22:
147:
647:
330:
In 2010, based on the new 6,000 pages sedimentary and scientific evidence, India petitioned United
Nations for increasing Indian EEZ from 200 nautical miles to 350 nautical miles. Extension of EEZ from 200 to 350 nautical mile will almost double India's present EEZ. UNCLOS permits extension of EEZ
257:
dispute. In the past, UNCLOS has granted several contradicting claims while increasing the EEZ based on the evidence related to the length of continental shelf. These UNCLOS contradictions have resulted into overlapping EEZ claims by several nations competing for the resources in the expanded EEZ.
252:
species. Freedom of the navigation has become a cause of concern due to piracy. National security is also threatened by actions of China around Indian EEZ. Conflicting claims over EEZ by nations leads to disputes, such as India-Pakistan
838:
485:
465:
505:
339:(MoES) initiated an ongoing project in 1999 which was only 30% complete in 2018. A team of 60 scientists from several national institutes began undertaking multi-disciplinary studies on
229:
in this area. As per 2014 study, India exploits only 3.2 million tonnes per year marine fishery resources out of potential 3.92 million tonne in its coastal areas.
387:(GSI) and many universities. These studies also enhance the preparedness against environmental hazards and socio-economic well-being of people living in Coastal India.
153:: Conceptually related to EEZ, the historic Indian cultural influence expanded across Southeast Asia through numerous Indianized Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms along the
918:
867:
893:
763:
846:
221:
and other marine resources, freedom of navigation, international trade, national security, and strategic leverage over other nations. With 7,500 km
356:
457:
105:
112:
prohibiting fishing by foreign vessel within Indian EEZ without a license. Additionally, India has also enacted laws regulation the fishing and
603:
1102:
528:
398:
236:
by foreign vessels, freedom of navigation, transgression of foreign vessels into Indian EEZ, and conflicting claims are major issues in EEZ.
133:
1107:
372:
233:
1062:
376:
726:
477:
1052:
1047:
380:
953:
670:
1092:
1017:
972:
540:
445:
85:
225:
and an EEZ of over 2.3 million km, India has exclusive control over the resources in its EEZ including navigation of
1097:
1072:
1057:
1032:
789:
618:
572:
427:
81:
77:
1112:
1082:
1002:
987:
564:
897:
753:
1132:
1077:
1067:
1042:
1007:
997:
992:
982:
977:
1087:
1037:
1027:
1022:
497:
880:
237:
21:
371:. Scientists and researchers involved in the studies come from several institutes and universities, such as the
240:
is a major concern for all the nations. Studies have shown decline in fishing stocks and destruction of several
824:
595:
331:
beyond the usual 200 nautical miles limit, to a maximum of 350 nautical miles, if the evidence shows that
532:
368:
306:
270:
45:
384:
336:
1142:
1137:
946:
758:
438:
360:
340:
102:"Territorial Waters, Continental Shelf, Exclusive Economic Zone and Other Maritime Zones Act, 1976"
962:
675:
335:
extends beyond 200 nautical miles. For the integrated management and mapping of the EEZ, India's
244:
areas in Indian EEZ due to organized illegal poaching and fishing resulting in depletion of many
226:
113:
33:
88:. Based on new scientific data, India has petitioned United Nations to extend its EEZ from 200
613:
Thailand has treaty-defined maritime boundaries with India, Myanmar, Indonesia and
Malaysia.
364:
939:
626:
India's
Campbell Bay on Great Nicobar Island is 630 km from Malaysia's nearest island
599:
585:
560:
8:
839:"Kaladan Multi Modal Transit Transport Project to link sea route in Myanmar with Mizoram"
154:
129:
36:(EEZ) with a total size of 2,305,143 km (890,021 sq mi). It includes the
922:
680:
344:
262:
249:
245:
730:
332:
182:
685:
665:
660:
352:
218:
198:
607:
589:
514:
266:
292:
241:
110:"Maritime Zones of India (Regulation of fishing by foreign vessels) Act, 1981"
1126:
705:
402:
348:
222:
210:
186:
150:
141:
137:
125:
89:
49:
41:
931:
881:
The India
Directory, Or, Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies
652:
581:
553:
549:
518:
178:
584:
island north of
Camorta Island in Nicobar is 440 km from Thailand's
524:
296:
53:
37:
217:
An EEZ provides a nation greater access to oil, natural gas, minerals,
190:
174:
146:
69:
254:
206:
162:
158:
65:
868:
India starts construction of â‚ą1,600-cr
Mizoram-Myanmar Kaladan road
627:
166:
61:
57:
73:
202:
194:
273:
off-shore play the important role in protecting India's EEZ.
170:
29:
552:
is 135 km north of
Indonesia's northernmost territory
407:
Neighbouring EEZ of other nations from west to east are:
706:"Sea Around Us – Fisheries, Ecosystems and Biodiversity"
319:
2,305,143 square kilometres (890,021 sq mi)
301:
1,641,514 square kilometres (633,792 sq mi)
919:
Eyeing
Southeast Asia, India builds port in Indonesia
825:
The
Exclusive Economic Zone of the Seas around India
642:
311:
663,629 square kilometres (256,229 sq mi)
325:
745:
1124:
116:by Indian fishing vessels operating in the EEZ.
100:India legally defined the concept of EEZ in the
947:
529:Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project
399:History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia
134:History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia
961:
787:
373:National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research
276:
44:off the southwestern coast of India and the
894:"Rondo Island, The Rich Uninhabited Island"
565:strategic economic and military partnership
954:
940:
912:
836:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
783:
781:
698:
377:National Institute of Oceanography, India
56:. India's EEZ is bordered to the west by
523:India is developing Myanmar's strategic
145:
20:
751:
1125:
861:
807:
778:
381:National Institute of Ocean Technology
25:EEZs in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans
935:
873:
498:India–Bangladesh maritime arbitration
227:seafaring trade and transport vessels
157:, such as in Indonesia and Malaysia (
886:
390:
119:
104:. In June 1997, India also ratified
752:Sawhney, Pravin (30 January 2019).
458:Indo-Sri Lankan Maritime agreements
13:
766:from the original on 16 April 2019
729:. encyclopedia.com. Archived from
95:
14:
1154:
830:
788:Sunderarajan, P. (12 June 2011).
645:
559:India is developing Indonesia's
326:India's increased EEZ claim area
16:Economic zone exclusive to India
870:, Business Line, 17 April 2018.
790:"India hopes to double its EEZ"
754:"A watchtower on the high seas"
602:is 488 km from Thailand's
548:India's southernmost territory
533:India–Myanmar maritime boundary
238:Piracy in the Strait of Malacca
719:
478:India–Maldives maritime treaty
1:
691:
671:Disputed territories of India
517:is 40 km from Myanmar's
369:mineral resource availability
7:
638:
307:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
271:Andaman and Nicobar Command
46:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
10:
1159:
396:
385:Geological Survey of India
337:Ministry of Earth Sciences
123:
969:
277:India's existing EEZ area
108:. India also enacted the
1133:Exclusive economic zones
963:Exclusive economic zones
879:James Horsburgh, 1852,
837:Purushothaman, Vakkom.
676:Extreme points of India
265:near the shore and the
34:exclusive economic zone
606:(Racha Noi Island) in
341:geo-scientific mapping
214:
60:, to the south by the
26:
365:monsoon of South Asia
149:
32:has the 18th-largest
24:
600:Great Nicobar Island
232:Piracy, poaching or
40:island group in the
843:The Northeast Times
561:Sabang deepsea port
357:Himalayan tectonics
155:Maritime Silk Route
130:Maritime Silk Route
68:and to the east by
900:on 3 November 2012
827:, 24 January 2018.
733:on 27 January 2010
681:Geography of India
480:(Minicoy Island).
361:hydrology of India
263:Indian Coast Guard
219:commercial fishing
215:
27:
1120:
1119:
636:
635:
496:Resolved through
439:Sir Creek dispute
391:Neighbouring EEZs
333:continental shelf
323:
322:
242:marine ecological
120:Importance of EEZ
1150:
1143:Economy of India
1138:Borders of India
956:
949:
942:
933:
932:
926:
925:, 20 March 2019.
916:
910:
909:
907:
905:
896:. Archived from
890:
884:
877:
871:
865:
859:
858:
856:
854:
849:on 15 April 2012
845:. Archived from
834:
828:
822:
805:
804:
802:
800:
785:
776:
775:
773:
771:
749:
743:
742:
740:
738:
723:
717:
716:
714:
712:
702:
686:Outline of India
666:Borders of India
661:Climate of India
655:
650:
649:
648:
410:
409:
353:paleoclimatology
281:
280:
209:), and Myanmar (
1158:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1116:
965:
960:
930:
929:
917:
913:
903:
901:
892:
891:
887:
878:
874:
866:
862:
852:
850:
835:
831:
823:
808:
798:
796:
786:
779:
769:
767:
750:
746:
736:
734:
725:
724:
720:
710:
708:
704:
703:
699:
694:
651:
646:
644:
641:
608:Phuket Province
593:
590:Similan Islands
515:Landfall Island
476:Resolved under
456:Resolved under
405:
393:
328:
287:Area (km / mi)
279:
267:Indian Military
234:illegal fishing
144:
122:
98:
96:Legal framework
17:
12:
11:
5:
1156:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1103:United Kingdom
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
967:
966:
959:
958:
951:
944:
936:
928:
927:
923:Economic Times
911:
885:
872:
860:
829:
806:
777:
744:
718:
696:
695:
693:
690:
689:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
657:
656:
640:
637:
634:
633:
631:
624:
621:
615:
614:
611:
578:
575:
569:
568:
557:
546:
543:
537:
536:
521:
511:
508:
502:
501:
494:
491:
488:
482:
481:
474:
471:
468:
462:
461:
454:
451:
448:
442:
441:
436:
433:
430:
424:
423:
420:
417:
414:
392:
389:
327:
324:
321:
320:
317:
313:
312:
309:
303:
302:
299:
293:Mainland India
289:
288:
285:
278:
275:
269:'s integrated
193:), Indochina (
121:
118:
97:
94:
92:to 500 miles.
90:Nautical miles
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1155:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1108:United States
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
968:
964:
957:
952:
950:
945:
943:
938:
937:
934:
924:
920:
915:
899:
895:
889:
882:
876:
869:
864:
848:
844:
840:
833:
826:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
795:
791:
784:
782:
765:
761:
760:
755:
748:
732:
728:
727:"Lakshadweep"
722:
707:
701:
697:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
658:
654:
643:
632:
629:
625:
622:
620:
617:
616:
612:
609:
605:
601:
597:
591:
587:
583:
579:
576:
574:
571:
570:
566:
562:
558:
555:
551:
547:
544:
542:
539:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
520:
516:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
499:
495:
492:
489:
487:
484:
483:
479:
475:
472:
469:
467:
464:
463:
459:
455:
452:
449:
447:
444:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
429:
426:
425:
421:
418:
416:Dispute (Y/N)
415:
412:
411:
408:
404:
403:Indianisation
400:
395:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:sedimentology
346:
342:
338:
334:
318:
315:
314:
310:
308:
305:
304:
300:
298:
294:
291:
290:
286:
283:
282:
274:
272:
268:
264:
259:
256:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
230:
228:
224:
220:
212:
208:
205:), Thailand (
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
187:Gangga Negara
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
151:Greater India
148:
143:
142:Indianisation
139:
138:Greater India
135:
131:
127:
126:Coastal India
117:
115:
111:
107:
103:
93:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
50:Bay of Bengal
47:
43:
42:Laccadive Sea
39:
35:
31:
23:
19:
1012:
914:
902:. Retrieved
898:the original
888:
875:
863:
851:. Retrieved
847:the original
842:
832:
797:. Retrieved
793:
768:. Retrieved
757:
747:
735:. Retrieved
731:the original
721:
709:. Retrieved
700:
653:India portal
604:Ko Racha Noi
596:Campbell Bay
582:Tillangchong
554:Rondo Island
550:Indira Point
519:Coco Islands
406:
394:
345:physiography
329:
260:
231:
216:
179:Tarumanagara
109:
101:
99:
28:
18:
1063:Philippines
1053:North Korea
1048:New Zealand
759:The Tribune
531:. See also
527:as part of
525:Sittwe Port
493:Contiguous
473:Contiguous
453:Contiguous
435:Contiguous
297:Lakshadweep
54:Andaman Sea
38:Lakshadweep
1127:Categories
883:, Page 63.
692:References
486:Bangladesh
397:See also:
250:threatened
246:endangered
191:Langkasuka
175:Singhasari
124:See also:
70:Bangladesh
1093:Sri Lanka
1018:Indonesia
973:Australia
853:11 August
794:The Hindu
586:Ko Huyong
541:Indonesia
446:Sri Lanka
422:Comments
375:(NCPOR),
255:Sir Creek
223:coastline
207:Dvaravati
163:Majapahit
159:Srivijaya
114:fisheries
86:Indonesia
66:Sri Lanka
1098:Thailand
1073:Portugal
1058:Pakistan
1033:Malaysia
770:16 April
764:Archived
737:1 August
639:See also
628:Langkawi
619:Malaysia
594:India's
592:group).
580:India's
573:Thailand
513:India's
466:Maldives
428:Pakistan
419:Distance
383:(NIOT),
167:Kalingga
82:Malaysia
78:Thailand
62:Maldives
58:Pakistan
52:and the
1113:Vietnam
1083:Somalia
1003:Germany
988:Croatia
799:1 April
711:1 April
506:Myanmar
379:(NIO),
183:Pan Pan
74:Myanmar
48:in the
1078:Russia
1068:Poland
1043:Mexico
1008:Greece
998:France
993:Cyprus
983:Canada
978:Brazil
904:5 July
563:under
316:Total
203:Chenla
201:, and
195:Champa
140:, and
106:UNCLOS
1088:Spain
1038:Malta
1028:Japan
1023:Italy
1013:India
211:Pagan
199:Funan
171:Kutai
30:India
906:2020
855:2012
801:2017
772:2019
739:2012
713:2017
432:Yes
401:and
363:and
355:and
295:and
261:The
248:and
189:and
84:and
64:and
623:No
598:on
588:in
577:No
545:No
510:No
490:No
470:No
450:No
413:EEZ
284:EEZ
1129::
921:,
841:.
809:^
792:.
780:^
762:.
756:.
630:.
610:.
567:.
556:.
535:.
500:.
460:.
367:,
359:,
351:,
347:,
343:,
213:).
197:,
185:,
181:,
177:,
173:,
169:,
165:,
161:,
136:,
132:,
128:,
80:,
76:,
72:,
955:e
948:t
941:v
908:.
857:.
803:.
774:.
741:.
715:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
