851:
1564:
970:
1196:
1725:
651:
7235:
4350:
1606:
729:
1474:
556:
3327:
36:
678:
7242:
104:
1704:
1538:
663:
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958:
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1683:
1135:
1649:
1104:, who thereupon displaced her uncle, Carlos, in the line of succession. After Ferdinand's death, Carlos revolted and said he was the legitimate king. Needing support, Maria Christina, as regent for her daughter, turned to the liberals. She issued a decree of amnesty on 23 October 1833. Liberals who had been in exile returned and dominated Spanish politics for decades, leading to the
835:, and thus began his procession towards Madrid. During this process and in the following months, he was encouraged by conservatives and the Church hierarchy to reject the constitution. On 4 May he ordered its abolition, and on 10 May had the liberal leaders responsible for the constitution arrested. Ferdinand justified his actions by claiming that the constitution had been made by a
938:
with Spain. However, Ferdinand, refusing to recognize
Mexican independence or be bound by a constitution, decreed that the Mexican constitution was "void", declined the Mexican crown, and stated that no European prince could accede to the Mexican throne. The imperial crown was consequently given to
786:
reversed itself and declared null and void the abdications of
Bayonne on 11 August 1808. On 24 August, Ferdinand VII was proclaimed king of Spain again, and negotiations between the council and the provincial juntas for the establishment of a Supreme Central Junta were completed. On 14 January 1809
2878:
Der
Elephanten-Orden und seine Ritter: eine historische Abhandlung ĂŒber die ersten Spuren dieses Ordens und dessen fernere Entwicklung bis zu seiner gegenwĂ€rtigen Gestalt, und nĂ€chstdem ein Material zur Personalhistorie, nach den Quellen des Königlichen Geheimen-Staatsarchivs und des Königlichen
1032:
upon his return, but now they had become identified with repression and absolutism among the liberals, who attacked them: twenty-five
Jesuits were slain in Madrid in 1822. For the rest of the 19th century, liberal political regimes expelled the Jesuits, and authoritarian regimes reinstated them.
883:
in 1814, "himself enters the houses of his prime ministers, arrests them, and hands them over to their cruel enemies;" and again, on 14 January 1815, "the king has so debased himself that he has become no more than the leading police agent and prison warden of his country."
606:
overthrew him; he linked his monarchy to counter-revolution and reactionary policies that produced a deep rift in Spain between his forces on the right and liberals on the left. Back in power in
December 1813, he re-established the absolutist monarchy and rejected the
498:
Fernando
Francisco de Paula Domingo Vincente Ferrer Antonio JosĂ© JoaquĂn Pascual Diego Juan Nepomuceno Januario Francisco Javier Rafael Miguel Gabriel Calisto Cayetano Fausto Luis Raimundo Gregorio Lorenzo JerĂłnimo de BorbĂłn y
750:
Charles IV abdicated in March 1808. Ferdinand ascended the throne and turned to
Napoleon for support. He abdicated on 6 May 1808, and thereafter Napoleon kept Ferdinand under guard in France for six years at the
1120:
wrote that
Ferdinand was "in many ways the basest king in Spanish history. Cowardly, selfish, grasping, suspicious, and vengeful, D. Fernando seemed almost incapable of any perception of the commonwealth."
934:. The imperial constitution contemplated that the monarch would be "a Spanish prince," and Iturbide and O'DonojĂș intended to offer the Mexican Imperial Crown to Ferdinand VII himself to rule Mexico in
1073:) saw the restoration of absolutism, the re-establishment of traditional university programs and the suppression of any opposition, both by the Liberal Party and by the reactionary revolt (known as "
7787:
7782:
818:. Ferdinand soon found that in the intervening years a new world had been born of foreign invasion and domestic revolution. In his name Spain fought for its independence and in his name as well
2725:
217:
828:. Before being allowed onto Spanish soil, Ferdinand had to guarantee the liberals that he would govern on the basis of the constitution, but only gave lukewarm indications he would do so.
708:. In his youth Ferdinand occupied the position of an heir apparent who was excluded from any participation in government by his parents and their favourite advisor and Prime Minister,
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illegally assembled in his absence, without his consent and without the traditional form. (It had met as a unicameral body, instead of in three chambers representing the
7607:
1200:
806:
Five years later after experiencing serious setbacks on many fronts, Napoleon agreed on 11 December 1813 to acknowledge
Ferdinand VII as king of Spain, and signed the
7367:
7323:
3002:
4405:, under whom the crowns of Castile and Aragon were united, forming the Kingdom of Spain. Previously, the title Infante had been largely used in the different realms.
7842:
7752:
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824:
had governed
Spanish America. Spain was no longer the absolute monarchy he had relinquished six years earlier. Instead he was now asked to rule under the liberal
7519:
2297:
Francisco Balagtas and the Roots of Filipino Nationalism: Life and Times of the Great Filipino Poet and His Legacy of Literary Excellence and Political Activism
196:
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of his favorites, although his government seemed unstable. Whimsical and ferocious by turns, he changed his ministers every few months. "The king," wrote
7812:
7548:
642:
upon his death. His political legacy has remained contested since his death; some historians regard him as incompetent, despotic, and short-sighted.
843:: the clergy, the nobility and the cities.) Ferdinand initially promised to convene a traditional Cortes, but never did so, thereby reasserting the
7792:
7553:
7342:
6828:
627:, restoring him to absolute power for the second time. He suppressed the liberal press from 1814 to 1833, jailing many of its editors and writers.
7524:
2734:
2617:
7802:
7189:
7152:
7125:
129:
7832:
7822:
7757:
2941:
Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans
1430:
477:
7612:
7426:
4312:
7289:
4028:
1514:
7817:
7485:
7480:
1069:
During his last years, Ferdinand's political appointments became more stable. The last ten years of his reign (sometimes referred to as the
7308:
6823:
3479:
850:
7387:
7357:
712:. National discontent with the government produced a rebellion in 1805. In October 1807, Ferdinand was arrested for his complicity in the
7847:
7661:
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5140:
4814:
4383:
4320:
4104:
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1632:
1219:
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7259:
3007:
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made known his protest against Ferdinand's actions by refusing the Spanish decorations Ferdinand offered him for his military services.
801:
7777:
4655:
5068:
4706:
7495:
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4948:
4752:
579:
during the early 19th century. He reigned briefly in 1808 and then again from 1813 to his death in 1833. Before 1813 he was known as
760:
7857:
7827:
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6733:
892:
863:
7500:
7490:
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6753:
5130:
4558:
4469:
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3326:
989:, or military uprisings, during the king's second reign. The first came in in September 1814, three months after the end of the
7707:
7436:
2471:
7313:
7284:
2382:
7737:
7646:
6953:
6853:
6773:
4773:
4696:
4495:
4474:
4296:
4216:
4136:
4120:
1741:
1096:, again allowing daughters to succeed to the Spanish throne as well as sons. This decree had originally been approved by the
859:
631:
17:
685:
6658:
4304:
4280:
1040:
624:
2497:
7578:
7182:
6748:
5190:
4650:
4500:
4224:
3564:
1542:
1381:
1275:
814:) for causing the Napoleonic occupation and the Peninsular War by allying Spain too closely to France, at first welcomed
555:
432:
6386:
4839:
1063:
7029:
5630:
5048:
4737:
3554:
2946:
Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living
2804:[Chronological list of knights of the Order of the Holy Spirit from its origin to its extinction (1578â1830)].
2784:
770:
as king of Spain, the Spanish people did not. Uprisings broke out throughout the country, marking the beginning of the
333:
4686:
3511:
1100:
in 1789, but it had never been officially promulgated. On 10 October 1830, Ferdinand's wife gave birth to a daughter,
7747:
7727:
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6906:
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6896:
6768:
6743:
6371:
5200:
4834:
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4742:
4619:
4144:
4056:
4021:
3544:
2802:"Liste chronologique des chevaliers de l'ordre du Saint-Esprit depuis son origine jusqu'Ă son extinction (1578â1830)"
2589:
2305:
2278:
1713:
1504:
1182:
1028:, beginning with a mutiny of the troops under Riego. The king was quickly taken prisoner. Ferdinand had restored the
969:
79:
57:
1164:
231:
50:
7656:
7568:
7392:
6958:
6813:
6793:
5302:
4865:
4824:
4732:
4701:
4614:
4594:
3472:
203:
171:
6818:
5073:
7264:
7034:
6863:
6738:
6094:
5499:
4604:
4376:
4072:
3258:
2733:(in Portuguese), Ajuda National Palace, Lisbon: Portuguese Commission on Discoveries, p. 232, archived from
1223:
2704:
2675:
2646:
766:
While the upper echelons of the Spanish government accepted his abdication and Napoleon's choice of his brother
7742:
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2455:
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2268:
1524:
1268:
1160:
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399:
304:
7617:
7140:
3099:
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7717:
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5761:
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4080:
3907:
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3343:
3287:
2899:
1669:
1588:
1283:
6708:
6441:
6340:
6008:
2173:
1051:, and of reconciling that fine kingdom with Europe." In May 1823 the revolutionary party moved Ferdinand to
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7120:
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6033:
5781:
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5408:
5120:
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4336:
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1455:
1260:
1025:
915:
825:
740:
608:
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3539:
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7441:
6159:
5861:
5595:
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5544:
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5261:
4976:
4778:
3465:
1730:
911:
224:
5473:
1195:
7105:
6916:
6798:
6532:
5937:
5821:
5524:
5256:
5078:
5004:
4990:
4969:
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4624:
4433:
4369:
4176:
3988:
3488:
3251:
1484:
1093:
1037:
888:
109:
7421:
6838:
6663:
6230:
962:
810:
so that the king could return to Spain. The Spanish people, blaming the policies of the Francophiles (
189:
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1227:
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6255:
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records that the choice of Valençay was a practical joke by Napoleon on his former foreign minister
210:
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1279:
1149:
7019:
6305:
6270:
5357:
2668:"Caballeros Grandes Cruces Existentes en la Real y Distinguida Orden Española de Carlos Tercero"
1116:
Ferdinand VII's reign is typically criticized by historians, even in his own country. Historian
870:â carrying tax revenues from the Spanish Empire â were interrupted. Spain was all but bankrupt.
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2801:
2626:(Online version of art exhibition catalogue). About: Patronage: Maria Josepha Amalia of Saxony.
1929:
1903:
1478:
994:
940:
887:
The king did recognize the efforts of foreign powers on his behalf. As the head of the Spanish
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728:
713:
61:
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Les Grand'Croix de la Légion d'honneur de 1805 à nos jours. Titulaires français et étrangers
2579:
862:
had broken out in the Americas, and although many of the republican rebels were divided and
807:
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2499:
Who Should Rule?: Men of Arms, the Republic of Letters, and the Fall of the Spanish Empire
2205:
998:
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8:
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1867:
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880:
693:
524:
284:
149:
7671:
6310:
5605:
5600:
5448:
2876:
1286:, who was also the brother of Ferdinand's first wife. They had two surviving daughters,
923:
854:
Francisco Goya â Portrait of Ferdinand VII of Spain in his robes of state (1815) â Prado
779:
677:
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3810:
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3675:
3665:
3627:
3609:
3492:
3358:
3348:
3220:
3081:
2697:"Caballeros Grandes Cruces Existentes en la Real Orden Americana de Isabel la Catolica"
2147:
1610:
1414:
1238:
1048:
1044:
783:
747:
655:
620:
599:
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2332:
Year: 1808â1825; Weight: 27,02 gram; Composition: Silver â 89,6%; Diameter: 38,5 mm â
2320:
Year: 1808â1811; Weight: 27,02 gram; Composition: Silver â 90,3%; Diameter: 38,5 mm â
7456:
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3426:
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3381:
3312:
3274:
3064:
Woodward, Margaret L. (1968). "The Spanish Army and the Loss of America, 1810â1824".
2780:
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2301:
2274:
2084:
2025:
1841:
1783:
1264:
1055:, where he continued to make promises of constitutional amendment until he was free.
778:
were established to control regions in opposition to the new French king. After the
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2948:] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. pp. 9, 96.
2915:
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1709:
1018:
985:
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952:
616:
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2829:(1851), "Von Seiner MajestÀt dem Könige Friedrich Wilhelm III. ernannte Ritter"
662:
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6285:
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1006:
990:
935:
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771:
5195:
2270:
Royal Splendor in the Enlightenment: Charles IV of Spain, Patron and Collector
1215:, and the third died of "a fever". His fourth wife outlived him by 45 years.
716:
in which the rebels aimed at securing foreign support from the French Emperor
7686:
6623:
5327:
5185:
5115:
4855:
3755:
3441:
3055:
3039:"Moderados and Exaltados: The Liberal Opposition to Ferdinand VII, 1814â1823"
3038:
3011:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 267â268.
2998:
2993:
595:
124:
1252:. They had a daughter who lived only five months, and a stillborn daughter.
819:
5175:
5011:
3956:
3436:
3396:
3017:
2827:
Liste der Ritter des Königlich PreuĂischen Hohen Ordens vom Schwarzen Adler
2764:(in Portuguese), Encontro Europeu de AssociaçÔes de FalerĂstica, p. 26
2378:
1208:
1105:
1047:, for the sake of preserving the throne of Spain to a fellow descendant of
1002:
939:
Iturbide himself, but the Mexican Empire collapsed and was replaced by the
896:
756:
709:
736:
720:. When the conspiracy was discovered, Ferdinand submitted to his parents.
6963:
6933:
6921:
6878:
6633:
4727:
4288:
4272:
3976:
3859:
3431:
3421:
2558:
1449:
1409:
1369:
1349:
1231:
957:
763:, the owner of the chĂąteau, for his lack of interest in Spanish affairs.
701:
681:
666:
591:
473:
315:
280:
264:
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904:
163:
3457:
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4328:
3854:
3844:
3446:
1081:
875:
670:
4361:
3243:
3077:
1134:
787:
the British government acknowledged Ferdinand VII as king of Spain.
6613:
3849:
2759:
717:
603:
4926:
2992:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2896:
1052:
4392:
2874:
1688:
1444:
509:
7788:
Grand Crosses of the Royal and Military Order of San Hermenegild
7783:
Grand Masters of the Royal and Military Order of San Hermenegild
2618:"Italian Masterpieces from Spain's Royal Court, Museo del Prado"
2581:
Divided Kingdom: The Spanish Monarchy from Isabel to Juan Carlos
2472:"ÂżPor quĂ© firmaron Iturbide y O'DonojĂș los Tratados de CĂłrdoba?"
3796:
3778:
1555:
1437:
1397:
1364:
1344:
1337:
1256:
832:
705:
300:
2639:"Caballeros Existentes en la Insignie Orden del Toison de Oro"
1259:, Ferdinand married the daughter of his father's first cousin
930:, which concluded the war of independence and established the
847:
doctrine that sovereign authority resided in his person only.
831:
On 24 March the French handed him over to the Spanish Army in
1404:
2516:
2514:
2512:
7773:
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
2564:
The Cambridge History of British Foreign Policy 1783â1919
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2341:
1274:
Lastly, on 27 May 1829, Ferdinand married another niece,
1207:
Ferdinand VII married four times. His first wife died of
802:
History of Spain (1810â1873) § Reaction (1814â1820)
2848:. Vol. I. London: Sherratt and Hughes. p. 51.
2806:
Annuaire-bulletin de la Société de l'Histoire de France
2526:
2509:
1374:
Stillborn; Maria Isabel died as a result of her birth.
598:
to the Spanish throne in his youth. Following the 1808
7853:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint James of the Sword
7838:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
4916:
consort to an Infanta naturalized as a Spanish Infante
4036:
2864:. l'Académie Imp. des Sciences. 1817. pp. 62, 76.
2391:
2338:
7197:
1230:. Her two pregnancies in 1804 and 1805 both ended in
1001:
revolted at La Coruña in the following year. General
873:
Ferdinand's restored autocracy was guided by a small
782:
proved that the Spanish could resist the French, the
615:
forced him to restore the constitution, starting the
2538:
2415:
7763:
Grand Masters of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
2387:. Vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 56.
1036:In the spring of 1823, the restored Bourbon French
619:, a three-year period of liberal rule. In 1823 the
2577:
1005:led an uprising in Barcelona in 1817, and General
2882:. Gedruckt in der Berlingschen Officin. pp.
2334:https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces26230.html
2322:https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces11524.html
7684:
2701:Calendario Manual y GuĂa de Forasteros en Madrid
2672:Calendario Manual y GuĂa de Forasteros en Madrid
2643:Calendario Manual y GuĂa de Forasteros en Madrid
1623:
7843:Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal)
7753:Grand masters of the Order of the Golden Fleece
7733:Burials in the Pantheon of Kings at El Escorial
7126:England expects that every man will do his duty
1062:and the fall of CĂĄdiz, reprisals followed. The
2779:. Paris: Archives & Culture. p. 446.
1087:
478:Infanta Luisa Fernanda, Duchess of Montpensier
7768:Collars of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
7183:
4942:
4377:
4022:
3473:
3259:
2761:A Banda de GrĂŁ-Cruz das TrĂȘs Ordens Militares
723:
1278:(1806â1878), daughter of his younger sister
2868:
1220:Princess Maria Antonia of Naples and Sicily
1163:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1024:In 1820 a revolt broke out in favor of the
688:with a portrait of King Fernando VII, 1823
575:; 14 October 1784 â 29 September 1833) was
7190:
7176:
4949:
4935:
4384:
4370:
4029:
4015:
3480:
3466:
3266:
3252:
3036:
2875:Johann Heinrich Friedrich Berlien (1846).
2861:Almanach de la cour: pour l'année ... 1817
2723:
2717:
2567:(reprint ed.). CUP. pp. 186â187.
1244:(1797â1818), daughter of his older sister
1009:did the same in Valencia in 1818. In 1820
692:Ferdinand was the eldest surviving son of
673:with a portrait of King Fernando VII, 1810
102:
4753:Infante Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime
4656:Infante Pedro Carlos, Infante of Portugal
3054:
2556:
1183:Learn how and when to remove this message
1092:In May 1830, Ferdinand VII published the
382:
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
7667:Francisco Novella Azabal PĂ©rez y Sicardo
4697:Francisco de AsĂs, King Consort of Spain
3063:
2997:
2757:
2520:
2490:
2353:
1194:
968:
956:
866:sentiment was strong in many areas, the
849:
735:
727:
676:
661:
649:
448:
386:
43:This article includes a list of general
7813:Grand masters of the Order of AlcĂĄntara
7793:Grand masters of the Order of Calatrava
3487:
3066:The Hispanic American Historical Review
2584:. History Press Limited. pp. 6â9.
2293:
415:
349:
14:
7803:Grand masters of the Order of Santiago
7685:
5272:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom
4774:Infante Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
4707:Infante SebastiĂĄn, Infante of Portugal
4401:The generations indicate descent from
2973:
2799:
2694:
2665:
2636:
2544:
2532:
2445:
2421:
2397:
2127:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1883:
1773:
1769:
1742:Grand Cross of St. Ferdinand and Merit
700:. Ferdinand was born in the palace of
7833:Extra Knights Companion of the Garter
7823:Grand masters of the Order of Montesa
7758:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
7647:Francisco Javier de Lizana y Beaumont
7491:Juan Antonio de VizarrĂłn y Eguiarreta
7171:
6954:Spanish American wars of independence
4930:
4391:
4365:
4010:
3461:
3273:
3247:
3015:
2604:
2203:
2193:
2189:
2177:
2171:
2161:
2145:
2135:
2131:
2115:
2109:
2099:
2082:
2072:
2068:
2056:
2050:
2040:
2023:
2013:
2009:
1985:
1975:
1959:
1949:
1945:
1933:
1927:
1917:
1901:
1891:
1887:
1871:
1865:
1855:
1839:
1829:
1825:
1813:
1807:
1797:
1781:
1777:
1218:In 1802, he married his first cousin
4677:Infante Antonio, Duke of Montpensier
2962:
2841:
2774:
2433:
2409:
2377:
2365:
2300:. Trademark Publishing Corporation.
1290:succeeded Ferdinand upon his death.
1199:Ferdinand VII and MarĂa Cristina by
1161:adding citations to reliable sources
1128:
961:Equestrian portrait of Ferdinand by
602:, he ascended the throne. That year
246:11 December 1813 â 29 September 1833
29:
6939:Franco-Swedish War (Pomeranian War)
4956:
4682:Infante Carlos, Count of Montemolin
4501:Felipe PrĂłspero, Prince of Asturias
4496:Baltasar Carlos, Prince of Asturias
3043:Hispanic American Historical Review
2969:(Second ed.). Clarendon Press.
2879:Ordenskapitelsarchivs zu Kopenhagen
2724:Trigueiros, AntĂłnio Miguel (1999),
1573:Grand Eagle of the Legion of Honour
1382:Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies
1276:Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies
1271:(1803â1829). They had no children.
1058:When Ferdinand was freed after the
433:Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies
419:
353:
24:
7848:Grand Crosses of the Order of Aviz
4348:
4038:Princes and Princesses of Asturias
3037:Fehrenbach, Charles Wentz (1970).
3030:
2758:Bragança, José Vicente de (2014),
2501:, p. 175. Oxford University Press.
974:Triumphal welcome of Ferdinand at
686:Viceroyalty of the RĂo de la Plata
334:Maria Antonia of Naples and Sicily
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
7869:
7818:Knights of the Order of AlcĂĄntara
7778:Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand
7662:Juan José Ruiz de Apodaca y Eliza
7559:Antonio MarĂa de Bucareli y UrsĂșa
4835:Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria
4784:Infante Alfonso, Duke of Galliera
4743:Infante Antonio, Duke of Galliera
4733:Infante Gaetan, Count of Girgenti
3102:Fernando VII at Historia Antiqua
3093:
2917:Almanacco della real casa e corte
1263:and of his mother's first cousin
638:, and the country entered into a
27:King of Spain, 1808 and 1813â1833
7393:Diego Osorio de Escobar y Llamas
7240:
7233:
6814:Frederick William III of Prussia
6794:Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
4866:Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria
4840:Infante Ălvaro, Duke of Galliera
4825:Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona
4789:Infante Luis Fernando of Orléans
4702:Infante Enrique, Duke of Seville
4595:Infante Felipe, Duke of Calabria
3325:
3025:. Vol. 2. pp. 415â436.
2985:
1723:
1702:
1681:
1647:
1625:
1604:
1582:
1562:
1536:
1523:Founder and Grand Master of the
1515:Military Order of St. Hermengild
1513:Founder and Grand Master of the
1503:Founder and Grand Master of the
1472:
1133:
554:
34:
7858:Children of Charles IV of Spain
7828:Knights of the Order of Montesa
7713:19th-century Navarrese monarchs
7584:Manuel Antonio Flores Maldonado
7471:Francisco FernĂĄndez de la Cueva
7383:Francisco FernĂĄndez de la Cueva
6934:Russo-Swedish War (Finnish War)
6864:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
4687:Infante Juan, Count of MontizĂłn
4646:Infante Carlos, Count of Molina
4579:Infante Luis, Count of ChinchĂłn
2932:
2908:
2890:
2852:
2835:
2820:
2793:
2768:
2751:
2688:
2659:
2630:
2610:
2598:
2571:
2550:
2464:
2450:. Madrid: Espasa. p. 405.
2439:
2427:
2384:A History of the Peninsular War
1505:Military Order of St. Ferdinand
1224:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
790:
444:
411:
378:
345:
7579:Alonso NĂșñez de Haro y Peralta
6849:Prince Regent John of Portugal
6759:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
6704:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
6699:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
4820:Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia
4748:Infante Carlos, Duke of Madrid
4605:Fernando I of the Two Sicilies
2956:
2403:
2371:
2359:
2326:
2314:
2287:
2261:
1670:Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky
1525:Order of Isabella the Catholic
1269:Maria Josepha Amalia of Saxony
1080:") which broke out in 1827 in
1013:undertook the most successful
795:
400:Maria Josepha Amalia of Saxony
13:
1:
7708:19th-century Spanish monarchs
7525:AgustĂn de Ahumada y VillalĂłn
7368:GarcĂa Sarmiento de Sotomayor
6874:Prince Charles John of Sweden
4911:title granted by Royal Decree
4794:Infante Jaime, Duke of Madrid
3019:History of Spain and Portugal
2974:Clarke, Henry Butler (1906).
2273:. Meadows Museum, SMU. 2010.
2254:
1284:Francis I of the Two Sicilies
645:
583:(the Desired), and after, as
113:
7738:19th-century Roman Catholics
7544:Francisco Cajigal de la Vega
4779:Infante Ferdinand of Bavaria
4439:Fernando, Prince of Asturias
2897:"A Szent IstvĂĄn Rend tagjai"
2775:M. & B. Wattel. (2009).
2623:National Gallery of Victoria
1456:Antoine, Duke of Montpensier
1431:Infanta MarĂa Luisa Fernanda
1261:Maximilian, Prince of Saxony
1124:
916:Army of the Three Guarantees
910:During the aftermath of the
609:liberal constitution of 1812
7:
7657:FĂ©lix MarĂa Calleja del Rey
7618:FĂ©lix Berenguer de Marquina
7608:Miguel de la GrĂșa Talamanca
7574:Bernardo de GĂĄlvez y Madrid
7569:MatĂas de GĂĄlvez y Gallardo
7447:José Sarmiento y Valladares
7398:Antonio SebastiĂĄn de Toledo
4815:Alfonso, Prince of Asturias
2578:John Van der Kiste (2011).
1750:
1485:Knight of the Golden Fleece
1237:In 1816, Ferdinand married
1088:Death and succession crisis
912:Mexican War of Independence
10:
7874:
7324:Diego FernĂĄndez de CĂłrdoba
7265:MartĂn EnrĂquez de Almanza
7231:
6709:Frederick I of WĂŒrttemberg
5079:Confederation of the Rhine
4651:Infante Francisco de Paula
4434:Carlos, Prince of Asturias
3016:Payne, Stanley G. (1973).
2800:Teulet, Alexandre (1863).
2695:Guerra, Francisco (1819),
2666:Guerra, Francisco (1796),
2637:Guerra, Francisco (1796),
2174:Louise Ălisabeth of France
2121:
2003:
1877:
1771:
1759:Ancestors of Ferdinand VII
1714:Grand Cross of St. Stephen
1464:
1391:Infanta MarĂa Isabel Luisa
1359:Infanta MarĂa Luisa Isabel
1332:Infanta MarĂa Luisa Isabel
1282:and of their first cousin
1038:King Louis XVIII of France
950:
889:Order of the Golden Fleece
799:
724:First reign and abdication
611:. A revolt in 1820 led by
466:
197:The Marquess of Casa Irujo
141:19 March 1808 â 6 May 1808
7636:
7592:
7554:Carlos Francisco de Croix
7533:
7509:
7455:
7406:
7388:Juan de Leyva de la Cerda
7363:Juan de Palafox y Mendoza
7343:Diego Carrillo de Mendoza
7332:
7298:
7280:Ălvaro Manrique de ZĂșñiga
7270:Lorenzo SuĂĄrez de Mendoza
7249:
7209:
7088:
6972:
6887:
6869:Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
6859:William, Prince of Orange
6722:
6669:Pierre-Charles Villeneuve
6602:
6595:
6475:
6354:
6218:
6047:
5961:
5915:
5664:
5558:
5482:
5376:
5290:
5242:
5233:
5129:
5030:
5021:
4998:French Invasion of Russia
4964:
4906:
4890:
4874:
4848:
4807:
4766:
4758:Carlos III, Duke of Parma
4720:
4669:
4633:
4625:Fernando I, Duke of Parma
4587:
4546:
4530:
4514:
4488:
4457:
4444:Diego, Prince of Asturias
4426:
4410:
4399:
4346:
4044:
3985:
3936:
3897:
3873:
3819:
3795:
3777:
3754:
3717:
3684:
3641:
3608:
3525:
3499:
3372:
3334:
3323:
3294:
3281:
3227:
3218:
3210:
3203:
3193:
3184:
3178:
3168:
3159:
3151:
3146:
3111:
2506:. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
2496:Ricketts, Monica (2017).
2448:La España de Fernando VII
2191:
2183:
2155:
2133:
2129:
2093:
2070:
2062:
2034:
2011:
2007:
1969:
1947:
1939:
1911:
1889:
1885:
1849:
1827:
1819:
1791:
1775:
1615:Knight of the Black Eagle
1593:Knight of the Holy Spirit
1378:
1361:
1320:
1228:Marie Caroline of Austria
1222:(1784â1806), daughter of
1111:
993:, and was led by General
946:
550:
540:
530:
520:
508:
492:
487:
483:
459:
322:
310:
290:
274:
270:
260:
250:
242:
218:The Duke of the Infantado
169:
155:
145:
137:
123:
101:
96:
7748:Spanish captain generals
7728:House of Bourbon (Spain)
7652:Francisco Javier Venegas
7564:MartĂn de Mayorga Ferrer
7520:Juan Francisco de GĂŒemes
7373:Marcos de Torres y Rueda
6779:Archduke John of Austria
6774:Prince von Schwarzenberg
6619:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
4799:Roberto I, Duke of Parma
4712:Carlos II, Duke of Parma
4620:Infante Francisco Javier
3056:10.1215/00182168-50.1.52
2902:22 December 2010 at the
2727:D. JoĂŁo VI e o seu Tempo
1962:Maria Josepha of Austria
1547:Sash of the Three Orders
1324:Maria Isabel of Portugal
1296:
1242:Maria Isabel of Portugal
748:popular riot at Aranjuez
623:authorized a successful
367:Maria Isabel of Portugal
7501:Pedro CebriĂĄn y AgustĂn
7422:Payo EnrĂquez de Rivera
7378:Luis EnrĂquez de GuzmĂĄn
7353:Lope DĂez de ArmendĂĄriz
7275:Pedro Moya de Contreras
6714:Frederick VI of Denmark
6664:Jean-Baptiste BessiĂšres
5454:Greater Poland uprising
5277:Duc d'Enghien Execution
4615:Infante Antonio Pascual
4574:Felipe I, Duke of Parma
3008:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
3003:Ferdinand VII. of Spain
2977:Modern Spain, 1815â1898
2446:Artola, Miguel (1999).
1737:Knight of St. Januarius
1280:Maria Isabella of Spain
1255:On 20 October 1819, in
1043:, "invoking the God of
963:José de Madrazo y Agudo
868:Spanish treasure fleets
232:The Count of la Alcudia
64:more precise citations.
7672:Juan O'DonojĂș y O'Ryan
7603:Juan Vicente de GĂŒemes
7476:Fernando de Alencastre
7466:Juan Ortega y Montañés
7442:Juan Ortega y Montañés
7309:Juan de Mendoza y Luna
6834:Ferdinand VII of Spain
5282:Coronation of Napoleon
4353:
2963:Carr, Raymond (1982).
2845:The Knights of England
2294:Sevilla, Fred (1997).
1988:Ferdinand VII of Spain
1930:Maria Amalia of Saxony
1904:Augustus III of Poland
1693:Knight of the Elephant
1423:Francis, Duke of CĂĄdiz
1204:
1201:Luis de la Cruz y RĂos
980:
966:
941:First Mexican Republic
855:
743:
733:
714:El Escorial Conspiracy
689:
674:
659:
572:
497:
225:Manuel GonzĂĄlez SalmĂłn
211:Francisco Cea BermĂșdez
7743:19th century in Spain
7613:Miguel José de Azanza
7549:JoaquĂn de Montserrat
7121:Conference of Dresden
7030:Paris (February 1812)
6959:SwedishâNorwegian War
6784:Alexander I of Russia
4738:Infante Luis Fernando
4352:
3288:Monarchs' family tree
2842:Shaw, WM. A. (1906).
2053:Philip, Duke of Parma
1545:: Grand Cross of the
1211:, the second died in
1198:
972:
960:
914:, the general of the
907:member of the order.
891:, Ferdinand made the
853:
739:
731:
680:
665:
653:
640:large-scale civil war
587:(the Criminal King).
110:Vicente López Portaña
18:Fernando VII of Spain
7798:Knights of Calatrava
7718:Nobility from Madrid
7432:Melchor Portocarrero
7075:Fontainebleau (1814)
6629:Louis-Nicolas Davout
5550:Invasion of Portugal
4559:Infante Felipe Pedro
3123:Cadet branch of the
2808:(in French) (2): 113
2112:Maria Luisa of Parma
1810:Charles III of Spain
1661:Knight of St. Andrew
1638:Knight of the Garter
1495:Order of Charles III
1415:Princess of Asturias
1157:improve this section
1026:Constitution of 1812
932:First Mexican Empire
922:, and Jefe Superior
860:wars of independence
826:Constitution of 1812
741:Constitution of 1812
698:Maria Luisa of Parma
636:American possessions
535:Maria Luisa of Parma
418:; died
385:; died
352:; died
7808:Knights of Santiago
7723:Princes of Asturias
7623:José de Iturrigaray
7358:Diego LĂłpez Pacheco
7101:Bourbon Restoration
6844:Maria I of Portugal
6829:Prince of Hohenlohe
6819:Gebhard von BlĂŒcher
5762:Neumarkt-Sankt Veit
5069:Swiss Confederation
3997:King/Queen of Spain
3875:House of TrastĂĄmara
3719:House of TrastĂĄmara
1868:Charles IV of Spain
1543:Kingdom of Portugal
1493:Grand Cross of the
1421:1833â1868. Married
1250:John VI of Portugal
1084:and other regions.
1060:Battle of Trocadero
983:There were several
943:a few years later.
920:AgustĂn de Iturbide
881:Friedrich von Gentz
753:Chùteau de Valençay
694:Charles IV of Spain
654:Young Ferdinand as
625:French intervention
525:Charles IV of Spain
204:The Count of Ofalia
7481:Baltasar de ZĂșñiga
7437:Gaspar de la Cerda
7220:Antonio de Mendoza
7116:Continental System
7111:Congress of Erfurt
7035:Paris (March 1812)
6809:Peter Wittgenstein
6734:Duke of Wellington
6689:Prince Poniatowski
6654:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
6639:Auguste de Marmont
6034:Arroyo dos Molinos
5882:Walcheren Campaign
5872:Armistice of Znaim
5767:Dalmatian Campaign
5692:Tyrolean Rebellion
4354:
4297:Emanuele Filiberto
3610:House of Champagne
3565:GarcĂa SĂĄnchez III
3232:Title next held by
3221:Prince of Asturias
2740:on 29 October 2013
2436:, pp. 105â119
2148:Louis XV of France
1611:Kingdom of Prussia
1205:
1094:Pragmatic Sanction
1049:Henry IV of France
981:
967:
893:Duke of Wellington
856:
808:Treaty of Valençay
784:Council of Castile
744:
734:
690:
675:
660:
656:Prince of Asturias
634:nearly all of its
621:Congress of Verona
600:Tumult of Aranjuez
590:Born in Madrid at
190:VĂctor DamiĂĄn SĂĄez
7680:
7679:
7427:TomĂĄs de la Cerda
7260:GastĂłn de Peralta
7165:
7164:
7161:
7160:
7153:Types of military
6949:Russo-Turkish War
6944:Russo-Persian War
6912:Anglo-Turkish War
6907:Anglo-Swedish War
6902:Anglo-Spanish War
6897:Anglo-Russian War
6824:Duke of Brunswick
6727:political leaders
6607:political leaders
6591:
6590:
5596:Medina de Rioseco
5318:Haslach-Jungingen
5252:French Revolution
5229:
5228:
5012:Seventh Coalition
4924:
4923:
4661:Luis I of Etruria
4393:Infantes of Spain
4359:
4358:
4217:Balthasar Charles
4004:
4003:
3899:House of Habsburg
3555:GarcĂa SĂĄnchez II
3455:
3454:
3275:Monarchs of Spain
3242:
3241:
3194:Succeeded by
3169:Succeeded by
3141:29 September 1833
2920:. 1825. pp.
2535:, pp. 82â83.
2400:, pp. 12â13.
2251:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2206:Marie LeszczyĆska
2085:Elisabeth Farnese
2026:Philip V of Spain
1842:Elisabeth Farnese
1784:Philip V of Spain
1589:Kingdom of France
1462:
1461:
1354:died in infancy.
1288:the older of whom
1265:Caroline of Parma
1193:
1192:
1185:
1017:, leading to the
999:Juan DĂaz Porlier
928:Treaty of CĂłrdoba
617:Liberal Triennium
562:
561:
545:Roman Catholicism
504:
503:
294:29 September 1833
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
7865:
7628:Pedro de Garibay
7417:Pedro Nuño Colón
7290:Gaspar de ZĂșñiga
7244:
7243:
7237:
7236:
7192:
7185:
7178:
7169:
7168:
6929:Dano-Swedish War
6917:Anglo-Danish War
6769:Archduke Charles
6684:JĂ©rĂŽme Bonaparte
6600:
6599:
6533:Castel di Sangro
6442:FĂšre-Champenoise
6095:GarcĂa HernĂĄndez
6009:Fuentes de Oñoro
5525:Guttstadt-Deppen
5262:Second Coalition
5240:
5239:
5221:French Royalists
5028:
5027:
4977:Fourth Coalition
4951:
4944:
4937:
4928:
4927:
4917:
4912:
4692:Infante Fernando
4475:Infante Fernando
4386:
4379:
4372:
4363:
4362:
4351:
4031:
4024:
4017:
4008:
4007:
3938:House of Bourbon
3821:House of Bourbon
3545:GarcĂa SĂĄnchez I
3527:House of Jiménez
3500:House of Ăñiguez
3482:
3475:
3468:
3459:
3458:
3329:
3284:List of monarchs
3268:
3261:
3254:
3245:
3244:
3211:Preceded by
3205:Spanish nobility
3179:Preceded by
3152:Preceded by
3142:
3135:
3126:Capetian dynasty
3118:House of Bourbon
3109:
3108:
3105:
3100:Historiaantiqua.
3089:
3060:
3058:
3026:
3024:
3012:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2981:
2980:. pp. 1â92.
2970:
2966:Spain, 1808â1975
2950:
2949:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2912:
2906:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2839:
2833:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2739:
2732:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2536:
2530:
2524:
2518:
2507:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2478:. 24 August 2017
2468:
2462:
2461:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2412:, pp. 85â90
2407:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2375:
2369:
2368:, pp. 79â85
2363:
2357:
2351:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2265:
1765:
1764:
1756:
1755:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1635:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1519:28 November 1814
1477:
1476:
1475:
1362:26 December 1818
1301:
1300:
1246:Carlota Joaquina
1188:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1168:
1137:
1129:
1118:Stanley G. Payne
1011:Rafael del Riego
986:pronunciamientos
780:Battle of Bailén
768:Joseph Bonaparte
630:Under his rule,
613:Rafael del Riego
594:, Ferdinand was
558:
485:
484:
470:
452:
450:
446:
423:
421:
417:
413:
390:
388:
384:
380:
357:
355:
351:
347:
297:
184:
174:
118:
115:
106:
94:
93:
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
60:this article by
51:inline citations
38:
37:
30:
21:
7873:
7872:
7868:
7867:
7866:
7864:
7863:
7862:
7683:
7682:
7681:
7676:
7632:
7588:
7529:
7505:
7496:Pedro de Castro
7451:
7402:
7348:Rodrigo Pacheco
7328:
7314:Luis de Velasco
7294:
7285:Luis de Velasco
7245:
7241:
7239:
7238:
7234:
7229:
7225:LuĂs de Velasco
7205:
7196:
7166:
7157:
7084:
6968:
6889:
6883:
6839:Miguel de Ălava
6804:Pyotr Bagration
6799:Count Bennigsen
6789:Mikhail Kutuzov
6754:Thomas Cochrane
6726:
6724:
6718:
6679:Louis Bonaparte
6606:
6604:
6603:French and ally
6587:
6471:
6387:ChĂąteau-Thierry
6350:
6214:
6185:Maloyaroslavets
6043:
5957:
5911:
5702:Yevenes/YĂ©benes
5660:
5576:Rosily Squadron
5554:
5478:
5444:Waren-Nossentin
5372:
5303:Cape Finisterre
5286:
5257:First Coalition
5235:
5225:
5132:
5125:
5036:
5032:
5023:
5017:
5005:Sixth Coalition
4991:Fifth Coalition
4970:Third Coalition
4960:
4958:Napoleonic Wars
4955:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4902:
4891:16th generation
4886:
4875:15th generation
4870:
4861:Infante Alfonso
4849:14th generation
4844:
4830:Infante Gonzalo
4808:13th generation
4803:
4767:12th generation
4762:
4721:11th generation
4716:
4670:10th generation
4665:
4629:
4610:Infante Gabriel
4583:
4542:
4526:
4510:
4484:
4453:
4422:
4406:
4395:
4390:
4360:
4355:
4349:
4344:
4225:Philip Prospero
4040:
4035:
4005:
4000:
3981:
3940:- Upper Navarre
3932:
3901:- Upper Navarre
3893:
3877:- Upper Navarre
3869:
3823:- Lower Navarre
3815:
3799:- Lower Navarre
3797:House of Albret
3791:
3779:House of Albret
3773:
3764:Francis Phoebus
3750:
3713:
3686:House of Ăvreux
3680:
3637:
3604:
3521:
3495:
3486:
3456:
3451:
3368:
3330:
3321:
3290:
3277:
3272:
3233:
3224:
3216:
3199:
3190:
3182:
3174:
3165:
3157:
3136:
3134:14 October 1784
3130:
3129:
3121:
3114:
3103:
3096:
3078:10.2307/2510900
3033:
3031:Further reading
3022:
3001:, ed. (1911). "
2986:
2984:
2959:
2954:
2953:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2904:Wayback Machine
2895:
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2543:
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2531:
2527:
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2510:
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2491:
2481:
2479:
2476:www.milenio.com
2470:
2469:
2465:
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2440:
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2408:
2404:
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2339:
2331:
2327:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2292:
2288:
2281:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2257:
2252:
1753:
1748:
1724:
1722:
1710:Austrian Empire
1703:
1701:
1682:
1680:
1648:
1646:
1626:
1624:
1605:
1603:
1583:
1581:
1563:
1561:
1537:
1535:
1489:14 October 1784
1473:
1471:
1467:
1443:
1442:2 February 1897
1436:
1435:30 January 1832
1403:
1396:
1395:10 October 1830
1363:
1343:
1336:
1299:
1293:
1189:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1154:
1138:
1127:
1114:
1090:
1064:Duc d'AngoulĂȘme
1019:Trienio Liberal
1015:pronunciamiento
955:
953:Trienio Liberal
949:
858:Meanwhile, the
804:
798:
793:
726:
648:
476:
464:
463:
455:
454:
442:
438:
435:
425:
409:
405:
402:
392:
376:
372:
369:
359:
343:
339:
336:
318:
299:
295:
279:
278:14 October 1784
238:
234:
227:
220:
213:
206:
199:
192:
186:
185:
180:
172:Prime ministers
170:
133:
119:
116:
86:
75:
69:
66:
56:Please help to
55:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7871:
7861:
7860:
7855:
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7805:
7800:
7795:
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7755:
7750:
7745:
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7528:
7527:
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7507:
7506:
7504:
7503:
7498:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7462:
7460:
7453:
7452:
7450:
7449:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7413:
7411:
7404:
7403:
7401:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7339:
7337:
7330:
7329:
7327:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7305:
7303:
7296:
7295:
7293:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7256:
7254:
7247:
7246:
7232:
7230:
7228:
7227:
7222:
7216:
7214:
7207:
7206:
7195:
7194:
7187:
7180:
7172:
7163:
7162:
7159:
7158:
7156:
7155:
7150:
7148:Longwood House
7145:
7144:
7143:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7092:
7090:
7086:
7085:
7083:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6976:
6974:
6970:
6969:
6967:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6925:
6924:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6893:
6891:
6885:
6884:
6882:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6854:Count of Feira
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6749:Horatio Nelson
6746:
6741:
6736:
6730:
6728:
6720:
6719:
6717:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6659:Marshal Victor
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6610:
6608:
6597:
6593:
6592:
6589:
6588:
6586:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6479:
6477:
6473:
6472:
6470:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6437:Arcis-sur-Aube
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6358:
6356:
6352:
6351:
6349:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6222:
6220:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6180:Venta del Pozo
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6055:Ciudad Rodrigo
6051:
6049:
6045:
6044:
6042:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5965:
5963:
5959:
5958:
5956:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5933:Ciudad Rodrigo
5930:
5925:
5919:
5917:
5913:
5912:
5910:
5909:
5907:Alba de Tormes
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5807:Aspern-Essling
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5668:
5666:
5662:
5661:
5659:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5562:
5560:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5486:
5484:
5480:
5479:
5477:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5409:JenaâAuerstedt
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5380:
5378:
5374:
5373:
5371:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5294:
5292:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5248:
5246:
5237:
5231:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5181:Ottoman Empire
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5141:United Kingdom
5137:
5135:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5111:Ottoman Empire
5108:
5106:DenmarkâNorway
5103:
5102:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5049:Polish Legions
5046:
5040:
5038:
5025:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5008:
5001:
4994:
4987:
4984:Peninsular War
4980:
4973:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4954:
4953:
4946:
4939:
4931:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4913:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4894:
4892:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4878:
4876:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4852:
4850:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4811:
4809:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4770:
4768:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4724:
4722:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4673:
4671:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4637:
4635:
4634:9th generation
4631:
4630:
4628:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4591:
4589:
4588:8th generation
4585:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4550:
4548:
4547:7th generation
4544:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4534:
4532:
4531:6th generation
4528:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4518:
4516:
4515:5th generation
4512:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4492:
4490:
4489:4th generation
4486:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4480:Infante Alonso
4477:
4472:
4470:Infante Carlos
4467:
4461:
4459:
4458:3rd generation
4455:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4430:
4428:
4427:2nd generation
4424:
4423:
4421:
4420:
4414:
4412:
4411:1st generation
4408:
4407:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4389:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4366:
4357:
4356:
4347:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4334:
4326:
4318:
4310:
4302:
4294:
4286:
4278:
4270:
4262:
4254:
4246:
4238:
4230:
4222:
4214:
4206:
4198:
4190:
4182:
4174:
4166:
4158:
4150:
4142:
4134:
4126:
4118:
4110:
4102:
4094:
4086:
4078:
4070:
4062:
4054:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4034:
4033:
4026:
4019:
4011:
4002:
4001:
3993:King of France
3989:King of Aragon
3986:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3943:
3941:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3904:
3902:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3880:
3878:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3826:
3824:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3802:
3800:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3783:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3760:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3723:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3690:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3647:
3645:
3643:House of Capet
3639:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3590:GarcĂa RamĂrez
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3531:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3512:GarcĂa Ăñiguez
3509:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3485:
3484:
3477:
3470:
3462:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3378:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3340:
3338:
3336:Personal union
3332:
3331:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3310:
3300:
3298:
3296:Dynastic union
3292:
3291:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3271:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3248:
3240:
3239:
3231:
3226:
3217:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3192:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3167:
3158:
3153:
3149:
3148:
3147:Regnal titles
3144:
3143:
3122:
3115:
3113:Ferdinand VII
3112:
3107:
3106:
3095:
3094:External links
3092:
3091:
3090:
3072:(4): 586â607.
3061:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3013:
2999:Chisholm, Hugh
2982:
2971:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2931:
2907:
2889:
2867:
2851:
2834:
2819:
2792:
2786:978-2350771359
2785:
2767:
2750:
2716:
2703:(in Spanish):
2687:
2674:(in Spanish):
2658:
2645:(in Spanish):
2629:
2609:
2597:
2590:
2570:
2549:
2537:
2525:
2523:, p. 268.
2508:
2489:
2463:
2456:
2438:
2426:
2414:
2402:
2390:
2370:
2358:
2356:, p. 267.
2337:
2325:
2313:
2306:
2286:
2279:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
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2228:
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2220:
2218:
2215:
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2212:
2209:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2170:
2167:
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2160:
2157:
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2150:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2137:
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2134:
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2130:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1857:
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1854:
1851:
1850:
1848:
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1838:
1835:
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1821:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1814:
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1806:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1761:
1760:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1720:
1699:
1697:29 August 1818
1678:
1677:
1676:
1667:
1655:Russian Empire
1644:
1642:10 August 1814
1633:United Kingdom
1621:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1579:
1553:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1521:
1511:
1509:31 August 1811
1501:
1491:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1452:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1419:Queen of Spain
1412:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1367:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1347:
1342:9 January 1818
1340:
1335:21 August 1817
1333:
1329:
1328:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1298:
1295:
1191:
1190:
1141:
1139:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1113:
1110:
1089:
1086:
1071:Ominous Decade
1007:Juan Van Halen
991:Peninsular War
948:
945:
936:personal union
897:British forces
895:, head of the
797:
794:
792:
789:
772:Peninsular War
732:Royal Monogram
725:
722:
647:
644:
560:
559:
552:
548:
547:
542:
538:
537:
532:
528:
527:
522:
518:
517:
512:
506:
505:
502:
501:
490:
489:
481:
480:
471:
457:
456:
440:
436:
431:
430:
429:
428:
407:
403:
398:
397:
396:
395:
374:
370:
365:
364:
363:
362:
341:
337:
332:
331:
330:
329:
326:
324:
320:
319:
314:
312:
308:
307:
298:(aged 48)
292:
288:
287:
276:
272:
271:
268:
267:
262:
258:
257:
252:
248:
247:
244:
240:
239:
237:
236:
229:
222:
215:
208:
201:
194:
179:
178:
177:
175:
167:
166:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
139:
135:
134:
127:
121:
120:
117: 1814â15
107:
99:
98:
88:
87:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7870:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7816:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7693:Ferdinand VII
7691:
7690:
7688:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7638:Ferdinand VII
7635:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7591:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7532:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7508:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7486:Juan de Acuña
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7454:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7405:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7331:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7319:GarcĂa Guerra
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7297:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7248:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7208:
7203:
7200:
7193:
7188:
7186:
7181:
7179:
7174:
7173:
7170:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7142:
7139:
7138:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7093:
7091:
7089:Miscellaneous
7087:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6977:
6975:
6971:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6923:
6920:
6919:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6894:
6892:
6886:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6764:Manuel Lapeña
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6731:
6729:
6721:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6694:Prince EugĂšne
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6644:André Masséna
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6624:Joachim Murat
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6611:
6609:
6601:
6598:
6594:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6568:Rocheserviere
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6480:
6478:
6474:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6359:
6357:
6353:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6256:San SebastiĂĄn
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6223:
6221:
6217:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6046:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5966:
5964:
5960:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5920:
5918:
5914:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5817:Sankt Michael
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5732:Teugen-Hausen
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5663:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5557:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5481:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5375:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5289:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5245:
5241:
5238:
5232:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5134:
5128:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5035:
5034:client states
5029:
5026:
5020:
5014:
5013:
5009:
5007:
5006:
5002:
5000:
4999:
4995:
4993:
4992:
4988:
4986:
4985:
4981:
4979:
4978:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4967:
4966:
4963:
4959:
4952:
4947:
4945:
4940:
4938:
4933:
4932:
4929:
4914:
4909:
4908:
4905:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4889:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4873:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4856:Juan Carlos I
4854:
4853:
4851:
4847:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4806:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4765:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4719:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4668:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4632:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4513:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4487:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4425:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4409:
4404:
4398:
4394:
4387:
4382:
4380:
4375:
4373:
4368:
4367:
4364:
4341:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4039:
4032:
4027:
4025:
4020:
4018:
4013:
4012:
4009:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3984:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3972:Ferdinand III
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3935:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3896:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3872:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3818:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3794:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3756:House of Foix
3753:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3540:Jimeno Garcés
3538:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3517:FortĂșn GarcĂ©s
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3483:
3478:
3476:
3471:
3469:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3442:Juan Carlos I
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3417:Ferdinand VII
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3328:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3280:
3276:
3269:
3264:
3262:
3257:
3255:
3250:
3249:
3246:
3238:
3237:
3236:Isabella (II)
3230:
3223:
3222:
3215:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3189:
3188:
3187:King of Spain
3177:
3173:
3164:
3163:
3162:King of Spain
3156:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3133:
3128:
3127:
3120:
3119:
3110:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3034:
3021:
3020:
3014:
3010:
3009:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2994:public domain
2983:
2979:
2978:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2947:
2943:
2942:
2935:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2911:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2893:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2871:
2863:
2862:
2855:
2847:
2846:
2838:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2807:
2803:
2796:
2788:
2782:
2778:
2771:
2763:
2762:
2754:
2736:
2729:
2728:
2720:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2691:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2662:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2633:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2613:
2607:, p. 428
2606:
2601:
2593:
2591:9780752470832
2587:
2583:
2582:
2574:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2557:Ward, A. W.;
2553:
2547:, p. 91.
2546:
2541:
2534:
2529:
2522:
2521:Chisholm 1911
2517:
2515:
2513:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2493:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2459:
2453:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2430:
2424:, p. 32.
2423:
2418:
2411:
2406:
2399:
2394:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2379:Oman, Charles
2374:
2367:
2362:
2355:
2354:Chisholm 1911
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2309:
2307:9789719185802
2303:
2299:
2298:
2290:
2282:
2280:9788471204394
2276:
2272:
2271:
2264:
2260:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2016:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1779:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1569:French Empire
1560:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1530:
1529:24 March 1815
1526:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1470:
1469:
1458:, had issue.
1457:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1441:
1439:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1425:, had issue.
1424:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1402:10 April 1904
1401:
1399:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1377:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1341:
1339:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1202:
1197:
1187:
1184:
1176:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1142:This section
1140:
1136:
1131:
1130:
1122:
1119:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1041:invaded Spain
1039:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
997:in Pamplona.
996:
992:
988:
987:
979:
977:
971:
964:
959:
954:
944:
942:
937:
933:
929:
926:, signed the
925:
924:Juan O'DonojĂș
921:
917:
913:
908:
906:
902:
901:the peninsula
898:
894:
890:
885:
882:
878:
877:
871:
869:
865:
861:
852:
848:
846:
842:
841:three estates
838:
834:
829:
827:
823:
822:
817:
813:
809:
803:
788:
785:
781:
777:
774:. Provincial
773:
769:
764:
762:
758:
754:
749:
742:
738:
730:
721:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
687:
683:
679:
672:
668:
664:
657:
652:
643:
641:
637:
633:
628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
605:
601:
597:
596:heir apparent
593:
588:
586:
582:
578:
577:King of Spain
574:
570:
566:
565:Ferdinand VII
557:
553:
549:
546:
543:
539:
536:
533:
529:
526:
523:
519:
516:
513:
511:
507:
500:
495:
491:
486:
482:
479:
475:
472:
469:
468:
462:
458:
434:
427:
426:
401:
394:
393:
368:
361:
360:
335:
328:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
306:
302:
293:
289:
286:
282:
277:
273:
269:
266:
263:
259:
256:
253:
249:
245:
241:
233:
230:
226:
223:
219:
216:
212:
209:
205:
202:
198:
195:
191:
188:
187:
183:
176:
173:
168:
165:
161:
158:
154:
151:
148:
144:
140:
136:
131:
126:
125:King of Spain
122:
111:
105:
100:
97:Ferdinand VII
95:
92:
84:
81:
73:
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
7511:Ferdinand VI
7136:Grande Armée
7096:Bibliography
7080:Paris (1815)
7040:Paris (1814)
7025:Paris (1810)
7005:Finckenstein
6980:Campo Formio
6739:Rowland Hill
6725:military and
6605:military and
6578:Rocquencourt
6447:Saint-Dizier
6417:Bar-sur-Aube
6372:Mincio River
5867:Schöngrabern
5646:2nd Zaragoza
5586:1st Zaragoza
5540:Stralsund II
5389:Campo Tenese
5363:Schöngrabern
5348:Cape Ortegal
5298:Diamond Rock
5176:Papal States
5010:
5003:
4996:
4989:
4982:
4975:
4968:
4897:
4641:Fernando VII
4537:
4521:
4339:
4331:
4323:
4315:
4307:
4299:
4291:
4283:
4275:
4267:
4259:
4251:
4243:
4235:
4227:
4219:
4211:
4203:
4195:
4187:
4179:
4171:
4163:
4155:
4147:
4139:
4131:
4123:
4115:
4107:
4099:
4091:
4083:
4075:
4067:
4059:
4051:
3971:
3957:Ferdinand II
3738:
3731:
3507:Ăñigo Arista
3437:Alfonso XIII
3416:
3397:Ferdinand VI
3234:
3228:
3219:
3214:Charles (IV)
3185:
3160:
3138:
3131:
3124:
3116:
3104:(in Spanish)
3069:
3065:
3049:(1): 52â69.
3046:
3042:
3018:
3006:
2976:
2965:
2945:
2940:
2934:
2916:
2910:
2892:
2877:
2870:
2860:
2854:
2844:
2837:
2826:
2822:
2810:. Retrieved
2805:
2795:
2776:
2770:
2760:
2753:
2742:, retrieved
2735:the original
2726:
2719:
2708:, retrieved
2700:
2690:
2679:, retrieved
2671:
2661:
2650:, retrieved
2642:
2632:
2621:
2612:
2600:
2580:
2573:
2563:
2552:
2540:
2528:
2504:Google Books
2503:
2498:
2492:
2480:. Retrieved
2475:
2466:
2447:
2441:
2429:
2417:
2405:
2393:
2383:
2373:
2361:
2328:
2316:
2296:
2289:
2269:
2263:
1987:
1731:Two Sicilies
1717:
1696:
1673:
1664:
1641:
1618:
1596:
1576:
1550:
1528:
1518:
1508:
1498:
1488:
1379:
1321:
1292:
1273:
1254:
1236:
1232:miscarriages
1217:
1209:tuberculosis
1206:
1179:
1173:October 2021
1170:
1155:Please help
1143:
1115:
1106:Carlist Wars
1091:
1076:
1068:
1057:
1035:
1023:
1014:
995:Espoz y Mina
984:
982:
973:
909:
903:, the first
886:
874:
872:
857:
830:
820:
815:
812:afrancesados
811:
805:
791:Second reign
765:
757:Charles Oman
755:. Historian
746:Following a
745:
710:Manuel Godoy
691:
629:
589:
585:el Rey FelĂłn
584:
580:
573:Fernando VII
564:
563:
499:BorbĂłn-Parma
465:
296:(1833-09-29)
228:(1826-1832)
221:(1825-1826)
214:(1824-1825)
207:(1823-1824)
200:(1823â1823)
193:(1823â1823)
181:
108:Portrait by
91:
76:
67:
48:
7703:1833 deaths
7698:1784 births
7640:(1809â1821)
7596:(1789â1809)
7537:(1760â1789)
7535:Charles III
7513:(1746â1760)
7459:(1701â1746)
7410:(1665â1701)
7336:(1621â1665)
7302:(1603â1621)
7253:(1566â1603)
7213:(1535â1564)
7204:(1535â1821)
7199:Viceroys of
6964:War of 1812
6922:Gunboat War
6879:Louis XVIII
6634:Jean Lannes
6548:Quatre Bras
6538:San Germano
6488:Occhiobello
6377:Champaubert
6367:La RothiĂšre
6291:San Marcial
6175:2nd Polotsk
6140:1st Polotsk
6125:Majadahonda
6065:Villagarcia
5994:Campo Maior
5782:Piave River
5707:Ciudad Real
5697:Villafranca
5566:Dos de Mayo
5515:Stralsund I
5267:18 Brumaire
5201:Netherlands
5099:WĂŒrttemberg
4728:Alfonso XII
4564:Fernando VI
4332:(1977â2014)
4316:(1881â1904)
4268:(1788â1808)
4236:(1661â1665)
4228:(1657â1661)
4220:(1629â1646)
4148:(1498â1500)
3967:Charles VII
3884:Ferdinand I
3704:Charles III
3623:Theobald II
3432:Alfonso XII
3422:Isabella II
3402:Charles III
3308:Ferdinand V
3197:Isabella II
2957:Works cited
2559:Gooch, G.P.
2545:Clarke 1906
2533:Clarke 1906
2422:Clarke 1906
2398:Clarke 1906
1674:23 May 1815
1665:23 May 1815
1619:3 June 1814
1450:El Escorial
1417:1830â1833,
1410:El Escorial
1384:(1806â1878)
1370:El Escorial
1350:El Escorial
1326:(1797â1818)
1267:, Princess
1075:War of the
796:Restoration
702:El Escorial
684:: 8 reales
682:Silver coin
669:: 8 reales
667:Silver coin
592:El Escorial
474:Isabella II
316:El Escorial
281:El Escorial
265:Isabella II
251:Predecessor
235:(1833-1833)
146:Predecessor
62:introducing
7687:Categories
7594:Charles IV
7408:Charles II
7300:Philip III
7106:Casualties
7020:Schönbrunn
6995:Artlenburg
6744:John Moore
6649:Michel Ney
6518:Scapezzano
6508:Cesenatico
6452:Montmartre
6382:Montmirail
6316:Wartenburg
6271:GroĂbeeren
6130:Gorodechno
6120:Klyastitsy
6100:Saltanovka
5989:Casal Novo
5862:Hollabrunn
5847:Korneuburg
5641:Somosierra
5545:Copenhagen
5368:Austerlitz
5358:DĂŒrenstein
5094:Westphalia
5037:and allies
4569:Carlos III
4449:Felipe III
3977:Isabella I
3962:Charles VI
3947:Philip VII
3908:Charles IV
3740:Blanche II
3733:Charles IV
3699:Charles II
3694:Philip III
3618:Theobald I
3600:Sancho VII
3560:Sancho III
3407:Charles IV
3374:Real union
3364:Charles II
3354:Philip III
3304:Isabella I
3225:1788â1808
3191:1813â1833
3155:Charles IV
2605:Payne 1973
2482:4 February
2457:8423997421
2255:References
1213:childbirth
1077:Agraviados
951:See also:
905:Protestant
800:See also:
761:Talleyrand
646:Early life
632:Spain lost
581:el Deseado
164:Napoleon I
150:Charles IV
70:March 2023
45:references
7334:Philip IV
7251:Philip II
7211:Charles V
7202:New Spain
7070:Casalanza
7045:Tauroggen
7000:Pressburg
6985:Lunéville
6890:conflicts
6723:Coalition
6573:La Suffel
6523:Tolentino
6407:Montereau
6392:Vauchamps
6341:Bornhöved
6296:Dennewitz
6241:Tarragona
6190:Chashniki
6090:Salamanca
6014:Tarragona
5938:Barquilla
5892:Almonacid
5852:Stockerau
5822:Stralsund
5792:2nd Porto
5772:Ebelsberg
5742:Abensberg
5712:1st Porto
5672:CastellĂłn
5656:Benavente
5621:Valmaseda
5535:Friedland
5530:Heilsberg
5500:OstroĆÄka
5490:Mohrungen
5424:Magdeburg
5353:Amstetten
5338:Trafalgar
5323:Elchingen
5308:Wertingen
5206:Brunswick
5131:Coalition
4882:Felipe VI
4600:Carlos IV
4506:Carlos II
4465:Felipe IV
4418:Felipe II
4324:(1907â38)
4308:(1875â80)
4300:(1871â73)
4292:(1857â68)
4284:(1851â57)
4276:(1830â33)
4265:Ferdinand
4260:(1759â88)
4252:(1724â46)
4249:Ferdinand
4244:(1709â24)
4212:(1605â21)
4204:(1582â98)
4196:(1578â82)
4188:(1571â78)
4185:Ferdinand
4180:(1556â68)
4172:(1527â56)
4164:(1504â16)
4156:(1502â04)
4140:(1497â98)
4132:(1478â97)
4124:(1470â78)
4116:(1468â70)
4108:(1464â68)
4100:(1462â64)
4092:(1425â54)
4084:(1424â25)
4076:(1423â24)
4073:Catherine
4068:(1405â06)
4060:(1402â05)
4052:(1388â90)
3928:Charles V
3923:Philip VI
3913:Philip IV
3865:Charles V
3845:Louis III
3835:Henry III
3769:Catherine
3709:Blanche I
3671:Charles I
3666:Philip II
3595:Sancho VI
3585:Alfonso I
3570:Sancho IV
3550:Sancho II
3447:Felipe VI
3359:Philip IV
3349:Philip II
3344:Charles I
2434:Carr 1982
2410:Carr 1982
2366:Carr 1982
1239:his niece
1144:does not
1125:Marriages
1082:Catalonia
1045:St. Louis
1003:Luis Lacy
876:camarilla
671:New Spain
551:Signature
261:Successor
243:2nd reign
156:Successor
138:1st reign
7457:Philip V
7141:Uniforms
7055:Chaumont
6973:Treaties
6674:Joseph I
6614:Napoleon
6558:Waterloo
6498:Casaglia
6462:Toulouse
6346:Sehested
6321:Bidassoa
6301:2nd Kulm
6286:1st Kulm
6276:Katzbach
6266:Sorauren
6261:Pyrenees
6226:Castalla
6210:Berezina
6200:Smoliani
6170:Tarutino
6155:Borodino
6145:Valutino
6135:Smolensk
6105:Ostrovno
6075:Maguilla
6039:Valencia
6029:Saguntum
5877:Talavera
5757:Ratisbon
5747:Landshut
5722:Bergisel
5717:MedellĂn
5631:Espinosa
5591:Valencia
5464:Czarnowo
5434:Pasewalk
5429:Prenzlau
5404:Saalfeld
5343:Caldiero
5313:GĂŒnzburg
5191:Sardinia
5166:Portugal
4403:Carlos I
4340:(2014â )
4313:Mercedes
4305:Isabella
4281:Isabella
4273:Isabella
4137:Isabella
4121:Isabella
4113:Isabella
3952:Louis II
3918:Philip V
3889:Joan III
3860:Louis VI
3850:Louis IV
3840:Louis II
3811:Joan III
3806:Henry II
3787:John III
3651:Philip I
3575:Sancho V
3535:Sancho I
3489:Monarchs
3392:Philip V
3382:Philip V
3317:Philip I
2900:Archived
2710:17 March
2681:17 March
2652:17 March
2561:(1970).
2381:(1902).
1751:Ancestry
1454:Married
1102:Isabella
976:Valencia
864:royalist
816:Fernando
718:Napoleon
604:Napoleon
541:Religion
255:Joseph I
182:See list
160:Joseph I
6888:Related
6467:Bayonne
6432:Craonne
6402:Mormant
6362:Brienne
6336:Nivelle
6326:Leipzig
6281:Dresden
6251:Vitoria
6236:Bautzen
6205:Krasnoi
6150:Mesoten
6110:Vitebsk
6070:Almaraz
6060:Badajoz
6019:Albuera
6004:Almeida
5999:Sabugal
5984:Redinha
5974:Barrosa
5953:Bussaco
5948:Almeida
5928:Astorga
5897:Tamames
5857:Gefrees
5812:Alcañiz
5752:EckmĂŒhl
5682:Corunna
5651:SahagĂșn
5616:Zornoza
5611:Vimeiro
5581:CabezĂłn
5505:Kolberg
5474:PuĆtusk
5469:Golymin
5459:Hamelin
5439:Stettin
5399:Schleiz
5244:Prelude
5236:battles
5211:Hanover
5156:Prussia
5146:Austria
5084:Bavaria
5064:Etruria
5059:Holland
5031:France,
5024:gerents
4321:Alfonso
4289:Alfonso
4257:Charles
4233:Charles
4177:Charles
4161:Charles
4145:Michael
4105:Alfonso
4081:Eleanor
3995:. Also
3991:. Also
3855:Louis V
3830:Antoine
3746:Eleanor
3727:John II
3676:Joan II
3656:Louis I
3628:Henry I
3580:Peter I
3493:Navarre
3387:Louis I
3086:2510900
2996::
1689:Denmark
1577:1806/07
1465:Honours
1445:Seville
1165:removed
1150:sources
1030:Jesuits
845:Bourbon
569:Spanish
515:Bourbon
494:Spanish
467:more...
453:
441:
437:
424:
408:
404:
391:
375:
371:
358:
342:
338:
323:Spouses
130:more...
58:improve
7065:Mantua
7015:Cintra
7010:Tilsit
6990:Amiens
6528:Ancona
6513:Pesaro
6483:Panaro
6412:Orthez
6397:Garris
6311:RoĂlau
6306:Göhrde
6246:Luckau
6231:LĂŒtzen
6195:Vyazma
6165:Burgos
6160:Moscow
6115:Kobryn
6024:Usagre
5979:Pombal
5969:Gebora
5842:Wagram
5802:Tarvis
5777:Girona
5737:Raszyn
5727:Sacile
5636:Tudela
5626:Burgos
5606:Roliça
5601:Bailén
5520:Mileto
5510:Danzig
5449:LĂŒbeck
5414:Erfurt
5333:Verona
5216:Nassau
5196:Sweden
5186:Persia
5171:Sicily
5151:Russia
5133:forces
5116:Persia
5089:Saxony
5074:Naples
5044:France
5022:Belli-
4554:Luis I
4337:Leonor
4329:Felipe
4209:Philip
4201:Philip
4169:Philip
4153:Joanna
4097:Joanna
3661:John I
3633:Joan I
3427:Amadeo
3412:Joseph
3315:&
3313:Joanna
3306:&
3229:Vacant
3181:Joseph
3172:Joseph
3137:
3084:
2990:
2812:26 May
2783:
2744:10 May
2588:
2454:
2304:
2277:
1728:
1707:
1686:
1652:
1630:
1556:France
1438:Madrid
1398:Madrid
1365:Madrid
1345:Madrid
1338:Madrid
1316:Notes
1313:Burial
1257:Madrid
1203:(1832)
1112:Legacy
1098:Cortes
978:, 1815
965:, 1821
947:Revolt
837:Cortes
833:Girona
821:juntas
776:juntas
706:Madrid
658:, 1800
531:Mother
521:Father
447:
414:
381:
348:
311:Burial
301:Madrid
47:, but
7131:Films
6563:Wavre
6553:Ligny
6543:Gaeta
6503:Ronco
6493:Carpi
6457:Paris
6427:Reims
6331:Hanau
5923:CĂĄdiz
5902:Ocaña
5887:Ălper
5832:MarĂa
5797:Wörgl
5787:GrijĂł
5687:Valls
5677:Uclés
5571:Bruch
5495:Eylau
5419:Halle
5394:Maida
5384:Gaeta
5234:Major
5161:Spain
5121:Spain
5054:Italy
4241:Louis
4193:Diego
4089:Henry
4057:Maria
4049:Henry
3987:Also
3166:1808
3139:Died:
3132:Born:
3082:JSTOR
3023:(PDF)
2944:[
2886:â156.
2831:p. 17
2738:(PDF)
2731:(PDF)
2087:(= 9)
2028:(= 8)
1479:Spain
1405:Paris
1310:Death
1307:Birth
1297:Issue
1053:CĂĄdiz
704:near
510:House
488:Names
461:Issue
451:)
443:(
439:
422:)
410:(
406:
389:)
377:(
373:
356:)
344:(
340:
305:Spain
285:Spain
7060:Kiel
7050:Ried
6596:Info
6583:Issy
6476:1815
6422:Laon
6355:1814
6219:1813
6085:Ekau
6048:1812
5962:1811
5916:1810
5837:Graz
5827:Raab
5665:1809
5559:1808
5483:1807
5377:1806
5291:1805
4898:None
4538:None
4522:None
4129:John
4065:John
2814:2020
2781:ISBN
2746:2020
2712:2020
2683:2020
2654:2020
2586:ISBN
2484:2019
2452:ISBN
2302:ISBN
2275:ISBN
2204:15.
2146:14.
2083:13.
2024:12.
1960:11.
1902:10.
1718:1825
1597:1814
1551:1796
1499:1784
1304:Name
1248:and
1226:and
1148:any
1146:cite
696:and
449:1829
420:1829
416:1819
387:1818
383:1816
354:1806
350:1802
291:Died
275:Born
6080:Mir
5943:CĂŽa
5328:Ulm
3491:of
3074:doi
3051:doi
3005:".
2926:121
2922:118
2884:155
2172:7.
2110:3.
2051:6.
1986:1.
1928:5.
1866:2.
1840:9.
1808:4.
1782:8.
1380:By
1322:By
1159:by
899:on
162:or
7689::
3286:|
3080:.
3070:48
3068:.
3047:50
3045:.
3041:.
2924:,
2705:52
2699:,
2676:42
2670:,
2647:40
2641:,
2620:.
2511:^
2474:.
2340:^
1733::
1716:,
1712::
1695:,
1691::
1672:,
1663:,
1657::
1640:,
1636::
1617:,
1613::
1595:,
1591::
1575:,
1571::
1558::
1549:,
1527:,
1517:,
1507:,
1497:,
1487:,
1481::
1234:.
1108:.
1021:.
918:,
571::
496::
445:m.
412:m.
379:m.
346:m.
303:,
283:,
132:)
114:c.
112:,
7191:e
7184:t
7177:v
4950:e
4943:t
4936:v
4385:e
4378:t
4371:v
4030:e
4023:t
4016:v
3999:.
3481:e
3474:t
3467:v
3267:e
3260:t
3253:v
3088:.
3076::
3059:.
3053::
2928:.
2816:.
2789:.
2594:.
2486:.
2460:.
2310:.
2283:.
1186:)
1180:(
1175:)
1171:(
1167:.
1153:.
567:(
128:(
83:)
77:(
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54:.
20:)
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