2076:
2017:, the result was a Falange intended as a "melting pot" for all of the various political factions on the Nationalist side of the civil war. It proclaimed support for "an economic middle way equidistant from liberal capitalism and Marxist materialism." Private initiative and ownership was recognized as the most effective means of production, but owners and managers were responsible for advancing that production for the common good. At the same time, it was made clear that the economy would continue to rest on private property, whose protection was guaranteed, while the state was envisioned as undertaking economic initiatives only when private enterprise failed or "the interests of the nation require it." In October 1937, the new leader of the Falange,
1849:
1034:
1009:
225:
1720:
749:
1709:
1817:, Falangism is unconcerned about racial purity and does not denounce other races for being inferior, claiming "that every race has a particular cultural significance" and claiming that the intermixing of the Spanish race and other races has produced a "Hispanic supercaste" that is "ethically improved, morally robust, spiritually vigorous". It was less concerned about biological Spanish racial regeneration than it was in advocating the necessity of Spanish
1935:
794:
128:
66:
25:
1732:
735:
3176:
3229:
1965:
Initially, Falangism in Spain, as promoted by Primo de Rivera, advocated a "national syndicalist" economy that rejected both capitalism and communism. Primo de Rivera denounced capitalism for being an individualist economy at the hands of the bourgeoisie that turned workers "into a dehumanized cog in
1797:
into Spain, both before and after its merger with the
Carlists. During its early years, the Falange produced maps of Spain that included Portugal as a province of Spain. The Carlists stated that a Carlist Spain would retake Gibraltar and Portugal. After the civil war, some radical members of the
1875:
heritage, saying that the
Germanic tribe of the Visigoths gave Spaniards their "national love for law and order". During the early years of the Falangist regime of Franco, the regime admired Nazi Germany and had Spanish archaeologists seek to demonstrate that Spaniards were part of the
1907:. Primo de Rivera saw the solution to the "Jewish problem" in Spain as simple: the conversion of Jews to Catholicism. However, on the issue of perceived political tendencies amongst Jews, he warned about Jewish-Marxist influences over the working classes. The Falangist daily newspaper
2848:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2006. p. 220: "the Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las JONS was formed... by representatives of very different ideologies united only by their proclaimed and resolute antiliberalism and anti-Marxism."
2087:
The
Spanish Falange supported conservative ideas about women and supported rigid gender roles that stipulated that women's main duties in life were to be loving mothers and submissive wives. This policy was set against that of the
3207:
3171:
1977:
economy that creates national syndicates of both employees and employers to organize and control the economic activity mutually. It further advocated agrarian reform, industrial expansion, and respect for
1813:
and racialist policies, viewing races as real and existing with differing strengths, weaknesses and accompanying cultures inextricably obtained with them. However, unlike other racialists such as the
2579:
M. K. Flynn. Ideology, mobilization, and the nation: the rise of Irish, Basque, and
Carlist national movements in the Nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Palgrave Macmillan, 1999. p. 178.
3224:
1917:
is the creator of two great evils that have afflicted humanity: capitalism and
Marxism". Primo de Rivera approved of attacks by Falangists on the Jewish-owned SEPU department stores in 1935.
1845:, Equatorial Guinea, there were two units of native Falangists and four of Europeans. In 1959, the Female Section extended its teaching to Guinean women to prepare them for independence.
1649:
1393:
1398:
1388:
835:
as some historians consider the
Falange to be a fascist movement based on its fascist leanings during the early years, while others focus on its transformation into an
1950:
Falangism supports a national, trans-class society while opposing individual-class-based societies such as bourgeois or proletarian societies. Falangism opposes
2013:
After the merger of the original
Falange with the Carlists in 1937 to form the new Falange (FET y de las JONS) that would serve as the sole political party of
3112:
1129:
2075:
1440:
2111:
3257:
3141:
858:, to form FET y de las JONS. This new Falange was meant to incorporate all Nationalist political factions and became the sole political party of
1926:". It has sought to unite Hispanic peoples through proposals to create a commonwealth or federation of Spanish-speaking states headed by Spain.
1920:
The
Spanish Falange and its Hispanic affiliates have promoted the cultural, economic and racial unity of Hispanic peoples around the world in "
1540:
138:
1793:
into Spain, and the new
Falange resulting from their unification in 1937 continued to do so. The Falange also advocated the incorporation of
306:
3183:
2964:
1762:
1518:
780:
3219:
3008:
3159:
1556:
3314:
3013:
408:
244:
3309:
913:
672:
542:
3367:
3195:
3030:
313:
983:. Some also state they lean more towards authoritarian conservativism. Scholarly sources reviewing Falangism place it on the
3080:
1115:
146:
3352:
3104:
3068:
1664:
1586:
1224:
1204:
1825:
designed to eliminate physical and psychological damage caused by pathogenic agents. Falangism did and still does support
3063:
2988:
1561:
300:
2010:
as illegal acts, while mirroring social democratic policies in supporting state jurisdiction over the setting of wages.
3084:
2936:
2921:
2727:
1417:
916:", declared Falangism to support the unity of Spain and the elimination of regional separatism, the establishment of a
1143:
3003:
2998:
1848:
1524:
189:
171:
109:
52:
2256:
2116:, 'Choirs and Dances' troupes. The Female Section enabled its leaders, women such as José Antonio's sister
327:
91:
3377:
1073:
851:
3089:
3262:
2957:
2318:
1914:
1755:
1464:
1229:
1122:
773:
339:
2510:. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press; London: University of Cambridge Press, 1965. p. 195.
2129:
1955:
1939:
1892:
824:
798:
602:
522:
429:
258:
3382:
3347:
3304:
3073:
1829:
policies to stimulate increased fertility rate among ideal physically and morally fit citizens. The section in
1669:
76:
1899:
outside areas of political issues. The
Falange's position was influenced by the fact of the small size of the
358:
3252:
2412:
2313:
2281:
1534:
1469:
1435:
1184:
1078:
512:
1838:
1806:, Franco in a communiqué with Germany on 26 May 1942 declared that Portugal should be made a part of Spain.
1360:
3043:
2064:
1383:
1150:
364:
2144:
2018:
1365:
1108:
562:
552:
2241:
2036:
because it bolstered the Francoist claim of the nonexistence of social classes in Spain during his rule.
1900:
690:
346:
1973:
The Falange's original manifesto, the "Twenty-Seven Points", called for a social revolution to create a
1033:
3284:
2950:
2433:
2261:
2251:
2209:
1748:
1639:
836:
766:
708:
381:
288:
38:
3362:
3342:
2993:
1596:
1474:
1189:
1169:
877:'s direct influence on Spanish society, since one of the tenets of the Falangist ideology holds that
333:
647:
224:
3372:
3357:
3094:
3053:
2266:
1856:
1798:
Falange called for reunification with Portugal and annexation of former Spanish territories in the
1712:
1546:
1529:
2657:
2199:
2179:
557:
3274:
3200:
3048:
2089:
1684:
1194:
898:
666:
572:
142:
87:
2408:"From National Catholicism to Romantic Love: The Politics of Love and Divorce in Franco's Spain"
2204:
632:
517:
3247:
3154:
2374:
Fascists and Conservatives: The Radical Right and the Establishment in Twentieth-Century Europe
1656:
1601:
1489:
1312:
352:
2154:
1694:
955:
The Spanish Falange and its affiliates in Hispanic states around the world promoted a form of
547:
3038:
2373:
2323:
2296:
2117:
2033:
902:
886:
607:
264:
2875:
965:
that advocated both the cultural and economic union of Hispanic societies around the world.
294:
3297:
2286:
2159:
1974:
1943:
1551:
1494:
1340:
1287:
1179:
1102:
1084:
1068:
1025:
929:
870:
713:
527:
467:
2246:
1958:
declared that "he State is founded on two principles—service to the united nation and the
387:
8:
3279:
2052:
1959:
1776:
1724:
1484:
1445:
1335:
1302:
1297:
1055:
1039:
973:
487:
482:
2591:
Stanley G. Payne. Fascism in Spain, 1923–1977. Univ of Wisconsin Press, 1999 pp. 330–331
2139:
2099:
1970:
economies for "enslaving the individual by handing control of production to the state."
1888:
1136:
1091:
820:
419:
251:
3337:
3292:
3268:
2291:
2093:
2003:
1909:
1674:
1611:
1209:
1097:
1017:
988:
984:
977:
969:
921:
627:
270:
206:
2833:
The Myth of Mondragón: Cooperatives, Politics, and Working-class Life in a Basque Town
2184:
612:
2973:
2932:
2917:
2723:
2447:
2308:
2189:
1782:
1634:
1591:
1424:
1174:
1062:
937:
928:, all attributes that it had in common with fascism. The manifesto also called for a
828:
718:
642:
617:
537:
438:
375:
320:
282:
2120:, who never married, to achieve prominent public roles while promoting family life.
637:
2437:
2276:
2169:
2164:
2149:
2105:
2104:, 'Female Section' instructed women to be good wives and mothers, teaching
1983:
1979:
1860:
1852:
1330:
1307:
1267:
1008:
945:
941:
855:
808:
369:
83:
829:
Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista
532:
3387:
3164:
2864:. Thousand Oaks, California,; London; New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2005. p. 634.
2174:
2134:
2014:
1991:
1967:
1896:
1818:
1799:
1644:
1499:
1252:
1214:
1199:
933:
924:
as a means to regenerate Spain, and promoting the revival and development of the
882:
874:
859:
840:
753:
597:
592:
446:
229:
2942:
2557:. Thousand Oaks, California; London; New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2005. p. 633.
1458:
2764:. Thousand Oaks, California; London; New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2005. p. 633
2720:
The Spanish Holocaust: Inquisition and Extermination in Twentieth-Century Spain
2229:
2224:
2040:
1951:
1830:
1689:
1679:
1247:
980:
925:
894:
863:
582:
577:
567:
477:
44:
2878:[The Female Section of the Falange. Speeches and practices in Madrid]
2442:
2407:
3331:
3188:
2682:
2451:
2429:
2214:
2056:
1995:
1629:
1292:
1262:
1219:
1355:
1345:
2600:
2271:
2219:
2194:
2080:
2060:
2048:
2044:
1904:
1803:
1736:
1350:
1257:
956:
917:
890:
739:
622:
587:
276:
2862:
The Encyclopedia of Politics: The Left and the Right, Volume 2: The Right
2762:
The Encyclopedia of Politics: The Left and the Right, Volume 2: The Right
2555:
The Encyclopedia of Politics: The Left and the Right, Volume 2: The Right
2029:
1834:
1430:
878:
2929:
Spanish fascism in the Franco era: Falange Española de las Jons, 1936–76
2702:. Cambridge: Press Syndicate of Cambridge University Press, 1995. p. 46.
748:
2022:
1922:
1877:
1864:
1282:
1277:
976:
as its "enemies", declaring itself to be neither left nor right, but a
961:
493:
3149:
3127:
2425:
1881:
1872:
1810:
1794:
909:
862:. The merger was opposed by some of the original Falangists, such as
2518:
2516:
2393:. Madison, Wisconsin, USA: Wisconsin University Press, 1999. p. 273.
1934:
1580:
94:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
3212:
3122:
2007:
1999:
1826:
1822:
1790:
1451:
793:
2876:"La Sección Femenina de Falange. Discursos y prácticas en Madrid"
2513:
2051:
in the name of anti-communism, resulting in Spain supporting the
1786:
847:
832:
472:
2377:. Reprinted edition. Oxon, England: Routledge, 1990, 2001. p. 10
831:(FET y de las JONS). Falangism has a disputed relationship with
825:
Falange Española de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista
2646:. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. pp. 190–191.
2385:
2383:
1842:
1814:
846:
The original Falangist party, FE de las JONS, merged with the
1987:
1479:
949:
816:
2380:
2043:. The Spanish Falange supported Spanish intervention during
2021:, declared national syndicalism to be fully compatible with
153:
3058:
2067:
to support the German war effort against the Soviet Union.
1606:
879:
the state should have the supreme authority over the nation
815:) was the political ideology of three political parties in
2914:
Spaniards and Nazi Germany: collaboration in the new order
2633:. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. p. 191.
2620:. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. p. 190.
2544:. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. p. 189.
1903:
at the time that did not favour the development of strong
2658:"Así eran los 'falangistas negros' de la Guinea Española"
2526:. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001. pp. 120–121.
2349:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2006. pp. 219–220.
2607:. BasicBooks, a division of HarperCollins, 1994. p. 857.
2362:. Madison: Wisconsin University Press, 1999. pp. 77–102.
2471:. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. p. 261.
2401:
2399:
1821:
spiritual regeneration. Some have nonetheless promoted
2570:. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2006. p. 26.
1966:
the machinery of bourgeois production," and denounced
2700:
Nationalism, Politics and the Practice of Archaeology
2822:. Madison: Wisconsin University Press, 1999. p. 281.
2809:. Madison: Wisconsin University Press, 1999. p. 299.
2796:. Madison: Wisconsin University Press, 1999. p. 298.
2714:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2396:
2028:
The Franco-era Falange supported the development of
1946:
as the alternative to both capitalism and communism
2972:
2772:
2770:
2705:
873:. However, it has held some secular views on the
819:that were known as the Falange, namely first the
3329:
2405:
2108:and cultivating the folk dances of Spain in its
2536:
2534:
2532:
2025:, drawing praise from the non-falangist right.
2767:
2463:
2461:
1809:Some of the Falangists in Spain had supported
283:Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las JONS
2958:
2109:
2097:
2083:before delivering food for the needy in 1937.
1756:
774:
2873:
2835:. State University of New York, 1996. p. 75.
2529:
2502:
2500:
1654:
999:
2874:Gahete Muñoz, Soraya (July–December 2015).
2458:
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2965:
2951:
2788:
2786:
2406:García-Fernández, Mónica (February 2022).
2341:
2339:
1763:
1749:
968:Falangism has attacked both the political
871:Roman Catholic religious identity of Spain
869:Falangism places a strong emphasis on the
781:
767:
16:Political ideology of the Falange Española
2856:
2854:
2497:
2441:
1557:1947 Spanish law of succession referendum
1541:Ley de Sucesión en la Jefatura del Estado
190:Learn how and when to remove this message
172:Learn how and when to remove this message
110:Learn how and when to remove this message
2846:World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia
2587:
2585:
2347:World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia
2074:
1933:
1895:, had little interest in addressing the
1847:
792:
409:Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista
307:Falange Española de las JONS (Auténtica)
245:Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista
152:Relevant discussion may be found on the
2916:, Columbia: Missouri University Press.
2783:
2655:
2649:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2422:The Contemporary European History Prize
2336:
914:Twenty-Six Point Program of the Falange
893:in society. Like fascism, Falangism is
3330:
2867:
2851:
2123:
2946:
2860:Rodney P. Carlisle (general editor).
2760:Rodney P. Carlisle (general editor).
2738:Walter Laqueur, Judith Tydor Baumel.
2582:
2553:Rodney P. Carlisle (general editor).
1530:Army Conscription and Replacement Law
2483:
1587:Francisco Franco National Foundation
1225:Assassination of Luis Carrero Blanco
944:with the exception of nationalizing
881:. Falangism emphasizes the need for
827:(FE de las JONS) and afterwards the
121:
59:
18:
2689:. Blackwell Publishing, 2004. p. 3.
2079:Sección Femenina volunteers do the
1789:both promoted the incorporation of
1562:1966 Spanish organic law referendum
314:Falange Española de las JONS (1976)
301:Vanguard Unionist Progressive Party
13:
1418:Art and culture in Francoist Spain
1116:Instituto Nacional de Colonización
543:Sancho Dávila y Fernández de Celis
14:
3399:
2302:
1986:facilities to prevent capitalist
1525:Law of Political Responsibilities
34:This article has multiple issues.
2742:. Yale University Press, p. 183.
1730:
1718:
1708:
1707:
1074:National Council of the Movement
1032:
1007:
747:
733:
223:
126:
64:
23:
2838:
2825:
2812:
2799:
2754:
2745:
2732:
2698:Philip L. Kohl, Clare Fawcett.
2692:
2676:
2636:
2623:
2610:
2594:
2573:
2560:
2547:
2469:A History of Fascism, 1914–1945
2319:Insubordinate movement in Spain
2070:
1990:. The manifesto also supported
1465:Gender roles in Francoist Spain
1230:Spanish transition to democracy
1144:Sindicato Español Universitario
1123:Instituto Nacional de Industria
347:Movimiento Falangista de España
42:or discuss these issues on the
2844:Cyprian P. Blamires (editor).
2474:
2365:
2352:
2345:Cyprian P. Blamires (editor).
2257:Falange Española Independiente
1670:Latin Bloc (proposed alliance)
328:Falange Española Independiente
1:
3368:Syncretic political movements
2656:Noguera, Jaime (2019-06-21).
2413:Contemporary European History
2329:
2314:Catalan independence movement
2282:National Radical Camp Falanga
1880:, particularly through their
1863:and other leading Nazis like
1535:Fundamental Laws of the Realm
1470:Motherhood in Francoist Spain
1436:Censorship in Francoist Spain
1185:Francoist concentration camps
1079:Spanish Syndical Organization
994:
265:Falanga National Radical Camp
2522:Stein Ugelvik Larsen (ed.).
2130:José Antonio Primo de Rivera
1956:José Antonio Primo de Rivera
1940:José Antonio Primo de Rivera
1929:
1893:José Antonio Primo de Rivera
1384:Economy of Spain (1939-1959)
1151:Servicio Exterior de Falange
799:Falange Española de las JONS
603:José Antonio Primo de Rivera
523:Nicasio Álvarez de Sotomayor
430:Falange Española de las JONS
259:Falange Española de las JONS
7:
3353:Far-right politics in Spain
2820:Fascism in Spain, 1923–1977
2807:Fascism in Spain, 1923–1977
2794:Fascism in Spain, 1923–1977
2391:Fascism in Spain, 1923–1977
2360:Fascism in Spain, 1923–1977
2242:List of Falangist movements
2235:
1915:Judeo-Masonic International
1837:into its ranks. In 1938 in
1665:Francoist language policies
691:List of Falangist movements
359:Unidad Falangista Montañesa
90:the claims made and adding
10:
3404:
2906:
2740:The Holocaust Encyclopedia
2434:Cambridge University Press
2262:Falangism in Latin America
2252:Bolivian Socialist Falange
2210:Gonzalo Torrente Ballester
2063:'s foreign legions on the
1839:Santa Isabel, Fernando Póo
1774:
1640:Lost children of Francoism
1519:Francoist electoral regime
1485:Revisionist historiography
1361:Torcuato Fernández-Miranda
1205:First Francoist government
920:led by the Falange, using
837:authoritarian conservative
709:Falangism in Latin America
382:Republican Social Movement
340:Falange Española Auténtica
289:Bolivian Socialist Falange
3275:Government during the war
3240:
3140:
3103:
3029:
3022:
2981:
2778:Spain: the gentle anarchy
2722:. London: HarperCollins.
2568:Spain during World War II
2524:Fascism Outside of Europe
2506:Hans Rogger, Eugen Weber.
2443:10.1017/S0960777321000515
2145:Ernesto Giménez Caballero
2019:Raimundo Fernández-Cuesta
1901:Jewish community in Spain
1597:National Alliance July 18
1366:Raimundo Fernández-Cuesta
1190:Spain during World War II
1170:Spanish coup of July 1936
1130:Fuerzas Armadas de España
1109:Tribunal de Orden Público
1000:Nationalism and racialism
563:Alfonso García Valdecasas
553:Raimundo Fernández-Cuesta
334:National Alliance July 18
2780:. Praeger, 1965. p. 124.
2687:Visigothic Spain 409–711
2267:Falangist Mountain Unity
1547:Organic Law of the State
513:Ángel Alcázar de Velasco
135:This article or section
3378:Totalitarian ideologies
3023:Political organizations
2912:Bowen, Wayne H. (2000)
2090:Second Spanish Republic
2039:Falangism is staunchly
1871:Franco praised Spain's
1725:Conservatism portal
1685:Second Spanish Republic
1394:Second Development Plan
1195:Spain and the Holocaust
908:The Falange's original
667:La Conquista del Estado
3258:Evacuation of children
3155:International Brigades
2110:
2098:
2084:
1960:cooperation of classes
1947:
1868:
1785:, the Falange and the
1655:
1602:National Union (Spain)
1490:Sociological Francoism
1399:Third Development Plan
1389:First Development Plan
948:facilities to prevent
932:economy and advocated
850:in 1937 following the
839:political movement in
812:
801:
648:Enrique Zóbel de Ayala
3383:Antisemitism in Spain
3348:Conservatism in Spain
2931:, London: Macmillan.
2927:Ellwood, S.M. (1987)
2718:Paul Preston (2012).
2664:(in Spanish). Público
2324:Spanish republicanism
2297:National Radical Camp
2200:Pedro Sainz Rodríguez
2078:
2034:Mondragon Corporation
1982:except nationalizing
1937:
1851:
1657:Euskadi Ta Askatasuna
796:
608:Pilar Primo de Rivera
558:Rafael García Serrano
139:synthesis of material
2642:Roger Griffin (ed).
2629:Roger Griffin (ed).
2616:Roger Griffin (ed).
2540:Roger Griffin (ed).
2480:Ellwood, pp. 99–101.
2287:National syndicalism
2205:Rafael Sánchez Mazas
2160:Ramiro Ledesma Ramos
1975:national syndicalist
1944:national syndicalism
1695:Valley of the Fallen
1650:Diplomatic relations
1552:Political Reform Act
1512:Laws and referendums
1495:Symbols of Francoism
1341:Carlos Arias Navarro
1288:National Catholicism
1103:General Police Corps
1085:Frente de Juventudes
1069:Council of the Realm
938:industrial expansion
930:national syndicalist
633:Rafael Sánchez Mazas
528:Juan Antonio Ansaldo
518:Martín Almagro Basch
468:National syndicalism
3253:Concentration camps
3142:Foreign involvement
2605:Franco: a biography
2420:(1, Special Issue:
2155:Pedro Laín Entralgo
2124:Falangist theorists
2053:Anti-Comintern Pact
1887:The founder of the
1882:Visigothic heritage
1857:Ramón Serrano Suñer
1777:Spanish nationalism
1446:Eagle of Saint John
1336:Luis Carrero Blanco
1303:Spanish nationalism
1298:Spanish irredentism
1056:Movimiento Nacional
1040:Eagle of Saint John
754:Politics portal
673:Twenty-Seven Points
548:José Luis de Arrese
483:Spanish nationalism
3285:Spanish Revolution
2818:Stanley G. Payne.
2805:Stanley G. Payne.
2792:Stanley G. Payne.
2508:The European Right
2389:Stanley G. Payne.
2371:Martin Blinkhorn.
2358:Stanley G. Payne.
2292:Philippine Falange
2094:universal suffrage
2085:
2057:sending volunteers
1948:
1913:claimed that "the
1869:
1675:Pact of Forgetting
1612:Spanish Solidarity
1210:Stabilization Plan
1098:Armed Police Corps
989:political spectrum
940:, and respect for
922:political violence
852:Unification Decree
802:
628:Julio Ruiz de Alda
573:José Antonio Girón
295:Phalange Française
277:Lebanese Phalanges
149:to the main topic.
143:verifiably mention
137:possibly contains
75:possibly contains
3325:
3324:
3136:
3135:
2974:Spanish Civil War
2776:Benjamin Welles.
2309:Basque separatism
2247:Falange Auténtica
2190:Dionisio Ridruejo
1783:Spanish Civil War
1773:
1772:
1635:Hispanic eugenics
1425:Cantos nacionales
1175:Spanish Civil War
1063:FET y de las JONS
791:
790:
719:Fascist symbolism
618:Dionisio Ridruejo
507:Notable adherents
439:Spanish Civil War
388:Falange Auténtica
376:La Falange (1999)
200:
199:
192:
182:
181:
174:
120:
119:
112:
77:original research
57:
3395:
3363:State ideologies
3343:Authoritarianism
3233:
3180:
3160:Non-intervention
3027:
3026:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2944:
2943:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2881:
2871:
2865:
2858:
2849:
2842:
2836:
2831:Sharryn Kasmir.
2829:
2823:
2816:
2810:
2803:
2797:
2790:
2781:
2774:
2765:
2758:
2752:
2749:
2743:
2736:
2730:
2716:
2703:
2696:
2690:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2653:
2647:
2640:
2634:
2627:
2621:
2614:
2608:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2580:
2577:
2571:
2566:Wayne H. Bowen.
2564:
2558:
2551:
2545:
2538:
2527:
2520:
2511:
2504:
2495:
2492:
2481:
2478:
2472:
2465:
2456:
2455:
2445:
2403:
2394:
2387:
2378:
2369:
2363:
2356:
2350:
2343:
2277:National Falange
2180:José María Pemán
2165:Leopoldo Lugones
2150:Carlos Ibarguren
2140:Álvaro Cunqueiro
2115:
2106:domestic economy
2103:
2100:Sección Femenina
1980:private property
1889:Falange Española
1861:Heinrich Himmler
1853:Francisco Franco
1765:
1758:
1751:
1737:Spain portal
1735:
1734:
1733:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1711:
1710:
1660:
1475:Francoist mottos
1331:Francisco Franco
1308:Spanish unionism
1268:Authoritarianism
1137:Cortes Españolas
1092:Sección Femenina
1036:
1011:
1004:
1003:
942:private property
934:agrarian reforms
856:Francisco Franco
821:Falange Española
783:
776:
769:
752:
751:
740:Spain portal
738:
737:
736:
451:
443:
435:
425:
420:Falange Española
415:
414:
370:National Falange
271:Falange Filipina
252:Falange Española
227:
202:
201:
195:
188:
177:
170:
166:
163:
157:
130:
129:
122:
115:
108:
104:
101:
95:
92:inline citations
68:
67:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3373:Totalitarianism
3358:Francoist Spain
3328:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3236:
3227:
3174:
3165:Nyon Conference
3132:
3099:
3018:
3014:List of battles
2977:
2971:
2909:
2904:
2903:
2893:
2891:
2879:
2872:
2868:
2859:
2852:
2843:
2839:
2830:
2826:
2817:
2813:
2804:
2800:
2791:
2784:
2775:
2768:
2759:
2755:
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2746:
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2733:
2717:
2706:
2697:
2693:
2681:
2677:
2667:
2665:
2654:
2650:
2641:
2637:
2628:
2624:
2615:
2611:
2599:
2595:
2590:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2565:
2561:
2552:
2548:
2539:
2530:
2521:
2514:
2505:
2498:
2493:
2484:
2479:
2475:
2467:Stanley Payne.
2466:
2459:
2404:
2397:
2388:
2381:
2370:
2366:
2357:
2353:
2344:
2337:
2332:
2305:
2238:
2185:Onésimo Redondo
2175:Leopoldo Panero
2135:Nimio de Anquin
2126:
2073:
2015:Francoist Spain
1992:criminalization
1968:state socialist
1938:Falange leader
1932:
1800:French Pyrenees
1779:
1769:
1731:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1700:
1699:
1645:Carlo-francoism
1625:
1617:
1616:
1575:
1567:
1566:
1513:
1505:
1504:
1500:Yoke and arrows
1459:El Generalísimo
1412:
1404:
1403:
1379:
1371:
1370:
1326:
1318:
1317:
1253:Anti-liberalism
1243:
1235:
1234:
1215:Spanish miracle
1200:First Francoism
1165:
1157:
1156:
1050:
1037:
1002:
997:
899:anti-democratic
883:total authority
875:Catholic Church
860:Francoist Spain
841:Francoist Spain
787:
746:
734:
732:
724:
723:
704:
696:
695:
686:
678:
677:
661:
653:
652:
613:Onésimo Redondo
598:Narciso Perales
593:Gustavo Morales
508:
500:
499:
463:
455:
454:
449:
447:Francoist Spain
441:
433:
423:
412:
406:
402:
394:
393:
239:
230:Yoke and arrows
228:
196:
185:
184:
183:
178:
167:
161:
158:
151:
141:which does not
131:
127:
116:
105:
99:
96:
81:
69:
65:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3401:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3248:Army of Africa
3244:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3222:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3181:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3157:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3109:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3035:
3033:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2970:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2937:978-0333415856
2925:
2922:978-0826213006
2908:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2886:(in Spanish).
2866:
2850:
2837:
2824:
2811:
2798:
2782:
2766:
2753:
2744:
2731:
2728:978-0002556347
2704:
2691:
2675:
2648:
2635:
2622:
2609:
2593:
2581:
2572:
2559:
2546:
2528:
2512:
2496:
2494:Bowen, p. 152.
2482:
2473:
2457:
2395:
2379:
2364:
2351:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2304:
2303:Anti-Falangism
2301:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2230:Pierre Gemayel
2227:
2225:Bachir Gemayel
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2125:
2122:
2112:Coros y Danzas
2096:to women. Its
2092:that provided
2072:
2069:
2041:anti-communist
1952:class conflict
1931:
1928:
1897:Jewish problem
1831:Spanish Guinea
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1727:
1715:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1690:Spanish Maquis
1687:
1682:
1680:Project Islero
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1626:
1624:Related topics
1623:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1421:
1413:
1410:
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1406:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1313:Traditionalism
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1248:Anti-communism
1244:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1059:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1029:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1013:
1012:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
981:third position
926:Spanish Empire
895:anti-communist
864:Manuel Hedilla
789:
788:
786:
785:
778:
771:
763:
760:
759:
758:
757:
743:
726:
725:
722:
721:
716:
711:
705:
703:Related topics
702:
701:
698:
697:
694:
693:
687:
684:
683:
680:
679:
676:
675:
670:
662:
659:
658:
655:
654:
651:
650:
645:
640:
638:Andrés Soriano
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
583:Ramiro Ledesma
580:
578:Manuel Hedilla
575:
570:
568:Pierre Gemayel
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
509:
506:
505:
502:
501:
498:
497:
490:
485:
480:
478:Third Position
475:
470:
464:
461:
460:
457:
456:
453:
452:
444:
436:
426:
416:
403:
400:
399:
396:
395:
392:
391:
384:
379:
372:
367:
365:National Front
362:
355:
353:National Union
350:
343:
336:
331:
324:
317:
310:
303:
298:
291:
286:
279:
274:
267:
262:
255:
248:
240:
237:
236:
233:
232:
220:
219:
211:
210:
198:
197:
180:
179:
134:
132:
125:
118:
117:
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3400:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
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3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3231:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3190:
3189:Condor Legion
3187:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3178:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3039:Popular Front
3037:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3021:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2968:
2963:
2961:
2956:
2954:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2889:
2885:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2857:
2855:
2847:
2841:
2834:
2828:
2821:
2815:
2808:
2802:
2795:
2789:
2787:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2763:
2757:
2751:Bowen, p. 20.
2748:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2701:
2695:
2688:
2684:
2683:Roger Collins
2679:
2663:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2639:
2632:
2626:
2619:
2613:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2588:
2586:
2576:
2569:
2563:
2556:
2550:
2543:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2525:
2519:
2517:
2509:
2503:
2501:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2477:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2402:
2400:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2376:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2355:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2335:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2215:Antonio Tovar
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2170:Eugenio d'Ors
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2121:
2119:
2114:
2113:
2107:
2102:
2101:
2095:
2091:
2082:
2077:
2068:
2066:
2065:Eastern Front
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1969:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1766:
1761:
1759:
1754:
1752:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1728:
1726:
1716:
1714:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1630:Blue Division
1628:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1574:Neo-Francoism
1571:
1570:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
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21:
20:
3298:White Terror
3267:
3241:Other topics
3117:
2928:
2913:
2894:17 September
2892:. Retrieved
2890:(2): 389–411
2887:
2883:
2869:
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2668:17 September
2666:. Retrieved
2661:
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2643:
2638:
2630:
2625:
2617:
2612:
2604:
2601:Paul Preston
2596:
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2476:
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2417:
2411:
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2372:
2367:
2359:
2354:
2346:
2272:Kataeb Party
2220:Samy Gemayel
2195:Luis Rosales
2086:
2081:Roman salute
2071:Gender roles
2061:Nazi Germany
2049:Soviet Union
2047:against the
2045:World War II
2038:
2032:such as the
2030:cooperatives
2027:
2012:
1972:
1964:
1949:
1921:
1919:
1908:
1905:antisemitism
1886:
1870:
1808:
1804:World War II
1780:
1579:
1539:
1517:
1457:
1450:
1423:
1416:
1351:Manuel Fraga
1272:
1258:Anti-Masonry
1180:White Terror
1149:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1090:
1083:
1061:
1054:
1038:
967:
960:
957:panhispanism
954:
918:dictatorship
907:
903:anti-liberal
868:
845:
804:
803:
797:Logo of the
745:
731:
665:
643:Óscar Únzaga
623:Luis Rosales
588:Charles Luca
538:Tomás Borrás
492:
428:
418:
407:
386:
374:
357:
345:
338:
326:
321:Fuerza Nueva
319:
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305:
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269:
257:
250:
243:
215:
214:
186:
168:
159:
136:
106:
97:
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
3280:Moscow gold
3228: [
3175: [
3105:Nationalist
2976:(1936–1939)
1835:Emancipados
1781:During the
1452:El Caudillo
1431:Cara al Sol
450:(1939–1975)
442:(1936–1939)
434:(1934–1937)
424:(1933–1934)
413:(1931–1934)
3332:Categories
3293:Red Terror
3128:Alfonsists
3118:Falangists
3031:Republican
2989:Background
2982:Chronology
2662:Strambotic
2330:References
2023:capitalism
1942:advocated
1923:hispanidad
1878:Aryan race
1873:Visigothic
1865:Karl Wolff
1775:See also:
1356:Blas Piñar
1346:Juan Yagüe
1283:Monarchism
1278:Militarism
995:Components
962:hispanidad
813:Falangismo
660:Literature
494:Hispanidad
84:improve it
39:improve it
3338:Falangism
3150:Comintern
3009:1938–1939
2452:1469-2171
2426:Cambridge
2008:employers
2000:employees
1930:Economics
1811:racialism
1802:. During
1795:Gibraltar
1592:New Force
1273:Falangism
1026:Francoism
985:far right
978:syncretic
959:known as
910:manifesto
887:hierarchy
805:Falangism
714:Francoism
216:Falangism
154:talk page
88:verifying
45:talk page
3289:Terrors
3269:Guernica
3213:Viriatos
3208:Portugal
3123:Carlists
2436:: 2–14.
2430:New York
2236:See also
2059:to join
2004:lockouts
1833:allowed
1823:eugenics
1819:Catholic
1791:Portugal
1787:Carlists
1713:Category
1242:Ideology
1018:a series
1016:Part of
972:and the
848:Carlists
462:Ideology
207:a series
205:Part of
3315:sidebar
3225:Belarus
3220:Ireland
3184:Germany
2907:Sources
2644:Fascism
2631:Fascism
2618:Fascism
2542:Fascism
1996:strikes
1867:in 1940
1411:Culture
1378:Economy
1164:History
987:of the
912:, the "
833:fascism
809:Spanish
473:Fascism
401:History
82:Please
3388:Racism
3310:navbox
2935:
2920:
2884:Arenal
2726:
2450:
1984:credit
1910:Arriba
1843:Malabo
1841:, now
1581:Búnker
1325:People
946:credit
901:, and
889:, and
147:relate
3305:Women
3263:Films
3232:]
3196:Italy
3179:]
2880:(PDF)
2118:Pilar
1988:usury
1859:with
1827:natal
1815:Nazis
1661:(ETA)
1480:No-Do
974:right
950:usury
891:order
817:Spain
685:Lists
3172:USSR
3113:CEDA
3069:PSUC
3064:PSOE
3059:POUM
3004:1937
2999:1936
2994:Coup
2933:ISBN
2918:ISBN
2896:2020
2724:ISBN
2670:2020
2448:ISSN
2428:and
2055:and
2002:and
1855:and
1607:23-F
1441:DGCT
970:left
3201:CTV
3095:PNV
3090:UGT
3085:FAI
3081:CNT
3054:PCE
3044:ERC
2438:doi
2424:).
2006:by
1998:by
1994:of
1962:".
854:of
145:or
86:by
3334::
3230:be
3177:ru
3074:UR
3049:IR
2888:22
2882:.
2853:^
2785:^
2769:^
2707:^
2685:.
2660:.
2603:.
2584:^
2531:^
2515:^
2499:^
2485:^
2460:^
2446:.
2432::
2418:31
2416:.
2410:.
2398:^
2382:^
2338:^
1954:.
1891:,
1884:.
1020:on
991:.
952:.
936:,
905:.
897:,
885:,
866:.
843:.
823:,
811::
209:on
48:.
3083:/
2966:e
2959:t
2952:v
2939:.
2924:.
2898:.
2672:.
2454:.
2440::
1764:e
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807:(
782:e
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187:(
175:)
169:(
164:)
160:(
156:.
113:)
107:(
102:)
98:(
80:.
55:)
51:(
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