European dragon - Knowledge

1200: 293:, a cave that identifies it as an ancient creature of earth. Dragons have been mentioned in European literature since antiquity. The dragon was also mentioned explicitly in Viking mythology, such as with the dragon Fafnir. Sigurd can defeat this dragon by digging a pit and then lying in wait. When the dragon creeps over the pit, Sigurd pierces its heart with the sword, slaying it. This concept is also seen in various other dragon stories. In many portrayals of the European dragon, it is shown as a greedy beast who wanted wealth and other valuables. In Viking mythology, Fafnir began as a dwarf but got so greedy that he transformed into a dragon to protect his hoard. In the story of Beowulf, the ultimate quest of the Geatish hero begins when a dragon awakes after a thief steals a cup of gold from it. 615: 129: 2061: 336: 1457: 628: 1008:. After it ate a young shepherd, the people were forced to placate it by leaving two sheep as sacrificial offerings every morning beside the lake where the dragon lived. Eventually, the dragon ate all of the sheep and the people were forced to start offering it their own children. One day, the king's own daughter came up in the lottery and, despite the king's pleas for her life, she was dressed as a bride and chained to a rock beside the lake to be eaten. Then Saint George arrived and saw the princess. When the dragon arrived to eat her, he stabbed it with his lance and subdued it by making the sign of the cross and tying the princess's 969: 1839: 1704: 1477: 1688: 2208: 1976: 1532: 1727: 1231:. The female dragon represents harsh weather and is the destroyer of crops, the hater of mankind, and is locked in a never-ending battle with her brother. The male dragon protects the humans' crops from destruction and is generally benevolent to humanity. Fire and water play major roles in Bulgarian dragon lore: the female has water characteristics, while the male is usually a fiery creature. In Bulgarian legend, The drakons are three-headed, winged beings with snake's bodies. 306: 4698: 1652: 757: 1672: 1595:) is an enormous serpent-like creature with four legs and a pair of wings, or rarely, a two-legged creature with a pair of wings, called a wyvern. As in many other parts of the world, the dragon's face may be like that of some other animal, such as a lion or a bull. As is common elsewhere, Catalan dragons are fire-breathers, and the dragon-fire is all-consuming. Catalan dragons also can emit a fetid odor, which can rot away anything it touches. 2147: 1119: 25: 1104: 2356: 909:

eat the princess, Saint George stabbed the beast with his lance and subdued it by making the sign of the cross and tying the princess's girdle around its neck. Saint George and the princess led the now docile dragon into the town and George promised to kill it if the townspeople would convert to Christianity. All the townspeople converted and Saint George killed the dragon with his sword. The narrative was first set in

369: 1746: 1199: 527:,) a band of travelers ask a shepherd for refreshments. The shepherd asks why they care about refreshments in such a place. An old man asks the travelers if they can help get his son from a well; one of them goes to help. When he does not return to the group, they go search for him. They find a monstrous dragon eating the said man from the group while the old man was nowhere to be seen. 2053:). In 1582 a fire destroyed the gate. At that time the walls had fallen into disuse, for this reason the gate and the surrounding wall have never been rebuilt. The serpent, become dragon, was retained as informal symbol of Madrid until the 19th century, when it was decided to incorporate the dragon in the coat of arms. The dragon then turned into a 1190:

It is said that a very old snake can transform into an ala. Some depictions of alas are confusingly said to have the bodies of women. Other alas look like dragons. The number of heads on an ala may vary. Alas are enemies of the zmeys and it is sometimes said in south Slavic folklore that thunder is a

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Sea serpents are also called orms in Nordic languages, wyrms in Old English and worms in Middle English. These "dragons" are usually evil, much like dragon-like creatures of Greece and other dragons of Continental Europe; however, there are exceptions, and many do not want to go to battle unless they

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around its neck. Saint George and the princess led the now docile dragon into the town and George promised to kill it if the townspeople would convert to Christianity. All the townspeople converted and Saint George killed the dragon with his sword. In some versions, Saint George marries the princess,

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had a tale of slaying a dragon and saving a princess. While this story is pre-Christian, Saint George is what made it popular. The actual Saint George died in 303 A.D.. His story is about taming and slaying a dragon that demanded a sheep and a human virgin sacrifice every day. When the dragon went to

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and modern fiction. In the modern period and late medieval times, the European dragon is typically depicted as a huge fire-breathing, scaly, and horned lizard-like creature, with wings (usually leathery bat-like, sometimes feathered), two or four legs, and a long muscular tail. It is sometimes shown

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image of a dragon developed in western Europe during the Middle Ages through the combination of the snakelike dragons of classical Graeco-Roman literature, references to Near Eastern dragons preserved in the Bible, and European folk traditions including descriptions and drawings of animals named as

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arrived in Umbria and freed the population of Fornole from the ferocity of the dragon, pacifying the dragon. Grateful for his deed, the population built a small church dedicated to the saint on the top of the mountain near the dragon's lair in the 13th century. In the apse of the church there is a

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and claimed that it could mesmerise people with its glance, so the young man who decided to kill the beast equipped himself with a shiny shield, so that the dragon's glance would be reflected. When the young man arrived at the cave where the dragon lived, he could kill it easily because the dragon

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from about 1260. It has two pairs of wings and two pairs of legs to go with them, and a tail longer than most modern depictions of dragons, but it clearly displays many of the same distinctive features. Otherwise four-legged dragons are not seen until the fifteenth century, for instance in Lambeth

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holiday. The fighting has a symbolic meaning: when the coca defeats Saint George the crops will be bad and there will be famine and death; when Saint George defeats the coca and cuts off her tongue and ears, the crops will have a good year and it announces prosperity. Still, she is called "saint"

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to 1 AD. Some suggest that the native Britons of Europe may have brought the dragon with them when they migrated to Britain before the Roman age. The earliest known use of the dragon by the Celts appear in swords and sheaths in the 4th century BC. One example found in Britain is an early Iron Age

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bite, and poisonous breath; all of these indicate a snake-like form and movement rather than with a lizard-like or dinosaur-like body as in later depictions, and no legs or wings are mentioned (although it is able to fly); however it shows several dragon features that later became popular: it

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genre, however, there has been a trend of originally depicting dragons in a positive light: as allies instead of enemies, the red dragon of Wales, and the brother dragon of Poland. Dragons are increasingly viewed as friends of humans and as highly intelligent and noble creatures, while still

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in the Middle Ages. One day, a young and brave knight of the noble House of Cittadini, tired of witnessing the death of his fellow citizens and the depopulation of Terni, faced the wyvern and killed it. From that day, the town assumed the creature in its coat of arms, accompanied by a Latin

849:, who immediately begin fighting. Merlin delivers a prophecy that the white dragon will triumph over the red, symbolizing England's conquest of Wales, but declares that the red dragon will eventually return and defeat the white one. This story remained popular throughout the 15th century. 642:

in diverse styles and is presumed to have derived from ancient folklore of the Middle East and Greece which is serpent-like. Both the Greeks and the Romans considered the serpent to be a guardian spirit, represented on their altars. Western Celtic peoples were familiar with dragons in the

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Wyverns are usually evil in Italy, and there are many stories of wyverns being slain. Dragons also trick demons in Italian legends. The legend of Saint George and the wyvern is well known in Italy, but other saints are also depicted fighting wyverns. For instance, the first bishop of

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as "a great dragon, flaming red, with seven heads and ten horns". Much of St John's literary inspiration is late Hebrew and Greek, but his dragon is more likely to have symbolized the dragons from the Near East. In the Roman Empire, each military cohort had a particular identifying

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she carried irritated the hydra's innards. The Golden Legend, in an atypical moment of scepticism, describes this last incident as "apocryphal and not to be taken seriously" (trans. Ryan, 1.369), which did not prevent the legend from being popular and getting artistic treatments.

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Dragons are generally depicted as having an underground lair or cave, or living in rivers. They are envisioned as greedy and gluttonous, with voracious appetites. Dragons are often identified with Satan, due to the references to Satan as a "dragon" in the Book of Revelation.

706:, or a snake with two pairs of lizard-type legs, and breathing fire from their mouths. This traces back to the continental dragon, commonly referred to as a fire-breathing dragon. The continental, like many other European dragons, has bat-like wings growing from its back. 947:". A cockatrice is supposedly born when a serpent hatches an egg that has been laid on a dunghill by a rooster, and it is so venomous that its breath and its gaze are both lethal to any living creature, except for a weasel, which is the cockatrice's mortal enemy. A " 870:

and the dragon vanished. In some versions of the story, she is swallowed by the dragon alive and, after making the sign of the cross in the dragon's stomach, emerges unharmed - or in another version, after a physical cross she carried irritated the dragon's innards.

943:" (with two legs). In myths, wyverns are associated with viciousness, envy, and pestilence, but in heraldry, they symbolise the overthrowing of the tyranny of Satan and his demonic forces. Late medieval heraldry also distinguished a dragon-like creature known as a " 1346:. Their number of heads ranges from one to seven or sometimes even more, with three- and seven-headed Zmeys being most commonly cited. The heads also regrow if cut off, unless the neck is "treated" with fire (similar to the hydra in Greek mythology). 2112:

Mr. Mainwaring-Ellerker-Onslow's house was represented by a sea-dragon. This dragon is normal, in today's standards, for half its body and the other half has no hind legs and a large end of the tail. This is closer to the Chinese model of dragons.

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filled with gold and treasure and is often associated with a great hero who tries to slay it. Though a winged creature, the dragon is generally to be found in its underground lair, a cave that identifies it as an ancient creature of earth.

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and its equivalents in vernacular languages, which occurred in oral and written literature, including in classical literature. This led to the depiction in this literature of "modern-type" dragons, whose features are described below.

841:, but the tower keeps being swallowed into the ground. Merlin informs Vortigern that underneath the foundation he has built is a pool with two dragons sleeping in it. Vortigern orders the pool to be drained, exposing a 685:

During the early Middle Ages, European culture was largely out of contact with classical literature for centuries. During this time there was a gradual change in the usual mental image of the "dragon", i.e. the Latin

672:. Discovery of Celtic dragon-pairs in the Thames suggests that links existed between Britain and the rest of the Celtic world in the decades around 300 B.C. Evidence in coins also show Celticised dragons in 50–45 BC. 939:. Originally, heraldic dragons could have any number of legs, but, by the late Middle Ages, due to the widespread proliferation of bestiaries, heraldry began to distinguish between a "dragon" (with four legs) and a " 267:-like creature; the creature also has leathery, bat-like wings, four legs, and a long, muscular prehensile tail. Some depictions show dragons with one or more of: feathered wings, crests, ear frills, fiery manes, 647:

wore Celtic decorations with motifs of dragons on them during the Roman invasion. There is also archaeological evidence that the continental Celts used brooches and pins in the form of a dragon during the

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Barber, Elizabeth Wayland, and Paul T. Barber. "Fire-Breathing Dragons." In When They Severed Earth from Sky: How the Human Mind Shapes Myth, 231–44. PRINCETON; OXFORD: Princeton University Press, 2004.

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filled with sulphur and tar. After devouring it, the dragon became so thirsty that it finally exploded after drinking too much water. In the oldest, 12th-century version of this fantasy tale, written by

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promised that, if the people would build a church, he would rid them of the dragon. Romanus slew the dragon and its severed head was mounted on the walls of the city as the first gargoyle.

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with one or more of a crest, a fiery mane, ivory spikes running down its spine, and various exotic colourations. Dragon's blood often has magical properties. The typical dragon protects a

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mythology are either male or female, and each gender has a different view of mankind. The female dragon and male dragon, often seen as sister and brother, represent different forces of

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types of snakes but inaccurately drawn with wings and/or legs. The period between the 11th and 13th centuries represents the height of European interest in dragons as living creatures.

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inscription: "Thyrus et amnis dederunt signa Teramnis" ("Thyrus and the river gave their insignia to Terni"), that stands under the banner of the town of Terni, honoring this legend.

1991:, there are many examples of dragons as heraldic symbols (particularly “dragantes”: two opposing dragon faces biting some figure). Dragons were introduced as heraldic symbols by King 2340: 996:

is recorded as early as the sixth century AD, but the earliest artistic representations of it come from the 11th century and the first full account of it comes from an 11th-century

2425:. The books are set in a fictional Viking world and focus on the experiences of protagonist Hiccup as he overcomes great obstacles on his journey of Becoming a Hero, the Hard Way. 1857:'s. Dragons are traditionally depicted with tongues ending in a barbed tip; recent heraldry depicts their tails as ending with a similar barb, but this trait originated after the 1149:, "the red dragon"). Early Welsh writing associates dragons with war leaders, and in legend, Nennius, in Historia Birttonum, tells of a vision of the red dragon (representing the 2259:, European-type dragons are often depicted without front legs, and, when on the ground, standing and walking pterosaur-fashion on their back feet and the wrists of their wings. 452:, with large, gaping jaws of silver and with the rest of the body formed of colored silk. With the jaws facing into the wind, the silken body inflated and rippled, resembling a 2981: 1350:

is so poisonous that Earth itself will refuse to absorb it. In Bulgarian mythology these "dragons" are sometimes good, opposing the evil Lamya /ламя/, a beast similar to the

2334: 1423:. A metal sculpture of the Wawel Dragon is a well-known tourist sight in Kraków. The Wawel Dragon appears in the coat of arms of the Polish princes, the Piasts of Czersk. 2123: 1960:

In continental European heraldry, the term "dragon" covers a greater variety of creatures than it does in British systems, including creatures such as the wyvern, the

3936: 2236:, the first and last serpent, that, in his newly coined legend, would arise again some time in the future bringing the rebirth of an independent republic for the 2086:

the incorporation of the dragon crest of the royal coat of arms in its municipal coat of arms, in gratitude for the support given to him by the city during the

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seems to be where the English got their figure of a dragon. It is represented as a traditional one with scales, four legs, wings, sharp teeth, and horns.

1703: 475:. e.g. Deuteronomy (32:33), Job (30:29), Psalms (73:13, 90:13 & 43:20), Isaiah (13:21, 27:1, 34:13 & 43:20), Jeremiah (9:11), and Malachi (1:3). 3454: 611:

The Celtic dragon may have developed from a horned and poisonous and/or fire breathing snake. It is mostly a snake that is transformed into a monster.

3735: 1651: 2532: 2057:, and the griffin disappeared from the coat of arms in 1967, although the heraldic dragon remains carved in stone in many monuments around the city. 3784: 274:

In folktales, dragon's blood often contains unique powers, keeping them alive for longer or giving them poisonous or acidic properties. The typical

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popular from late medieval times through the 17th century often represent the dragon as an emblem of greed. The prevalence of dragons in European

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Stein, Ruth M. "The Changing Styles in Dragons—from Fáfnir to Smaug." Elementary English 45, no. 2 (1968): 179–89. www.jstor.org/stable/41386292.

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In British heraldry, dragons are depicted as four-legged, distinguishing them from the two-legged wyvern. They always possess wings similar to a

1762:, was said to have killed a wyvern to save the city, so he is often depicted in the act of slaying a wyvern. Likewise, the first patron saint of 2712: 1572:, the Basque male god, is often associated with the serpent or dragon but can take other forms as well. His name can be read as "male serpent". 2345: 2729: 4712: 2492: 2243:

Dragons have long been portrayed in modern times as greedy treasure-hoarders, lusting for gold and precious gems. In such stories as

569:, but with its size and strength greatly exaggerated so that it can kill an elephant by constricting its neck; this battle between a 166: 286:. An evil dragon is often associated with a great hero who tries to slay it, and a good one is said to give support or wise advice. 1920: 1191:

product of alas and zmeys fighting. Alas are considered evil or malevolent, while zmeys are usually considered good or benevolent.

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Classical European dragons are often described as illuminating the air. This is often taken by Christian writers as a metaphor for

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in western England, which too bore a dragon, or a wyvern, as a symbol. The Wessex beast is usually colored gold in illustrations.

1907:(who were of Welsh origin). Queen Elizabeth, however, preferring gold, changed the color of the dragon supporter from red to gold 3914:

Malone, Michael S. The Guardian of All Things: The Epic Story of Human Memory. New York City, New York: St. Martin's Press, 2012.

3844: 3563: 3695: 951:" is a serpent with the head of a dragon at the end of its tail that is born when a toad hatches an egg that has been laid in a 4763: 89: 3854: 3834: 3794: 3705: 3685: 3472: 3111: 3038: 2800: 2773: 61: 3614: 664:. Two other swords and scabbards (also from the bottom of the river Thames) are thought to include a dragon pair from the 3933: 3514: 2252:

remaining the fearsome beasts of legend. They are frequently shown as guardians and close friends of individual humans.

763:, a medieval bestiary dated to around 1260 AD, contains the oldest recognizable image of a fully modern, Western dragon. 4758: 3814: 3715: 2790: 2497: 1223:

hold mixed temperaments towards humans. For example, Drakons (дракон, змей, ламя, (х)ала; dracon, zmey, lamya, ala) in

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used as waterspouts on buildings. One medieval French legend holds that, in ancient times, a fearsome dragon known as

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In relatively recent additions to the image of a dragon, the tongue and the tail ended with a barb. The house of the

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incorporates the old Porto municipal coat of arms with the dragon crest; this is why the dragon was adopted as the

42: 2763: 2214:'s fire-breathing dragon animatronic. Removed in 2014 due to high maintenance costs and its drying-out rubber skin 614: 3588: 75: 2437:

is set in a dragon-dominant world where five dragonets must complete a prophecy to end a twenty-year-long war.

1770:, was a wyvern-slayer, and a statue representing his slaying of the wyvern still tops one of the two columns in 128: 4773: 2705: 2375:

that depicts an archetypical Western European dragon protecting a treasure from getting stolen by the public.

2172: 1749:"Saint Silvestro resurrects two magicians, and the Fornole dragon", Vernio Bardi Chapel, Santa Croce (Florence) 46: 3824: 3406: 2348:

is based on an actual legend of the Welsh Borders, which tells that the last great dragon is asleep under the

4805: 4783: 2709: 2487: 2477: 1512: 783:, dragon-like creatures and dragons in Christian literature are usually portrayed as evil, except mainly in 57: 2433: 2392: 2030: 1671: 1645:

is also represented in Portuguese mythology and used to take part in celebrations during the Middle Ages.

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are intelligent, but not greatly so, often demanding tribute from villages or small towns in the form of

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series depicts dragons as noble and kind beasts, having the ability to marry and reproduce with humans.

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in the north of Spain. It usually lives in a cave, guards treasures and keeps nymph-like beings called

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and thrown back into her cell, is said to have been confronted by a monstrous dragon, but she made the

363: 316: 4925: 4920: 4861: 1954: 1888: 1790: 1588: 1576: 1136: 1050:. The Germanic stories of lindworms have them guarding a treasure hoard. The lindworm Fafnir guarded 820: 449: 1710: 627: 335: 4930: 4889: 4846: 4768: 3678:

Carving Gargoyles, Grotesques, and Other Creatures of Myth: History, Lore, and 12 Artistic Patterns

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full of ancient treasure. The treasure was cursed and brought ill to those who later possessed it.

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was famously said to have had two gold dragons crowned with red standing back-to-back on his royal

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The crest of the Lancashire family have a crest of the wyvern without wings and the tail knotted.

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In England, a rampant red dragon (clutching a mace) is still the heraldic symbol of the county of

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Scobie, Alex (July 1977). "An Ancient Greek Drakos-Tale in Apuleius' Metamorphoses VIII, 19-21".

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is a legendary creature that resembles a wingless dragon or serpent. The most famous lindworm in

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Palace Library MS 6, depicting the fight between a white and a red dragon from Arthurian legend.

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to gold and ermine. There may be some doubt of the Welsh origin of the dragon supporter of the

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frequently includes dragons, and people who can change between human shape and dragon shape.

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The Duke of Marlborough uses a wyvern sitting erect upon its tail with its claws in the air.

1950: 1861:. During and before this era, dragons were always depicted with tails ending in a blunt tip. 767:

An early image of a "modern-style" Western dragon appears in an illustration in the bestiary

82: 3757: 4851: 4633: 4600: 3658: 3589:"La misteriosa leyenda del dragón que formó parte del escudo de Madrid durante tres siglos" 3488: 2378: 2302: 2079: 2075: 1924: 1403: 1131: 814: 716: 188: 3450: 1408: 1069:

feel threatened. These serpents are limbless and wingless. The most famous sea serpent in

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Nickel, Helmut (1989). "Of Dragons, Basilisks, and the Arms of the Seven Kings of Rome".

2320: 2289: 2105:’s image of a dragon does no such thing, with the tail being long and pointy. The German 2064: 1980: 1865: 1786: 1618:), a female dragon-like creature with two prominent breasts, two claws, two wings and an 1327: 1289: 1112: 859: 557: 510:, a multiple-headed serpentine swamp monster killed by Heracles, is said to be a dragon. 3489:"Ślady recepcji legend arturiańskich w heraldyce Piastów czerskich i kronikach polskich" 3237:

Herman, Alexander B.; Paoletti, John (2004). "Re-Reading Jackson Pollock's "She-Wolf"".

2232:, a romantic myth creator of the 19th century, fused these myths in his own creation of 1460:

Statue of the Armenian god Vahagn the Dragon Slayer choking a dragon in Yerevan, Armenia

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as a big and very long wingless snake, drawn rather fancifully, surrounding the scene.

631: 495: 400: 263:, the European dragon is typically depicted as a large, fire-breathing, scaly, horned, 216: 146: 2593:

Kiessling, Nicolas K. (1970). "Antecedents of the Medieval Dragon in Sacred History".

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Roman dragons developed from serpentine Greek ones, combined with the dragons of the

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by a nine-year-old cockatrice. Like the cockatrice, its glare is said to be deadly.

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Another poem tells of another dragon that lived near the village of Fornole, near

1334:), is generally an evil, four-legged beast with few, if any, redeeming qualities. 742: 4894: 4732: 4542: 4412: 4322: 4237: 4204: 3940: 3884: 3871:, vol. 6, New York City, New York: Robert Appleton Company, pp. 453–455 2954: 2722: 2482: 2422: 2409: 2207: 1798: 1630: 1531: 1485: 1476: 1367: 1070: 1043: 1022: 932: 894: 738: 695: 531: 479: 289:

Though a winged creature, the dragon is generally to be found in its underground

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While this is comparatively rare to have, two cockatrices are the supporters to

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in the earliest sources of the 11th and 12th centuries. The later 13th-century

788: 644: 519: 507: 4560: 4472: 2997: 2029:, a dragon. This dragon has its origin in a dragon, or a serpent according to 1622:'s beak. Dracs, Víbries and other mythological figures used to participate in 1074: 256:", showing that in his time the two words probably could mean the same thing. 4914: 4590: 4487: 4462: 4360: 4355: 4302: 4159: 4104: 4028: 3258: 3005: 2349: 2026: 1975: 1904: 1536: 1380: 1297: 1214: 1203: 1145: 1108: 1005: 915: 897:

once each year to appease its hunger. Then, in around 600 AD, a priest named

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from Viking-age Sweden, around 1030, depicts events related in the Old Norse

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Gosden, Christopher; Crawford, Sally; Ulmschneider, Katharina (2014-08-29).

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https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Pliny_the_Elder/home.html

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The red dragon features on, and is the name of, the national flag of Wales (

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Mythology in the Middle Ages: Heroic Tales of Monsters, Magic, and Might

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There is a legend that a dragon dwelled in the Peña Uruel mountain near

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Celtic sword that features two opposing dragons, queried to be from the

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More prevalent are the legends about dragons in Italy, particularly in

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Dragons are usually shown in modern times with a body more like a huge

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Drager, mellom myte og virkelighet (Dragons: between myth and reality)

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holds that a dragon kept pillaging the sheep of the town of Silene in

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to kill it, but only once did God agree to accompany him in person.

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mesmerised itself. This legend is very similar to the Greek myth of

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is a crest comes from the families of Barret, Crespine, and Lownes.

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coca just as George is called saint, and the people cheer for her.

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is a series of twelve children's books, written by British author

1995:, who used a dragon on his helmet to show that he was the king of 1755: 4565: 4497: 4467: 4457: 4345: 4282: 4252: 4247: 4209: 4074: 4033: 2550:

Wallace, Howard (1948). "Leviathan and the Beast in Revelation".

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of the shield of the arms of Portugal. In the 19th century, King

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since at least the 14th century. Later, two wyverns were used as

2054: 1968:. In German heraldry, the four-legged dragon is referred to as a 1420: 1389: 1347: 1150: 1051: 862:, a virgin martyr who, after being tortured for her faith in the 834: 711: 589: 442: 414: 398:

was a classic representation of a Near Eastern dragon. St John's

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breathed fire, flew, lived underground, and collected treasure.

459:

Several personifications of evil or allusions to dragons in the

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Fifteenth-century manuscript illustration of the battle of the

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spikes running down its spine, and various exotic decorations.

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Fantastic stories were invented in the Middle Ages to explain

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Dragon in a granite Relief (14th century). San Anton Museum (

1393: 1384:, the Dragon of Wawel Hill. It supposedly terrorized ancient 1255: 890: 886: 810: 730: 405: 278:

in Christian culture protects a cavern or castle filled with

268: 3742:, Leiden, The Netherlands and Boston, Massachusetts: Brill, 3612: 3273: 3146: 3144: 2850:"Y Ddraig yn Nychymyg a Llenyddiaeth y Cymry c.600 – c.1500" 2247:, the theft of such treasure sparks a dragon's fury. In the 4094: 3930:

excerpts from Greek sources, illustrations, lists and links

3335: 3304: 2022: 1678: 1591:. Like most mythical reptiles, the Catalan dragon (Catalan 1535:

Illumination in a 12th-century manuscript of a letter from

1520: 1506: 1426:

Other dragon-like creatures in Polish folklore include the

1343: 1272: 1161:. A version of this particular legend also features in the 1086: 1082: 565:

as a big constricting snake found in India, presumably the

279: 202: 3945: 3849:, New York City, New York and London, England: Routledge, 3786:

The Guardian of All Things: The Epic Story of Human Memory

3762:, New York City, New York and London, England: Routledge, 3649:"Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles, (28 Feb. 1871–19 May 1928)", 3187: 2788: 2226:

demonstrates that there is more to the dragon than greed.

1891:, the red dragon of Wales on the flag originated with the 1496:, or Cuelebre, a giant winged serpent in the mythology of 4109: 3928:

Theoi Project website: Dragons of Ancient Greek Mythology

3208: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3141: 1854: 3806:

St George: Knight, Martyr, Patron Saint and Dragonslayer

3680:, Petersburg, Pennsylvania: Fox Chapel Publishing Inc., 3131: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3123: 1809:. One of the most famous wyverns of Italian folklore is 1797:

in the shape of a hydra, but she escaped alive when the

1785:

According to the Golden Legend, compiled by the Italian

3846:

Storytelling: An Encyclopedia of Mythology and Folklore

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In Scandinavian and continental Germanic folklore, the

885:

had been causing floods and sinking ships on the river

573:

and an elephant is repeated with much embellishment in

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parti per fess Argent and Vert; a dragon Gules passant

3570:(in Spanish). decir dragón era casi decir ‘de Aragón’ 3347: 3165: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3120: 2296:

Many of these modern ideas were first popularised by

1558:, meaning "last serpent". The most famous legend has 1437: 506:

out of revenge for Python tormenting his mother. The

3218: 3076: 3064: 1934:. The county once formed part of the early medieval 1693:

Cucafera during the "Festa Major de Santa Tecla" in

1633:

is a female wyvern that battles Saint George on the

1492:

Iberian dragons are almost always evil, such as the

1000:

text. The most famous version of the story from the

540:(book 8, chapters 11 & 13) describes the Indian 244:

lines 163–201, describing a shepherd battling a big

3736:"Politics and the Occult in the Court of Edward IV" 3380: 3359: 3316: 3175: 3054: 3052: 3050: 49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3934:The History of Europe's Medieval Dragons and Times 3156: 2037:in the arch of a gate of the disappeared walls of 1830:fresco representing the iconography of the saint. 1153:) and the white dragon (representing the invading 3886:The Warrior Saints in Byzantine Art and Tradition 3399: 1016: 4912: 3694:Fee, Christopher R. (2011), Chance, Jane (ed.), 3615:"Madrid: El dragón alado en el escudo de Madrid" 3530: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3047: 2768:. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 31. 1782:, is also frequently depicted slaying a wyvern. 3789:, New York City, New York: St. Martin's Press, 3700:, Praeger Series on the Middle Ages, ABC-CLIO, 2323:also depicted sympathetic dragon characters in 1174: 958: 486:, a hundred-headed dragon, guarded the tree of 3236: 1983:. The city is also known as 'the Swamp Dragon' 1733:, alabaster with traces of gilding, Toulouse, 429:military standard entered the Legion with the 3961: 3809:, Edison, New Jersey: Chartwell Books, Inc., 3713: 3521: 3310: 3298: 384:, in the context of the hybrid Greek/Eastern 3541:. New York: Gramercy Books. pp. 224–6. 2014:; translating in English as "dragon king"). 1880:(rearing). They are very rarely depicted as 3613:Madridjrcalzado.bolgspot.com (2016-08-09). 2413:series includes dragons and dragon-riders. 2371:has since 1979 an animatronic scene in the 2175:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1411:, the dragon was defeated by two sons of a 1262:lore, the dragon-like creature, or "змей" ( 963: 818: 3968: 3954: 3534: 2815: 1402:, it was killed by a boy who offered it a 450:a large dragon fixed to the end of a lance 357: 2592: 2493:List of dragons in mythology and folklore 2312:has prominent dragons in her books about 2195:Learn how and when to remove this message 1911:, in parallel to her change of the royal 1085:, who will one day kill and be killed by 858:, written in Latin, records the story of 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 3889:, Farnham, England: Ashgate Publishing, 3862: 3341: 2792:Celtic Art in Europe: Making Connections 2586: 2354: 2206: 2059: 1974: 1837: 1744: 1725: 1530: 1475: 1455: 1198: 1117: 1102: 1013:but, in others, he continues wandering. 967: 755: 626: 613: 544:as a big constricting snake, likely the 367: 334: 3842: 3740:Princes and Princely Culture: 1450-1650 3714:Friar, Stephen; Ferguson, John (1993), 3653:, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01, 3486: 3424:. Oxford University Press. p. xii. 3212: 3193: 3026: 2833:The Princes and Principalities of Wales 2549: 1396:castle. According to lore based on the 618:Celtic sword heath showing dragon 50 AD 404:—Greek literature, not Roman—describes 4913: 3882: 3802: 3782: 3733: 3419: 3353: 3169: 3150: 3135: 3089: 2982:"Celtic Dragons from the River Thames" 2930:"sword; sword-sheath | British Museum" 2867:"sword; sword-sheath | British Museum" 2757: 2755: 2670: 2627: 2448:combines dragons with tropes from the 2072:greater royal coat of arms of Portugal 2070:A dragon was used as the crest of the 1884:(with their tail between their legs). 729:, "to bend", and it is said to have a 592:, whose name means "bearer of light". 16:Mythical creature in European folklore 3949: 3826:Dragons: The Myths, Legends, and Lore 3822: 3755: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3517:(in Portuguese). Municipal de Monção. 3434: 3393: 3374: 3329: 3101: 3095: 3070: 2979: 2956:British Iron Age swords and scabbards 2952: 2844: 2842: 2830: 2761: 1468:) is the Armenian word for "dragon". 3829:, Avon, Massachusetts: Adams Media, 3675: 3659:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u196567 3410:by Nennius (translated by J.A.Giles) 3224: 3181: 2173:adding citations to reliable sources 2140: 1872:(with all four legs on the ground), 829:witnesses the Romano-Celtic warlord 804: 339:Mosaic of the third century BC from 300: 47:adding citations to reliable sources 18: 3693: 3535:Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles (1909). 3058: 2752: 2728:chapter 21 (English translation) / 2352:, imprisoned there by St. Michael. 1554:is the name given to the dragon in 482:often guard treasure. For example, 133:Illustration of a winged dragon by 13: 3904: 3631: 2839: 2498:List of dragons in popular culture 2332:Ffyrnig, the Last Great Dragon of 1721: 1471: 927:Dragons are prominent in medieval 919:transferred the setting to Libya. 14: 4942: 3921: 3803:Morgan, Giles (21 January 2009), 3564:"Dragones buenos, dragones malos" 3561: 2889: 2742:"Medieval Bestiary : Dragon" 2338:, the first book in the story of 2262: 2136: 606: 4696: 4571:Laidly Worm of Spindleston Heugh 2906:"sword; sheath | British Museum" 2673:The Journal of American Folklore 2267:Dragons play prominent roles in 2145: 1949:. Welsh rugby teams include the 1713:(Spain) (1600) dancing during a 1702: 1686: 1670: 1650: 1598:The Catalans also distinguish a 817:recounts a famous legend in his 304: 127: 23: 3606: 3581: 3555: 3507: 3480: 3451:Mistrz Wincenty (tzw. Kadłubek) 3443: 3428: 3413: 3230: 3027:Arsdell, Robert D. Van (1989). 3020: 2980:Stead, I. M. (September 1984). 2973: 2946: 2922: 2898: 2883: 2859: 2824: 2818:The Roman Occupation of Britain 2809: 2782: 2533:"Legend of the European Dragon" 2341:Jonah and the Last Great Dragon 2049:" (Closed Gate or Wyrm Gate in 1923:, but it certainly was used by 1137:History of the Kings of Britain 1092: 1077:, who is actually the child of 1057: 978:Saint George slaying the dragon 889:, so the people of the town of 833:attempting to build a tower on 413:(military standard); after the 34:needs additional citations for 3668: 2734: 2716: 2699: 2664: 2621: 2595:Journal of Biblical Literature 2543: 2525: 2511: 2255:After the discovery of fossil 1868:, dragons are typically shown 1017:Germanic dragon-like creatures 675: 1: 2953:Stead, Ian Mathieson (2006). 2504: 2488:List of dragons in literature 2478:Dragons in Manipuri mythology 2275:legendarium, particularly in 1887:According to heraldic writer 1833: 1731:Saint Margaret and the Dragon 1626:during popular celebrations. 985: 972:Manuscript illustration from 653: 638:The dragon motif is known in 595: 3883:Walter, Christopher (2003), 3538:A complete guide to heraldry 2892:Antiquaries Journal (Vol.64) 2519:"Appendix Vergiliana: Culex" 1979:Dutch dragon in the city of 1846:("Saint George") in western 1842:Coat of arms of the town of 1175:Slavic dragon-like creatures 1044:Norse and Germanic mythology 1027: 959:Dragons in specific cultures 680: 296: 7: 3975: 3783:Malone, Michael S. (2012), 2795:. Oxbow Books. p. 27. 2630:Metropolitan Museum Journal 2455: 1945:The Welsh flag is blazoned 1657:"Festa da Coca" during the 1579:, in no small part because 994:Saint George and the Dragon 922: 825:in which the child prophet 643:pre-Christian age and that 463:are translated as forms of 10: 4947: 3911:doi:10.2307/j.ctt7rt69.22. 3863:Thurston, Herbert (1909), 3843:Sherman, Josepha (2015) , 3487:Górczyk, Wojciech (2010). 2552:The Biblical Archaeologist 2537:www.medievalchronicles.com 2473:Dragons in Greek mythology 2394:Tales of the Frog Princess 2335:Legend of the Heart Eaters 1876:(with one leg raised), or 1739:Metropolitan Museum of Art 1575:Dragons are well known in 1441: 1388:and lived in caves on the 1212: 1183: 1096: 1061: 1031: 1020: 599: 364:Dragons in Greek mythology 361: 350: 4882: 4862:Dragon Bridge (Ljubljana) 4816: 4751: 4705: 4694: 4666: 4614: 4541: 4388: 4321: 4218: 4067: 4011: 3990: 3983: 3869:The Catholic Encyclopedia 3734:Hughes, Jonathan (2005), 3311:Friar & Ferguson 1993 3299:Friar & Ferguson 1993 3030:Celtic Coinage of Britain 2998:10.1017/S0003581500080410 2287:, and in the unconnected 2124:Sir Edmund Charles Nugent 1955:Cardiff City Blue Dragons 1889:Arthur Charles Fox-Davies 1813:, a wyvern that besieged 1791:Saint Margaret the Virgin 1629:In Portuguese mythology, 1587:) is the patron saint of 1577:Catalan myths and legends 1543:(Bibl. Municipale, MS 2, 1331: 1319: 1307: 1293: 1281: 1267: 1219:Dragon-like creatures of 893:would offer the dragon a 860:Saint Margaret of Antioch 821:Historia Regum Britanniae 622: 525:Metamorphoses of Apuleius 194: 180: 172: 162: 152: 142: 126: 4847:Dragon and Tiger Pagodas 3756:Jones, David E. (2000), 3595:(in Spanish). 2014-10-15 2418:How to Train Your Dragon 2033:, that was shown on the 1895:of the 7th-century king 1438:Armenian "dragon": Վիշապ 1194: 1089:, Norse god of thunder. 964:St George and the Dragon 864:Diocletianic Persecution 715:refers to a dragon as a 645:native people of Britain 135:Friedrich Justin Bertuch 4857:Dragon Bridge (Da Nang) 3759:An Instinct for Dragons 3420:Davies, Sioned (2007). 3102:Ørmen, Torfinn (2005). 2986:The Antiquaries Journal 2831:Jones, Frances (1969). 1430:, living in cellars of 1357: 1179: 1111:, showing a red dragon 358:Greek and Roman dragons 259:In and after the early 4776:Dungeons & Dragons 4713:Mythology and folklore 3435:Heinz, Sabine (2008). 3033:. Spink. p. 126. 2816:Haverfield, F (1924). 2762:Heinz, Sabine (2008). 2404:A Song of Ice and Fire 2364: 2319:Later authors such as 2215: 2067: 2019:coat of arms of Madrid 1984: 1850: 1778:, the patron saint of 1768:Saint Theodore of Tyro 1750: 1742: 1711:Vilafranca del Penedès 1677:Vibria in a parade in 1641:Another dragon called 1606:(cognate with English 1548: 1489: 1461: 1371: 1210: 1140: 1115: 989: 837:to keep safe from the 819: 764: 749:. It shows the dragon 635: 619: 575:later descriptions of 502:until he was slain by 498:guarded the oracle of 490:until he was slain by 377: 348: 313:This section is empty. 227:among the overlapping 4867:Merritt Island Dragon 4718:Draco (constellation) 2358: 2210: 2063: 1978: 1951:Newport Gwent Dragons 1841: 1748: 1729: 1534: 1479: 1459: 1392:river bank below the 1202: 1121: 1106: 971: 759: 709:The Anglo-Saxon poem 630: 617: 371: 338: 4852:Dragon boundary mark 4601:The dragon (Beowulf) 3823:Niles, Doug (2013), 3676:Cipa, Shawn (2008), 3239:Artibus et Historiae 2383:Dragons in Our Midst 2359:"The Dragon" in the 2303:Dragonriders of Pern 2169:improve this section 2082:granted the city of 2080:Peter IV of Portugal 2021:included, besides a 1132:Geoffrey of Monmouth 815:Geoffrey of Monmouth 205:, castles, mountains 189:Mediterranean region 43:improve this article 4764:Film and television 4743:Princess and dragon 4551:Dragon of Mordiford 3344:, pp. 453–455. 3196:, pp. 183–184. 3153:, pp. 106–107. 2894:. pp. 269–279. 2835:. pp. 167–189. 2724:De Natura Animalium 2321:Christopher Paolini 2290:Farmer Giles of Ham 2065:Kingdom of Portugal 2047:Puerta de la Sierpe 1787:Jacobus de Voragine 1157:) fighting beneath 558:De Natura Animalium 123: 4873:Pegasus and Dragon 3939:2019-04-14 at the 3562:Fatás, Guillermo. 3493:Kultura i Historia 3407:Historia Brittonum 2959:. British Museum. 2934:The British Museum 2910:The British Museum 2871:The British Museum 2365: 2216: 2212:West Edmonton Mall 2068: 2017:Historically, the 1993:Peter IV of Aragon 1985: 1899:and was used as a 1851: 1751: 1743: 1549: 1490: 1462: 1211: 1168:Lludd and Llefelys 1141: 1116: 1081:and the Norse god 990: 765: 636: 632:Dragonesque brooch 620: 401:Book of Revelation 378: 353:Dragon § Etymology 349: 246:constricting snake 229:cultures of Europe 217:legendary creature 147:legendary creature 121: 4908: 4907: 4692: 4691: 4662: 4661: 4384: 4383: 4175:Vietnamese dragon 4024:Feathered Serpent 3856:978-0-7656-8047-1 3836:978-1-4405-6216-7 3796:978-1-250-01492-4 3707:978-0-313-02725-3 3687:978-1-56523-329-4 3568:Heraldo de Aragón 3474:978-83-04-04613-9 3113:978-82-90425-76-5 3040:978-0-907605-24-9 2802:978-1-78297-658-5 2775:978-1-4027-4624-6 2429:Tui T. Sutherland 2310:Ursula K. Le Guin 2205: 2204: 2197: 1793:was swallowed by 1760:Saint Mercurialis 1409:Wincenty Kadłubek 868:sign of the cross 852:The 13th-century 809:The 12th-century 805:Legends and tales 781:European folklore 670:Hallstatt culture 662:Hallstatt culture 553:Claudius Aelianus 551:The Roman author 530:The Roman author 431:Cohors Sarmatarum 425:in the east, the 333: 332: 209: 208: 176:Medieval folklore 119: 118: 111: 93: 58:"European dragon" 4938: 4926:European dragons 4921:Medieval legends 4832:Nine-Dragon Wall 4700: 4539: 4538: 4371:Yamata no Orochi 4216: 4215: 4165:Tannin (monster) 3988: 3987: 3970: 3963: 3956: 3947: 3946: 3899: 3879: 3878: 3876: 3859: 3839: 3819: 3799: 3779: 3778: 3776: 3752: 3730: 3710: 3690: 3662: 3661: 3646: 3629: 3628: 3626: 3625: 3610: 3604: 3603: 3601: 3600: 3585: 3579: 3578: 3576: 3575: 3559: 3553: 3552: 3532: 3519: 3518: 3511: 3505: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3484: 3478: 3477: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3432: 3426: 3425: 3417: 3411: 3403: 3397: 3391: 3378: 3372: 3357: 3351: 3345: 3339: 3333: 3327: 3314: 3308: 3302: 3296: 3271: 3270: 3234: 3228: 3227:, pp. 1–30. 3222: 3216: 3210: 3197: 3191: 3185: 3179: 3173: 3167: 3154: 3148: 3139: 3133: 3118: 3117: 3099: 3093: 3087: 3074: 3068: 3062: 3056: 3045: 3044: 3024: 3018: 3017: 2977: 2971: 2970: 2950: 2944: 2943: 2941: 2940: 2926: 2920: 2919: 2917: 2916: 2902: 2896: 2895: 2887: 2881: 2880: 2878: 2877: 2863: 2857: 2856: 2854: 2846: 2837: 2836: 2828: 2822: 2821: 2813: 2807: 2806: 2786: 2780: 2779: 2759: 2750: 2749: 2738: 2732: 2730:(original Greek) 2720: 2714: 2703: 2697: 2696: 2679:(357): 339–343. 2668: 2662: 2661: 2625: 2619: 2618: 2590: 2584: 2583: 2547: 2541: 2540: 2529: 2523: 2522: 2515: 2442:Temeraire series 2373:Fairytale Forest 2278:The Silmarillion 2200: 2193: 2189: 2186: 2180: 2149: 2141: 2031:Mesonero Romanos 1981:'s-Hertogenbosch 1772:St Mark's Square 1706: 1690: 1674: 1661:celebration, in 1654: 1556:Basque mythology 1362:The most famous 1333: 1321: 1309: 1295: 1283: 1269: 1221:Slavic mythology 1208:Victor Vasnetsov 1165:in the story of 987: 824: 658: 655: 328: 325: 315:You can help by 308: 301: 163:Similar entities 131: 124: 120: 114: 107: 103: 100: 94: 92: 51: 27: 19: 4946: 4945: 4941: 4940: 4939: 4937: 4936: 4935: 4931:Catalan symbols 4911: 4910: 4909: 4904: 4895:Here be dragons 4878: 4812: 4806:Dragons in Pern 4759:Popular culture 4747: 4733:Dragon (zodiac) 4701: 4688: 4658: 4610: 4537: 4413:Bisterne Dragon 4380: 4317: 4214: 4063: 4007: 3979: 3974: 3941:Wayback Machine 3924: 3907: 3905:Further reading 3902: 3897: 3874: 3872: 3857: 3837: 3817: 3797: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3750: 3728: 3708: 3688: 3671: 3666: 3665: 3648: 3647: 3632: 3623: 3621: 3611: 3607: 3598: 3596: 3587: 3586: 3582: 3573: 3571: 3560: 3556: 3549: 3533: 3522: 3515:"Corpo de Deus" 3513: 3512: 3508: 3498: 3496: 3485: 3481: 3475: 3448: 3444: 3439:. Sterling Pub. 3433: 3429: 3418: 3414: 3404: 3400: 3392: 3381: 3373: 3360: 3352: 3348: 3340: 3336: 3328: 3317: 3309: 3305: 3297: 3274: 3251:10.2307/1483792 3235: 3231: 3223: 3219: 3211: 3200: 3192: 3188: 3184:, pp. 1–3. 3180: 3176: 3168: 3157: 3149: 3142: 3134: 3121: 3114: 3100: 3096: 3088: 3077: 3069: 3065: 3057: 3048: 3041: 3025: 3021: 2978: 2974: 2967: 2951: 2947: 2938: 2936: 2928: 2927: 2923: 2914: 2912: 2904: 2903: 2899: 2888: 2884: 2875: 2873: 2865: 2864: 2860: 2852: 2848: 2847: 2840: 2829: 2825: 2814: 2810: 2803: 2787: 2783: 2776: 2760: 2753: 2740: 2739: 2735: 2721: 2717: 2704: 2700: 2669: 2665: 2642:10.2307/1512864 2626: 2622: 2607:10.2307/3263046 2591: 2587: 2564:10.2307/3209231 2548: 2544: 2531: 2530: 2526: 2517: 2516: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2483:Japanese dragon 2458: 2431:'s book series 2423:Cressida Cowell 2410:Game of Thrones 2265: 2201: 2190: 2184: 2181: 2166: 2150: 2139: 2090:. The badge of 2027:strawberry tree 1915:from gules and 1836: 1724: 1722:Italian dragons 1717: 1707: 1698: 1691: 1682: 1675: 1666: 1655: 1486:Galicia (Spain) 1474: 1472:Iberian dragons 1454: 1442:Main articles: 1440: 1360: 1342:(for food), or 1217: 1197: 1188: 1182: 1177: 1101: 1095: 1071:Norse mythology 1066: 1060: 1036: 1030: 1025: 1023:Germanic dragon 1019: 966: 961: 933:Uther Pendragon 925: 895:human sacrifice 807: 745:about the hero 739:Ramsund carving 683: 678: 666:La Tène culture 656: 625: 609: 604: 598: 537:Natural History 532:Pliny the Elder 480:Greek mythology 366: 360: 355: 329: 323: 320: 299: 234:The Roman poet 213:European dragon 138: 122:European dragon 115: 104: 98: 95: 52: 50: 40: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4944: 4934: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4906: 4905: 4903: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4886: 4884: 4880: 4879: 4877: 4876: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4842:Cádiz Memorial 4839: 4834: 4829: 4820: 4818: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4810: 4809: 4808: 4803: 4802: 4801: 4796: 4789:J.R.R. Tolkien 4781: 4780: 4779: 4766: 4761: 4755: 4753: 4749: 4748: 4746: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4709: 4707: 4703: 4702: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4689: 4687: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4674:Horned Serpent 4670: 4668: 4664: 4663: 4660: 4659: 4657: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4639:Lernaean Hydra 4636: 4631: 4626: 4620: 4618: 4612: 4611: 4609: 4608: 4606:Worm of Linton 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4547: 4545: 4536: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4428:Chuvash dragon 4425: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4394: 4392: 4386: 4385: 4382: 4381: 4379: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4327: 4325: 4319: 4318: 4316: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4224: 4222: 4213: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4135:Meitei dragons 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4071: 4069: 4065: 4064: 4062: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4015: 4013: 4009: 4008: 4006: 4005: 4000: 3994: 3992: 3985: 3981: 3980: 3973: 3972: 3965: 3958: 3950: 3944: 3943: 3931: 3923: 3922:External links 3920: 3919: 3918: 3915: 3912: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3900: 3895: 3880: 3860: 3855: 3840: 3835: 3820: 3816:978-0785822325 3815: 3800: 3795: 3780: 3768: 3753: 3748: 3731: 3726: 3717:Basic Heraldry 3711: 3706: 3691: 3686: 3672: 3670: 3667: 3664: 3663: 3630: 3605: 3580: 3554: 3547: 3520: 3506: 3479: 3473: 3456:Kronika Polska 3442: 3437:Celtic Symbols 3427: 3422:The Mabinogion 3412: 3398: 3379: 3358: 3356:, p. 141. 3346: 3334: 3315: 3303: 3301:, p. 168. 3272: 3229: 3217: 3215:, p. 184. 3198: 3186: 3174: 3155: 3140: 3138:, p. 106. 3119: 3112: 3094: 3075: 3073:, p. 101. 3063: 3046: 3039: 3019: 2992:(2): 269–279. 2972: 2965: 2945: 2921: 2897: 2882: 2858: 2838: 2823: 2808: 2801: 2781: 2774: 2765:Celtic Symbols 2751: 2733: 2715: 2698: 2685:10.2307/539524 2663: 2620: 2601:(2): 167–177. 2585: 2542: 2524: 2509: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2500: 2495: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2463:Chinese dragon 2459: 2457: 2454: 2298:Anne McCaffrey 2264: 2263:Recent fiction 2261: 2203: 2202: 2153: 2151: 2144: 2138: 2137:Modern dragons 2135: 2043:Puerta Cerrada 1925:King Henry III 1835: 1832: 1823:Amelia, Umbria 1723: 1720: 1719: 1718: 1708: 1701: 1699: 1692: 1685: 1683: 1676: 1669: 1667: 1659:Corpus Christi 1656: 1649: 1635:Corpus Christi 1516:as prisoners. 1473: 1470: 1439: 1436: 1399:Book of Daniel 1359: 1356: 1213:Main article: 1196: 1193: 1184:Main article: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1097:Main article: 1094: 1091: 1062:Main article: 1059: 1056: 1052:earthen mounds 1032:Main article: 1029: 1026: 1021:Main article: 1018: 1015: 992:The legend of 982:northern Italy 965: 962: 960: 957: 924: 921: 904:The Christian 806: 803: 789:Welsh folklore 769:MS Harley 3244 761:MS Harley 3244 721:and also as a 682: 679: 677: 674: 624: 621: 608: 607:Horned serpent 605: 597: 594: 561:describes the 520:The Golden Ass 508:Lernaean Hydra 435:Cohors Dacorum 388:culture. From 362:Main article: 359: 356: 351:Main article: 345:southern Italy 331: 330: 311: 309: 298: 295: 207: 206: 196: 192: 191: 182: 178: 177: 174: 170: 169: 164: 160: 159: 154: 150: 149: 144: 140: 139: 132: 117: 116: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4943: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4918: 4916: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4881: 4875: 4874: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4826: 4822: 4821: 4819: 4815: 4807: 4804: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4791: 4790: 4787: 4786: 4785: 4782: 4778: 4777: 4772: 4771: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4756: 4754: 4750: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4738:Dragonslayers 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4710: 4708: 4704: 4699: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4671: 4669: 4665: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4613: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4591:Sockburn Worm 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4540: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4488:Slavic dragon 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4463:La Guita Xica 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4387: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4356:Toyotama-hime 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4328: 4326: 4324: 4320: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4303:Yellow Dragon 4301: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4225: 4223: 4221: 4217: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4105:Korean dragon 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4072: 4070: 4066: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4029:Gaasyendietha 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4010: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3995: 3993: 3989: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3971: 3966: 3964: 3959: 3957: 3952: 3951: 3948: 3942: 3938: 3935: 3932: 3929: 3926: 3925: 3916: 3913: 3909: 3908: 3898: 3896:9781840146943 3892: 3888: 3887: 3881: 3870: 3866: 3861: 3858: 3852: 3848: 3847: 3841: 3838: 3832: 3828: 3827: 3821: 3818: 3812: 3808: 3807: 3801: 3798: 3792: 3788: 3787: 3781: 3771: 3769:0-415-92721-8 3765: 3761: 3760: 3754: 3751: 3749:90-04-13690-8 3745: 3741: 3737: 3732: 3729: 3727:0-393-03463-1 3723: 3719: 3718: 3712: 3709: 3703: 3699: 3698: 3692: 3689: 3683: 3679: 3674: 3673: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3620: 3616: 3609: 3594: 3590: 3584: 3569: 3565: 3558: 3550: 3548:0-517-26643-1 3544: 3540: 3539: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3516: 3510: 3494: 3490: 3483: 3476: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3457: 3452: 3446: 3438: 3431: 3423: 3416: 3409: 3408: 3402: 3396:, p. 55. 3395: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3377:, p. 54. 3376: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3355: 3350: 3343: 3342:Thurston 1909 3338: 3332:, p. 53. 3331: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3313:, p. 28. 3312: 3307: 3300: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3233: 3226: 3221: 3214: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3195: 3190: 3183: 3178: 3171: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3152: 3147: 3145: 3137: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3115: 3109: 3105: 3098: 3092:, p. 98. 3091: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3072: 3067: 3060: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3042: 3036: 3032: 3031: 3023: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2976: 2968: 2966:9780714123233 2962: 2958: 2957: 2949: 2935: 2931: 2925: 2911: 2907: 2901: 2893: 2886: 2872: 2868: 2862: 2851: 2845: 2843: 2834: 2827: 2820:. p. 24. 2819: 2812: 2804: 2798: 2794: 2793: 2785: 2777: 2771: 2767: 2766: 2758: 2756: 2747: 2743: 2737: 2731: 2727: 2725: 2719: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2702: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2667: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2624: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2589: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2546: 2538: 2534: 2528: 2520: 2514: 2510: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2474: 2471: 2469: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2460: 2453: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2438: 2436: 2435: 2434:Wings of Fire 2430: 2426: 2424: 2420: 2419: 2414: 2412: 2411: 2406: 2405: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2390: 2386: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2374: 2370: 2362: 2357: 2353: 2351: 2350:Radnor Forest 2347: 2343: 2342: 2337: 2336: 2330: 2328: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2305: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2292: 2291: 2286: 2285: 2280: 2279: 2274: 2270: 2260: 2258: 2253: 2250: 2246: 2241: 2239: 2238:Basque people 2235: 2231: 2227: 2225: 2221: 2213: 2209: 2199: 2196: 2188: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2164: 2163: 2159: 2154:This section 2152: 2148: 2143: 2142: 2134: 2132: 2127: 2125: 2120: 2117: 2114: 2110: 2108: 2104: 2099: 2098:of the club. 2097: 2096:animal mascot 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1982: 1977: 1973: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1958: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1943: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1928: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1905:Tudor dynasty 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1849: 1845: 1840: 1831: 1828: 1824: 1819: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1803: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1783: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1747: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1716: 1712: 1705: 1700: 1696: 1689: 1684: 1680: 1673: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1653: 1648: 1647: 1646: 1644: 1639: 1636: 1632: 1627: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1616: 1611: 1610: 1605: 1601: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1573: 1571: 1567: 1565: 1562:descend from 1561: 1557: 1553: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1537:Saint Gregory 1533: 1529: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1515: 1514: 1509: 1508: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1487: 1483: 1478: 1469: 1467: 1458: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1435: 1433: 1429: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1405: 1401: 1400: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1382: 1381:Smok Wawelski 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1355: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1329: 1325: 1317: 1313: 1305: 1301: 1300: 1291: 1287: 1279: 1275: 1274: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1232: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1216: 1215:Slavic dragon 1209: 1205: 1204:Zmey Gorynych 1201: 1192: 1187: 1172: 1170: 1169: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1147: 1146:Y Ddraig Goch 1139: 1138: 1133: 1129: 1128:White Dragons 1125: 1120: 1114: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1065: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1035: 1024: 1014: 1011: 1007: 1003: 1002:Golden Legend 999: 995: 983: 979: 975: 970: 956: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 920: 918: 917: 916:Golden Legend 912: 907: 902: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 883: 877: 872: 869: 865: 861: 857: 856: 855:Golden Legend 850: 848: 844: 840: 836: 835:Mount Snowdon 832: 828: 823: 822: 816: 812: 802: 799: 795: 790: 786: 782: 777: 773: 770: 762: 758: 754: 752: 748: 744: 743:Völsunga saga 740: 735: 732: 728: 724: 720: 719: 714: 713: 707: 705: 700: 697: 692: 689: 673: 671: 667: 663: 651: 646: 641: 634:, AD 75 – 175 633: 629: 616: 612: 603: 593: 591: 586: 584: 580: 578: 572: 568: 567:Indian Python 564: 560: 559: 554: 549: 547: 546:Indian Python 543: 539: 538: 533: 528: 526: 523:(also called 522: 521: 516: 513:In a tale in 511: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 476: 474: 470: 466: 462: 461:Old Testament 457: 455: 451: 447: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 407: 403: 402: 397: 396: 391: 387: 383: 375: 370: 365: 354: 346: 342: 337: 327: 318: 314: 310: 307: 303: 302: 294: 292: 287: 285: 281: 277: 272: 270: 266: 262: 257: 255: 251: 247: 243: 242: 237: 232: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 204: 200: 197: 193: 190: 186: 183: 179: 175: 171: 168: 167:other dragons 165: 161: 158: 155: 151: 148: 145: 141: 136: 130: 125: 113: 110: 102: 91: 88: 84: 81: 77: 74: 70: 67: 63: 60: – 59: 55: 54:Find sources: 48: 44: 38: 37: 32:This article 30: 26: 21: 20: 4900:Dragon curve 4890:Dragon's Eye 4871: 4825:Nine Dragons 4824: 4775: 4723:Dragon dance 4576:Lambton Worm 4513:White dragon 4508:Welsh Dragon 4503:Wawel Dragon 4483:Piast Dragon 4389: 4233:Azure Dragon 4049:Snallygaster 4044:Quetzalcoatl 3984:In mythology 3885: 3873:, retrieved 3868: 3865:"St. George" 3845: 3825: 3805: 3785: 3775:22 September 3773:, retrieved 3758: 3739: 3716: 3696: 3677: 3650: 3622:. Retrieved 3618: 3608: 3597:. Retrieved 3592: 3583: 3572:. Retrieved 3567: 3557: 3537: 3509: 3497:. Retrieved 3492: 3482: 3455: 3445: 3436: 3430: 3421: 3415: 3405: 3401: 3349: 3337: 3306: 3242: 3238: 3232: 3220: 3213:Sherman 2015 3194:Sherman 2015 3189: 3177: 3103: 3097: 3066: 3061:, p. 7. 3029: 3022: 2989: 2985: 2975: 2955: 2948: 2937:. Retrieved 2933: 2924: 2913:. Retrieved 2909: 2900: 2891: 2890:Stead, Ian. 2885: 2874:. 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Likewise, 477: 464: 458: 434: 430: 427:Dacian Draco 410: 399: 393: 379: 374:Dacian Draco 321: 317:adding to it 312: 288: 273: 258: 252:" and also " 248:, calls it " 240: 238:in his poem 233: 212: 210: 153:Sub grouping 105: 96: 86: 79: 72: 65: 53: 41:Please help 36:verification 33: 4774:Dragons in 4728:Dragon boat 4684:Sea serpent 4561:Jörmungandr 4473:Oilliphéist 4376:Zennyo Ryūō 4090:Dragon King 4003:Nyami Nyami 3998:Ninki Nanka 3669:Works cited 3651:Who Was Who 3495:(in Polish) 3354:Walter 2003 3245:(50): 139. 3170:Morgan 2009 3151:Hughes 2005 3136:Hughes 2005 3090:Malone 2012 2746:bestiary.ca 2450:Age of Sail 2446:Naomi Novik 2389:E. D. 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