550:, and the latter seems to have regarded Eustace as one of his supporters. Henry confirmed Eustace's gifts to his son William de Vescy and would recognise the latter's succession to his father's lands. After Henry's accession in 1154, Eustace attested to the new king's charters. Eustace died in July 1157 at the
411:. Allowances made to Eustace for the repair of the gate of Bamburgh Castle and the construction of fortifications at Tickhill and Knaresborough in Yorkshire are also recorded in this pipe roll. This and evidence of royal writs show that Eustace and Walter Espec had justiciar responsibility for the counties of
512:
In either 1144 or 1145, Eustace obtained from Ranulf a large honour with lands mostly in
Cheshire, Lancashire and Yorkshire, and gained the office of constable of Chester along with the status as chief counsellor in Ranulf's dominions. Earl Ranulf's patronage also seems to have gained Eustace a grant
480:
in August 1138, fighting for David in the second line with the men of
Cumbria and Teviotdale. The battle ended in defeat, and Eustace was wounded and fled to Alnwick in its aftermath, leaving his castle at Malton to be captured soon after. Despite the defeat of David, peace the following year brought
445:
claimed that certain "very intimate friends of Henry" had been against
Stephen from the beginning because of loyalty to Henry's daughter Matilda, and names Eustace's brother Pain as one of these, making it quite possible that Eustace had likewise never been on Stephen's side. However, they, just like
529:
to tighten their family's grip on the region. Eustace's position vis-à-vis
Stephen probably mirrored that of Ranulf, and like other pro-Matildans there was probably no permanent stabilisation of relations until the settlement between Stephen and Matilda in the winter of 1153. In the following year,
453:
of a new war. When David invaded northern
England, Eustace's castle of Alnwick was among those captured by David in the first two months of the year (though it was returned in March). Stephen relieved Eustace of control of Bamburgh Castle when he returned from his punitive invasion of Lothian early
446:
Eustace, did swear fealty to
Stephen after a short time. This capitulation meant that Stephen let them keep the honours and positions they had held under Henry, and Stephen is even found confirming the grants of Eustace's family between 1136 and 1138.
509:. Eustace was married to the sister of Ranulf's constable, William fitz William, and in 1143 or 1144 William died. This made Eustace's wife and her sister Matilda joint heiress to the lands and offices of William, who was childless.
193:, Eustace made his career serving Henry I, and was elevated by the king through marriage and office into one of the most important figures in the north of England. Eustace acquired a great deal of property in the region, controlled
485:
becoming Earl of
Northumbria and Huntingdon, and under the rule of Earl Henry, Eustace regained many of his Northumberland possessions and received other lands in the earldom of Huntingdon. When a succession dispute for the
260:(Payne) and William, and it is thought that Pain—whose career was as successful as Eustace's—was probably the eldest. Eustace likely did not inherit much from his father but instead depended on success as a royal servant.
454:
in 1138. It has been claimed that
Eustace must have gone over to David's side by the end of 1137 when David invaded northern England. There is no proof, however, that Eustace had switched allegiance at this point.
637:, Archbishop of York. Eustace witnessed two of Earl William's charters between 1150 and 1153, and obtained land from him. Eustace's name appears on coins minted at York, a city under the control of the earl.
263:
Eustace is witnessing royal charters from at least 1119, but may have been at Henry's court as early as 1114. Through Henry's patronage, Eustace married two heiresses, both of whom brought him lands.
256:
owning estates in Essex and
Norfolk. The family was not of exalted origin, representing the middle rank of society. Eustace had two known sisters, Agnes and Alice. He also had two brothers,
616:(also Yorkshire) around the same time. Later tradition held that Eustace founded these houses in penance for fighting alongside the Scots, but there is no original evidence for this.
392:
basin and was one of the two largest baronies in the county, holding between 14 and 17 knight's fees by 1166, nearly three times the size of the average lordship in the county.
801:
Mason, "Pain fitz John"; in many respects, Eustace's career in the north paralleled that of his brother Pain in the south-west of
England; Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", p. 360
461:
in May, Eustace tried to persuade him to besiege Bamburgh Castle instead. Eustace had had a long association with the Scottish king, or at least with his Norman follower
381:
1533:
1466:
1403:
283:
in Yorkshire previously belonging to Ranulf de Mortimer (died 1104). Although it has often been claimed that this marriage brought Eustace the lordship of
501:
Eustace's number of known associations with David and Henry after 1144 is small, appearing only as a witness to one charter of Earl Henry issued at
1518:
373:
449:
Matilda was supported by her uncle King David of Scotland, and he did not accept Stephen's succession peacefully. Thus Eustace was placed in the
1307:
Dalton, Paul (1996), "Eustace Fitz John and the Politics of Anglo-Norman England: The Rise and Survival of a Twelfth-Century Royal Servant",
240:, through whom he gained even more land. Eustace subsequently founded three religious houses and died on a campaign with Henry II in 1157.
457:
After David crossed back into Northumberland in April 1138, Eustace became one of David's active supporters, and during David's siege of
232:
temporarily to David, while Bamburgh was taken by Stephen. Eustace became a supporter of David, fighting and suffering defeat at the
360:
Eustace had thus emerged as one of the key players in Henry's reordering of Northumbrian society following the destruction of the
630:
1363:
526:
342:
236:
in 1138. He maintained most of his lands in the north, however, and from around 1144 became one of the main followers of
1447:
1384:
1298:
1280:
1262:
368:, Eustace was one of the "three mainstays of Henry's new regime in the North", the other two being Walter Espec and
613:
466:
291:, this was probably a separate gift from the king. Eustace's marriage to Beatrix occurred sometime before 1130.
1543:
505:
at some point between 1150 and 1152. Around 1144 Eustace seems to have entered a beneficial relationship with
1523:
1293:, Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought, 4th Series, xxvii, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1456:
Tout, T. F.; Dalton, Paul (2008). "Eustace fitz John (d. 1157), justice and baron". In Dalton, Paul (ed.).
514:
318:
683:
Beatrix is recorded to have died in childbirth. Eustace married, secondly, Agnes de Halton, daughter of
372:. In Northumberland he is known to have commanded authority over at least ten local notables, including
625:
506:
482:
237:
435:, to whom Eustace submitted. Stephen's seizure of the throne was contested by Henry I's daughter, the
279:
in Northumberland. He probably received, in addition, land in Lincolnshire as well as five-and-a-half
1548:
1257:, Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought; 4th Series, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
676:
325:. Eustace would gain control of many other sub-tenancies, held from a number of lords, including the
288:
629:, jointly with a William Fossard. Eustace's patronage of the Gilbertines was probably influenced by
1538:
1351:
710:
672:
521:) of fourteen knight fees worth of estates in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, with townships along the
518:
377:
182:
644:, report that Eustace had only one eye; however, this is likely to be a reference to his father,
284:
1528:
597:
495:
491:
477:
361:
233:
525:. This was probably part of the attempts of the earl and his half-brother the Earl of Lincoln
577:
388:. Eustace's barony of Alnwick stretched across the potential Scottish invasion routes of the
1513:
695:
679:
between 1157 and 1170, and would become the ancestor of the Northumberland de Vescy family.
166:
117:
89:
8:
547:
487:
369:
217:
186:
1340:
1332:
684:
620:
432:
334:
326:
302:
190:
178:
1443:
1380:
1359:
1344:
1324:
1294:
1276:
1258:
706:
585:
535:
1471:
1408:
1316:
738:
668:
657:
645:
566:
465:, as Eustace's name appears as a witness to David's charter recording the grant of
462:
330:
314:
264:
249:
221:
174:
128:
112:
99:
1490:
1427:
1072:, p. 82; Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", p. 370; Tout and Dalton, "Eustace fitz John"
294:
The other marriage, which also occurred before 1130, was to Agnes daughter of the
1372:
705:), married Aubrey de Lisours, daughter of Robert de Lisours by Aubrey, sister of
688:
641:
551:
470:
436:
408:
365:
354:
338:
322:
280:
213:
194:
85:
589:
562:, where on a campaign with Henry against the Welsh he was ambushed and killed.
441:
272:
225:
1475:
1412:
1377:
The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and Its Transformation, 1000–1135
1046:
Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", pp. 367–370; Tout and Dalton, "Eustace fitz John"
1507:
1458:
1395:
1393:
Mason, J. F. A. (2008). "Pain fitz John (d. 1137), baron and administrator".
1328:
717:
609:
605:
581:
458:
416:
350:
257:
253:
229:
141:
72:
68:
64:
1435:
661:
634:
593:
574:
565:
Eustace fitz John was remembered as a great monastic patron. He patronised
522:
498:; and in 1143, Eustace helped negotiate a truce between the two claimants.
404:
268:
198:
906:, p. 99; Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", pp. 363–64 for a more extensive list
1160:
Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", p. 380; Tout and Dalton, "Eustace fitz John"
1094:
Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", p. 371; Tout and Dalton, "Eustace fitz John"
823:
Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", p. 359; Tout and Dalton, "Eustace fitz John"
570:
389:
310:
209:
1336:
601:
559:
555:
450:
412:
32:
502:
407:, and had custody of the former capital of the Northumbrian earldom,
400:
396:
385:
306:
295:
202:
1320:
346:
713:), and had issue. He became ancestor of a second line of de Lacys.
212:, the warfare between the supporters of Stephen and his rival the
431:
The death of Henry I on 1 December 1135, led to the accession of
299:
276:
170:
248:
Eustace's family came from the southeast of England. His father
742:
596:. Two years later, Eustace turned his favours to the order of
36:
531:
420:
208:
After Henry I's death in 1135, Eustace became involved in
546:
Eustace had a good relationship with Stephen's successor
716:
Geoffrey fitz Eustace, named as his son in a charter of
1291:
Conquest, Anarchy and Lordship. Yorkshire, 1066–1154
814:, pp. 96–97; Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", pp. 359–60
656:
Eustace fitz John married twice. His first wife was
423:
and conveying instructions from central government.
399:, for 1129–30, shows that Eustace served jointly as
1085:, pp. 140–44.; Tout and Dalton, "Eustace fitz John"
305:, and this eventually brought Eustace more land in
1457:
1394:
530:Eustace attested a charter King Stephen issued at
490:erupted in 1141, Eustace supported the pro-David
364:in the late 11th century. According to historian
1505:
691:through this marriage. They had two known sons;
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
709:(another baron captured by Earl Ranulf at the
419:, and Yorkshire, a role that involved hearing
1356:Henry I: King of England and Duke of Normandy
1226:
1224:
1138:
1136:
985:
983:
955:
953:
951:
1470:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1407:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1059:, p. 81; Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", p. 367
885:
883:
881:
853:, p. 98; Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", p. 362
788:Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", p. 359; Green,
439:, who had been Henry's designated heir. The
1534:English military personnel killed in action
1315:(2), Medieval Academy of America: 358–383,
758:
243:
1455:
1255:The Monastic Order in Yorkshire, 1069–1215
1221:
1133:
980:
948:
252:was a tenant-in-chief who appeared in the
1440:David I : The King Who Made Scotland
1358:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1121:Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", pp. 362, 372
878:
584:, as a daughter-house of England's first
189:. From a relatively humble background in
998:Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", pp. 366–367
341:, and in Henry's reign he held lands at
1519:12th-century English military personnel
1467:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1460:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1404:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1397:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1371:
1275:, Harlow: Longman / Pearson Education,
1273:The Reign of King of Stephen, 1135–1154
1218:Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", pp. 375–79
1209:Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", pp. 375–76
1187:Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", pp. 374–75
1151:Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", pp. 379–80
1130:Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", pp. 372–73
977:Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", pp. 366–68
321:. Both landholdings were held from the
1506:
1306:
1288:
1270:
1252:
1103:Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", p. 371–72
671:(d. 1184), married Burga, daughter of
1392:
1350:
651:
580:. In 1147, he founded his own abbey,
1434:
779:Tout and Dalton, "Eustace fitz John"
216:, the latter led by Matilda's uncle
1239:Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", p. 373
1230:Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", p. 374
1178:Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", p. 375
1169:Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", p. 380
1142:Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", p. 379
1112:Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", p. 372
989:Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", p. 366
968:Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", p. 360
959:Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", p. 365
862:Dalton, "Eustace Fitz John", p. 362
541:
13:
1501:12th-century Anglo-Norman nobleman
82:Lord of Alnwick, Malton and Watton
14:
1560:
675:, and had issue. William was the
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287:, a former royal manor in the
1:
1245:
699:
517:(the earl's captive from the
1491:UK public library membership
1428:UK public library membership
752:
646:John "Monoculus" FitzRichard
619:He founded Watton, scene of
7:
640:Several sources, including
10:
1565:
1379:, London: Croom Helm Ltd,
660:, daughter and heiress of
626:De Sanctimoniali de Wattun
507:Ranulf II, Earl of Chester
267:, daughter and heiress of
238:Ranulf II, Earl of Chester
197:, and served jointly with
147:William fitzJohn (brother)
1253:Burton, Janet E. (1999),
677:sheriff of Northumberland
608:in Yorkshire and another
395:Henry I's only surviving
289:North Riding of Yorkshire
271:, brought him control of
134:
124:
108:
95:
78:
59:
51:
43:
25:
18:
724:
673:Robert III de Stuteville
403:of the north along with
244:Origins and early career
481:David victory, his son
382:Robert II de Umfraville
1271:Crouch, David (2000),
598:Gilbert of Sempringham
573:house, as well as the
496:William de Ste Barbara
478:Battle of the Standard
476:Eustace fought at the
370:King David of Scotland
362:earldom of Northumbria
234:Battle of the Standard
1544:People of The Anarchy
1476:10.1093/ref:odnb/9614
1413:10.1093/ref:odnb/9615
1289:Dalton, Paul (1994),
1070:Reign of King Stephen
1057:Reign of King Stephen
1022:Reign of King Stephen
834:Reign of King Stephen
631:William, Earl of York
600:, in 1150 founding a
578:Priory of Bridlington
469:to Robert, issued at
177:during the reigns of
90:Knaresborough Castles
1524:12th-century Normans
737:The other being the
696:Richard fitz Eustace
612:(with a nunnery) at
167:Constable of Chester
118:Richard fitz Eustace
1373:Kapelle, William E.
687:. He inherited the
488:bishopric of Durham
353:from the king as a
44:Cause of death
1442:, Stroud: Tempus,
836:, p. 164; Dalton,
685:William fitz Nigel
652:Marriage and issue
621:Ailred of Rievaulx
527:William de Roumare
415:, Northumberland,
327:Archbishop of York
303:William fitz Nigel
275:and the barony of
191:South East England
102:(died before 1130)
1489:(Subscription or
1426:(Subscription or
1365:978-0-521-59131-7
711:Battle of Lincoln
707:Ilbert II de Lacy
586:Premonstratensian
536:Pontefract Priory
519:Battle of Lincoln
224:. He surrendered
169:, was a powerful
163:Eustace fitz John
160:
159:
120:(Agnes of Halton)
52:Years active
20:Eustace fitz John
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689:barony of Halton
669:William de Vesci
658:Beatrix de Vesci
567:Gloucester Abbey
542:Death and legacy
515:Roger de Mowbray
463:Robert I de Brus
433:Stephen de Blois
331:Bishop of Durham
315:Northamptonshire
265:Beatrix de Vesci
250:John fitzRichard
222:King of Scotland
175:northern England
129:John fitzRichard
113:William de Vescy
100:Beatrix de Vescy
47:Killed in battle
16:
15:
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552:Battle of Ewloe
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437:Empress Matilda
429:
409:Bamburgh Castle
366:William Kapelle
355:tenant-in-chief
339:count of Aumale
335:Nigel d'Aubigny
323:earl of Chester
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214:Empress Matilda
195:Bamburgh Castle
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104:Agnes FitzNigel
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442:Gesta Stephani
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374:John FitzOdard
313:as well as in
273:Alnwick Castle
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226:Alnwick Castle
205:of the North.
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66:
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62:
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29:November 1157
28:
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17:
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1416:. Retrieved
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523:river Humber
511:
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405:Walter Espec
394:
359:
293:
269:Ivo de Vesci
262:
247:
207:
199:Walter Espec
162:
161:
55:1119 to 1157
1514:1157 deaths
1024:, pp. 73–74
703: 1163
588:monastery,
575:Augustinian
571:Benedictine
459:Wark Castle
427:The Anarchy
311:Bridlington
210:the Anarchy
63:Founder of
1508:Categories
1493:required.)
1430:required.)
1246:References
741:barony of
604:priory at
602:Gilbertine
560:Flintshire
556:Basingwerk
451:front line
413:Cumberland
343:Aldborough
319:Loddington
285:Old Malton
33:Flintshire
1481:6 January
1418:6 January
1345:155189020
1329:0038-7134
941:Kapelle,
915:Kapelle,
832:Crouch,
753:Citations
503:Corbridge
473:in 1124.
467:Annandale
401:justiciar
397:pipe roll
386:Redesdale
307:Yorkshire
296:constable
203:justiciar
144:(brother)
135:Relatives
115:(Beatrix)
96:Spouse(s)
1438:(2004),
1375:(1979),
1354:(2006),
1309:Speculum
1200:, p. 137
1196:Burton,
1068:Crouch,
1055:Crouch,
1020:Crouch,
945:, p. 198
932:, p. 317
919:, p. 199
904:Conquest
902:Dalton,
891:Conquest
889:Dalton,
873:Conquest
871:Dalton,
851:Conquest
849:Dalton,
838:Conquest
812:Conquest
810:Dalton,
792:, p. 244
548:Henry II
494:against
384:lord of
378:Embleton
376:lord of
347:Tickhill
337:and the
187:Henry II
109:Children
86:Bamburgh
1337:2865417
1083:David I
1035:David I
1009:David I
930:Henry I
928:Green,
893:, p. 99
875:, p. 97
840:, 97–98
790:Henry I
739:Balliol
300:Chester
277:Alnwick
183:Stephen
179:Henry I
171:magnate
1487:
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1327:
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1081:Oram,
1033:Oram,
1007:Oram,
743:Bywell
614:Watton
610:priory
606:Malton
417:Durham
125:Parent
1341:S2CID
1333:JSTOR
725:Notes
554:near
483:Henry
471:Scone
421:pleas
390:Tweed
218:David
79:Title
37:Wales
1483:2009
1444:ISBN
1420:2009
1381:ISBN
1360:ISBN
1325:ISSN
1295:ISBN
1277:ISBN
1259:ISBN
633:and
569:, a
532:York
380:and
349:and
258:Pain
228:and
185:and
88:and
71:and
26:Died
1472:doi
1409:doi
1317:doi
698:(d.
623:'s
592:in
558:in
513:by
317:at
309:at
298:of
201:as
173:in
1510::
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1339:,
1331:,
1323:,
1313:71
1311:,
1223:^
1135:^
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700:c.
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35:,
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720:.
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