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ability, and how the fish moves up and downstream. A fish passage that is designed to allow fish to pass upstream may not allow passage downstream, for instance. Fish passages do not always work. In practice a challenge is matching swimming performance data to hydrodynamic measurements. Swim tests rarely use the same protocol and the output is either a single-point measurement or a bulk velocity. In contrast, physical and numerical modelling of fluid flow (i.e. hydrodynamics) deliver a detailed flow map, with a fine spatial and temporal resolution. Regulatory agencies face a difficult task to match hydrodynamic measurements and swimming performance data.
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regions. However, baffles can reduce drastically the culvert discharge capacity for a given afflux, thus increasing substantially the total cost of the culvert structure to achieve the same design discharge and afflux. It is believed that fish-turbulence interplay may facilitate upstream migration, albeit an optimum design must be based upon a careful characterisation of both hydrodynamics and fish kinematics. Finally the practical engineering design implications cannot be ignored, while a solid understanding of turbulence typology is a basic requirement to any successful boundary treatment conducive of upstream fish passage.
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to the upstream level. Once the shaft is full, a sluice at the top level opens, to allow fish to continue their journey upstream. The top sluice then closes, and the shaft empties for the process to begin again. A number of
Borland fish locks have been built in Scotland, associated with hydro-electric dams, including one at Aigas Dam on the
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There are several types of fish locks, such as the
Borland fish lock, Deelder lock and Pavlov lock. A new type of fish lock is the Fishcon lock, which enables both upstream and downstream fish migration in a compact space. This innovative technology was developed by the company Fishcon. Between 2019
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This is similar to a canal lock. At the downstream end of the obstruction, fish are attracted to a collecting pool by an outflow of water through a sluice gate. At fixed intervals, the gate is closed, and water from the upper level fills the collecting pool and an inclined shaft, lifting the fish up
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Fish ladders have a mixed record of effectiveness. They vary in effectiveness for different types of species, with one study showing that only three percent of
American Shad make it through all the fish ladders on the way to their spawning ground. Effectiveness depends on the fish species' swimming
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to carry fish over a barrier. It is well suited to tall barriers. With a fish elevator, fish swim into a collection area at the base of the obstruction. When enough fish accumulate in the collection area, they are nudged into a hopper that carries them into a flume that empties into the river above
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A 1714 construction of an old channel bypassing a dam, "originally cut for the passage of fish up and down the river", is mentioned in the 1823 U.S. Circuit Court Case Tyler v. Wilkinson. This example predates the 1880 fish ladder at
Pawtuxet Falls. The 1714 channel "wholly failed for this purpose"
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Similar to a pool-and-weir system, except that each "dam" has a narrow slot in it near the channel wall. This allows fish to swim upstream without leaping over an obstacle. Vertical-slot fish passages also tend to handle reasonably well the seasonal fluctuation in water levels on each side of the
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Uses a series of symmetrical close-spaced baffles in a channel to redirect the flow of water, allowing fish to swim around the barrier. Baffle fishways need not have resting areas, although pools can be included to provide a resting area or to reduce the velocity of the flow. Such fishways can be
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to minimize the space needed for their construction. Baffles come in variety of designs. The most common design is the
Larinier pass, named after the French engineer who designed them. They are suitable for coarse fish as well as salmonids, and can be built large enough to be used by canoes. The
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Baffles may be installed along the barrel invert to provide some fish-friendly alternative. For low discharges, the baffles decrease the flow velocity and increase the water depth to facilitate fish passage. At larger discharges, baffles induce lower local velocities and generate recirculation
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Uses large rocks and timbers to make pools and small falls that mimic natural structures. Because of the length of the channel needed for the ladder, such structures are most appropriate for relatively short barriers. They have a significant advantage in that they can provide fish spawning
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170:) into the waters on the other side. The velocity of water falling over the steps has to be great enough to attract the fish to the ladder, but it cannot be so great that it washes fish back downstream or exhausts them to the point of inability to continue their journey upriver.
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on natural streams and rivers has been recognised. While the culvert discharge capacity derives from hydrological and hydraulic engineering considerations, this results often in large velocities in the barrel, which may prevent fish from passing through.
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salmon ladder was built around 1830 by James Smith, a
Scottish engineer on the River Teith, near Deanston, Perthshire in Scotland. Both the weir and salmon ladder are there today and many subsequent salmon ladders built in Scotland were inspired by it.
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and mid-2024, seven
Fishcon locks were installed in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. Five of these installations have been already independently evaluated with great results and deemed functional according to Austrian and German standards.
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Allows the pass to be installed parallel to a water course and can be used to link two watercourses. The pass utilises a syphon effect to regulate its flow. This style is particularly favoured to aid flood
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One of the oldest styles of fish ladders. It uses a series of small dams and pools of regular length to make a long, sloping channel for fish to travel around the obstruction. The channel acts as a fixed
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barrier. Recent studies suggest that navigation locks have a potential to be operated as vertical slot fishways to provide increased access for a range of biota, including poor swimmers.
278:, for example, is a modular prefabricated Denil-fishway variant originally designed for remote areas of Alaska. Baffles have been installed by Project Maitai in several waterways in
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A wet, flexible pneumatic tube uses air pressure to suck in salmon one at a time and gently shoot them out into the destination water. The system was originally designed by
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Written reports of rough fishways date to 17th-century France, where bundles of branches were used to make steps in steep channels to bypass obstructions.
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original design for a Denil fishway was developed in 1909 by a
Belgian scientist, G. Denil; it has since been adjusted and adapted in many ways. The
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944:"Turbulent flow field comparison and related suitability for fish passage of a standard and a simplified low-gradient vertical slot fishway"
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species. Most fishways enable fish to pass around the barriers by swimming and leaping up a series of relatively low steps (hence the term
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208:, Canada, who designed a fishway to bypass a dam at his water-powered lumber mill. In 1852–1854, the Ballisodare Fish Pass was built in
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1349:. Hydraulic Model Report No. CH107/17, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 130 pages.
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903:"Can navigation locks be used to help migratory fishes with poor swimming performance pass tidal barrages? A test with lampreys"
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and, in 1730, a mill was built in its place. The channel and its mill usage became an important legal case in U.S. water law.
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advanced, dams and other river obstructions became larger and more common, leading to the need for effective fish by-passes.
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1483:"Utilising the Boundary Layer to Help Restore the Connectivity of Fish Habitats and Populations. An Engineering Discussion"
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DFO CSAS Research
Document No. 2016/002, Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, Canada
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U.S. Orders
Modification of Klamath River – Dams Removal May Prove More Cost-Effective for allowing the passage of Salmon
1436:"Modelling Upstream Fish Passage in Standard Box Culverts: Interplay between Turbulence, Fish Kinematics, and Energetics"
1262:
Olsen, A.; Tullis, B. (2013). "Laboratory Study of Fish Passage and Discharge Capacity in Slip-Lined, Baffled Culverts".
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1409:"Baffle Systems to Facilitate Upstream Fish Passage in Standard Box Culverts: How About Fish-Turbulence Interplay?"
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1217:"How a better understanding of Fish-Hydrodynamics Interactions might enhance upstream fish passage in culverts"
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to gradually step down the water level; to head upstream, fish must jump over from box to box in the ladder.
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6th IAHR International Symposium on Hydraulic Structures, Hydraulic Structures and Water System Management
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Fish-friendly waterways and culverts - Integration of hydrodynamics and fish turbulence interplay
297:, for example, two fish elevators lift up to 500 fish at a time, 52 feet (15.85 m), to clear the
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Using Triangular Baffles to Facilitate Upstream Fish Passage in Box Culverts: Physical Modelling
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into a river that had not supported a fishery. In 1880, the first fish ladder was built in
8:
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Fish ladder access point (from the downriver side of the power generator-lock complex):
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1169:"Upstream Battle: Fishes Shun Modern Dam Passages, Contributing to Population Declines"
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Katopodis, C.; Gervais, R. (2016). "Fish Swimming Performance Database and Analyses".
681: – Movement of fishes from one part of a water body to another on a regular basis
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687: – device designed to prevent fish from swimming or being drawn into an aqueduct
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282:, New Zealand, to improve fish passage as part of general environmental restoration.
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Construction of a vertical slot fish passage and eel ladder for the St. Ours Dam
1302:"Baffle Designs to Facilitate Fish Passage in Box Culverts: A Preliminary Study"
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1087:"First monitoring results and operation experience of a new type of fish pass"
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Upstream fish passage in box culverts: how do fish and turbulence interplay?
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Reconnecting Rivers: Natural Channel Design in Dam Removals and Fish Passage
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1590:/Deutscher Verband fĂĽr Wasserwirtschaft und Kulturbau (DVWK), Rome, 2002
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Silva, S.; Lowry, M.; Macaya-Solis, C.; Byatt, B.; Lucas, M. C. (2017).
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2015:
1995:
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140:, is a structure on or around artificial and natural barriers (such as
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1372:"Fish Passage through Culverts, Rock Weirs and Estuarine Obstructions"
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Fish passage technologies : protection at hydropower facilities
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37th IAHR World Congress, IAHR & USAINS, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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This fish failed to enter the narrow opening in the fish ladder in
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1142:"Blocked Migration: Fish Ladders On U.S. Dams Are Not Effective"
1035:"What is the 'salmon cannon' and how do the fish feel about it?"
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Quaranta, E.; Katopodis, C.; Revelli, R.; Comoglio, C (2017).
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Structure to allow fish to migrate upriver around barriers
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1617:'s European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (EIFAC))
1067:. Scottish and Southern Energy. p. 8. Archived from
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contains an unencyclopedic or excessive gallery of images
141:
105:
Drone video of a fish way in Estonia, on the river Jägala
1694:
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During the last three decades, the ecological impact of
1588:
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
1009:"Whoosh: 'Salmon Cannon' Shoots Fish Upstream to Spawn"
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204:
A version was patented in 1837 by Richard McFarlan of
816:
Office Of Technology Assessment Washington DC (1995)
288:
Breaks with the ladder design by providing a sort of
1239:
The Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow: An Introduction
1148:. Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Sciences
1123:"Fishcon-Schleuse ermöglicht Fischauf- und -abstieg"
689:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1376:
Bulletin Français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture
1241:. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2nd edition, Oxford, UK.
301:. In 2013, the elevator carried over 400,000 fish.
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1227:
1192:
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696: – Structure in Perth and Kinross, Scotland
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2508:International Seafood Sustainability Foundation
2134:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
1558:A study of the hydraulics of flow over fishways
1528:
1423:
1290:
800:"33 U.S. Code § 608 - Construction of fishways"
1583:Fish passes. Design, dimensions and monitoring
1160:
224:Dam. The ladder was removed in 1924, when the
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1666:
1186:
992:'Salmon Cannon' Fires Fish Over Dams At 22mph
379:beside adjacent text, in accordance with the
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1204:
890:. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources.
2284:List of commercially important fish species
2129:Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing
1471:
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1221:Civil Engineering Research Report No. CE162
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843:. Canal and River Trust. 22 December 2020.
373:removing excessive or indiscriminate images
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865:. United States Fish and Wildlife Service
390:Learn how and when to remove this message
2256:Regional fishery management organisation
1396:
1369:
773:"James Smith (1789-1850) - Graces Guide"
725:Michigan Department of Natural Resources
615:
606:Fishcon lock on the river Alm in Austria
177:
108:
91:
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60:of all important aspects of the article.
3232:International scale of river difficulty
1633:Fish Ladders and Elevators not working.
1477:
883:
859:"2013 Connecticut River Migratory Fish"
14:
3871:
332:company Whooshh to safely move apples.
232:one. USA legislated fishways in 1888.
56:Please consider expanding the lead to
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2086:
1693:
1654:
1339:Cabonce, J.; Fernando, R.; Wang, H.;
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847:from the original on 26 January 2021.
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2139:United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement
1547:(2017) The University of Queensland.
1059:
351:
29:
2314:Future of Marine Animal Populations
2191:Fishery Resources Monitoring System
2181:Monitoring control and surveillance
1139:
787:Great Maritime Inventions 1833–1950
524:Bi-directional, seasonal ladder at
371:Please help improve the section by
24:
1539:(1997) US Army Corps of Engineers.
1276:10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0000697
702: – Annual migration of salmon
669: – Dam in Yorkville, Illinois
25:
3905:
2513:Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
2246:National Marine Fisheries Service
2241:European Fisheries Control Agency
1551:
804:LII / Legal Information Institute
744:
2159:
1905:
1722:Population dynamics of fisheries
1264:Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
1167:Kraft, Amy (February 20, 2013).
675: – Crowdsourced fish ladder
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381:Manual of Style on use of images
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3389:Flooded grasslands and savannas
2443:Aquaculture Stewardship Council
2299:Environmental impact of fishing
1644:, School of Civil Engineering,
1443:River Research and Applications
1114:
1078:
1053:
1027:
1001:
985:
951:River Research and Applications
935:
894:
182:Denil Fishway on Salmon Creek,
48:may be too short to adequately
2417:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
1777:Otolith microchemical analysis
1640:by Dr Hang Wang and Professor
877:
863:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
851:
833:
810:
792:
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58:provide an accessible overview
13:
1:
2412:European Environmental Agency
2402:Grey nurse shark conservation
2309:Destructive fishing practices
1807:Pop-up satellite archival tag
1510:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2019.105613
928:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.02.027
492:Detail of fish ladder on the
228:replaced the wood dam with a
81:Pool-and-weir fish ladder at
3555:Universal Soil Loss Equation
3505:Hydrological transport model
3399:Storm Water Management Model
2392:Marine conservation activism
1842:Climate change and fisheries
1529:General and cited references
1121:Mayrhofer, Bernhard (2024).
1085:Mayrhofer, Bernhard (2024).
753:. Harvard Law School Library
706:
285:Fish elevator (or fish lift)
7:
884:Aadland, Luther P. (2010).
655:
639:Culvert § Fish passage
632:
572:A small fish ladder on the
536:, California, United States
10:
3910:
3059:Antecedent drainage stream
2438:Marine Stewardship Council
2231:EU Common Fisheries Policy
1106:: CS1 maint: url-status (
998:, accessed 15 January 2022
636:
552:near the power station in
512:near Boston, United States
311:Vertical-slot fish passage
246:
173:
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3795:River valley civilization
3757:
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3678:Riparian-zone restoration
3578:
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2823:
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2592:Glossary of fishery terms
2587:Index of fishing articles
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2526:
2425:
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2304:Fishing down the food web
2279:Maximum sustainable yield
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2168:
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1914:
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1837:Match/mismatch hypothesis
1710:
1706:
1689:
1127:Wasserkraft & Energie
789:, Goose Lane, 2001, p. 45
476:Detail of fish ladder in
3858:Countries without rivers
3833:Rivers by discharge rate
3545:Runoff model (reservoir)
3510:Infiltration (hydrology)
2478:Save Our Seas Foundation
2211:Individual fishing quota
2186:Vessel monitoring system
1832:Hydrographic containment
1646:University of Queensland
721:"What is a Fish Ladder?"
242:
220:, United States, on the
160:as well as movements of
3889:Ecological connectivity
3530:River Continuum Concept
3295:Agricultural wastewater
2124:Exclusive economic zone
1802:GIS and aquatic science
1757:Standard weight in fish
206:Bathurst, New Brunswick
116:Fish Ladder Safety Sign
3884:Dams with fish ladders
3853:River name etymologies
3780:Hydraulic civilization
3638:Floodplain restoration
3414:Point source pollution
3189:Sedimentary structures
2353:Turtle excluder device
2026:Shoaling and schooling
1490:Ecological Engineering
1315:10.15142/T300628160828
1062:"Power from the Glens"
907:Ecological Engineering
625:
377:moving relevant images
186:
117:
106:
89:
3465:Discharge (hydrology)
3427:Industrial wastewater
2908:Sedimentary processes
2377:Marine protected area
2251:Regional fishery body
1877:Census of Marine Life
1772:Catch per unit effort
1370:Larinier, M. (2002).
694:Pitlochry fish ladder
637:Further information:
619:
181:
112:
104:
80:
3570:Volumetric flow rate
3154:Riffle-pool sequence
2216:Minimum landing size
2176:Fisheries management
2151:Magnuson–Stevens Act
2146:Fisheries Convention
1897:Fisheries scientists
1389:10.1051/kmae/2002097
1146:Yale Environment 360
747:"Tyler v. Wilkinson"
330:Bellevue, Washington
293:the barrier. On the
3744:Whitewater kayaking
3739:Whitewater canoeing
3540:Runoff curve number
3384:Flood pulse concept
2493:Defying Ocean's End
2397:Salmon conservation
2387:Marine conservation
2327:The End of the Line
2320:The Sunken Billions
2289:Sustainable seafood
2274:Sustainable fishery
1887:Fisheries databases
1817:Age class structure
1787:Fisheries acoustics
1626:The Washington Post
1577:Fish Passage Center
1502:2019EcEng.14105613C
1455:2018RivRA..34..244W
1173:Scientific American
1074:on 18 October 2007.
1060:Wood, Emma (2005).
1013:www.livescience.com
963:2017RivRA..33.1295Q
919:2017EcEng.102..291S
416:fish ladder on the
212:in Ireland to draw
3770:Aquatic toxicology
3683:Stream restoration
3648:Infiltration basin
3500:Hydrological model
3016:Sediment transport
2839:Estavelle/Inversac
2717:Subterranean river
2582:Outline of fishing
2201:Fisheries observer
1852:Aquatic ecosystems
1629:, January 31, 2007
1536:To Save the Salmon
1496:(105613): 105613.
1300:; Uys, W. (2016).
1015:. 13 November 2014
822:Diana Publishing,
745:Mason, William P.
667:Glen D. Palmer Dam
626:
574:River Otter, Devon
226:City of Providence
187:
124:, also known as a
118:
107:
90:
3866:
3865:
3843:Whitewater rivers
3749:Whitewater slalom
3580:River engineering
3480:Groundwater model
3441:River measurement
3369:Flood forecasting
3184:Sedimentary basin
3041:Fluvial landforms
2946:Bed material load
2722:River bifurcation
2608:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2564:Threatened sharks
2463:Ocean Conservancy
2448:Friend of the Sea
2078:
2077:
2074:
2073:
1986:Lobster fisheries
1931:Diversity of fish
1727:Shifting baseline
1696:Fisheries science
1356:978-1-74272-186-6
1325:978-1-884575-75-4
1248:978-0-7506-5978-9
1096:. pp. 44–46.
785:Mario Theriault,
510:Charles River Dam
400:
399:
392:
335:Borland Fish Lock
304:Rock-ramp fishway
295:Connecticut River
276:Alaskan Steeppass
102:
75:
74:
16:(Redirected from
3901:
3828:Rivers by length
3663:River morphology
3565:Wetted perimeter
3470:Drainage density
2981:Headward erosion
2810:Perennial stream
2682:Blackwater river
2635:
2628:
2621:
2612:
2611:
2544:Marine pollution
2348:Cetacean bycatch
2343:Incidental catch
2163:
2109:
2108:
2084:
2083:
2051:Humboldt current
1909:
1827:Trophic cascades
1767:Data storage tag
1752:Fish measurement
1747:Stock assessment
1708:
1707:
1691:
1690:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1652:
1651:
1522:
1521:
1487:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:10.1002/rra.3245
1440:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1317:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1208:
1199:
1198:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1129:. 3/2024: 29–39.
1118:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1097:
1094:Energetyka Wodna
1091:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1066:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1041:. 15 August 2019
1031:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1005:
999:
989:
983:
982:
971:10.1002/rra.3193
957:(8): 1295–1305.
948:
939:
933:
932:
930:
898:
892:
891:
881:
875:
874:
872:
870:
855:
849:
848:
841:"How fish climb"
837:
831:
814:
808:
807:
796:
790:
783:
777:
776:
769:
763:
762:
760:
758:
742:
736:
735:
733:
731:
717:
690:
603:
584:
569:
548:Fish ladder for
545:
530:Little Sur River
526:Camp Pico Blanco
521:
505:
489:
473:
457:
441:
429:
410:
395:
388:
384:
360:
359:
352:
156:fishes' natural
152:) to facilitate
103:
70:
67:
61:
38:
30:
21:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3894:Fish migrations
3879:Aquatic ecology
3869:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3838:Drainage basins
3819:
3753:
3692:
3668:Retention basin
3628:Erosion control
3623:Detention basin
3574:
3490:Hjulström curve
3442:
3436:
3408:
3352:Non-water flood
3309:
3281:
3227:Helicoidal flow
3213:
3114:Fluvial terrace
3109:Floating island
3035:
2910:
2902:
2893:Rhythmic spring
2827:
2819:
2800:Stream gradient
2741:
2727:River ecosystem
2692:Channel pattern
2660:
2652:
2639:
2609:
2596:
2573:
2569:Threatened rays
2549:Mercury in fish
2522:
2421:
2407:Shark sanctuary
2365:
2262:
2196:Catch reporting
2164:
2155:
2103:
2070:
1976:Krill fisheries
1941:Coral reef fish
1926:Ocean fisheries
1917:
1910:
1901:
1742:Condition index
1713:
1702:
1685:
1679:
1567:Richelieu River
1554:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1485:
1476:
1472:
1438:
1428:
1424:
1401:
1397:
1382:(18): 119–134.
1368:
1364:
1357:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1295:
1291:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1232:
1228:
1209:
1202:
1191:
1187:
1177:
1175:
1165:
1161:
1151:
1149:
1140:Waldman, John.
1138:
1134:
1119:
1115:
1099:
1098:
1089:
1083:
1079:
1071:
1064:
1058:
1054:
1044:
1042:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1018:
1016:
1007:
1006:
1002:
996:www.youtube.com
994:13 August 2014
990:
986:
946:
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936:
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878:
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857:
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852:
839:
838:
834:
815:
811:
798:
797:
793:
784:
780:
771:
770:
766:
756:
754:
743:
739:
729:
727:
719:
718:
714:
709:
688:
658:
641:
635:
614:
607:
604:
595:
585:
576:
570:
561:
546:
537:
522:
513:
506:
497:
490:
481:
474:
465:
462:North Vancouver
460:Fish ladder in
458:
449:
448:the Netherlands
444:Fish ladder in
442:
433:
430:
421:
420:, United States
411:
396:
385:
370:
361:
357:
251:
245:
176:
92:
71:
65:
62:
55:
43:This article's
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3907:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3729:Stone skipping
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3613:Drop structure
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3593:Balancing lake
3590:
3584:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3520:Playfair's law
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3475:Exner equation
3472:
3467:
3462:
3460:Bradshaw model
3457:
3452:
3446:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3418:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3347:Urban flooding
3339:
3334:
3332:Crevasse splay
3329:
3327:100-year flood
3323:
3321:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3291:
3289:
3287:Surface runoff
3283:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3267:Stream capture
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3223:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3179:Rock-cut basin
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3045:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3021:Suspended load
3018:
3013:
3011:Secondary flow
3008:
3003:
3001:Retrogradation
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2966:Dissolved load
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2917:
2915:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2898:Spring horizon
2895:
2890:
2885:
2883:Mineral spring
2880:
2879:
2878:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2864:list in the US
2861:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2835:
2833:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2790:Stream channel
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2751:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2712:Drainage basin
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2672:Alluvial river
2668:
2666:
2654:
2653:
2638:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2615:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2539:Fish slaughter
2536:
2530:
2528:
2527:Related issues
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2468:Ocean Outcomes
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2382:Marine reserve
2379:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2268:
2267:Sustainability
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2115:
2113:
2105:
2104:
2097:sustainability
2080:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2031:Marine habitat
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1991:Shrimp fishery
1988:
1983:
1981:Kelp fisheries
1978:
1973:
1968:
1966:Crab fisheries
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1922:
1920:
1912:
1911:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1847:Marine biology
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1797:Coded wire tag
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1737:Fish mortality
1734:
1729:
1724:
1718:
1716:
1704:
1703:
1700:wild fisheries
1687:
1686:
1684:science topics
1678:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1642:Hubert Chanson
1635:
1630:
1618:
1579:
1574:
1560:
1553:
1552:External links
1550:
1549:
1548:
1540:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1470:
1449:(3): 244–252.
1422:
1395:
1362:
1355:
1331:
1324:
1289:
1270:(4): 424–432.
1254:
1247:
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1200:
1185:
1159:
1132:
1113:
1077:
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1026:
1000:
984:
934:
893:
876:
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832:
809:
791:
778:
764:
737:
711:
710:
708:
705:
704:
703:
697:
691:
682:
679:Fish migration
676:
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484:
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431:
424:
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418:Columbia River
412:
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401:
398:
397:
364:
362:
355:
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344:
336:
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326:
323:
319:
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309:
305:
302:
286:
283:
266:
265:Baffle fishway
263:
255:
249:fish migration
244:
241:
237:Industrial Age
222:Pawtuxet Falls
175:
172:
87:Columbia River
83:Bonneville Dam
73:
72:
52:the key points
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3906:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3822:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3810:Surface water
3808:
3806:
3805:Sacred waters
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3790:Riparian zone
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3775:Body of water
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3724:Riverboarding
3722:
3720:
3719:River surfing
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3684:
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3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3443:and modelling
3439:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3404:Return period
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3364:Flood control
3362:
3360:
3359:Flood barrier
3357:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2991:Palaeochannel
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2951:Granular flow
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
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2909:
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2834:
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2813:
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2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
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2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2697:Channel types
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2677:Braided river
2675:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2631:
2629:
2624:
2622:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2559:Shark finning
2557:
2555:
2554:Shark culling
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2483:Sea Around Us
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2458:Seafood Watch
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2360:
2359:Shrimp-Turtle
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
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2292:
2290:
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2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2221:Pulse fishing
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2119:Fisheries law
2117:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2089:Fisheries law
2085:
2081:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1971:Eel fisheries
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1961:Cod fisheries
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1946:Demersal fish
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1913:
1908:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
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1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1822:Trophic level
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
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1780:
1778:
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1770:
1768:
1765:
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1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
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1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
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1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1664:
1662:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1603:3-89554-027-7
1600:
1597:
1596:92-5-104894-0
1593:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1437:
1433:
1426:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1399:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1366:
1358:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1335:
1327:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1258:
1250:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1205:
1196:
1189:
1174:
1170:
1163:
1147:
1143:
1136:
1128:
1124:
1117:
1109:
1103:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1040:
1036:
1030:
1014:
1010:
1004:
997:
993:
988:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
945:
938:
929:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
897:
889:
888:
880:
864:
860:
854:
846:
842:
836:
829:
828:1-4289-2016-1
825:
821:
820:
813:
805:
801:
795:
788:
782:
774:
768:
752:
751:Open Casebook
748:
741:
726:
722:
716:
712:
701:
698:
695:
692:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
673:Fish doorbell
671:
668:
665:
663:
660:
659:
653:
649:
646:
640:
630:
623:
618:
612:Effectiveness
602:
597:
594:
590:
583:
578:
575:
568:
563:
559:
555:
551:
544:
539:
535:
531:
527:
520:
515:
511:
504:
499:
495:
488:
483:
479:
472:
467:
463:
456:
451:
447:
440:
435:
432:Fish elevator
428:
423:
419:
415:
409:
404:
403:
394:
391:
382:
378:
374:
368:
365:This section
363:
354:
353:
348:
345:
342:
337:
334:
331:
327:
324:
320:
317:
313:
310:
306:
303:
300:
296:
291:
287:
284:
281:
277:
272:
267:
264:
261:
256:
254:Pool and weir
253:
252:
250:
240:
238:
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
202:
199:
194:
190:
185:
180:
171:
169:
168:
163:
162:potamodromous
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
115:
111:
88:
84:
79:
69:
59:
53:
51:
46:
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3848:Flash floods
3800:River cruise
3697:River sports
3632:
3550:Stream gauge
3535:Rouse number
3525:Relief ratio
3374:Flood-meadow
3305:Urban runoff
3219:Fluvial flow
3204:River valley
3174:River island
3139:Meander scar
3054:Alluvial fan
2996:Progradation
2871:Karst spring
2815:Winterbourne
2770:Chalk stream
2732:River source
2707:Distributary
2370:Conservation
2358:
2325:
2318:
2101:conservation
2056:Algal blooms
2041:Water column
2000:
1956:Pelagic fish
1936:Coastal fish
1882:OSTM/Jason-2
1857:Bioeconomics
1792:Acoustic tag
1762:Fish counter
1624:
1607:Zip download
1581:
1543:
1535:
1493:
1489:
1473:
1446:
1442:
1425:
1419:: 2586–2595.
1416:
1412:
1398:
1379:
1375:
1365:
1345:
1334:
1305:
1292:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1238:
1229:
1220:
1194:
1188:
1176:. Retrieved
1172:
1162:
1150:. Retrieved
1145:
1135:
1126:
1116:
1093:
1080:
1069:the original
1055:
1043:. Retrieved
1039:The Guardian
1038:
1029:
1017:. Retrieved
1012:
1003:
995:
987:
954:
950:
937:
910:
906:
896:
886:
879:
867:. Retrieved
862:
853:
835:
818:
812:
803:
794:
786:
781:
767:
755:. Retrieved
750:
740:
728:. Retrieved
723:. Michigan:
715:
650:
642:
627:
414:John Day Dam
386:
366:
341:River Beauly
275:
234:
218:Rhode Island
210:County Sligo
203:
195:
191:
188:
165:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
119:
63:
47:
45:lead section
3709:Fly fishing
3633:Fish ladder
3618:Daylighting
3337:Flash flood
3300:First flush
3247:Plunge pool
2971:Downcutting
2956:Debris flow
2931:Aggradation
2805:Stream pool
2294:Overfishing
2206:Catch share
2036:Marine snow
2021:Sardine run
2006:Fish screen
2001:Fish ladder
1951:Forage fish
1479:Chanson, H.
1432:Chanson, H.
1405:Chanson, H.
1341:Chanson, H.
1308:: 295–304.
1298:Chanson, H.
1235:Chanson, H.
1213:Chanson, H.
913:: 291–302.
869:October 25,
685:Fish screen
496:in England.
446:Meuse River
325:Fish cannon
318:Fish siphon
299:Holyoke Dam
271:switchbacks
269:built with
196:A pool and
138:fish cannon
122:fish ladder
3873:Categories
3815:Wild river
3495:Hydrograph
3485:Hack's law
3450:Baer's law
3394:Inundation
3379:Floodplain
3319:stormwater
3277:Whitewater
3149:Oxbow lake
2986:Knickpoint
2961:Deposition
2854:Hot spring
2795:Streamflow
2785:Stream bed
2702:Confluence
2518:Greenpeace
2226:Slot limit
2169:Management
2093:management
2061:Dead zones
2016:Salmon run
1996:Eel ladder
1892:Institutes
1732:Fish stock
1430:Wang, H.;
1403:Wang, H.;
1211:Wang, H.;
1045:16 January
1019:16 January
700:Salmon run
662:Elver pass
494:River Dart
247:See also:
154:diadromous
150:waterfalls
134:fish steps
66:April 2024
3785:Limnology
3734:Triathlon
3704:Canyoning
3673:Revetment
3603:Check dam
3515:Main stem
3272:Waterfall
3159:Point bar
3144:Mouth bar
3084:Billabong
3031:Water gap
3026:Wash load
3006:Saltation
2926:Anabranch
2849:Holy well
2737:Tributary
2488:WorldFish
2453:SeaChoice
2066:Fish kill
2046:Upwelling
2011:Migration
1918:fisheries
1712:Fisheries
1518:207901913
1284:0733-9429
1102:cite news
979:134135405
757:30 August
707:Citations
622:Akerselva
554:GullspĂĄng
346:Fish Lock
158:migration
130:fish pass
50:summarize
18:Fish lift
3588:Aqueduct
3455:Baseflow
3422:Effluent
3099:Cut bank
3064:Avulsion
2941:Bed load
2921:Abrasion
2498:HERMIONE
2426:Advocacy
2338:Discards
1872:FishBase
1862:EconMult
1812:EcoSCOPE
1611:FTP area
1481:(2019).
1434:(2018).
1407:(2017).
1343:(2017).
1237:(2004).
1215:(2017).
1197:: 1–550.
1178:18 March
1152:18 March
845:Archived
730:27 April
656:See also
645:culverts
633:Culverts
624:, Norway
480:, Sweden
464:, Canada
322:defence.
308:habitat.
290:elevator
230:concrete
3765:Aquifer
3758:Related
3714:Rafting
3242:Meander
3237:Log jam
3199:Thalweg
3104:Estuary
2976:Erosion
2913:erosion
2825:Springs
2780:Current
2747:Streams
2687:Channel
2650:springs
2646:streams
2534:CalCOFI
2503:PROFISH
2433:FishAct
2333:Bycatch
1867:Ecopath
1782:Biomass
1714:science
1682:Fishery
1613:of the
1498:Bibcode
1451:Bibcode
1223:: 1–43.
959:Bibcode
915:Bibcode
593:Koblenz
534:Big Sur
528:on the
508:At the
478:Uppsala
235:As the
184:Montana
174:History
126:fishway
85:on the
3560:WAFLEX
3432:Sewage
3315:Floods
3257:Riffle
3252:Rapids
3194:Strath
3164:Ravine
3089:Canyon
2844:Geyser
2775:Coulee
2760:Bourne
2755:Arroyo
2658:Rivers
2642:Rivers
2473:Oceana
2236:EU MLS
1601:
1594:
1571:Québec
1516:
1353:
1322:
1282:
1245:
977:
826:
558:Sweden
550:salmon
375:or by
280:Nelson
214:salmon
167:ladder
3658:Levee
3643:Flume
3598:Canal
3342:Flood
3262:Shoal
3129:Gully
3124:Gulch
3094:Chine
3079:Bayou
2936:Armor
2888:Ponor
2663:lists
1609:from
1514:S2CID
1486:(PDF)
1439:(PDF)
1090:(PDF)
1072:(PDF)
1065:(PDF)
975:S2CID
947:(PDF)
589:Mosel
243:Types
146:locks
136:, or
3688:Weir
3653:Leat
3317:and
3209:Wadi
3169:Rill
3134:Glen
3119:Gill
3069:Bank
2911:and
2876:list
2859:list
2830:list
2765:Burn
2648:and
2361:case
2099:and
1916:Wild
1698:and
1599:ISBN
1592:ISBN
1351:ISBN
1320:ISBN
1280:ISSN
1243:ISBN
1180:2016
1154:2016
1108:link
1047:2022
1021:2022
871:2016
824:ISBN
759:2023
732:2012
260:lock
198:weir
148:and
142:dams
114:FERC
3608:Dam
3074:Bar
3049:Ait
2112:Law
1615:FAO
1506:doi
1494:141
1459:doi
1384:doi
1380:364
1310:doi
1272:doi
1268:139
967:doi
923:doi
911:102
591:at
532:in
3875::
2644:,
2095:,
2091:,
1586:,
1569:,
1512:.
1504:.
1492:.
1488:.
1457:.
1447:34
1445:.
1441:.
1415:.
1411:.
1378:.
1374:.
1318:.
1304:.
1278:.
1266:.
1219:.
1203:^
1171:.
1144:.
1125:.
1104:}}
1100:{{
1092:.
1037:.
1011:.
973:.
965:.
955:33
953:.
949:.
921:.
909:.
905:.
861:.
802:.
749:.
556:,
144:,
132:,
128:,
120:A
2832:)
2828:(
2665:)
2661:(
2634:e
2627:t
2620:v
1674:e
1667:t
1660:v
1623:—
1605:(
1573:)
1565:(
1520:.
1508::
1500::
1467:.
1461::
1453::
1417:3
1392:.
1386::
1359:.
1328:.
1312::
1286:.
1274::
1251:.
1182:.
1156:.
1110:)
1049:.
1023:.
981:.
969::
961::
931:.
925::
917::
873:.
830:.
806:.
775:.
761:.
734:.
560:.
393:)
387:(
383:.
369:.
343:.
68:)
64:(
54:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
