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The first built-in locks often were of a simple screw-type, but soon developed into the "Darby" type. In Europe these continued to be used into the middle of the 20th century, whereas in the U.S. from the late 19th century onwards many new designs were invented and produced before handcuffs and leg
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One type of shackle, called an "Oregon Boot" or "Gardner
Shackle", was patented in 1866 by the warden of the Oregon State Penitentiary, J. C. Gardner. The shackle consisted of an iron band supported by braces which went down and under the prisoner's foot. The shackle's weight
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A variety of restraint types already existed in Roman times. Some early versions of cup lock shackles existed at this time. These were widely used in medieval times, but their use declined when mass production made the manufacture of locks built into restraints affordable.
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In comparison to handcuffs, the wearing of leg irons may be found less restrictive. Thus, the prison authorities in several countries deem their long-term use acceptable. To avoid condoning this controversial practice, the countries of the
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The earliest fetters found in archaeological excavations date from the prehistoric age and are mostly of the puzzle lock type. Fetters are also referenced in ancient times in the Bible (
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Simple fetter types continue to be used, like puzzle lock shackles as the typical slave iron, or irons riveted shut for prisoners being transported to overseas prison camps.
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have banned exporting leg irons into non-EU countries. The countries that continue to make prisoners wear fetters long-term now tend to manufacture their own restraints.
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the prisoner's movements to prevent escape, and long-term use would cause severe injury to the wearer. Use of this type of shackle was ended by the mid-20th century.
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of a person to allow walking only with a restricted stride and to prevent running and effective physical resistance. Frequently used alternative terms are
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Heavy legcuffs from China, including a metal plate to protect the keyhole from collecting dust or being tampered with
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concerning trade in certain goods which could be used for capital punishment, torture or other
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This article is about physical fetters used as restraints. For other uses, see
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295:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 296.
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338:"DOC Operations Division: Prison A Brief History of the Oregon Boot"
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irons of the
Peerless type became the standard several decades ago.
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88:. The term "fetter" shares a root with the word "foot".
37:"In irons" redirects here. For the sailing term, see
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267:"Select Your Library - Credo Reference"
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386:Official Journal of the European Union
382:"Council Regulation (EC) No 1236/2005"
186:Cup lock shackle with no built-in lock
27:Physical restraints used on the ankles
392:cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment
198:Standard type legcuffs made in Taiwan
121:Wooden legcuff at a museum, Sri Lanka
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99:. Leg shackles also are used for
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362:Steve Wright (March 13, 2003).
91:Shackles are typically used on
39:Point of sail § No-go zone
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364:"Civilising the torture trade"
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286:"Fetters and Handcuffs"
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314:. Gale group. Archived from
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388:. EUR-Lex. June 27, 2005.
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413:Law enforcement equipment
308:"Back on the Chain Gang"
292:Encyclopædia Britannica
103:to keep them together.
32:Fetter (disambiguation)
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53:street sweepers, 1909
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74:(leg/ankle) shackles
306:Reynolds, Marylee.
62:physical restraints
418:Physical restraint
232:Electronic tagging
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312:Corrections Today
160:Controversial use
16:(Redirected from
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342:www.oregon.gov
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345:. Retrieved
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64:used on the
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135:Psalm 149:8
101:chain gangs
407:Categories
322:October 1,
253:References
247:Thumbcuffs
51:Chain gang
237:Handcuffs
131:Job 36:13
93:prisoners
86:leg irons
78:footcuffs
70:leg cuffs
216:See also
58:Legcuffs
227:Bilboes
173:Gallery
154:hobbled
113:History
82:fetters
18:Fetters
97:slaves
66:ankles
423:Foot
349:2017
324:2013
95:and
60:are
84:or
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