290:
51:
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433:, or V2. The inferior orbital fissure lies inferior and lateral to the ocular globe at the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus. It is not as important in function, though it does contain a few branches of the maxillary nerve and the infraorbital artery and vein. Other minor structures in the orbit include the
204:
are situated. "Orbit" can refer to the bony socket, or it can also be used to imply the contents. In the adult human, the volume of the orbit is about 28 millilitres (0.99 imp fl oz; 0.95 US fl oz), of which the eye occupies 6.5 ml (0.23 imp fl oz;
609:
The lateral wall is formed by the frontal process of zygomatic and more posteriorly by the orbital plate of the greater wing of sphenoid. The bones meet at the zygomaticosphenoid suture. The lateral wall is the thickest wall of the orbit, important because it is the most exposed surface, highly
454:
729:. Injury to any one of these structures by infection, trauma or neoplasm can cause temporary or permanent visual dysfunction, and even blindness if not promptly corrected. The orbits also protect the eye from mechanical injury.
737:
In the orbit, the surrounding fascia allows for smooth rotation and protects the orbital contents. If excessive tissue accumulates behind the ocular globe, the eye can protrude, or become
773:, located superotemporally within the orbit, produces protrusion of the eye inferiorly and medially (away from the location of the lacrimal gland). Lacrimal gland may be enlarged from
298:
The orbits are conical or four-sided pyramidal cavities, which open into the midline of the face and point back into the head. Each consists of a base, an apex and four walls.
1044:
894:
706:. The superior ophthalmic vein is a sigmoidal vessel along the superior margin of the orbital canal that drains deoxygenated blood from surrounding musculature. The
342:, each of which contains structures that are crucial to normal eye functioning. The supraorbital foramen contains the supraorbital nerve, the first division of the
725:, which contains the optic nerve, or cranial nerve II, and is formed entirely by the lesser wing of the sphenoid, separated from the supraorbital fissure by the
156:
2232:
2247:
2242:
2237:
583:. Near the middle of the floor, located infraorbital groove, which leads to the infraorbital foramen. The floor is separated from the lateral wall by
545:, the most delicate bony structure in the skull, and one of the most commonly fractured bones in orbital trauma. The lacrimal bone also contains the
726:
132:
128:
518:, with its lesser wing forming the optic canal and its greater wing forming the lateral posterior portion of the bony orbital process, the
1654:
1325:
606:, and a small part of the body of the sphenoid. It is the thinnest wall of the orbit, evidenced by pneumatized ethmoidal cells.
1298:
1155:
Ference, E. H.; Smith, S. S.; Conley, D; Chandra, R. K. (2015). "Surgical anatomy and variations of the infraorbital nerve".
1023:
987:
Lieger, Olivier; Schaub, Manuel; Taghizadeh, Elham; BĂĽchler, Philippe (2019). "How
Symmetrical Are Bony Orbits in Humans?".
1139:
1451:
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is a crucial structure in the orbit, as it is often the only source of collateral blood to the brain in cases of large
618:
The base, orbital margin, which opens in the face, has four borders. The following bones take part in their formation:
564:
near the apex of the orbit. The orbital surface presents medially by trochlear fovea and laterally by lacrimal fossa.
1862:
1215:
1867:
1632:
1599:
1292:
1057:
Mehta, M. P.; Perry, J. D. (2015). "Medial orbital wall landmarks in three different North
American populations".
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1286:
808:) within the cone formed by the horizontal rectus muscles produce axial protrusion (bulging forward) of the eye.
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542:
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Dissection showing origins of right ocular muscles, and nerves entering by the superior orbital fissure
434:
17:
1100:
Bertelli, E; Regoli, M (2014). "Branching of the foramen rotundum. A rare variation of the sphenoid".
944:
503:
The bony walls of the orbital canal in humans do not derive from a single bone, but a mosaic of seven
1529:
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829:
in the rectus muscles. Development of Graves' ophthalmopathy may be independent of thyroid function.
815:
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2019:
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Tasman, W.; Jaeger, E. A., eds. (2007). "Embryology and
Anatomy of the Orbit and Lacrimal System".
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358:. Both foramina are crucial as potential pathways for cancer and infections of the orbit to spread
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331:
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80:
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35:
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Hatton, M. P.; Rubin, P. A. (2002). "The pathophysiology of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy".
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to structures at the orbital apex. It provides a pathway between the orbital contents and the
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This article is about the anatomical space that contains the eye. For other uses, see
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350:. The infraorbital foramen contains the second division of the trigeminal nerve, the
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429:, or V1. The second division of the trigeminal nerve enters the skull base at the
409:. It is a major pathway for intracranial communication, containing cranial nerves
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Galleries containing indiscriminate images of the article subject are discouraged
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541:. The ethmoid air cells are extremely thin, and form a structure known as the
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Cavity or socket of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated
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The movement of the eye is controlled by six distinct extraocular muscles, a
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0.22 US fl oz). The orbital contents comprise the eye, the
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339:
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952:"Orbit – Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary"
549:. The superior bony margin of the orbital rim, otherwise known as the
169:
2267:
1339:
1274:
56:
602:, as well as contributions from the frontal process of maxilla, the
826:
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The roof (superior wall) is formed primarily by the orbital plate
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This gallery of anatomic features needs cleanup to abide by the
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714:
579:. Medially, near the orbital margin, is located the groove for
253:
744:
567:
The floor (inferior wall) is formed by the orbital surface of
1206:(Seventh ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders. p.
986:
193:
99:
598:
The medial wall is formed primarily by the orbital plate of
1971:
377:, and sits at the junction of the sphenoid sinus with the
1154:
1045:
Encyclopædia
Britannica 2006 Ultimate Reference Suite DVD
665:
397:
to the optic canal, and is formed at the junction of the
197:
814:
may also cause axial protrusion of the eye, known as
1134:(6th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
859:; please improve or remove the gallery accordingly.
2305:
1197:
1202:Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease
1099:
1648:
1319:
1198:Kumar, V.; Abbas, A. K.; Fausto, N. (2005).
1125:
1123:
1039:
1037:
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1013:
354:or V2, and sits on the anterior wall of the
1295:at the University of Michigan Health System
1289:at the University of Michigan Health System
1230:
1655:
1641:
1326:
1312:
1056:
1043:"eye, human."Encyclopædia Britannica from
49:
1299:Interactive tutorial at anatome.ncl.ac.uk
1120:
1102:Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology
1032:
973:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
389:. The superior orbital fissure lies just
1333:
743:
732:
452:
294:3D model of orbit with surrounding bones
287:
717:, as it is a collateral pathway to the
499:(illustrated but not part of the orbit)
14:
2306:
1636:
1307:
1129:
1018:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
1283:at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
836:
832:
457:The seven bones that form the orbit:
1452:Levator palpebrae superioris muscle
421:which control eye movement via the
346:or V1 and lies just lateral to the
24:
610:vulnerable to blunt force trauma.
575:and the minute orbital process of
25:
2355:
1863:hiatus for greater petrosal nerve
1262:
664:The orbit holds and protects the
553:, is formed by the frontal bone.
425:, and the ophthalmic branches of
362:or other deep facial structures.
1868:hiatus for lesser petrosal nerve
926:
914:
905:
893:
881:
869:
841:
1224:
1191:
753:a. tear gland / lacrimal gland,
671:
537:, forms the medial wall of the
288:
1617:Suspensory ligament of eyeball
1148:
1093:
1050:
1007:
980:
964:
587:, which connects the orbit to
560:, and also the lesser wing of
13:
1:
1245:10.1016/S0896-1549(01)00004-9
938:
761:e. inferior lacrimal punctum,
755:b. superior lacrimal punctum,
448:
1427:Trochlea of superior oblique
1071:10.3109/01676830.2014.997394
721:. In addition, there is the
310:, or windows, two important
283:
7:
1873:sphenoidal emissary foramen
1132:Clinically Oriented Anatomy
763:f. inferior lacrimal canal,
759:d. tear sac / lacrimal sac,
757:c. superior lacrimal canal,
659:
439:posterior ethmoidal foramen
301:
262:lateral palpebral ligaments
10:
2360:
1277:– "Arterial Supply, Orbit"
675:
613:
240:, blood vessels, fat, the
29:
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1969:
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1940:
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1687:
1575:
1530:Accessory lacrimal glands
1505:
1462:Medial palpebral ligament
1442:
1392:
1346:
888:Medial wall of left orbit
571:, the orbital surface of
507:distinct structures: the
443:zygomatic orbital foramen
322:in the orbit. There is a
162:
150:
138:
122:
110:
98:
93:
88:
79:shown above the eye, and
48:
43:
2268:external acoustic meatus
2160:pterygomaxillary fissure
2063:Inferior orbital fissure
2047:inferior orbital fissure
1895:internal auditory meatus
1785:superior orbital fissure
1281:Anatomy photo:29:os-0501
1233:Ophthalmol Clin North Am
1130:Moore, Keith L. (2010).
975:Medical Subject Headings
791:adenoid cystic carcinoma
585:inferior orbital fissure
336:inferior orbital fissure
332:superior orbital fissure
306:There are two important
81:inferior orbital fissure
1887:Posterior cranial fossa
1434:Inferior oblique muscle
1422:Superior oblique muscle
852:medical manual of style
264:, cheek ligaments, the
36:Orbita (disambiguation)
2133:lesser palatine canals
2121:greater palatine canal
2101:sphenopalatine foramen
2068:Fossa for lacrimal sac
1689:Anterior cranial fossa
1407:Inferior rectus muscle
1402:Superior rectus muscle
816:Graves' ophthalmopathy
766:
529:which, along with the
500:
314:, or grooves, and one
295:
192:or socket/hole of the
164:Anatomical terminology
32:Orbit (disambiguation)
2288:petrotympanic fissure
2082:Pterygopalatine fossa
2038:Pterygopalatine fossa
1797:Pterygopalatine fossa
1664:Foramina of the skull
1412:Lateral rectus muscle
1016:Duane's Ophthalmology
995:(1): 118-125118-125.
765:g. nasolacrimal canal
747:
733:Clinical significance
698:rectus, as well as a
456:
293:
1903:stylomastoid foramen
1760:Middle cranial fossa
1417:Medial rectus muscle
921:Lateral orbit nerves
820:extracellular matrix
818:, due to buildup of
387:middle cranial fossa
328:infraorbital foramen
324:supraorbital foramen
278:short ciliary nerves
77:supraorbital foramen
2339:Human head and neck
2329:Otorhinolaryngology
2180:palatovaginal canal
2151:Infratemporal fossa
1823:Infratemporal fossa
1515:Lacrimal canaliculi
1293:Atlas image: rsa2p4
769:Enlargement of the
593:infratemporal fossa
423:extraocular muscles
381:, superomedial and
266:suspensory ligament
215:extraocular muscles
2273:mandibular foramen
1961:nasolacrimal canal
1740:olfactory foramina
1708:ethmoidal foramina
1507:Lacrimal apparatus
1287:Atlas image: eye_5
1169:10.1002/lary.25089
767:
501:
352:infraorbital nerve
296:
2319:Human eye anatomy
2301:
2300:
2256:
2255:
2233:foramen vomerinum
2188:
2187:
2076:
2075:
2015:zygomatic foramen
1921:hypoglossal canal
1881:
1880:
1787:(CN-III,IV,V1,VI)
1754:
1753:
1630:
1629:
1600:Plica semilunaris
1567:Nasolacrimal duct
1520:Lacrimal caruncle
1487:Palpebral fissure
1025:978-0-7817-6855-9
865:
864:
833:Additional images
708:ophthalmic artery
628:Inferior margin:
622:Superior margin:
581:nasolacrimal duct
547:nasolacrimal duct
379:ethmoid air cells
375:ophthalmic artery
178:
177:
173:
59:with surrounding
16:(Redirected from
2351:
2293:semilunar hiatus
2283:parietal foramen
2248:hiatus vomerinus
2243:fissura vomerina
2238:meatus vomerinus
2213:incisive foramen
2194:
2193:
2087:
2086:
1947:
1946:
1838:foramen spinosum
1806:foramen rotundum
1765:
1764:
1694:
1693:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1634:
1633:
1557:Lacrimal punctum
1552:Lacrimal papilla
1540:Ciaccio's glands
1328:
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1314:
1305:
1304:
1257:
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1157:The Laryngoscope
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1141:978-07817-7525-0
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719:circle of Willis
712:internal carotid
704:inferior oblique
648:Lateral margin:
543:lamina papyracea
431:foramen rotundum
371:cranial nerve II
344:trigeminal nerve
318:surrounding the
292:
274:ciliary ganglion
170:edit on Wikidata
167:
83:inferolaterally.
75:rectus muscles;
53:
41:
40:
21:
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2353:
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2208:incisive canals
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1965:
1936:
1932:mastoid foramen
1909:jugular foramen
1877:
1858:foramen lacerum
1846:
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1812:pterygoid canal
1790:
1750:
1724:
1683:
1661:
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1622:Tenon's capsule
1571:
1535:Krause's glands
1501:
1472:Meibomian gland
1467:Epicanthic fold
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1163:(6): 1296–300.
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989:Maxillofac Surg
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638:Medial margin:
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589:pterygopalatine
551:orbital process
505:embryologically
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427:cranial nerve V
356:maxillary sinus
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2278:mental foramen
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1963:
1957:
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1944:
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1934:
1929:
1927:condylar canal
1924:
1918:
1915:foramen magnum
1912:
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1659:
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1628:
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1625:
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1619:
1614:
1609:
1607:Orbital septum
1604:
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1602:
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1525:Lacrimal gland
1522:
1517:
1511:
1509:
1503:
1502:
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1499:
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1489:
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1479:
1477:Ciliary glands
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1364:Maxillary bone
1361:
1359:Zygomatic bone
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771:lacrimal gland
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481:Maxillary bone
476:Zygomatic bone
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360:into the brain
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2224:nasal cavity
2092:Nasal cavity
2014:
1998:infraorbital
1997:
1981:supraorbital
1980:
1952:Nasal cavity
1941:
1911:(CN-IX,X,XI)
1899:facial canal
1769:
1731:Nasal cavity
1707:
1698:
1562:Lacrimal sac
1374:Ethmoid bone
1354:Frontal bone
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775:inflammation
768:
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739:exophthalmic
736:
681:
678:Eye movement
672:Eye movement
663:
654:frontal bone
640:frontal bone
624:frontal bone
617:
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558:frontal bone
555:
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471:Ethmoid bone
461:Frontal bone
403:greater wing
364:
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185:
179:
133:A01.2.01.010
129:A02.1.00.067
104:
2199:oral cavity
2171:Nasopharynx
2112:Oral cavity
1779:optic canal
1595:Conjunctiva
1065:(2): 72–8.
806:optic nerve
749:Tear system
727:optic strut
723:optic canal
367:optic canal
340:optic canal
211:retrobulbar
94:Identifiers
55:Diagram of
2308:Categories
1612:Periorbita
957:2010-03-26
939:References
802:meningioma
523:inferiorly
497:Nasal bone
449:Bony walls
373:) and the
18:Eye socket
2025:-temporal
1718:posterior
1275:eMedicine
512:laterally
479:purple =
459:yellow =
383:posterior
284:Structure
244:with its
2138:foramina
1923:(CN-XII)
1713:anterior
1672:fissures
1253:12064074
1177:25992806
1114:25665284
1087:43317074
1079:25804299
1001:30243522
827:fibrosis
823:proteins
787:lymphoma
783:neoplasm
715:infarcts
700:superior
688:inferior
684:superior
660:Function
562:sphenoid
531:lacrimal
527:medially
469:brown =
464:green =
435:anterior
395:inferior
338:and the
312:fissures
308:foramina
302:Openings
213:fascia,
73:inferior
61:superior
2126:foramen
2020:-facial
2003:foramen
1991:foramen
1917:(CN-XI)
1834:(CN-V3)
1808:(CN-V2)
1781:(CN-II)
1588:Unibrow
1583:Eyebrow
1492:Canthus
1482:Eyelash
1394:Muscles
1338:of the
1185:5567574
804:of the
779:sarcoid
702:and an
696:lateral
644:maxilla
630:maxilla
614:Borders
600:ethmoid
569:maxilla
495:teal =
484:aqua =
474:blue =
405:of the
391:lateral
254:eyelids
207:orbital
188:is the
182:anatomy
117:D009915
89:Details
65:oblique
2056:other:
2008:groove
1851:other:
1742:(CN-I)
1680:hiatus
1678:, and
1676:meatus
1668:canals
1457:Tarsus
1444:Eyelid
1251:
1214:
1183:
1175:
1138:
1112:
1085:
1077:
1022:
999:
977:(MeSH)
876:Orbita
798:glioma
785:(e.g.
777:(e.g.
694:and a
692:medial
514:, the
489:red =
399:lesser
270:septum
258:medial
252:, the
236:, and
190:cavity
184:, the
105:orbita
69:medial
2314:Skull
2261:Other
1986:notch
1942:Orbit
1770:Orbit
1699:Orbit
1666:(and
1576:Other
1347:Bones
1336:orbit
1270:oph/2
1181:S2CID
1083:S2CID
1059:Orbit
971:Orbit
781:) or
686:, an
334:, an
326:, an
320:globe
316:canal
194:skull
186:orbit
168:[
157:53074
100:Latin
44:Orbit
1972:face
1334:The
1249:PMID
1212:ISBN
1208:1423
1173:PMID
1136:ISBN
1110:PMID
1075:PMID
1047:2009
1020:ISBN
997:PMID
825:and
800:and
690:, a
666:eyes
652:and
642:and
632:and
591:and
533:and
525:and
441:and
437:and
401:and
393:and
365:The
330:, a
276:and
260:and
250:duct
248:and
209:and
200:and
124:TA98
112:MeSH
71:and
34:and
2324:Eye
2222:to
2197:to
2169:to
2149:to
2110:to
2090:to
2036:to
1970:to
1950:to
1821:to
1795:to
1768:to
1729:to
1697:to
1340:eye
1273:at
1241:doi
1165:doi
1161:125
1106:119
1067:doi
793:).
789:or
411:III
246:sac
226:III
198:eye
180:In
152:FMA
145:469
140:TA2
57:eye
2310::
1674:,
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419:VI
417:,
415:IV
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280:.
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256:,
238:VI
232:,
230:IV
228:,
224:,
222:II
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234:V
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20:)
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