: 3538: 3537: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3514: 3512:9780674057418 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3490: 3488: 3479: 3473: 3469: 3468: 3460: 3452: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3437: 3429: 3422: 3418: 3413: 3406: 3402: 3396: 3388: 3382: 3378: 3377: 3369: 3361: 3359:9780041000382 3355: 3351: 3347: 3346: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3327:, p. 52. 3326: 3321: 3313: 3307: 3303: 3302: 3294: 3287: 3282: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3267: 3259: 3252: 3251: 3245: 3238: 3232: 3224: 3218: 3214: 3211:. Cambridge: 3210: 3203: 3195: 3189: 3185: 3178: 3170: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3132: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3109: 3104: 3098: 3090: 3084: 3080: 3077:. Cambridge: 3076: 3072: 3066: 3057: 3050: 3049:0-521-05801-5 3046: 3042: 3036: 3029: 3028:0-521-05801-5 3025: 3021: 3015: 3008: 3007:0-521-05801-5 3004: 3000: 2994: 2986: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2962: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2927: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2902: 2894: 2892: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2852: 2844: 2838: 2834: 2833: 2825: 2823: 2806: 2800: 2784: 2778: 2771: 2765: 2758: 2754: 2748: 2744: 2743: 2735: 2727: 2726: 2718: 2711: 2706: 2699: 2692: 2683: 2676: 2670: 2663: 2658: 2651: 2647: 2641: 2634: 2630: 2624: 2617: 2613: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2593: 2586: 2582: 2577: 2561: 2560: 2552: 2544: 2542:9780754605331 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2516: 2509: 2503: 2496: 2490: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2463:(3): 257–62. 2462: 2458: 2454: 2447: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2412: 2404: 2402:9780691024110 2398: 2394: 2390: 2383: 2376: 2370: 2363: 2358: 2351: 2345: 2338: 2335:, verse 305; 2334: 2329: 2320: 2313: 2309: 2303: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2282: 2275: 2270: 2263: 2258: 2251: 2246: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2212: 2205: 2197: 2195:9780199730049 2191: 2187: 2183: 2176: 2169: 2164: 2157: 2152: 2146: 2142: 2141:Pyramid Texts 2137: 2129: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2114: 2106: 2098: 2092: 2088: 2087: 2079: 2071: 2067: 2060: 2045: 2038: 2023: 2019: 2012: 2010: 1994: 1990: 1983: 1981: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1954: 1946: 1940: 1936: 1931: 1930: 1921: 1919: 1917: 1915: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1859: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1839: 1837: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1744: 1738: 1733: 1723: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1698:0-415-96930-1 1694: 1690: 1686: 1685: 1677: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1649: 1641: 1625: 1621: 1615: 1600: 1596: 1589: 1585: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1558:Pseudoscience 1556: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1529: 1528:Alderson disk 1526: 1525: 1518: 1509: 1507: 1501: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1405: 1395: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1359: 1353: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1328: 1318: 1316: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1296:, the Earth ( 1295: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1238: 1230: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1215: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1194: 1190: 1189: 1183: 1178: 1168: 1164: 1162: 1158: 1157:Martin Behaim 1153: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1139:Theodosius II 1136: 1132: 1124: 1120: 1115: 1111: 1109: 1105: 1098: 1093: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1075: 1071: 1069: 1068: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1029: 1024: 1020: 1018: 1014: 1005: 1001:(chapter 14, 1000: 999: 994: 990: 987:12th-century 985: 981: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 950: 949:globus terrae 945: 940: 936: 928: 926: 918: 914: 912: 908: 904: 900: 899: 894: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 866: 861: 857: 855: 854: 846: 841: 839: 835: 831: 826: 824: 819: 818: 813: 809: 805: 801: 791: 789: 788: 783: 779: 775: 770: 768: 764: 763: 757: 755: 754: 749: 745: 741: 738:(heaven) and 737: 732: 730: 722: 717: 708: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 688: 687: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 657:circumference 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 632: 631:lunar eclipse 628: 623: 613: 609: 599: 597: 592: 591: 577: 576: 565: 561: 560: 554: 551: 546: 542: 538: 534: 527: 522: 520: 514: 512: 506: 504: 500: 496: 489: 480: 475: 472: 466: 464: 460: 459:ancient China 454: 443: 438: 436: 430: 425: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 397: 395: 394: 389: 385: 376: 374: 370: 365: 363: 359: 355: 350: 348: 344: 340: 336: 327: 318: 316: 315: 310: 305: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 256: 254: 249: 247: 243: 239: 235: 234:Pyramid Texts 230: 228: 224: 220: 212: 208: 207: 202: 197: 193: 189: 169: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 126: 124: 120: 116: 112: 108: 107:pre-Socratics 104: 100: 96: 91: 89: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 64:Earth's shape 61: 54: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 9212: 9205: 9198: 9191: 9184: 9177: 9170: 9153: 9146: 9139: 9132: 9021:Mike Lindell 8941:Rhonda Byrne 8912:Promoters of 8899:Water memory 8839:Laundry ball 8823: 8731:Tractor beam 8687:Cold fusion‎ 8383:Lunar effect 8328:Ear candling 8276:Chiropractic 8266:Bloodletting 8256:Bates method 8226:Aromatherapy 8189: 8155:Junk science 8044:Superstition 7967: 7823: / 7821:Phantom time 7760:"Pence Card" 7733: / 7727:Vietnam War 7692: 7653:Jade Helm 15 7594: / 7452: 7388:Dulles' Plan 7272:Andinia Plan 7247:Finland Plot 7233:South Korea 7227:Tallano gold 7223:Philippines 7054:Islamophobic 7007:Christian / 6983:Kalergi Plan 6973:Judeopolonia 6961:World War II 6953: 6939: 6933: / 6904:George Soros 6899:Epsilon Team 6874:Andinia Plan 6730:Lepers' plot 6684: / 6680: / 6672:turbo cancer 6558: / 6400:WTC collapse 6389:9/11 attacks 6345: 6338:Pearl Harbor 6324: 6315: 6130: 6123:Khamar-Daban 6093:Dyatlov Pass 6073: 6065:Mary Celeste 6064: 5963:Vince Foster 5849:Adolf Hitler 5713:Maury Island 5707:Dundy County 5679: 5670:Men in black 5652: 5640: / 5636: / 5591:Hollow Earth 5520:moral panics 5510:Manipulation 5402: / 5398: / 5381: 5242:the original 5188: 5169: 5145: 5132:. 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Also in: 3938:Etymologies 3846:February 9, 3403:, pp. 3235:Lucretius, 3115:. pp. 2880:January 23, 2811:November 6, 2789:February 9, 2686:FGrH F 18a. 2644:Xenophanes 2598:Anaximander 2506:Aristotle, 2497:, 294b13–21 2493:Aristotle, 2350:Argonautica 2235:February 2, 2049:February 8, 1851:: 210–218. 1648:"Astronomy" 1473:set up the 1287:mathematics 1143:Reichsapfel 1086:St Boniface 1067:Etymologies 1046:T and O map 1028:Etymologies 998:Etymologiae 989:T and O map 966:Middle Ages 812:Constantine 800:Athenagoras 545:outer space 503:the heavens 418:Jormungandr 354:Anaximander 292:of Cyprus, 206:Imago Mundi 160:flat-Earth 134:Protestants 76:cosmography 9236:Flat Earth 9230:Categories 9166:Quackwatch 8996:David Icke 8976:Max Gerson 8971:Gaia, Inc. 8859:Numerology 8854:Lysenkoism 8849:Levitation 8829:Graphology 8714:Dean drive 8649:Aryan race 8580:Mediumship 8455:Trepanning 8423:Phrenology 8363:Homeopathy 8261:Biorhythms 8160:Paranormal 8017:Paranormal 7926:Li's field 7845:synarchism 7840:Illuminati 7835:Bilderberg 7707:Sandy Hook 7643:FEMA camps 7495:Lithuania 7340:Cairo fire 7312:Golpe Azul 7303:Venezuela 7268:Argentina 7120:Bangladesh 7082:Love jihad 6941:Żydokomuna 6884:Cohen Plan 6794:Freemasons 6657:Ivermectin 6647:Chemtrails 6642:Big Pharma 6618:Thiomersal 6485:gay agenda 6480:drag panic 6465:Anti-LGBTQ 6302:False flag 5945:Zia-ul-Haq 5939:Olof Palme 5761:Morristown 5725:Twin Falls 5681:Die Glocke 5647:Dulce Base 5601:Reptilians 5586:Flat Earth 5473:Psychology 5409:Conspiracy 5377:deep state 5022:August 19, 4996:August 19, 4970:August 19, 4269:p. 53 4158:, page 274 4090:III. 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