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consists of a network of interconnected fissures, fractures, and conduits emplaced within permeable rock. Most of the groundwater flow occurs through a network of openings, while groundwater is held in storage within the geological structures themselves.
354:. Although these regions normally have moderate to heavy rainfall, they are noticeably devoid of vegetation and characteristically have no lakes, rivers, or streams on their surface. They form when large to massive veins of soluble aggregate like
646:
925:
400:. Karst aquifers are a vital resource in the US; about 20 percent of the land surface in the US is classified as karst. Other parts of the world with large areas of karst include the
209:, and other ice formations. A crevasse may be as deep as 45 m (148 ft) and as wide as 20 m (66 ft). A crevasse may be covered, but not necessarily filled, by a
213:
made of the previous years' accumulation and snow drifts. The result is that crevasses are rendered invisible, and extremely dangerous to anyone attempting to traverse a glacier.
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Transverse crevasses form in a zone of longitudinal extension where the principal stresses are parallel to the direction of glacier flow.
870:
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is sufficient to break the ice along the faces. The breakage often forms vertical or near-vertical walls, which can melt and create
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resulting from the opposing force produced by their movement at different rates of speed. The force builds until their associated
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113:, is a long, narrow crack or linear opening in the Earth's crust. Ground fissures can form naturally, such as from
486:"Deformation at longyao ground fissure and its surroundings, north China plain, revealed by ALOS PALSAR PS-InSAR"
350:
are vast regions of barren land with rocky ground and generally consisting of nearby caves, fissured ground, and
129:. They can be hazardous to people and livestock living on the affected surfaces and damaging to property and
1033:
152:
of arid valleys having rock formations and compacted soils with a high percentage of fine-grained material.
1702:
1671:
991:
674:
The Origin and Extent of Earth
Fissures in Escalante Valley, Southern Escalante Desert, Iron County, Utah
125:, such as oil mining and groundwater pumping. Once formed, ground fissures can be extended and eroded by
32:
This article is about cracks that open on a planetary surface. For other types of geological cracks, see
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Yang, Chengshen; Lu, Zhong; Zhang, Qin; Zhao, Chaoying; Peng, Jianbing; Ji, Lingyun (May 2018),
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Longitudinal crevasses form parallel to the ice flow where the glacier width is expanding.
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Investigation of land subsidence and earth fissures in Cedar Valley, Iron County, Utah
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Lund, W.R.; DuRoss, C.B.; Kirby, S.M.; McDonald, G.N.; Hunt, G.; Vice, G.S. (2005).
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647:"Record Pinal County fissure shows Arizona is still prone to shifting earth levels"
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508:
457:"Volcano Watch — A recap of the Kamoamoa fissure eruption on its third anniversary"
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In the United States, about 40% of the groundwater used for drinking comes from
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Carlson, Grace; Carnes, Lorraine K.; Cook, Joseph P. (4 September 2019).
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Ground cracks at an east–west segment of
Kamoamoa after its 2011
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causing fissures to form at the surface. This typically occurs at the
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Inkenbrandt, P.; Lund, W.; Lowe, M.; Knudsen, T.; Bowman, S. (2014).
493:
International
Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
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546:"Exploring Arizona earth fissures: An anthropogenic geologic hazard"
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vent through which lava erupts. Fissure vents are connected to deep
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392:. Some of these areas are well known vacation destinations like
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In circumstances where there is the extensive withdrawal of
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are excavated by underground torrents of flowing water.
51:. The geologist is about 180 cm (5.9 ft) tall.
807:
805:
670:
240:
Splaying crevasses appear along the edges of a glacier.
133:, such as roads, underground pipes, canals, and dams.
69:, which means 'cleft' or 'crack'. Fissures emerge in
59:
is a long, narrow crack opening along the surface of
802:
732:
592:"Earth Fissures, Subsidence & Karst in Arizona"
618:"USGS: Volcano Hazards Program Glossary - Fissure"
739:van der Veen, C (1990). "Crevasses on Glaciers".
550:Geologic Excursions in Southwestern North America
543:
27:Long, narrow crack opening on a planetary surface
1684:
738:
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943:
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1006:
992:
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63:. The term is derived from the Latin word
838:
829:
711:. Special Study. Utah Geological Survey.
677:. Special Study. Utah Geological Survey.
926:"Karst Aquifers: Colorado Plateau Karst"
893:
761:
379:
323:
257:
220:
165:
92:
42:
527:"The Mystery about Earthquake Fissures"
518:
474:
14:
1685:
1013:
979:External images of Almannagja fissures
586:
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987:
782:
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640:
638:
384:Map of major US aquifers by rock type
286:and are typically found in and along
216:
863:
537:
524:
294:. They are commonly associated with
1249:List of tectonic plate interactions
698:
664:
610:
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262:A volcanic fissure and lava channel
24:
635:
25:
1714:
972:
789:Society for Cultural Anthropology
369:
88:
1667:
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783:Dodds, Klaus (24 October 2017).
645:Star, Tony Davis Arizona Daily.
644:
313:
298:. Over time fissure vents form
247:
189:, is a deep linear crack in an
97:A fissure in the lava field of
814:"Primary Transverse Crevasses"
812:Holdsworth, G (October 1956).
13:
1:
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123:consequence of human activity
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1334:Thick-skinned deformation
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1021:
831:10.1017/S0022143000020797
755:10.1080/10889379909377677
513:10.1016/j.jag.2017.12.010
1339:Thin-skinned deformation
1115:Stereographic projection
850:www.volcanodiscovery.com
404:, China, and Australia.
225:Transverse crevasses in
38:Fissure (disambiguation)
1105:Orthographic projection
1088:Measurement conventions
1034:Lamé's stress ellipsoid
905:Encyclopedia Britannica
385:
340:
263:
233:
178:
140:, the earth above the
102:
101:National Park, Iceland
64:
52:
36:. For other uses, see
1616:Paleostress inversion
1309:Strike-slip tectonics
1179:Extensional tectonics
1159:Continental collision
1029:Deformation mechanism
818:Journal of Glaciology
558:10.1130/2019.0055(04)
383:
327:
261:
224:
169:
96:
46:
1194:Fold and thrust belt
871:"How Volcanoes Work"
1626:Section restoration
1502:Rock microstructure
1164:Convergent boundary
1064:Strain partitioning
1049:Overburden pressure
1039:Mohr–Coulomb theory
881:on 28 February 2018
772:National Geographic
531:seismo.berkeley.edu
505:2018IJAEO..67....1Y
1703:Structural geology
1603:Kinematic analysis
1259:Mountain formation
1174:Divergent boundary
1139:Accretionary wedge
1015:Structural geology
846:"Geology glossary"
651:Arizona Daily Star
622:volcanoes.usgs.gov
409:karst hydrogeology
386:
341:
270:, also known as a
264:
234:
227:Chugach State Park
217:Types of crevasses
179:
170:A crevasse in the
103:
53:
34:Fracture (geology)
1698:Patterned grounds
1680:
1679:
1611:3D fold evolution
1497:Pressure solution
1492:Oblique foliation
1372:Exfoliation joint
1362:Columnar jointing
1022:Underlying theory
901:"Karst | geology"
718:978-1-55791-891-8
684:978-1-55791-730-0
567:978-0-8137-5655-4
185:, also called an
115:tectonic faulting
109:, also called an
16:(Redirected from
1710:
1670:
1669:
1415:Detachment fault
1410:Cataclastic rock
1344:Thrust tectonics
1314:Structural basin
1289:Pull-apart basin
1229:Horst and graben
1008:
1001:
994:
985:
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951:"Karst Aquifers"
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877:. Archived from
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422:Fabric (geology)
394:Carlsbad Caverns
296:shield volcanoes
284:magma reservoirs
276:eruption fissure
272:volcanic fissure
172:Tangra Mountains
49:fissure eruption
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1450:Transform fault
1425:Fault mechanics
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1284:Plate tectonics
1234:Intra-arc basin
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1095:Brunton compass
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824:(52): 107–129.
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742:Polar Geography
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1154:Back-arc basin
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749:(3): 213–245.
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598:. 12 July 2017
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525:Berkeley, UC.
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390:karst aquifers
374:Main article:
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370:Karst aquifers
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318:Main article:
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160:Main article:
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314:Karst terrain
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304:lava channels
302:and can feed
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1440:Thrust fault
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1129:Large-scale
1100:Inclinometer
1074:Stress field
960:27 September
958:. Retrieved
955:www.usgs.gov
954:
945:
935:26 September
933:. Retrieved
930:www.usgs.gov
929:
920:
910:26 September
908:. Retrieved
904:
895:
885:26 September
883:. Retrieved
879:the original
875:sci.sdsu.edu
874:
865:
855:25 September
853:. Retrieved
849:
840:
821:
817:
794:26 September
792:. Retrieved
788:
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734:
724:21 September
722:. Retrieved
707:
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690:21 September
688:. Retrieved
673:
666:
656:22 September
654:. Retrieved
650:
627:21 September
625:. Retrieved
621:
612:
602:21 September
600:. Retrieved
595:
573:24 September
571:. Retrieved
549:
539:
530:
520:
496:
492:
466:25 September
464:. Retrieved
461:www.usgs.gov
460:
451:
427:Fissure vein
406:
398:Mammoth Cave
387:
342:
278:, is a long
268:fissure vent
265:
254:Fissure vent
248:Fissure vent
199:shear stress
180:
135:
104:
56:
54:
29:
1621:Paleostress
1507:Slickenside
1482:Crenulation
1435:Fault trace
1430:Fault scarp
1420:Disturbance
1405:Cataclasite
1294:Rift valley
1214:Half-graben
1184:Fault block
1169:DĂ©collement
432:Thermokarst
211:snow bridge
187:ice fissure
142:water table
138:groundwater
119:earthquakes
1687:Categories
1649:Pure shear
1636:Shear zone
1593:Competence
1477:Compaction
1354:Fracturing
1149:Autochthon
1144:Allochthon
443:References
437:Topography
346:or simply
308:lava tubes
292:rift zones
176:Antarctica
121:, or as a
99:Ăžingvellir
75:ice sheets
1585:Boudinage
1565:Monocline
1560:Homocline
1540:Anticline
1522:Tectonite
1512:Stylolite
1487:Fissility
1464:lineation
1460:Foliation
1324:Syneclise
1269:Obduction
1239:Inversion
1131:tectonics
785:"Fissure"
402:Caribbean
356:limestone
352:sinkholes
191:ice sheet
83:volcanoes
81:, and on
1672:Category
1644:Mylonite
1575:Vergence
1570:Syncline
1472:Cleavage
1397:Faulting
768:Crevasse
416:See also
407:Typical
364:dolomite
339:, France
280:volcanic
183:crevasse
162:Crevasse
156:Crevasse
79:glaciers
18:Fissures
1545:Chevron
1532:Folding
1377:Fissure
1329:Terrane
1274:Orogeny
1254:MĂ©lange
1189:Fenster
1079:Tension
501:Bibcode
331:in the
195:glacier
146:subside
66:fissura
57:fissure
1319:Suture
1304:Saddle
1244:Klippe
1209:Graben
1069:Stress
1059:Strain
715:
681:
564:
360:gypsum
337:Lozère
333:causse
329:Doline
231:Alaska
207:arches
203:seracs
1654:Shear
1382:Joint
1264:Nappe
1224:Horst
1219:Horse
499:: 1,
489:(PDF)
362:, or
348:karst
320:Karst
288:rifts
150:floor
73:, on
61:Earth
1555:Dome
1462:and
1387:Vein
1367:Dike
1299:Rift
1110:Rake
962:2021
937:2021
912:2021
887:2021
857:2001
796:2021
726:2021
713:ISBN
692:2021
679:ISBN
658:2021
629:2021
604:2021
596:AZGS
575:2021
562:ISBN
468:2021
396:and
306:and
290:and
144:can
117:and
77:and
826:doi
770:by
751:doi
554:doi
509:doi
274:or
193:or
1689::
953:.
928:.
903:.
873:.
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820:.
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804:^
787:.
747:23
745:.
649:.
637:^
620:.
594:.
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552:.
548:.
529:.
507:,
497:67
495:,
491:,
476:^
459:.
358:,
310:.
266:A
229:,
205:,
181:A
174:,
105:A
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55:A
1007:e
1000:t
993:v
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889:.
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828::
822:8
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