Europe - Knowledge

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profile are appropriate when applied to these peoples. Here we analyze the classification trends of a modern Filipino sample (n = 110) when using the Fordisc 3.1 (FD3) software. We hypothesize that Filipinos represent an admixed population drawn largely from Asian and marginally from European parental gene pools, such that FD3 will classify these individuals morphometrically into reference samples that reflect a range of European admixture, in quantities from small to large. Our results show the greatest classification into Asian reference groups (72.7%), followed by Hispanic (12.7%), Indigenous American (7.3%), African (4.5%), and European (2.7%) groups included in FD3. This general pattern did not change between males and females. Moreover, replacing the raw craniometric values with their shape variables did not significantly alter the trends already observed. These classification trends for Filipino crania provide useful information for casework interpretation in forensic laboratory practice. Our findings can help biological anthropologists to better understand the evolutionary, population historical, and statistical reasons for FD3-generated classifications. The results of our studyindicate that ancestry estimation in forensic anthropology would benefit from population-focused research that gives consideration to histories of colonialism and periods of admixture.

3727: 2284: 2605: 5065: 6204: 23129: 123: 12156: 4572: 3642: 1948: 12184: 7520: 10254: 25444: 1273: 11088: 9675: 9667: 9475: 25361: 8860: 8289: 6842: 8423: 9275: 7674: 4756: 133: 25406: 25376: 7809: 7719: 7470: 2101: 25331: 8950: 6498: 4865: 2265:. The transition of Europe to being a cultural term as well as a geographic one led to the borders of Europe being affected by cultural considerations in the East, especially relating to areas under Byzantine, Ottoman, and Russian influence. Such questions were affected by the positive connotations associated with the term Europe by its users. Such cultural considerations were not applied to the Americas, despite their conquest and settlement by European states. Instead, the concept of "Western civilization" emerged as a way of grouping together Europe and these colonies. 25459: 21713: 12386: 25489: 25474: 25316: 10044: 9283: 9754: 11487: 7478: 8708: 9601: 25346: 10722: 9630: 10084: 12142: 8142: 6609: 5594: 3490: 9376: 8663: 9746: 9467: 8334: 7764: 7273: 3233: 8001: 1956: 9045: 10164: 9427: 7682: 7421: 7860: 8238: 9964: 25971: 10052: 9891: 11163: 9923: 10124: 8378: 2361:, a major tributary of the Ob, as components of a series of partly-joined waterways taking the boundary between Europe and Asia from the Turkish Straits, and the Don River all the way to the Arctic Ocean. In 1721, he produced a more up to date map that was easier to read. However, his proposal to adhere to major rivers as the line of demarcation was never taken up by other geographers who were beginning to move away from the idea of water boundaries as the only legitimate divides between Europe and Asia. 27545: 9435: 2295: 12220: 8716: 9593: 9140: 9095: 9709: 9230: 5376: 10172: 8671: 7572: 7362: 8905: 7956: 7134: 904: 43: 10900: 10553: 9717: 8342: 21804: 12324: 11021: 10674: 10004: 11374: 9001: 3008: 7413: 6294: 11277: 7318: 4854: 25391: 8759: 4190: 2881: 8621: 8246: 7326: 9009: 8613: 8431: 8569: 9931: 10092: 8386: 25993: 23434: 10132: 8150: 7913: 7905: 9148: 7528: 9103: 8868: 6687: 6436: 23446: 8053: 7817: 9384: 8533: 8106: 8061: 7580: 7370: 7230: 7186: 8913: 8525: 8098: 7772: 7727: 7281: 7222: 7178: 7142: 3219: 9972: 4395: 4001: 8193: 10207: 10012: 9340: 9053: 8577: 8297: 7625: 11045: 9638: 8767: 8009: 7617: 4674: 11100: 10925: 10698: 21787: 10801: 10502: 9185: 8488: 8480: 7964: 5201: 2585: 21770: 9238: 10851: 10528: 8823: 8958: 7868: 8815: 3832: 10997: 10746: 8201: 10875: 10827: 10626: 10578: 9193: 2553: 10949: 10602: 10973: 10650: 227: 12170: 21753: 21725: 15662:(..) It is difficult to establish exactly when Islam first appeared in Russia because the lands that Islam penetrated early in its expansion were not part of Russia at the time, but were later incorporated into the expanding Russian Empire. Islam reached the Caucasus region in the middle of the seventh century as part of the Arab 16882:"One decisive action might have forced Philip II to the negotiating table and avoided fourteen years of continuing warfare. Instead the King was able to use the brief respite to rebuild his naval forces and by the end of 1589 Spain once again had an Atlantic fleet strong enough to escort the American treasure ships home." 2746:). Between 4500 and 3000 BCE, these central European neolithic cultures developed further to the west and the north, transmitting newly acquired skills in producing copper artifacts. In Western Europe the Neolithic period was characterised not by large agricultural settlements but by field monuments, such as 20261:

Brasil-Colônia, Geraldo Pieroni doutor em História pela Université Paris-Sorbonnetambém escreveu os livros: Os Excluídos do Reino: Inquisição portuguesa e o degredo para o; Brasil, Os degredados na colonização do; ciganos, Vadios e; autor, Heréticos e Bruxas: os degredados no Brasil Textos publicados

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Southern Europe and Western Europe are the regions with the highest average number of elderly people in the world. In 2021, the percentage of people over 65 years old was 21% in Western Europe and Southern Europe, compared to 19% in all of Europe and 10% in the world. Projections suggest that by 2050

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In general, Europe is not just colder towards the north compared to the south, but it also gets colder from the west towards the east. The climate is more oceanic in the west and less so in the east. This can be illustrated by the following table of average temperatures at locations roughly following

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which is almost on the same latitude, bordering the same ocean. Berlin, Germany; Calgary, Canada; and Irkutsk, in far south-eastern Russia, lie on around the same latitude; January temperatures in Berlin average around 8 °C (14 °F) higher than those in Calgary and they are almost 22 °C

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and one in Rome—claimed rulership over the Church. Although the schism was eventually healed in 1417, the papacy's spiritual authority had suffered greatly. In the 15th century, Europe started to extend itself beyond its geographic frontiers. Spain and Portugal, the greatest naval powers of the time,

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two-and-a-half centuries to recover from the Fourth Crusade before the Ottomans finally took Constantinople in 1453, ... They fatally wounded Byzantium, which was the main cause of its weakened condition when the Muslim onslaught came. Even on the eve of its final collapse, the precondition for

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have replaced the original mixed natural forest, because these grow quicker. The plantations now cover vast areas of land, but offer poorer habitats for many European forest dwelling species which require a mixture of tree species and diverse forest structure. The amount of natural forest in Western

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Isolated monastic communities were the only places to safeguard and compile written knowledge accumulated previously; apart from this, very few written records survive. Much literature, philosophy, mathematics, and other thinking from the classical period disappeared from Western Europe, though they

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landmass. It has a higher ratio of coast to landmass than any other continent or subcontinent. Its maritime borders consist of the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas to the south. Land relief in Europe shows great variation within

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rivers, so southwards from the Kuma and the Manych, but still with the Caucasus entirely in Asia. However, most geographers in the Soviet Union favoured the boundary along the Caucasus crest, and this became the common convention in the later 20th century, although the Kuma–Manych boundary remained

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Not only did the fourth crusade further harden the resentments Greek-speaking Christians felt toward the Latin West, but it further weakened the empire of Constantinople, many say fatally so. After the restoration of Greek imperial rule the city survived as the capital of Byzantium for another two

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started in Europe, specifically the United Kingdom in the late 18th century, and the 19th century saw Western Europe industrialise. Economies were disrupted by the First World War, but by the beginning of the Second World War, they had recovered and were having to compete with the growing economic

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As a continent, the economy of Europe is currently the largest on Earth and it is the richest region as measured by assets under management with over $ 32.7 trillion compared to North America's $ 27.1 trillion in 2008. In 2009 Europe remained the wealthiest region. Its $ 37.1 trillion in

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to Europe. The Gulf Stream is nicknamed "Europe's central heating", because it makes Europe's climate warmer and wetter than it would otherwise be. The Gulf Stream not only carries warm water to Europe's coast but also warms up the prevailing westerly winds that blow across the continent from the

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ABSTRACT: Filipinos represent a significant contemporary demographic group globally, yet they are underrepresented in the forensic anthropological literature. Given the complex population history of the Philippines, it is important to ensure that traditional methods for assessing the biological

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Global shipping and logistic chain reshaped as China's Belt and Road dreams take off in Hellenic Shipping News, 4. December 2018; Wolf D. Hartmann, Wolfgang Maennig, Run Wang: Chinas neue Seidenstraße. (2017), p 59; Jacob Franks "The Blu Banana – the True Heart of Europe" In: Big Think Edge, 31

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In the east, a resurgent Byzantine Empire recaptured Crete and Cyprus from the Muslims, and reconquered the Balkans. Constantinople was the largest and wealthiest city in Europe from the 9th to the 12th centuries, with a population of approximately 400,000. The Empire was weakened following the

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These Christian allies did not accept the authority of Byzantium, and the Fourth Crusade that sacked Constantinople and established the so-called Latin Empire that lasted until 1261 was a fatal wound from which the empire never recovered until its fall at the hands of the Ottoman Turks in 1453

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December 2014; Zacharias Zacharakis: Chinas Anker in Europa in: Die Zeit 8. May 2018; Harry de Wilt: Is One Belt, One Road a China crisis for North Sea main ports? in World Cargo News, 17 December 2019; Hospers, Gert-Jan "Beyond the blue banana? Structural change in Europe's geo-economy." 2002

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The origins of many of the world's most popular sports today lie in the codification of many traditional games, especially in the United Kingdom. However, a paradoxical feature of European sport is the extent to which local, regional and national variations continue to exist, and even in some

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Later they established themselves in the Anatolian peninsula at the expense of the Byzantine Empire. ... The Byzantines, however, had been severely weakened by the sack of Constantinople in the Fourth Crusade (in 1204) and the Western occupation of much of the empire for the next half

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However, the fifty-seven years of plunder that followed made the Byzantine Empire, even when it retook the capital in 1261, genuinely weak. Beginning in 1222, the empire was further weakened by a civil war that lasted until 1355. ... When the Ottomans overran their lands and besieged

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It is notable how the average temperatures for the coldest month, as well as the annual average temperatures, drop from the west to the east. For instance, Edinburgh is warmer than Belgrade during the coldest month of the year, although Belgrade is around 10° of latitude farther south.

4489:, during which liberal uprisings affected all of Europe except for Russia and the UK. These revolutions were eventually put down by conservative elements and few reforms resulted. The year 1859 saw the unification of Romania, as a nation state, from smaller principalities. In 1867, the 6655:) are endangered. Once they were found in most parts of Europe. However, deforestation and hunting caused these animals to withdraw further and further. By the Middle Ages the bears' habitats were limited to more or less inaccessible mountains with sufficient forest cover. Today, the 2059:

are only partly divided by waterways. France, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain are also transcontinental (or more properly, intercontinental, when oceans or large seas are involved) in that their main land areas are in Europe while pockets of their territories are located on other

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According to a population projection of the UN Population Division, Europe's population may fall to between 680 and 720 million people by 2050, which would be 7% of the world population at that time. Within this context, significant disparities exist between regions in relation to

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The Age of Enlightenment was a powerful intellectual movement during the 18th century promoting scientific and reason-based thoughts. Discontent with the aristocracy and clergy's monopoly on political power in France resulted in the French Revolution, and the establishment of the

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In Europe many people are unable to access basic social conditions, which makes it harder for them to thrive and flourish. Access to basic necessities can be compromised, for example 10% of Europeans spend at least 40% of household income on housing. 75 million Europeans feel

2691:), who seem to have appeared in Europe around 43,000 to 40,000 years ago. However, there is also evidence that Homo sapiens arrived in Europe around 54,000 years ago, some 10,000 years earlier than previously thought. The earliest sites in Europe dated 48,000 years ago are 6419:

and so may be regarded geologically as the "main continent", while peripheral highlands and mountainous regions in the south and west constitute fragments from various other geological continents. Most of the older geology of western Europe existed as part of the ancient

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cultural, linguistic and ethnic differences which vary on a spectrum rather than with a sharp dividing line. The geographic border between Europe and Asia does not follow any state boundaries and now only follows a few bodies of water. Turkey is generally considered a

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in the last part of the 18th century and spread throughout Europe. The invention and implementation of new technologies resulted in rapid urban growth, mass employment and the rise of a new working class. Reforms in social and economic spheres followed, including the

11146:. The western states moved to link their economies together, providing the basis for the EU and increasing cross border trade. This helped them to enjoy rapidly improving economies, while those states in COMECON were struggling in a large part due to the cost of the 4625:, caused death and mass emigration of millions of Irish people. In the 19th century, 70 million people left Europe in migrations to various European colonies abroad and to the United States. The industrial revolution also led to large population growth, and the 3883:

with headquarters in Crimea, which later adopted Islam as a religion, and ruled over modern-day southern and central Russia for more than three centuries. After the collapse of Mongol dominions, the first Romanian states (principalities) emerged in the 14th century:

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of a large land mass completely or almost completely surrounded by water at its borders. Prior to the adoption of the current convention that includes mountain divides, the border between Europe and Asia had been redefined several times since its first conception in

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The total figures for area and population include only European portions of transcontinental countries. The precision of these figures is compromised by the ambiguous geographical extent of Europe and the lack of references for European portions of transcontinental

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The prevalent definition of Europe as a geographical term has been in use since the mid-19th century. Europe is taken to be bounded by large bodies of water to the north, west and south; Europe's limits to the east and north-east are usually taken to be the

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After the Second World War the economy of the UK was in a state of ruin, and continued to suffer relative economic decline in the following decades. Italy was also in a poor economic condition but regained a high level of growth by the 1950s. West Germany

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split apart due to the widening of the Atlantic Ocean. Finally and very soon afterwards, Laurasia itself split up again, into Laurentia (North America) and the Eurasian continent. The land connection between the two persisted for a considerable time, via

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began with Spanish and Portuguese settlers in the 16th century, and French and English settlers in the 17th century. But numbers remained relatively small until waves of mass emigration in the 19th century, when millions of poor families left Europe.

6490:) and because the rain falls primarily on the side of mountains that is oriented towards the sea, forests grow well on this side, while on the other side, the conditions are much less favourable. Few corners of mainland Europe have not been grazed by 12641:, a province that unilaterally declared its independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008, and whose sovereign status is unclear. Population and density figures are from the first results of 2011 census and are given without the disputed territory of 13373:"Europe" (pp. 68–69); "Asia" (pp. 90–91): "A commonly accepted division between Asia and Europe ... is formed by the Ural Mountains, Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosporus and Dardanelles." 10417:

or Blue Star. The trade between East and West, as well as towards Asia, which had been disrupted for a long time by the two world wars, new borders and the Cold War, increased sharply after 1989. In addition, there is new impetus from the Chinese

6857: 6663:, Scandinavia and Russia; a small number also persist in other countries across Europe (Austria, Pyrenees etc.), but in these areas brown bear populations are fragmented and marginalised because of the destruction of their habitat. In addition, 6357:, leading to interchange of animal species. From around 50 million years ago, rising and falling sea levels have determined the actual shape of Europe and its connections with continents such as Asia. Europe's present shape dates to the 17161: – "Lands to the north of the Black Sea probably yielded the most slaves to the Ottomans from 1450. A compilation of estimates indicates that Crimean Tartars seized about 1,750,000 Ukrainians, Poles, and Russians from 1468 to 1694." 2405:'s efforts to make Russia more European, ignored the whole boundary question with his claim that neither Russia, Scandinavia, northern Germany, nor Poland were fully part of Europe. Since then, many modern analytical geographers like 4810:, which officially ended the First World War in 1919, was harsh towards Germany, upon whom it placed full responsibility for the war and imposed heavy sanctions. Excess deaths in Russia over the course of the First World War and the 11220:

By the millennium change, the EU dominated the economy of Europe, comprising the five largest European economies of the time: Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Spain. In 1999, 12 of the 15 members of the EU joined the

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rather than the nearby and parallel running Ob and Irtysh rivers. This was endorsed by the Russian Empire and introduced the convention that would eventually become commonly accepted. However, this did not come without criticism.

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Important European herbivores are snails, larvae, fish, different birds and mammals, like rodents, deer and roe deer, boars and living in the mountains, marmots, steinbocks, chamois among others. A number of insects, such as the

161: 6859: 2473:, the boundary along the Kuma–Manych Depression was the most commonly used as early as 1906. In 1958, the Soviet Geographical Society formally recommended that the boundary between the Europe and Asia be drawn in textbooks from 621: 289: 4620:

was passed, which significantly improved living conditions in many British cities. Europe's population increased from about 100 million in 1700 to 400 million by 1900. The last major famine recorded in Western Europe, the

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with Latin, Slavic and Germanic roots. Cultural contacts and mixtures shape a large part of the regional cultures of Europe. Europe is often described as "maximum cultural diversity with minimal geographical distances".

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frequently raided the Slavic-speaking areas of contemporary Russia and Ukraine for hundreds of years, until the Russian expansion and conquest of most of northern Eurasia (i.e. Eastern Europe, Central Asia and Siberia).

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to maintain his dominant war capacity in Europe. This English disaster also allowed the Spanish fleet to retain its capability to wage war for the next decades. However, two more Spanish armadas failed to invade England

22494: 2631:), or significant advances of continental ice sheets, in Europe and North America, occurred at intervals of approximately 40,000 to 100,000 years. The long glacial periods were separated by more temperate and shorter 2080:

and share a border with Morocco. According to the current convention, Georgia and Azerbaijan are transcontinental countries where waterways have been completely replaced by mountains as the divide between continents.

2039:. In contrast, the present eastern boundary of Europe partially adheres to the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, which is somewhat arbitrary and inconsistent compared to any clear-cut definition of the term "continent". 5025:

and send troops to aid Finland, but their primary objective in the landing was to encircle Germany and cut the Germans off from Scandinavian resources. Around the same time, Germany moved troops into Denmark. The

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Expanding from their base in central Italy beginning in the third century BCE, the Romans gradually expanded to eventually rule the entire Mediterranean basin and Western Europe by the turn of the millennium. The

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took the greater part of eight hundred years, in which period a long list of Alfonsos, Sanchos, Ordoños, Ramiros, Fernandos, and Bermudos would be fighting their Christian rivals as much as the Muslim invaders.

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Possibly 80 to 90 percent of Europe was once covered by forest. It stretched from the Mediterranean Sea to the Arctic Ocean. Although over half of Europe's original forests disappeared through the centuries of

5427:, Britain and Ireland are special cases. The former is a land unto itself in the northern ocean that is counted as part of Europe, while the latter are upland areas that were once joined to the mainland until 20238: 12362:. From the 1980s income inequality has been rising and wage shares have been falling. In 2016, the richest 20% of households earned over five times more than the poorest 20%. Many workers experience stagnant 4366:. According to Peter Barrett, "It is widely accepted that 'modern science' arose in the Europe of the 17th century (towards the end of the Renaissance), introducing a new understanding of the natural world." 14234: 6237:

has implications for all regions of Europe, with the extent and nature of impacts varying across the continent. Impacts on European countries include warmer weather and increasing frequency and intensity of

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Haak, Wolfgang; Lazaridis, Iosif; Patterson, Nick; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Llamas, Bastien; Brandt, Guido; Nordenfelt, Susanne; Harney, Eadaoin; Stewardson, Kristin; Fu, Qiaomei (11 June 2015).

12125:(for which comparable data is available), Moscow covers the largest population, followed in order by Istanbul, London, Paris, Madrid, Milan, Ruhr Area, Saint Petersburg, Rhein-Süd, Barcelona and Berlin. 2023:, but always as a series of rivers, seas and straits that were believed to extend an unknown distance east and north from the Mediterranean Sea without the inclusion of any mountain ranges. Cartographer 21391:: "The assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings is for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories." The 21074:: "The assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings is for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories." The 18696: 2298:

1916 political map of Europe showing most of Moll's waterways replaced by von Strahlenberg's Ural Mountains and Freshfield's Caucasus crest, land features of a type that normally defines a subcontinent

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Europe is normally considered its own continent in the English-speaking world, which uses the seven continent model. Other models consider Europe as part of a Eurasian or Afro-Eurasian continent. See

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developed concerning some countries in Europe, especially Greece, Ireland, Spain and Portugal. As a result, measures were taken, especially for Greece, by the leading countries of the Eurozone. The

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in 1989 and the maps of Central and Eastern Europe were redrawn once more. This made old previously interrupted cultural and economic relationships possible, and previously isolated cities such as

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assets under management represented one-third of the world's wealth. It was one of several regions where wealth surpassed its precrisis year-end peak. As with other continents, Europe has a large

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contain their own complex features, as does mainland Central Europe itself, where the relief contains many plateaus, river valleys and basins that complicate the general trend. Sub-regions like

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fell under the control of various tribes. The Germanic and Slav tribes established their domains over Western and Eastern Europe, respectively. Eventually the Frankish tribes were united under

313: 12853: 9814:, which despite having a unique degree of autonomy, are not largely self-governing in matters other than international affairs. Areas with little more than a unique tax status, such as the 6858: 6443:

Having lived side by side with agricultural peoples for millennia, Europe's animals and plants have been profoundly affected by the presence and activities of humans. With the exception of

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to 28 European countries and once more making Europe a major economical and political centre of power. However, the United Kingdom withdrew from the EU on 31 January 2020, as a result of a

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Karlo Ruzicic-Kessler "Togliatti, Tito and the Shadow of Moscow 1944/45–1948: Post-War Territorial Disputes and the Communist World", In: Journal of European Integration History, (2/2014).

17119: 12804: 11393:. In 2021, 827,000 persons were given citizenship of an EU member state, an increase of about 14% compared with 2020. 2.3 million immigrants from non-EU countries entered the EU in 2021. 6466:

warm the continent. Southern Europe has a warm but mild climate. There are frequent summer droughts in this region. Mountain ridges also affect the conditions. Some of these, such as the

2392:. At this point he proposed that mountain ranges could be included as boundaries between continents as alternatives to nearby waterways. Accordingly, he drew the new boundary north along 298: 19847: 3923:

was reduced by half. Medieval Britain was afflicted by 95 famines, and France suffered the effects of 75 or more in the same period. Europe was devastated in the mid-14th century by the

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coalesced in the 8th century, signifying the new cultural condominium created through the confluence of Germanic traditions and Christian-Latin culture, defined partly in contrast with

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on 6 January 1992. Its status as a sovereign nation is not recognised by any sovereign nation, nor the UN. Population figures stated as of 2003 census and 2000 estimates, respectively.

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of Europe (the number of people per area) is the second highest of any continent, behind Asia. The population of Europe is currently slowly decreasing, by about 0.2% per year, because

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and had doubled production from pre-war levels by the 1950s. France also staged a remarkable comeback enjoying rapid growth and modernisation; later on Spain, under the leadership of

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Michael Frank: Paneuropäisches Picknick – Mit dem Picknickkorb in die Freiheit (German: Pan-European picnic – With the picnic basket to freedom), in: Süddeutsche Zeitung 17 May 2010.

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The First World War, and especially the Second World War, diminished the eminence of Western Europe in world affairs. After the Second World War the map of Europe was redrawn at the

5408:. An arc of uplands also exists along the north-western seaboard, which begins in the western parts of the islands of Britain and Ireland, and then continues along the mountainous, 616:

Europe covers about 10.18 million km (3.93 million sq mi), or 2% of Earth's surface (6.8% of land area), making it the second-smallest continent (using the

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has resulted in an increase in temperature of 2.3 °C (4.14 °F) (2022) in Europe compared to pre-industrial levels. Europe is the fastest warming continent in the world.

20127: 11990:, beginning in antiquity. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Russian Empire had the majority of the world's Jews living within its borders. In 1897, according to 1094:

stated that "phonologically, the match between Europa's name and any form of the Semitic word is very poor", while Beekes considers a connection to Semitic languages improbable.

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The place name Evros was first used by the ancient Greeks to refer to their northernmost province, which bears the same name today. The principal river there – Evros (today's

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The Byzantine Empire also interacted with the world of Islam to its east and the new European civilization of the west. Both interactions proved costly and ultimately fatal.

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is physiographically considered a transcontinental country, mostly in West Asia (the Middle East). Turkey has a small part of its territory (3%) in Southeast Europe called

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and West Germany were reunited in 1990, the economy of West Germany struggled as it had to support and largely rebuild the infrastructure of East Germany, while the latter

22853: 22224: 22066: 7054: 6821: 22544: 22346: 12425: 6852: 4923:. Economic instability, caused in part by debts incurred in the First World War and 'loans' to Germany played havoc in Europe in the late 1920s and 1930s. This, and the 2687:) and disappeared from the fossil record about 40,000 years ago, with their final refuge being the Iberian Peninsula. The Neanderthals were supplanted by modern humans ( 645: 18817: 17518: 17215: 13246: 11351:

Pan and Pfeil (2004) count 87 distinct "peoples of Europe", of which 33 form the majority population in at least one sovereign state, while the remaining 54 constitute

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is the process of political, legal, economic (and in some cases social and cultural) integration of European states as it has been pursued by the powers sponsoring the

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populations to the safer, heavily forested regions of the north, and temporarily halted the expansion of the Rus' state to the south and east. Like many other parts of

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Grosfeld, Irena; Rodnyansky, Alexander; Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina (August 2013). "Persistent Antimarket Culture: A Legacy of the Pale of Settlement after the Holocaust".

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Different cultural events are organised in Europe, with the aim of bringing different cultures closer together and raising awareness of their importance, such as the

2920:. The Greek political ideals were rediscovered in the late 18th century by European philosophers and idealists. Greece also generated many cultural contributions: in 22479: 19960: 19206: 18622:

Thomas Roser: DDR-Massenflucht: Ein Picknick hebt die Welt aus den Angeln (German – Mass exodus of the GDR: A picnic clears the world) In: Die Presse 16 August 2018.

17077: 14733: 14227: 3676:. Economic growth, together with the lack of safety on the mainland trading routes, made possible the development of major commercial routes along the coast of the 2710:

period—marked by the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock, increased numbers of settlements and the widespread use of pottery—began around 7000 BCE in

22504: 22174: 17739: 16967: 13095: 13061: 12061: 11998:. In 1933, there were about 9.5 million Jewish people in Europe, representing 1.7% of the population, but most were killed, and most of the rest displaced, during 11527:. Slavic languages are mostly spoken in Southern, Central and Eastern Europe. Romance languages are spoken primarily in Western and Southern Europe, as well as in 5342: 19983: 18894: 6851: 25191: 22484: 19446: 13460: 12884: 12450: 11154:

was expanded from 6 founding members to 12. The emphasis placed on resurrecting the West German economy led to it overtaking the UK as Europe's largest economy.

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and the Volga, the other following the Kuma–Manych Depression to the Caspian and then the Ural River, and the third abandoning the Don altogether, following the

2253:, the British Isles, France, Christianised western Germany, the Alpine regions and northern and central Italy. The concept is one of the lasting legacies of the 6845: 2218:, linked to Latin and the Catholic church, began to associate itself with the concept of "Europe". The term "Europe" is first used for a cultural sphere in the 22469: 19558: 18686: 5119:. More than 40 million people in Europe had died as a result of the Second World War, including between 11 and 17 million people who perished during 14621: 12718:

is physiographically considered a transcontinental country, mostly in Central Asia (UN region), partly in Eastern Europe, with European territory west of the

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forests in the western Mediterranean. During recent times, deforestation has been slowed and many trees have been planted. However, in many cases monoculture

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Two world wars and an economic depression dominated the first half of the 20th century. The First World War was fought between 1914 and 1918. It started when

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reestablished contacts between Europe, Asia and Africa with extensive trade networks and colonies across the Mediterranean, and had an essential role in the

20848: 16577: 15183: 13030: 2852:

from around the 8th century BCE gradually gave rise to historical Classical antiquity, whose beginning is sometimes dated to 776 BCE, the year of the first

1995:, although politically belonging to Denmark. Nevertheless, there are some exceptions based on sociopolitical and cultural differences. Cyprus is closest to 25181: 22844: 22499: 22189: 20000: 19936: 19629: 16039:

1204 The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople, destroying and pillaging many of its treasures, fatally weakening the empire both economically and militarily

5127:(mostly civilians) during the war, about half of all Second World War casualties. By the end of the Second World War, Europe had more than 40 million 780:

began and were fought to a great extent in Europe, contributing to a decline in Western European dominance in world affairs by the mid-20th century as the

19410: 17145: 2150:

in the 5th century BCE. Herodotus mentioned that the world had been divided by unknown persons into three parts—Europe, Asia, and Libya (Africa)—with the

22430: 15955:

And though the final blow was struck by the Ottoman Turks, it can plausibly be argued that the fatal injury was inflicted by the Latin crusaders in 1204.

14125: 12440: 12224: 11773: 11320: 10244: 4417:

turned into a global war between 1778 and 1783, Britain found itself opposed by a strong coalition of European powers, and lacking any substantial ally.

3154: 2413: 21405: 20417: 16341: 25056: 22201: 21966: 16437: 11994:, the total Jewish population of Russia was 5.1 million people, which was 4.13% of total population. Of this total, the vast majority lived within the 582: 21022: 15201: 14583: 13173: 11287:

The population of Europe was about 742 million in 2023 according to UN estimates. This is slightly more than one ninth of the world's population. The

21922: 21195: 19909: 13121: 10774: 5570:, which equalise the temperatures on an annual and daily average, are also of particular importance. The water of the Mediterranean extends from the 2290:(1721) by Hermann Moll draws the eastern boundary of Europe along the Don River flowing south-west and the Tobol, Irtysh and Ob rivers flowing north. 737:, Europe played a predominant role in global affairs with multiple explorations and conquests around the world. Between the 16th and 20th centuries, 21961: 20525: 18151: 18115: 18047: 16319: 13147: 22341: 20794: 20058: 18287: 18079: 11498: 5197:, which had already started after the First World War, gradually resulted in the independence of most of the European colonies in Asia and Africa. 4946:

In 1933, Hitler became the leader of Germany and began to work towards his goal of building Greater Germany. Germany re-expanded and took back the

333: 20500: 19273: 19184: 14313: 13514: 3346:

While the Roman empire in the west continued to decline, Roman traditions and the Roman state remained strong in the predominantly Greek-speaking

22561: 22489: 22442: 20271: 18850: 13425:

Ancient Greece is often called the cradle of western civilization. ... Ideas from literature and science also have their roots in ancient Greece.

10248: 6494:

at some point in time, and the cutting down of the preagricultural forest habitat caused disruption to the original plant and animal ecosystems.

18397: 16928: 12595:; it has strong historical and sociopolitical connections with Europe. The population and area figures refer to the entire state, including the 6904: 6849: 6439:

Land use map of Europe with arable farmland (yellow), forest (dark green), pasture (light green) and tundra, or bogs, in the north (dark yellow)

4752:). The war left more than 16 million civilians and military dead. Over 60 million European soldiers were mobilised from 1914 to 1918. 26035: 25196: 22798: 21124: 19029: 18508: 17343: 16487: 4346:

marked the start of an Age of Discovery, a period of exploration, invention and scientific development. Among the great figures of the Western

3896:

grew from a small principality under Mongol rule to the largest state in Europe, overthrowing the Mongols in 1480, and eventually becoming the

3121:, a period of unprecedented peace, prosperity and political stability in most of Europe. The empire continued to expand under emperors such as 19878: 19808: 19079:

Carter, J.G. 2011, "Climate change adaptation in European cities", Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 193-198

14374: 12742:; it has strong historical and sociopolitical connections with Europe. The population and area figures include the entire state, respectively. 764:

shaped the continent culturally, politically, and economically from the end of the 17th century until the first half of the 19th century. The

25279: 25221: 22741: 21150: 19238: 17657: 13737: 11267: 6582:

is also widely planted in southern Europe. The semi-arid Mediterranean region hosts much scrub forest. A narrow east–west tongue of Eurasian

5014: 3726: 2447:, as a valley that once connected the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, and subsequently was proposed as a natural boundary between continents. 21269: 20293: 20209: 15997:

continue to stand for another 250 before ultimately falling to the Muslim Turks, but it had been irrevocably weakened by the Fourth Crusade.

10413:

was designed as an economic geographic representation of the respective economic power of the regions, which was further developed into the

6474:, are oriented east–west and allow the wind to carry large masses of water from the ocean in the interior. Others are oriented south–north ( 214: 24566: 23484: 22387: 14420: 14105:Καὶ τῇ Εὐρώπῃ δὲ συνάπτει διὰ τοῦ μεταξὺ αὐχένος τῆς τε Μαιώτιδος λίμνης καὶ τοῦ Σαρματικοῦ Ὠκεανοῦ ἐπὶ τῆς διαβάσεως τοῦ Τανάϊδος ποταμοῦ. 11214: 3173:

outlawed pagan religions. This is sometimes considered to mark the end of antiquity; alternatively antiquity is considered to end with the

21282: 21080: 20820: 19778: 15164: 2158:, rather than the Phasis, as the boundary between Europe and Asia. Europe's eastern frontier was defined in the 1st century by geographer 22746: 22283: 22229: 20326: 20040: 17950: 17891: 16542: 16418:

Spinei, Victor. The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth Century, Brill, 2009,

16393: 15581: 15219: 14763: 14379: 14070: 13642: 12754:

is physiographically considered a transcontinental country, mostly in Western Asia. A small portion of its territory is located north of

6934: 6893: 6364:

The geology of Europe is hugely varied and complex and gives rise to the wide variety of landscapes found across the continent, from the

5124: 3477:

were laid and from where the reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula would start. However, no coordinated attempt would be made to drive the

660:, tempering winters and summers, on much of the continent. Further from the sea, seasonal differences are more noticeable producing more 318: 21664: 18226: 17188: 17032: 16637: 16196: 16154: 16111: 16026: 15984: 15898: 15856: 15262: 14973: 14499:, p. 34: "most Soviet geographers took the watershed of the Main Range of the Greater Caucasus as the boundary between Europe and Asia." 14347: 13922: 13613: 13489: 12678:

population for November 2014. Population and area details include European portion only: Netherlands and three entities outside Europe (

27309: 27168: 22474: 22413: 21397: 20124: 17802: 16370: 14291: 13861: 13412: 11408:

are found on every continent. European ancestry predominates in North America and to a lesser degree in South America (particularly in

11074:

Capitalism has been dominant in the Western world since the end of feudalism. From Britain, it gradually spread throughout Europe. The

4470: 4323: 4150: 3377:, the Muslim Arabs began to make inroads into historically Roman territory, taking the Levant and North Africa and making inroads into 1244: 21420: 21233: 18874: 12786:; it has strong historical and sociopolitical connections with Europe. The population and area figures include Georgian estimates for 6861: 1033:

than Europa. Beekes has located toponyms related to that of Europa in the territory of ancient Greece, and localities such as that of

25136: 21994: 20922: 20547: 19758: 17698: 16517: 14108:"And is connected to Europe by the land-strait between Lake Maiotis and the Sarmatian Ocean where the river Tanais crosses through." 7058: 6247: 3354:. During most of its existence, the Byzantine Empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. Emperor 1224: 20884: 17676: 16608: 3892:. Previously, these territories were under the successive control of Pechenegs and Cumans. From the 12th to the 15th centuries, the 1999:(or Asia Minor), but is considered part of Europe politically and it is a member state of the EU. Malta was considered an island of 27495: 24410: 22837: 22361: 21622: 21088: 19669: 18606: 16646: 12415: 12094:. 64.9% of the residents live on the European side and 35.1% on the Asian side. The next largest cities in order of population are 11922: 11382: 11263: 6267: 633: 21370: 21053: 20679: 19547: 17595: 12887:

by a vast majority of sovereign nations, nor the UN. Population figures stated as of 2003 census and 2000 estimates, respectively.

3919:

that would strike Europe in the late Middle Ages. The period between 1348 and 1420 witnessed the heaviest loss. The population of

24050: 23138: 22273: 22159: 21841: 20396: 17916: 13953: 12800: 9870: 9577: 9542: 7111: 6900: 6847: 4847: 3574: 294: 202: 23419:

within the vicinity of Europe are usually grouped with the continent even though they are not situated on its continental shelf.

12223:

Map purportedly displaying the European continent split along cultural and state borders as proposed by the German organisation

883:

take place every five years within the EU; they are considered to be the second-largest democratic elections in the world after

27302: 27188: 24498: 22554: 21342: 18631:

Der 19. August 1989 war ein Test für Gorbatschows" (German – August 19, 1989 was a test for Gorbachev), In: FAZ 19 August 2009.

18486: 15741:

Gerald Mako, "The Islamization of the Volga Bulghars: A Question Reconsidered", Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 18, 2011, 199–223.

14913:

Douka, Katerina; et al. (2012). "A new chronostratigraphic framework for the Upper Palaeolithic of Riparo Mochi (Italy)".

11132: 6927: 3691:

The Middle Ages on the mainland were dominated by the two upper echelons of the social structure: the nobility and the clergy.

3169:

in his honour in 330 CE. Christianity became the sole official religion of the empire in 380 CE, and in 391–392 CE the emperor

3146: 2338:). But maps produced during the 16th to 18th centuries tended to differ in how to continue the boundary beyond the Don bend at 20151: 20099: 19830: 13239: 11311:

predicts that Europe will decline in population between 2022 and 2050 by −7 per cent, without changing immigration movements.

2210:

The Roman Empire did not attach a strong identity to the concept of continental divisions. However, following the fall of the

27297: 27231: 25076: 22382: 21602: 21581: 21560: 21538: 21519: 21384: 21067: 20178: 19713: 18807: 18753: 18266: 18190: 17989: 17944: 17885: 17577: 17552: 17516: 17501: 17445: 17420: 17391: 17357: 17314: 17285: 17182: 16807: 16703: 16423: 16313: 16244: 16190: 16148: 16105: 16062: 16020: 15978: 15941: 15892: 15850: 15759: 15575: 15536: 15450: 15406: 15378: 15337: 15300: 15256: 15067: 15015: 14967: 14700: 14496: 14472: 14447: 14285: 14198: 14063: 14026: 13798: 13764: 13672: 13607: 13568: 13406: 13366: 12923:, is geographically a part of the continent of North America, but has been politically and culturally associated with Europe. 11381:

Europe is home to the highest number of migrants of all global regions at nearly 87 million people in 2020, according to the

6825: 5132: 4165:

and England soon followed in building large colonial empires with vast holdings in Africa, the Americas and Asia. In 1588, a

4062: 3938:

The plague had a devastating effect on Europe's social structure; it induced people to live for the moment as illustrated by

3442: 2302:

The question of defining a precise eastern boundary of Europe arises in the Early Modern period, as the eastern extension of

189: 21208: 19295:

Bryant, S.; Thomas, C.; Bale, J. (1997). "Nettle-feeding nymphalid butterflies: temperature, development and distribution".

17755: 17633: 15542: 15456: 15306: 14643:

A. Vekua; D. Lordkipanidze; G.P. Rightmire; J. Agusti; R. Ferring; G. Maisuradze; et al. (2002). "A new skull of early

14397: 14095: 13574: 13195: 11440:

have large European-derived populations. Africa has no countries with European-derived majorities (or with the exception of

6854: 5400:, through hilly uplands, into broad, low northern plains, which are vast in the east. This extended lowland is known as the 2283: 27292: 27256: 27195: 22011: 19122: 18427: 18372: 16458: 16276: 16068: 12445: 12122: 11930: 6907: 6855: 6511: 6396:

and the mountainous parts of the British Isles. Major shallow water bodies submerging parts of the northern plains are the

4806:

and the Ottoman Empire collapsed and broke up into separate nations, and many other nations had their borders redrawn. The

880: 19957: 19213: 19055: 17630: 17211: 12262:

This shared cultural heritage is combined by overlapping indigenous national cultures and folklores, roughly divided into

11765:

Multilingualism and the protection of regional and minority languages are recognised political goals in Europe today. The

6894: 6734:, different species of reptiles (like snakes such as vipers and grass snakes) and amphibians, as well as different birds ( 2027:

suggested in 1715 Europe was bounded by a series of partly-joined waterways directed towards the Turkish straits, and the

27285: 27280: 27226: 22830: 21741: 19607:"Peak GDP (PPP) by the World Bank for Russia, Germany, Brazil, France, Italy, Spain, Poland, the Netherlands and Romania" 16964: 14725: 13515:"Qrakh. Thraciae Veteris Typus. Ex conatibus Geographicis Abrah. Ortelij. Cum Imp. Et Belgico privilegio decennali. 1585" 12758:, considered part of Eastern Europe. However the population and area figures are for the entire state. This includes the 11119:, also recovered and the nation recorded huge unprecedented economic growth beginning in the 1960s in what is called the 9782:

Several dependencies and similar territories with broad autonomy are also found within or close to Europe. This includes

5388:

relatively small areas. The southern regions are more mountainous, while moving north the terrain descends from the high

4975: 4686: 4410: 56: 21221: 19158: 17735: 6871: 5142:

and divided into two blocs, the Western countries and the communist Eastern bloc, separated by what was later called by

27154: 26028: 23322: 22278: 22149: 21999: 21618: 21229: 20580: 17846: 17113: 17071: 14145: 13278: 12663: 12518: 10430: 5538:. The climate is milder in comparison to other areas of the same latitude around the globe due to the influence of the 4613: 4292: 3465:

the power of the Muslims in the south was scarcely felt. It was here that the foundations of the Christian kingdoms of

3406: 2048: 1257: 1230: 629: 17: 21169: 21103: 19980: 19454: 13452: 6853: 6848: 6250:

and impacts on ecosystems. European countries are major contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions, although the

5357:

on 24 February 2022, marking the largest humanitarian and refugee crisis in Europe since the Second World War and the

27236: 25272: 25241: 22071: 21503: 20976: 20630: 20605: 17237:

Gipson, Lawrence Henry (1950). "The American Revolution as an Aftermath of the Great War for the Empire, 1754–1763".

17158: 17045: 17006: 16858: 16736: 16677: 16654: 16466: 15513: 13934: 13307: 5338: 5306: 4513: 4280: 3590: 860: 98: 14613: 12508:

control is exercised by its internationally unrecognised government which declared independence from Moldova in 1990

6899: 27251: 27241: 27183: 27161: 27144: 27139: 27058: 25071: 24432: 23848: 23477: 22628: 22566: 22300: 21877: 18902: 16345: 12981:. Whether countries are considered in Europe or Asia can vary in sources, for example in the classification of the 9806:

is also included due to its unique status within Norway, although it is not autonomous. Not included are the three

6864: 6846: 6536: 5305:

between six Western European states with the goal of a unified economic policy and common market. In 1967 the EEC,

5006: 5005:

on 1 September 1939, prompting France and the United Kingdom to declare war on Germany on 3 September, opening the

3174: 2664: 2412:

The mapmakers continued to differ on the boundary between the lower Don and Samara well into the 19th century. The

2090: 738: 687: 21307: 20950: 19476: 18455: 16167:

Although the empire was revived, the events of 1204 had so weakened Byzantium that it was no longer a great power.

13089:"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" 12973:

The map shows one of the most commonly accepted delineations of the geographical boundaries of Europe, as used by

11947:

is the second most popular religion in Europe. Over 25 million, or roughly 5% of the population, adhere to it. In

5597: 2604: 27261: 27090: 26956: 26870: 26820: 25171: 25106: 24151: 24017: 23387: 22397: 22256: 21142: 19384: 19090: 16573: 13022: 9865: 9807: 9571: 7105: 5224: 4979: 4857: 4249: 4200:. The principal military base of Philip II in Europe was the Spanish road stretching from the Netherlands to the 3673: 2462:

advocating the Caucasus crest boundary as the "best possible", citing support from various "modern geographers".

863:

since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. A majority of its members have adopted a common currency, the

821: 23824: 21295: 20715: 19626: 6860: 4222:

criticising the selling of indulgences to the church door. He was subsequently excommunicated in the papal bull

2458:

to the Caspian. The question was still treated as a "controversy" in geographical literature of the 1860s, with

27205: 24362: 23972: 22290: 19530: 19414: 19361: 18006: 12763: 12155: 11975:, all of which are at the border to Asia. Many countries in Europe are home to a sizeable Muslim minority, and 11241: 11237: 10442: 9811: 6881: 6207:

Increase of average yearly temperature (2000-2017) above the 20th century average in selected cities in Europe

6203: 3916: 3806: 2493:; and Kuma–Manych Depression, thus placing the Caucasus entirely in Asia and the Urals entirely in Europe. The 1947: 19505:

Some data refers to IMF staff estimates but some are actual figures for the year 2017, made on 12 April 2017.

16434: 10463:

As a whole, Europe's GDP per capita is US$ 21,767 according to a 2016 International Monetary Fund assessment.

6898: 6336:, later resplitting around 550 million years ago to reform as Baltica. Around 440 million years ago 3641: 3613:

became an Islamic state in the 10th century, but was eventually absorbed into Russia several centuries later.

2683:) appeared in Europe 150,000 years ago (115,000 years ago it is found already in the territory of present-day 27515: 27500: 26021: 25981: 24515: 24007: 22675: 22246: 22219: 21256: 20763: 20421: 18035:"Asserts Serbians Face Extinction; Their Plight in Occupied Districts Worse Than Belgians', Says Labor Envoy" 12299: 12067: 11987: 11739: 11723: 6991:

has been the focus of economic integration on the continent since its foundation in 1993. More recently, the

6863: 5115:, ending the Second World War in Europe. The war was the largest and most destructive in human history, with 4668: 4571: 4327: 4197: 3912: 2365: 1016: 417: 122: 21638: 20650: 20263: 15205: 13329: 11445: 6906: 6902: 6882: 27548: 27200: 26830: 26557: 26262: 25887: 25265: 25126: 25111: 25006: 23235: 22263: 22169: 21011: 19901: 13169: 12940: 12936: 12183: 10399: 9799: 6288: 6218: 5104: 3578: 2556: 915:

of the 6th century BCE, dividing the known world into three large landmasses, one of which was named Europe

872: 21193: 20517: 14591: 13117: 11986:

population in Europe was about 1.4 million people in 2020 (about 0.2% of the population). There is a long

5064: 3461:

in 732, which ended their northward advance. In the remote regions of north-western Iberia and the middle

26687: 25847: 24532: 24043: 23470: 23413:

Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.

22618: 22392: 21940: 21927: 21834: 21642: 21491: 19902:"Global Markets Shudder: Doubts About U.S. Economy and a Debt Crunch in Europe Jolt Hopes for a Recovery" 19517: 19180: 18140: 18104: 18034: 17837:

Heinrich August Winkler (2015). "The Struggle for Independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Finland".

16303: 13773: 13358: 13143: 12974: 12295: 11959:

in Southeastern Europe, Islam instead of Christianity is the majority religion. This is also the case in

6447:

and northern Russia, few areas of untouched wilderness are currently found in Europe, except for various

5379:

General topographic map of Europe showing physical, political and population characteristics, as per 2024

5350: 5302: 4998: 3860: 3374: 3264: 2771: 2639:

ended about 10,000 years ago. Earth is currently in an interglacial period of the Quaternary, called the

2417: 1038: 1023:, who has argued in favour of a pre-Indo-European origin for the name, explaining that a derivation from 22613: 22051: 21019:

Expert Group Meeting on Policy Responses to Population Ageing and Population Decline /UN/POP/PRA/2000/14

18283: 18072: 16258:

Western Christians, not Muslims, fatally crippled Byzantine power and opened Islam's path into the West.

13002:

This number includes Siberia, (about 38 million people) but excludes European Turkey (about 12 million).

11087: 6889: 6888: 5013:

started on 17 September and Poland fell soon thereafter. On 24 September, the Soviet Union attacked the

3672:

During the High Middle Ages the population of Europe experienced significant growth, culminating in the

3481:

out. The Christian kingdoms were mainly focused on their own internal power struggles. As a result, the

2003:

for centuries, but now it is considered to be part of Europe as well. "Europe", as used specifically in

26865: 26850: 26148: 26133: 24403: 24126: 23946: 22522: 22351: 22078: 21956: 21934: 21703: 21438: 21177: 20497: 19265: 18840: 15426: 14317: 12695: 12455: 11539:

in Eastern Europe. Germanic languages are spoken in Western, Northern and Central Europe as well as in

11328: 11124: 7063:

This list includes all internationally recognised sovereign countries falling even partially under any

6879: 6676: 5496: 5285:, with the idea of unifying Europe to achieve common goals. It includes all European states except for 4823: 4414: 3204: 2455: 2433: 718: 21632: 21128: 19570: 19127: 16379: 12978: 11202:

With the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe in 1991, the post-socialist states underwent

6953:

The political map of Europe is substantially derived from the re-organisation of Europe following the

6874: 6873: 6850: 27246: 27178: 27149: 27134: 26875: 26800: 25792: 25782: 25535: 25051: 25011: 24452: 22729: 22534: 22307: 22041: 22016: 21675: 21182: 21164: 21087:

places Azerbaijan in South Western Asia, with a small portion north of the Caucasus range in Europe.

18406: 15663: 12460: 12247:), as established or defended throughout the medieval and early modern history of Europe, especially 11346: 11292: 11203: 9858: 9564: 7098: 6897: 6891: 6887: 6325: 6255: 6226: 5326: 5167: 5010: 4924: 4617: 4537: 4237: 3920: 3844: 3553:

spread its territory all the way south to the Balkans, reaching its largest territorial extent under

3390: 3382: 2805: 1272: 20081: 16479: 16082:

Constantinople in 1453, sheer poverty and weakness were the causes of the capital city's final fall.

12603:

which is not recognised as a sovereign nation by the vast majority of sovereign nations, nor the UN.

11921:. Although Christianity originated in the Middle East, its centre of mass shifted to Europe when it 10253: 6886: 4449:

resulted in the further dissemination of the ideals of the French Revolution, including that of the

4275:; the region experienced more than 150 famines in a 200-year period between 1501 and 1700. From the 4049:. The Renaissance spread across Europe between the 14th and 16th centuries: it saw the flowering of 3000:, considered a pivotal moment in world history, as the 50 years of peace that followed are known as 2409:

have declared that they see little validity in the Ural Mountains as a boundary between continents.

2310:. Throughout the Middle Ages and into the 18th century, the traditional division of the landmass of 521:

Includes Asian population. Istanbul is a transcontinental city which straddles both Asia and Europe.

26835: 26752: 26335: 26048: 26001: 25767: 25151: 24879: 24641: 24601: 24591: 24539: 23781: 22061: 22031: 22026: 21931: 21290: 19868: 19800: 17654: 16992:

Virginia Aksan, Ottoman Wars, 1700–1860: An Empire Besieged, (Pearson Education Limited, 2007), 28.

11687: 10419: 6912: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6901: 6880: 6875: 6872: 6856: 6230: 6196: 4596: 4584: 4284: 4157:(1519–1522). Soon after, the Spanish and Portuguese began establishing large global empires in the 2809: 935: 898: 769: 285: 26013: 19242: 13698: 6896: 6884: 6535:

Europe is just 2–3% or less, while in its Western Russia its 5–10%. The European country with the

5189:, the United States and the Soviet Union, became locked in a fifty-year-long Cold War, centred on 4154: 3699:

in the Early Middle Ages, and soon spread throughout Europe. A struggle for influence between the

3004:, the seminal period of ancient Greece that laid many of the foundations of Western civilisation. 27482: 27173: 27080: 26757: 26467: 26462: 25824: 25819: 24929: 24837: 24136: 24131: 23997: 22724: 22164: 22133: 21267: 21021:. United Nations Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. pp. 6, 10. 20651:"Global Christianity – A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population" 20548:"Global Christianity – A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population" 20300: 20213: 17706: 15007: 14908: 12267: 11918: 11882: 11504: 11340: 11079:

strength of the United States. The Second World War, again, damaged much of Europe's industries.

7042: 6992: 6970: 6958: 6892: 6877: 6869: 6868: 6865: 5116: 5001:, which allowed the Soviets to invade the Baltic states and parts of Poland and Romania. Germany 4896: 4490: 3931:

in human history which killed an estimated 25 million people in Europe alone—a third of the

3879:, were mostly Turkic-speaking peoples under Mongol suzerainty. They established the state of the 3754: 3606: 2781:

The modern native populations of Europe largely descend from three distinct lineages: Mesolithic

2254: 2219: 2064:

separated from Europe by large bodies of water. Spain, for example, has territories south of the

2043: 817: 670:

consists of a range of national and regional cultures, which form the central roots of the wider

275: 181: 31: 15184:"Thousands of horsemen may have swept into Bronze Age Europe, transforming the local population" 14424: 6911: 6910: 6909: 6895: 6876: 6372:

of Hungary. Europe's most significant feature is the dichotomy between highland and mountainous

1991:

is considered to be part of Europe, while the nearby island of Greenland is usually assigned to

27459: 27266: 26860: 26663: 25762: 25101: 25091: 24680: 24611: 24596: 24077: 24036: 23774: 23768: 23745: 23662: 22908: 22706: 22665: 22655: 22241: 21827: 21100: 21078: 19774: 15933: 15030: 12303: 12256: 12248: 11952: 11683: 11397: 11257: 7484: 7477: 7469: 6890: 6885: 6695: 6579: 6501:

Floristic regions of Europe and neighbouring areas, according to Wolfgang Frey and Rainer Lösch

6475: 6463: 6393: 5069: 5058: 5050: 4990: 4974:

inhabited by ethnic Germans. In early 1939, the remainder of Czechoslovakia was split into the

4815: 4622: 4557: 4532:

perceived the preservation of the Ottoman Empire to be in their best interests. Meanwhile, the

4502: 4454: 4265: 4240:

spread with Protestantism. The plunder of the empires of the Americas allowed Spain to finance

4209: 3872: 3821: 3817: 3794: 3570: 3554: 3181:

in 529 CE; or the rise of Islam in the early 7th century CE. During most of its existence, the

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27 European states are members of the politico-economic European Union, 26 of the border-free

6923:

showing the relationships between various multinational European organisations and agreements

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Sea creatures are also an important part of European flora and fauna. The sea flora is mainly

4755: 772:

at the end of the 18th century, gave rise to radical economic, cultural, and social change in

132: 27552: 27416: 27336: 26979: 26880: 26489: 25647: 25555: 25365: 25360: 25211: 25186: 25116: 24799: 24527: 24300: 24258: 24228: 23941: 23391: 23254: 23225: 22736: 21510:

Bulliet, Richard; Crossley, Pamela; Headrick, Daniel; Hirsch, Steven; Johnson, Lyman (2011).

19207:"State of Europe's Forests 2007: The MCPFE report on sustainable forest management in Europe" 18218: 17412: 17172: 17029: 16634: 16367: 15246: 14957: 14438:

Tutin, T.G.; Heywood, V.H.; Burges, N.A.; Valentine, D.H.; Walters, S.M.; Webb, D.A. (1964).

14344: 13975: 13917: 13597: 12565: 12475: 11991: 11976: 11671: 11364: 11296: 11075: 10403: 9978: 9971: 9963: 9897: 9890: 6620: 6570:

forest; further north within Russia and extreme northern Scandinavia, the taiga gives way to

5535: 5337:

as a unified currency. Between 2004 and 2013, more Central European countries began joining,

5330: 5190: 5100: 5081: 4701: 4592: 4580: 4422: 4381: 4347: 4070: 3991: 3893: 3716: 2853: 2628: 2138:. Anaximander placed the boundary between Asia and Europe along the Phasis River (the modern 2100: 765: 23535: 21417: 21395: 18394: 17806: 17303: 14363: 14275: 13984: 13482: 13396: 10452:

Some European countries are much richer than others. The richest in terms of nominal GDP is

6550:

and coniferous trees dominate. The most important species in central and western Europe are

5041:

but failed to convince the Britons to give up. In 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union in

4966:

signed by Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and Italy, later in 1938 Germany annexed the

4520:

struggled to safeguard their strategic and commercial interests in the Ottoman domains. The

80: 27426: 26402: 26120: 25986: 25741: 25632: 25206: 24961: 24874: 24852: 24775: 24771: 24700: 24616: 24561: 24556: 24379: 24223: 24112: 23977: 23556: 22753: 22118: 22004: 21237: 20740: 19304: 18950: 18871: 16514: 15970:

A Glorious Disaster: A.D. 1100 to 1300: The Crusades: Blood, Valor, Iniquity, Reason, Faith

15112: 14922: 14856: 14799: 14656: 14539: 13891: 12883:

on 25 August 1990 and 28 November 1991, respectively. Their status as sovereign nations is

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through the Low Countries. France capitulated in June 1940. By August, Germany had begun a

4807: 4783: 4690: 4389: 4304: 4245: 4122: 4034: 3505: 3347: 3001: 2794: 2747: 2211: 2135: 1873: 831:

European integration is being advanced institutionally since 1948 with the founding of the

825: 753: 710: 247: 19755: 19005:"Europe is getting warmer, and it's not looking like it's going to cool down anytime soon" 18933:

Beck, Hylke E.; Zimmermann, Niklaus E.; McVicar, Tim R.; Vergopolan, Noemi; Berg, Alexis;

18808:"Protecting Ukrainian refugees: What can we learn from the response to Kosovo in the 90s?" 18649:

Andreas Rödder, Deutschland einig Vaterland – Die Geschichte der Wiedervereinigung (2009).

18594:

Christian Jennings "Flashpoint Trieste: The First Battle of the Cold War", (2017), pp 244.

17711: 16600: 6221:. According to international climate experts, global temperature rise should not exceed 2 5248: 1951:

Definitions used for the boundary between Asia and Europe in different periods of history.

8: 27588: 27075: 26740: 26677: 26653: 26484: 26345: 26291: 26232: 26203: 26143: 26138: 25996: 25943: 25733: 25692: 25231: 25096: 24966: 24756: 24685: 24442: 24415: 24398: 24386: 24208: 24164: 24002: 23853: 23794: 23657: 23561: 23493: 23347: 23180: 22978: 22549: 22539: 22366: 22251: 21982: 21902: 21887: 21651: 20914: 20684: 19606: 19349: 17673: 14707: 14087: 12659: 12400: 11798: 11711: 11560: 11491: 11481: 10441:

as a common currency. Five European countries rank in the top ten of the world's largest

10395: 10379: 9914: 9879: 9787: 9584: 8156: 8149: 7026: 6815: 6747: 6656: 6376:

and a vast, partially underwater, northern plain ranging from Ireland in the west to the

6263: 5370: 5346: 5322: 5244: 5232: 4498: 4486: 4462: 4434: 4406: 4296: 4253: 4241: 4118: 3977: 3949: 3932: 3802: 3734: 3636: 3531: 3466: 2865: 2841: 2817: 2813: 2739: 2676: 2636: 2451: 2421: 2343: 2177: 2173: 2020: 1909: 1432: 1064: 1020: 840: 813: 722: 706: 661: 546: 309: 149: 25652: 23914: 23907: 23326: 19665: 19308: 19030:"Climate change impacts scar Europe, but increase in renewables signals hope for future" 18954: 17592: 15116: 14926: 14860: 14803: 14660: 14543: 13638:

Hellenosemitica: An Ethnic and Cultural Study in West Semitic Impact on Mycenaean Greece

11551:, for example). Other Indo-European languages outside the three main groups include the 6675:, the second-largest predator in Europe after the brown bear, can be found primarily in 6497: 5095:

in 1943, the German offensive in the Soviet Union turned into a continual fallback. The

4864: 3157:. Constantine also permanently moved the capital of the empire from Rome to the city of 2696: 2314:

into two continents, Europe and Asia, followed Ptolemy, with the boundary following the

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Michael Gehler "Der alte und der neue Kalte Krieg in Europa" In: Die Presse 19.11.2015.

18603: 18550: 18542: 18180: 18042: 17254: 16797: 16693: 15442:

The Battle of Salamis: The Naval Encounter That Saved Greece – and Western Civilization

15370: 15141: 15102: 15088: 15051: 14885: 14844: 14825: 14756:"Neanderthals Died Out 10,000 Years Earlier Than Thought, With Help From Modern Humans" 14680: 14560: 14525: 13840: 13832: 13729: 12982: 12553: 11995: 11785: 11619: 11548: 11520: 11324: 11323:

of child-bearing age is 1.52, far below the replacement rate. The UN predicts a steady

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as a result of which the monarchy and many of the nobility perished during the initial

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By the mid-19th century, there were three main conventions, one following the Don, the

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of the 9th century. From that time, the term designated the sphere of influence of the

2155: 2154:

and the Phasis forming their boundaries—though he also states that some considered the

2015: 2008: 1933: 1158:

is also sometimes used in Japanese such as in the Japanese name of the European Union,

884: 550: 375: 259: 23951: 21658: 21368: 21051: 20393: 17913: 16920: 15926: 15089:"Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe" 13949: 12270:

and Germanic, but with several components not part of either of these groups (notably

11547:

in Southern Europe. Languages in adjacent areas show significant overlaps (such as in

5227:

movement in Poland weakened the previously rigid communist system. The opening of the

2368:

was the first to depart from the classical Don boundary. He drew a new line along the

2130:. As a name for a part of the known world, it is first used in the 6th century BCE by 70: 27444: 27063: 26890: 26855: 26716: 26711: 26692: 26501: 26328: 26088: 25918: 25772: 25737: 25081: 24983: 24971: 24956: 24936: 24847: 24794: 24766: 24748: 24551: 24427: 24420: 24233: 24181: 24159: 24087: 23883: 23805: 23799: 23739: 23597: 23571: 23551: 23530: 23445: 22953: 22779: 22772: 22687: 22588: 22576: 22325: 22154: 22056: 22036: 22021: 21862: 21854: 21776: 21687: 21598: 21577: 21556: 21534: 21515: 21499: 21120: 20972: 20637:

Christianity has undoubtedly shaped European identity, culture, destiny, and history.

20626: 20601: 20576: 20468: 20362:"Work in progress: Indirect passage from Europe Transmigration via the UK, 1836–1914" 20184: 20174: 19709: 19316: 18976: 18576:

Jessica Caus "Am Checkpoint Charlie lebt der Kalte Krieg" In: Die Welt 4 August 2015.

18554: 18262: 18186: 18011: 17985: 17974: 17940: 17881: 17842: 17573: 17548: 17541: 17497: 17441: 17416: 17387: 17353: 17310: 17281: 17178: 17154: 17109: 17067: 17041: 16921:"European History/Religious Wars in Europe – Wikibooks, open books for an open world" 16854: 16803: 16732: 16699: 16673: 16650: 16462: 16419: 16309: 16240: 16233: 16186: 16144: 16101: 16058: 16016: 15974: 15937: 15888: 15846: 15755: 15571: 15532: 15509: 15446: 15402: 15374: 15333: 15296: 15252: 15146: 15128: 15063: 15011: 14963: 14938: 14890: 14829: 14817: 14672: 14565: 14492: 14468: 14443: 14281: 14194: 14141: 14059: 14022: 13930: 13844: 13794: 13733: 13721: 13603: 13564: 13402: 13362: 12951:

control is exercised by governments which declared independence from Ukraine in 2014.

12880: 12779: 12371: 12244: 12210: 12204: 12007: 11938: 11766: 11719: 11707: 11611: 11600: 11596: 11508: 11486: 11469: 11405: 11390: 11368: 11280: 11195: 11112: 10429:

The European Union, a political entity composed of 27 European states, comprises the

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are comparable to the entire European landmass, not to a single European country. ."

2474: 2406: 2303: 2274: 2143: 2065: 1980: 1941: 1865: 1404: 1055: 1034: 852: 832: 757: 734: 657: 649: 562: 380: 25226: 22046: 21696: 21627: 21529:

Brown, Stephen F.; Anatolios, Khaled; Palmer, Martin (2009). O'Brien, Joanne (ed.).

21463: 21338: 19324: 18478: 17877:

Accounting for War: Soviet Production, Employment, and the Defence Burden, 1940–1945

17490: 14684: 12239:

and its cultures. The boundaries of Europe were historically understood as those of

12231:"Europe" as a cultural concept is substantially derived from the shared heritage of 7019: 3047:, and many more key aspects in western civilisation. By 200 BCE, Rome had conquered 1964: 1266:: countries not geographically in Europe, but closely associated with the continent 27525: 27520: 27510: 27439: 27116: 27070: 27013: 26942: 26805: 26699: 26648: 26626: 26479: 26426: 26365: 25933: 25907: 25597: 24842: 24832: 24658: 24606: 24510: 24374: 24263: 24213: 24191: 24186: 24117: 23982: 23901: 23858: 23843: 23818: 23813: 23758: 23723: 23708: 23698: 23667: 23636: 23587: 23566: 23515: 23510: 23501: 23383: 22714: 22640: 22623: 22601: 22356: 21729: 21691: 20767: 20456: 20373: 20148: 20103: 19834: 19312: 18966: 18958: 18691: 18534: 17246: 16689: 15136: 15120: 15093: 14930: 14880: 14872: 14864: 14807: 14664: 14555: 14547: 14530: 14172: 14133: 13824: 13713: 12896: 12767: 12755: 12359: 12099: 11956: 11934: 11759: 11751: 11747: 11735: 11727: 11679: 11675: 11667: 11655: 11615: 11607: 11584: 11564: 11556: 11552: 11524: 11271: 11116: 7206: 6984: 6711: 6608: 6310: 6306: 6271: 5794: 5593: 5555: 5514: 5139: 5112: 5073: 5034: 4963: 4928: 4908: 4900: 4876: 4822:'s leadership, confiscations of grain by the Soviet authorities contributed to the 4660: 4652: 4509: 4261: 4038: 4004: 3995: 3814: 3758: 3750: 3720: 3666: 3662: 3626: 3622: 3586: 3497: 3398: 3351: 3182: 3178: 3130: 2227: 2181: 1955: 1593: 1203:") is used casually in referring to much of Europe, besides official names such as 908: 726: 695: 691: 667: 641: 636:, spanning 39% of the continent and comprising 15% of its population. Europe had a 602: 458: 365: 360: 350: 340: 23713: 20378: 20361: 18745: 18525:

Schechtman, Joseph B. (1953). "Postwar Population Transfers in Europe: A Survey".

14697: 13761: 13664: 5017:

and, on 30 November, Finland, the latter of which was followed by the devastating

3528:, which eventually became centred in the German principalities of central Europe. 3362:

that forms the basis of many modern legal systems, funded the construction of the

1842: 788:

took prominence and competed over dominance in Europe and globally. The resulting

63: 27583: 27411: 26912: 26900: 26885: 26840: 26790: 26730: 26672: 26633: 26621: 26614: 26523: 26340: 26323: 26298: 25923: 25893: 25834: 25657: 25216: 25156: 25041: 24889: 24884: 24862: 24782: 24736: 24493: 24447: 24345: 24322: 24305: 24278: 24063: 23933: 23927: 23868: 23631: 23626: 23602: 23438: 23351: 23159: 23038: 22865: 22788: 22695: 22682: 22670: 22645: 22635: 22571: 21571: 21424: 21412: 21401: 21388: 21382: 21374: 21299: 21286: 21273: 21260: 21225: 21212: 21206: 21199: 21186: 21173: 21107: 21095: 21084: 21071: 21065: 21057: 20954: 20504: 20400: 20155: 20131: 19987: 19964: 19854: 19762: 19633: 19513: 18939:"Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution" 18878: 18610: 18401: 18376: 17920: 17743: 17680: 17661: 17637: 17599: 17522: 17349: 17149: 17142: 17103: 17061: 17057: 17036: 16971: 16641: 16521: 16491: 16441: 16374: 16270: 16052: 15526: 15440: 15290: 14934: 14704: 14393: 14351: 14223: 14137: 14121: 14099: 14092: 14074: 13926: 13768: 13558: 13528: 13203: 12600: 12561: 12526: 12430: 12367: 12342: 12316: 11964: 11755: 11743: 11663: 11639: 11635: 11588: 11572: 11377:

Map showing areas of European settlement (people who claim full European descent)

11352: 11316: 11120: 10449:): Germany (6), Russia (7), the United Kingdom (10), France (11) and Italy (13). 9840: 9681: 9674: 9666: 9551: 8722: 8715: 8707: 8452: 7015: 6954: 6624: 6603: 6547: 6373: 6239: 5912: 5171: 5170:, founded in 1947 with the UN, was dissolved in 1954 and 1975, respectively. The 5135:

in Central and Eastern Europe displaced a total of about 20 million people.

5096: 5046: 4931:. Helped by the economic crisis, social instability and the threat of communism, 4892: 4803: 4760: 4737: 4693: 4678: 4656: 4482: 4458: 4438: 4426: 4319: 4050: 3964:

and mortalities until the 18th century. During this period, more than 100 plague

3470: 3458: 3308: 3138: 3126: 2825: 2798: 2782: 2755: 2672: 2660: 2486: 2402: 2381: 2315: 2215: 2004: 1542: 1334: 1082: 931: 761: 714: 671: 586: 370: 355: 345: 253: 25970: 23863: 23693: 20003:. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division 19132: 18419: 18369: 16097:

History of the World Christian Movement: Volume 1: Earliest Christianity To 1453

11191: 4271:

The 17th century in Central and parts of Eastern Europe was a period of general

3948:(1353). It was a serious blow to the Roman Catholic Church and led to increased 3267:, Europe entered a long period of change arising from what historians call the " 3232: 3185:

was one of the most powerful economic, cultural, and military forces in Europe.

1191:

being more commonly used. In some Turkic languages, the originally Persian name

27556: 27505: 27404: 27368: 27348: 27331: 27271: 27035: 26927: 26905: 26895: 26747: 26725: 26609: 26604: 26589: 26584: 26511: 26457: 26409: 26380: 26286: 26276: 25855: 25575: 25529: 25246: 25166: 25121: 25061: 25026: 24818: 24731: 24636: 24544: 24335: 24169: 24092: 23922: 23789: 23592: 23520: 23416: 23113: 22928: 22211: 21892: 21548: 21364: 21303: 20943: 20855: 20067: 19873: 18812: 18687:"Russia Quits Europe's Rule of Law Body, Sparking Questions Over Death Penalty" 17099: 14999: 14812: 14787: 14642: 14551: 13938:

These islands Pliny, as well as Strabo and Ptolemy, included in the African sea

13665:"Europe – Origin and meaning of the name Europe by Online Etymology Dictionary" 12719: 12557: 12410: 12275: 12232: 12011: 11910: 11898: 11699: 11695: 11691: 11623: 11592: 11580: 11568: 11512: 11308: 11303:

Europe will reach 30%. This is caused by the fact that the population has been

11245: 10905: 10806: 10558: 10507: 10391: 10387: 10383: 9995: 9815: 9441: 9434: 9426: 7688: 7681: 7673: 7007: 6988: 6691: 6680: 6632: 6594:

and southern Russia and ends in Hungary and traverses into taiga to the north.

6421: 6377: 6322: 6251: 6234: 6210: 5590:. None of them is located at high altitude; most of them are close to the sea. 5547: 5543: 5486: 5428: 5318: 5298: 5204: 5194: 5054: 4971: 4772: 4749: 4733: 4717: 4713: 4697: 4529: 4521: 4375: 4335: 4315: 4300: 4276: 4257: 4252:, killing between 25 and 40 percent of its population. In the aftermath of the 4224: 4201: 4170: 4166: 4109: 4046: 3864: 3852: 3825: 3810: 3684:. The growing wealth and independence acquired by some coastal cities gave the 3610: 3594: 3582: 3454: 3296: 3194: 3166: 3122: 3104: 3052: 2945: 2871: 2849: 2845: 2624: 2612: 2495: 2393: 2389: 2339: 2294: 2223: 1921: 1658: 1351: 856: 836: 773: 730: 699: 675: 590: 558: 390: 385: 20188: 20173:. NEW YORK: International Organization for Migration (IOM). 2021. p. 87. 18776:"Ukrainian exodus could be Europe's biggest refugee crisis since World War II" 18538: 12141: 12052:. They are estimated to make up about 18.3% of Europe's population currently. 11295:. This natural decrease in population is reduced by the fact that more people 5375: 5349:, which has been ongoing since 2014, steeply escalated when Russia launched a 4696:. Most European nations were drawn into the war, which was fought between the 3797:, ending over seven centuries of Islamic rule in the south-western peninsula. 2824:, the first advanced civilisation in Europe. The Minoans were followed by the 2663:

hominin remains, dating back roughly 1 million years, have been discovered in

27577: 27530: 27399: 27391: 27358: 27095: 27045: 26937: 26932: 26922: 26772: 26735: 26643: 26638: 26540: 26445: 25872: 25410: 25405: 25395: 25390: 25201: 25086: 25001: 24946: 24806: 24726: 24621: 24471: 24464: 24357: 24310: 24203: 24059: 23608: 23450: 23198: 23164: 22998: 22809: 22793: 22596: 22295: 22123: 21717: 19154: 18658:

Padraic Kenney "A Carnival of Revolution: Central Europe 1989" (2002) pp 109.

17273: 16665: 15630: 15132: 15038: 14526:"Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers" 14358:, Volumes 13–14, 1869. Cited as de facto convention by Baron von Haxthausen, 13725: 12872: 12791: 12391: 12279: 12271: 12263: 12219: 11999: 11906: 11731: 11715: 11631: 11627: 11576: 11425: 11143: 10414: 10058: 10051: 10043: 9723: 9716: 9708: 9699: 8553: 8348: 8341: 8333: 6999: 6920: 6754: 6723: 6672: 6507: 6448: 6358: 6302: 5571: 5559: 5468: 5358: 5120: 5085: 4888: 4835: 4741: 4441:, grew to encompass large parts of Europe before collapsing in 1815 with the 4433:

rose to power in the aftermath of the French Revolution, and established the

4229: 4213: 4146: 4130: 3944: 3762: 3738: 3550: 3426: 3373:

were severely weakened due to the protracted, centuries-lasting and frequent

3150: 3088: 2786: 2576: 2504: 2500: 2231: 2123: 2106: 1992: 1897: 1825: 1780: 1667: 1486: 985: 957: 876: 844: 839:(EU), which represents today the majority of Europe. The European Union is a 785: 403: 24028: 22606: 21219: 20445:"Classification Trends among Contemporary Filipino Crania Using Fordisc 3.1" 20294:"Ensaio sobre a imigração portuguesa e os padrões de miscigenação no Brasil" 19933:"European Leaders Try to Calm Fears Over Greek Debt Crisis and Protect Euro" 17174:

Controversy in marketing theory: for reason, realism, truth, and objectivity

15711: 14845:"The genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia" 14668: 13271: 12961: 12323: 11389:

of 1.8 million people. This accounted for almost 85% of Europe's total

11215:

experienced sudden mass unemployment and plummeting of industrial production

11162: 6510:, Europe still has over one quarter of its land area as forest, such as the 3007: 927:, which itself was also called Europe, before the term meant the continent. 617: 453: 27434: 27373: 27353: 27343: 27053: 27025: 26780: 26518: 26452: 26421: 26370: 26242: 26171: 26108: 26098: 25975: 25928: 25662: 25637: 25448: 25443: 25236: 25036: 24941: 24787: 24761: 24670: 24352: 24340: 24288: 24248: 24243: 24107: 24102: 23641: 23203: 23169: 23118: 21917: 21912: 21378: 21167: 20992: 20168: 19338: 18980: 18962: 17438:

Napoleon and the Transformation of Europe (European History in Perspective)

17339: 15150: 15055: 14995: 14942: 14894: 14821: 14676: 14569: 14467:(2nd ed.). Cambridge New York Melbourne : Cambridge University Press. 12920: 12687: 12497: 12405: 12345:

tends to be highly organized with many sports having professional leagues.

12236: 12214: 11926: 11870: 11808: 11516: 11453: 11448:, depending on context), but there are significant minorities, such as the 11210: 11128: 10035: 9791: 9760: 9753: 9745: 9495: 9481: 9474: 9466: 7120: 6612: 6479: 6444: 6293: 5575: 5294: 5236: 5228: 5147: 4940: 4936: 4872: 4868: 4853: 4779: 4605: 4601: 4576: 4450: 4363: 4343: 4311: 4138: 4098: 4086: 4066: 4014: 3880: 3566: 3558: 3535: 3363: 3170: 3142: 3112: 3068: 3020: 3012: 2875: 2763: 2751: 2743: 2692: 2632: 2516: 2470: 2377: 2358: 2323: 2119: 2036: 2028: 1987:

Islands are generally grouped with the nearest continental landmass, hence

1925: 1853: 1734: 1724: 1715: 1706: 1676: 903: 809: 801: 793: 781: 679: 594: 574: 554: 20022: 19848:

Thanks to the Bank it's a crisis; in the eurozone it's a total catastrophe

18451:

The State of The World's Refugees 2000: Fifty Years of Humanitarian Action

17002: 13717: 13303: 11373: 11206:

measures to liberalise their economies and implement free market reforms.

8126: 6578:

trees have been planted, which are very well adapted to its arid climate;

6380:

in the east. These two halves are separated by the mountain chains of the

5636: 4189: 3761:

and the Roman Catholic Church in the former Western Roman Empire. In 1095

2880: 2346:), into territory not described in any detail by the ancient geographers. 27490: 27449: 27380: 27085: 26974: 26917: 26845: 26795: 26682: 26658: 26547: 26385: 26303: 26281: 26257: 26103: 26093: 25829: 25797: 25787: 25176: 24924: 24919: 24911: 24896: 24721: 24626: 24437: 24273: 24238: 24218: 24198: 24176: 24141: 23525: 23281: 23098: 23033: 22179: 21907: 21897: 21759: 20460: 19706:

Rethinking International Organisation: Deregulation and Global Governance

17063:

After the Deluge; Poland-Lithuania and the Second Northern War, 1655–1660

15677:

Kennedy, Hugh (1995). "The Muslims in Europe". In McKitterick, Rosamund,

15394: 15362: 12820: 12675: 12545: 12252: 12240: 12082:. All have over 10 million residents, and as such have been described as 12049: 11902: 11894: 11890: 11528: 11437: 11386: 11276: 11139: 11092: 11026: 10727: 10679: 10410: 10178: 10171: 10163: 9289: 9282: 9274: 8677: 8670: 8662: 6758: 6627:. As for the animals, in many parts of Europe most large animals and top 6459: 6409: 6328:. Around 1.1 billion years ago, Baltica and Arctica (as part of the 5702: 5539: 5397: 5240: 5175: 5155: 5154:

alliance and, later, the Soviet Union and Central Europe established the

4983: 4967: 4875:. Here Hitler, on the right, with his closest ally, the Italian dictator 4839: 4648: 4609: 4545: 4517: 4474: 4331: 4310:

From the 15th to 18th centuries, when the disintegrating khanates of the

4162: 4090: 4042: 4022: 3987: 3983: 3924: 3790: 3782: 3708: 3630: 3562: 3517: 3513: 3482: 3355: 3332: 3072: 3048: 2989: 2969: 2929: 2909: 2901: 2896:

Ancient Greece was the founding culture of Western civilisation. Western

2837: 2759: 2688: 2620: 2425: 2373: 2369: 2350: 2327: 2238: 2188: 2139: 2131: 2024: 1960: 1929: 1802: 1772: 1635: 1535: 1447: 912: 805: 702: 653: 598: 21293: 20779: 20771: 20264:"A pena do degredo nas Ordenações do Reino – Jus.com.br | Jus Navigandi" 18676:

Robert Stradling "Teaching 20th-century European history" (2003), pp 61.

16601:"Black Death blamed on man, not rats | UK news | The Observer" 15292:

The Rise of Western Power: A Comparative History of Western Civilization

15124: 14868: 13836: 13790:

The east face of Helicon: west Asiatic elements in Greek poetry and myth

11248:

unemployment rate was 10.3% in 2012. For those aged 15–24 it was 22.4%.

10075: 5864: 5558:

is 16 °C (61 °F), while it is only 13 °C (55 °F) in

4108:

Political intrigue within the Church in the mid-14th century caused the

2762:

cultural horizon flourished at the transition from the Neolithic to the

27020: 26989: 26815: 26810: 26474: 26435: 26397: 26315: 26188: 26073: 26068: 25867: 25777: 25757: 25607: 25335: 25330: 24707: 24695: 24665: 24631: 24571: 24253: 23068: 23028: 23008: 22988: 22893: 22108: 21810: 21311: 20947: 19388: 18546: 18449: 17258: 14876: 12993:, but which are nevertheless considered integral parts of that country. 12904: 12751: 12723: 12715: 12522: 12420: 12363: 12283: 12041: 11972: 11968: 11886: 11874: 11818: 11503:

Europe has about 225 indigenous languages, mostly falling within three

11465: 11461: 11441: 11142:

system were given a large amount of aid by the United States under the

10423: 10375: 9819: 9737: 9124: 9015: 9008: 9000: 8627: 8620: 8612: 8437: 8430: 8422: 8252: 8245: 8237: 7748: 7332: 7325: 7317: 6995:

has been established as a counterpart comprising former Soviet states.

6770: 6766: 6719: 6664: 6527: 6519: 6405: 6397: 6337: 5842: 5523: 5186: 5027: 5018: 4920: 4887:

sweeping through Russia also affected other European nations following

4638: 4553: 4351: 4233: 4054: 3960:. The plague is thought to have returned every generation with varying 3712: 3681: 3546: 3434: 3378: 3272: 3117: 2985: 2977: 2953: 2921: 2775: 2767: 2608: 2490: 2482: 2385: 2307: 2196: 2127: 2061: 2056: 1834: 1813: 1763: 1754: 1742: 1528: 1500: 1463: 1456: 1298: 1194: 848: 407: 25257: 23873: 23688: 18993:

Climate tables of the articles, where the precise sources can be found

18479:"Migrants, refugees, history and precedents | Forced Migration Review" 12683: 6686: 6435: 6254:

and governments of several countries have outlined plans to implement

5235:

then set in motion a peaceful chain reaction, at the end of which the

4912: 2908:, was the fundamental political unit of classical Greece. In 508 BCE, 2388:), then north and east along the latter waterway to its source in the 27467: 27126: 27100: 27030: 27008: 27001: 26785: 26562: 26496: 26392: 26215: 26198: 26083: 26078: 26052: 25938: 25802: 25752: 25672: 25667: 25612: 25545: 25288: 25141: 24978: 24713: 24675: 24268: 24082: 23462: 23410:

Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent.

23231: 23003: 21061: 17212:"Scientific Revolution: Chronological Timeline: Copernicus to Newton" 13828: 12916: 12900: 12876: 12783: 12739: 12703: 12699: 12691: 12592: 12465: 12335: 12107: 11979:

has increased the number of Muslim people in Europe in recent years.

11914: 11540: 11468:. Also in Asia, Europeans, especially the Spanish are an influential 11433: 11413: 10138: 10131: 10123: 10115: 10098: 10091: 10083: 9955: 9259: 9169: 8934: 8692: 8641: 8392: 8385: 8377: 6778: 6644: 6636: 6583: 6531: 6491: 6401: 6354: 6329: 6301:

The geological history of Europe traces back to the formation of the

6243: 6070: 5820: 5750: 5587: 5531: 4959: 4951: 4799: 4776: 4494: 4394: 4126: 4000: 3961: 3856: 3840: 3778: 3774: 3692: 3320: 3276: 3158: 3024: 2965: 2961: 2949: 2933: 2897: 2885: 2723: 2635:

which lasted about 10,000–15,000 years. The last cold episode of the

2566: 2429: 2319: 2242: 2192: 2147: 1937: 1886: 1791: 1697: 1493: 1388: 1098: 1045: 1024: 1002: 996: 979: 967: 953: 947: 777: 606: 542: 513:

Figures include only European portions of transcontinental countries.

468: 21793: 21672: 20915:"Major Agglomerations of the World – Population Statistics and Maps" 20444: 20145:

Minderheitenrechte in Europa. Handbuch der europäischen Volksgruppen

17250: 11670:, in addition to smaller languages in Eastern and Southeast Europe ( 6792:

Biodiversity is protected in Europe through the Council of Europe's

5956: 5445: 4994: 4673: 3908:, steadily expanding to the east and south over the next centuries. 3218: 26994: 26599: 26535: 26506: 26416: 26375: 26183: 26163: 26043: 25862: 25747: 25627: 25617: 25580: 25565: 25550: 25540: 25463: 25458: 25131: 24827: 24648: 24476: 24391: 24330: 24293: 23878: 23423: 23373: 23343: 23264: 23259: 23149: 23083: 23078: 23053: 22913: 22268: 21647: 21254: 21251: 20792: 20404: 20082:"World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations" 19968: 17729: 16698:(translation by S.G.C Middlemore ed.). London: Penguin Books. 16635:

Science and Theology Since Copernicus: The Search for Understanding

15107: 12868: 12796: 12787: 12726:. However, only the population figure refers to the entire country. 12613: 12569: 12541: 12331: 12189: 12132: 12087: 12083: 12030: 12026: 11878: 11848: 11838: 11722:. Two other language families reside in the North Caucasus (termed 11457: 11233: 11222: 11147: 11103: 10434: 10213: 10206: 9803: 9774: 9658: 9607: 9600: 9592: 9538: 9154: 9147: 9139: 9109: 9102: 9094: 9073: 8874: 8867: 8859: 8509: 8082: 7838: 7534: 7527: 7519: 7498: 7442: 7125: 7003: 6962: 6668: 6652: 6628: 6523: 6471: 6458:. The conditions for growth are very favourable. In the north, the 6424: 6381: 6349: 6341: 6162: 6118: 6048: 6004: 5934: 5772: 5393: 5264: 5247:, and the Cold War ended. Germany was reunited, after the symbolic 5216: 5179: 4982:. At the time, the United Kingdom and France preferred a policy of 4947: 4745: 4664: 4430: 4288: 4158: 4030: 3928: 3889: 3885: 3766: 3704: 3700: 3654: 3601:

to become the largest state in Europe by the 10th century. In 988,

3509: 3462: 3449:

and reduced their prestige. The Umayyads were then defeated by the

3430: 3422: 3386: 3370: 3336: 3162: 3108: 3064: 3056: 3028: 2956:; in dramatic and narrative verse, starting with the epic poems of 2937: 2925: 2719: 2700: 2656: 2640: 2584: 2478: 2398: 2354: 2164: 2032: 1996: 1614: 1607: 1572: 1556: 1326: 1174: 1030: 789: 742: 610: 429: 23318: 21819: 20240:

Migration and migrant population statistics – Statistics Explained

19900:

Blackstone, Brian; Lauricella, Tom; Shah, Neil (5 February 2010).

15723: 13599:

The Rape of Europa: The Intriguing History of Titian's Masterpiece

11941:. Today, a bit over 25% of the world's Christians live in Europe. 11523:, whose ancestor language came from southern Scandinavia; and the 11099: 9937: 9930: 9922: 9783: 5107:. In June 1944, British and American forces invaded France in the 4818:) amounted to a combined total of 18 million. In 1932–1933, under 4248:(1618–1648) crippled the Holy Roman Empire and devastated much of 3358:

presided over Constantinople's first golden age: he established a

2904:

are often attributed to Ancient Greece. The Greek city-state, the

26966: 26704: 26594: 26552: 26440: 26252: 26247: 26176: 25882: 25877: 25642: 25622: 25602: 25570: 25560: 25493: 25488: 25478: 25473: 25046: 24901: 24813: 23368: 23108: 23058: 23018: 22973: 22968: 22958: 22943: 22938: 22933: 22918: 22903: 22898: 22888: 22883: 22878: 22873: 20795:"Jewish Population of Europe in 1933: Population Data by Country" 18780: 16140:

Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture

14614:"How long can we expect the present Interglacial period to last?" 13057: 12944: 12759: 12735: 12621: 12501: 12287: 12045: 12015: 11983: 11948: 11651: 11647: 11643: 11536: 11532: 11409: 11187: 11050: 10856: 10533: 10457: 9695: 9621: 9390: 9383: 9375: 8919: 8912: 8904: 8539: 8532: 8524: 8407: 8141: 8112: 8105: 8097: 8067: 8060: 8052: 7970: 7963: 7955: 7933: 7823: 7816: 7808: 7793: 7778: 7771: 7763: 7733: 7726: 7718: 7646: 7586: 7579: 7571: 7427: 7420: 7412: 7376: 7369: 7361: 7287: 7280: 7272: 7250: 7236: 7229: 7221: 7192: 7185: 7177: 7148: 7141: 7133: 7030: 7011: 6782: 6762: 6715: 6703: 6591: 6540: 6416: 6333: 6318: 6096: 5728: 5579: 5424: 5384: 5354: 5310: 5286: 5268: 5200: 5163: 5128: 4955: 4932: 4904: 4791: 4787: 4729: 4705: 4561: 4541: 4478: 4359: 4113: 4094: 4010: 3953: 3868: 3831: 3770: 3450: 3446: 3369:

From the 7th century onwards, as the Byzantines and neighbouring

3328: 3316: 3312: 3284: 3092: 3084: 2715: 2680: 2589: 2512: 2311: 2204: 2073: 2042:

The current division of Eurasia into two continents now reflects

2000: 1988: 1976: 1683: 1651: 1579: 1514: 1425: 1418: 1397: 1374: 1367: 1360: 1344: 1312: 1305: 1291: 1284: 1277: 1012: 920: 746: 570: 270: 20598:

Europe in Crisis: Intellectuals and the European Idea, 1917–1957

18923:

Josef Wasmayer "Wetter- und Meereskunde der Adria" (1976), pp 5.

17699:"Growth of World Population, GDP and GDP Per Capita before 1820" 12823:. However, only the population figure includes the entire state. 12529:. However, only the population figure includes the entire state. 12282:). Historically, special examples with overlapping cultures are 5658: 4871:

began the devastating Second World War in Europe by its leader,

4516:. As the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire seemed imminent, the 4073:

and an emerging merchant class. Patrons in Italy, including the

3749:

reached the height of its power during the High Middle Ages. An

3534:

saw the creation of the first Slavic states and the adoption of

3520:

dynasty who had conquered most of Western Europe, was anointed "

2552: 1967:

in 1472, showing the three continents as domains of the sons of

879:, have also abolished internal border and immigration controls. 27472: 26530: 26237: 26224: 25913: 25682: 25375: 25320: 25315: 25066: 23276: 23154: 23128: 23103: 23093: 23073: 23063: 23048: 23043: 23023: 22993: 22963: 22948: 22923: 21203: 21190: 19091:"EU climate chief sees green strings for car scrappage schemes" 18932: 18845: 14258: 12849: 12845: 12816: 12655: 12642: 12638: 12634: 12617: 12588: 12549: 12330:

is by far the most popular sport in Europe. This picture shows

12161: 12147: 12111: 12095: 12075: 12071: 12019: 12003: 11960: 11421: 11183: 11179: 11171: 11167: 11002: 10930: 10880: 10832: 10751: 10703: 10631: 10583: 10453: 10018: 10011: 10003: 9644: 9637: 9629: 9455: 9360: 9346: 9339: 9244: 9237: 9229: 9214: 9059: 9052: 9044: 8978: 8964: 8957: 8949: 8889: 8844: 8829: 8822: 8814: 8773: 8766: 8758: 8736: 8597: 8583: 8576: 8568: 8303: 8296: 8288: 8266: 8171: 8030: 8015: 8008: 8000: 7985: 7874: 7867: 7859: 7703: 7631: 7624: 7616: 7601: 7302: 7162: 7038: 7034: 6786: 6727: 6699: 6660: 6587: 6571: 6559: 6455: 6345: 6140: 6026: 5886: 5459: 5290: 5260: 5256: 5252: 5159: 4916: 4819: 4795: 4725: 4709: 4355: 4256:, France rose to predominance within Europe. The defeat of the 4134: 4074: 4029:

The Renaissance was a period of cultural change originating in

3876: 3851:

In the 11th and 12th centuries, constant incursions by nomadic

3836: 3746: 3696: 3493: 3418: 3324: 3300: 3292: 3080: 2981: 2917: 2889: 2833: 2727: 2711: 2684: 2593: 2481:, along the eastern foot of Ural Mountains, then following the 2466: 2335: 2262: 2250: 2200: 2159: 2077: 2052: 1690: 1644: 1628: 1600: 1586: 1565: 1549: 1521: 1479: 1470: 1411: 1381: 1243:

Clickable map of Europe, showing one of the most commonly used

1200: 1107:

to refer to the continent. Chinese, for example, uses the word

1073: 924: 625: 578: 483: 473: 444: 439: 424: 19730:

Postwar Economic Reconstruction and Lessons for the East Today

19692:

Postwar Economic Reconstruction and Lessons for the East Today

16898:

Spain's Road to Empire: The Making of a World Power, 1492–1763

15165:"When the First Farmers Arrived in Europe, Inequality Evolved" 12169: 11770:

Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities

6340:

was formed from Baltica and Laurentia; a further joining with

4540:(1821) marked the beginning of the end of Ottoman rule in the 4117:

took the lead in exploring the world. Exploration reached the

3723:, the Church was responsible for education in much of Europe. 2207:, who took the Tanais (the modern Don River) as the boundary. 27323: 27218: 26762: 26060: 26044: 25687: 25292: 25031: 25021: 25016: 24488: 24483: 23378: 23088: 23013: 22983: 21735: 21657: 21509: 21216: 20821:"Europe's Jewish population has dropped 60% in last 50 years" 20753: 20518:"Regional Distribution of Christians: Christianity in Europe" 17278:

The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought

16574:"Epidemics of the Past: Bubonic Plague – Infoplease.com" 15717: 15085: 14711: 14228:"Western historiography and the problem of "Western" history" 14103: 12679: 12525:. The vast majority of its population (80%) lives within its 12175: 12103: 12079: 11944: 11828: 11544: 11417: 11240:

in 2008. It impacted much of the region. In 2010, fears of a

10978: 10954: 10655: 10607: 9199: 9192: 9184: 8494: 8487: 8479: 8362: 8207: 8200: 8192: 7889: 7549: 7390: 6774: 6575: 6567: 6551: 6515: 6369: 5477: 5449: 5409: 4831: 4827: 4721: 4453:, as well as the widespread adoption of the French models of 4058: 3957: 3715:. The primary source of culture in this period came from the 3650: 3524:" by the Pope in 800. This led in 962 to the founding of the 3478: 3394: 3304: 3280: 3134: 3096: 3060: 3032: 2988:. In the course of the 5th century BCE, several of the Greek 2973: 2957: 2941: 2905: 2821: 2785:, descended from populations associated with the Paleolithic 2731: 2668: 2524: 2520: 2342:(where it is closest to the Volga, now joined with it by the 2261:

often figures in the letters of Charlemagne's court scholar,

2246: 2172:

to his three sons; Europe was defined as stretching from the

2069: 1621: 1507: 1439: 1019:

and the poetry devoted to it. An alternative view is that of

990: 973: 961: 498: 463: 449: 434: 20885:"Istanbul one of four anchor megacities of Europe: Research" 20443:

Go MC, Jones AR, Algee-Hewitt B, Dudzik B, Hughes C (2019).

20260: 19728:

Dornbusch, Rudiger; Nölling, Wilhelm P.; Layard, Richard G.

19690:

Dornbusch, Rudiger; Nölling, Wilhelm P.; Layard, Richard G.

19048: 14179:, 1993, ""Culture and Society in the First Europe", pp185ff. 12875:, both of which can be considered part of Eastern Europe or 7055:

List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe

6822:

List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe

6415:

The northern plain contains the old geological continent of

6222: 3753:

in 1054 split the former Roman Empire religiously, with the

3271:". There were numerous invasions and migrations amongst the 26357: 25350: 25345: 25161: 23269: 22190:

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)

22184: 21277: 20041:"Population trends 1950 – 2100: globally and within Europe" 19117: 19115: 19113: 19111: 16952:

Jesus Never Existed: An Introduction to the Ultimate Heresy

14437: 13981:

The geographical system of Herodotus examined and explained

12573: 12426:

Financial and social rankings of sovereign states in Europe

12115: 12091: 11226: 11175: 10438: 10155: 9845: 9556: 9404: 9303: 8787: 8318: 8222: 7346: 7090: 6739: 6648: 6640: 6563: 6467: 6385: 6309:, both around 2.25 billion years ago, followed by the 5978: 5680: 5389: 5334: 5151: 4860:(1914–1918) cost the country one quarter of its population. 4843: 4629:

reached a peak of slightly above 25% around the year 1913.

4082: 4078: 4033:, and later spreading to the rest of Europe. The rise of a 3598: 3288: 3076: 2778:, were constructed throughout Western and Southern Europe. 2169: 2151: 1972: 1968: 864: 797: 566: 21180: 19801:"Kosovo: Natural resources key to the future, say experts" 17409:

Napoleon Bonaparte and the legacy of the French Revolution

14726:"Bones reveal Neanderthal child was eaten by a giant bird" 13815:

Davidson, Roderic H. (1960). "Where is the Middle East?".

12500:, internationally recognised as being a legal part of the 10456:

with its US$ 185,829 per capita (2018) and the poorest is

6965:; in 1815, the prevalent form of government was still the 6679:

and in the Balkans, with a handful of packs in pockets of

5563:(40 °F) higher than average temperatures in Irkutsk. 5554:

Therefore, the average temperature throughout the year of

5178:

in 1961 were one of the great international crises of the

5053:

drew the United States into the conflict as allies of the

3661:

The period between the year 1000 and 1250 is known as the

3129:, who spent time on the Empire's northern border fighting 21334: 21264: 20620: 20442: 20212:. Migration Information Source. June 2006. Archived from 19571:"Peak GDP (PPP) by the World Bank for the European Union" 19450: 18284:"The Winter War – When the Finns Humiliated the Russians" 16100:. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 405. 12986: 12090:

has the highest total city population, it lies partly in

10378:

among its countries. The richer states tend to be in the

6735: 6555: 4485:

and Russia. This balance would remain in place until the

30:

This article is about the continent. For other uses, see

22852: 20655:

Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project

20522:

Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project

19899: 19108: 16480:

Hundred Years' War: Joan of Arc and the Siege of Orléans

15884:

Eli Heckscher, International Trade, And Economic History

15330:

Democracy: the unfinished journey 508 BCE – 1993 CE

13096:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

13062:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

12943:

are internationally recognised as being a legal part of

12062:

List of European cities by population within city limits

11776:

set up a legal framework for language rights in Europe.

8747: 7401: 6671:, a Norwegian archipelago far north of Scandinavia. The 6623:

and the presence of humans affected the distribution of

6574:

as the Arctic is approached. In the Mediterranean, many

6543:(1%), while the most forested country is Finland (77%). 5150:". The United States and Western Europe established the 4469:, convened after Napoleon's downfall, established a new 2432:

followed Strahlenberg's prescription. To the south, the

2420:

has the boundary follow the Don beyond Kalach as far as

2288:

A New Map of Europe According to the Newest Observations

1258:

states which straddle the border between Europe and Asia

1225:

Boundaries between the continents § Asia and Europe

1067: 25146: 21047: 20969:

Sport, Representation and Evolving Identities in Europe

17836: 16172: 14502: 14332:

Journey through various provinces of the Russian Empire

14130:

The Idea of Europe From Antiquity to the European Union

13330:"Europe: Human Geography | National Geographic Society" 12451:

List of names of European cities in different languages

11889:

denominations. Among Protestants, the most popular are

9415: 7560: 6957:

in 1815. The prevalent form of government in Europe is

6392:. The northern plains are delimited in the west by the 5415:

This description is simplified. Subregions such as the

5158:. Particular hot spots after the Second World War were 5103:

in history, was the last major German offensive on the

4512:

grew more complex ever since the Ottoman defeat in the

2828:, who collapsed suddenly around 1200 BCE, ushering the 1125:), which is an abbreviation of the transliterated name 21668:. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 907–953. 20985: 20716:"The continuing decline of Europe's Jewish population" 20575:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 110. 19756:

Appendix B: The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance

18182:

The Age of Extremes: A history of the world, 1914–1991

15772:

Le Repubbliche Marinare. Amalfi, Pisa, Genova, Venezia

15681:, pp. 249–272. Cambridge University Press. 052136292X. 15658:

Islam in Russia: The Politics of Identity and Security

15423:

Early Physics and Astronomy: A Historical Introduction

14440:

Flora Europaea, Volume 1: Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae

14019:

Genesis and the Jewish antiquities of Flavius Josephus

12040:

A large and increasing number of people in Europe are

11456:. In Asia, European-derived populations, specifically 7944: 7261: 7065:

common geographical or political definitions of Europe

5111:, opening a new front against Germany. Berlin finally 3366:

and brought the Christian church under state control.

2726:. It spread from the Balkans along the valleys of the 2718:, probably influenced by earlier farming practices in 2428:, while other 18th- to 19th-century mapmakers such as 1058: 529:"Europe" as defined by the International Monetary Fund 21701: 21012:"Replacement Migration: Is it a solution for Russia?" 20233: 20231: 19754:"Germany (East)", Library of Congress Country Study, 19666:"The Origins of the Industrial Revolution in England" 16886:, Volumes 76–77. Society for Nautical Research., 1990 15832: 14021:. Pontificium Institutum Biblicum. pp. 101–102. 13483:"The European union—a federation or a confederation?" 8989: 6690:

Once roaming the great temperate forests of Eurasia,

6454:

The main natural vegetation cover in Europe is mixed

5542:, an ocean current which carries warm water from the 4228:

in 1520 and his followers were condemned in the 1521

4021:(centre), are portrayed as classical scholars of the 3343:

were preserved in the east, in the Byzantine Empire.

1210: 1204: 1192: 956:

princess. One view is that her name derives from the

21528: 20286: 19212:. EFI Euroforest Portal. p. 182. Archived from 17756:"Assassin Gavrilo Princip gets a statue in Sarajevo" 15729: 14465:

Flora Europaea, Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae

13814: 12989:. Certain countries in Europe, such as France, have 12899:, which can be considered part of Eastern Europe or 12381: 8277: 4307:

and ceased to exist at the end of the 18th century.

3813:. Although it would recover Constantinople in 1261, 3565:

emerged in the late 7th and 8th century and adopted

1940:, and the waterways connecting the Black Sea to the 1085: 1076: 887:. The EU is the third-largest economy in the world. 21573:

The Myth of Continents: A Critique of Metageography

20673: 20671: 20648: 20060:

World Population Prospects 2022, Summary of Results

16795: 16179:Duiker, William J.; Spielvogel, Jackson J. (2010). 15839:Duiker, William J.; Spielvogel, Jackson J. (2010). 15679:

The New Cambridge Medieval History: c. 500 – c. 700

14489:

Encyclopedia of European and Asian regional geology

13929:, BiblioLife (BiblioBazaar), 1872. (1817.), p. 50, 13447: 13445: 12441:

List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (nominal)

12037:, where Tibetan Buddhism is the majority religion. 12033:, which are minority religions, except in Russia's 11774:

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

10245:

List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (nominal)

8804: 8457: 8041: 7657: 7006:. Among the smaller European organisations are the 6757:. Important animals that live in European seas are 5534:climate zone of the northern hemisphere, where the 4997:, the Germans turned to the Soviets and signed the 3389:region. Over the next centuries Muslim forces took 3115:. The two centuries that followed are known as the 2519:: "In physical, cultural and historical diversity, 1143:means "continent"); a similar Chinese-derived term 835:, and significantly through the realisation of the 652:is affected by warm Atlantic currents, such as the 71:

http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm

22202:Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation 21597:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 21555:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 20571:Byrnes, Timothy A.; Katzenstein, Peter J. (2006). 20418:"Reference Populations – Geno 2.0 Next Generation" 20228: 19990:CIA population growth rankings, CIA World Factbook 19777:. US Department of State Office of the historian. 19056:"Global and European temperatures — Climate-ADAPT" 17973: 17540: 17489: 17302: 17040:". Seshadri Kannan (2009). APH Publishing. p. 51. 16505:. By James Bartholomew. Telegraph. 7 August. 2004. 16232: 15925: 15518: 14959:In the Shadow of Olympus: The Emergence of Macedon 14788:"My work digging up the shelters of our ancestors" 13521: 11236:in 2009 confirmed that the Eurozone had gone into 6348:. Around 190 million years ago, Gondwana and 5574:to the Alpine arc in its northernmost part of the 5277:also grew after the Second World War. In 1949 the 4782:, leading also to the independence of many former 4145:reached Asia westward across the Atlantic and the 4112:. During this forty-year period, two popes—one in 3051:and over the following two centuries it conquered 2146:) in the Caucasus, a convention still followed by 1097:Most major world languages use words derived from 1001:) 'eye, face, countenance', hence their composite 686:, as crucial and shared roots. Beginning with the 20621:Nikodemos Anagnostopoulos, Archimandrite (2017). 20600:. New York; Oxford: Berghahn Books. p. 243. 20570: 18219:"Adolf Hitler: Rise of Power, Impact & Death" 13641:. Brill Archive. p. 128. GGKEY:G19ZZ3TSL38. 11873:, with 76.2% of Europeans considering themselves 8652: 8646: 7351: 7048: 4846:executed 681,692 people; millions of people were 4398:The national boundaries within Europe set by the 4303:) and subsequent conflicts; the state itself was 3496:raids and division of the Frankish Empire at the 2808:of Ukraine and southern Russia in the context of 27575: 20668: 19833:. EUbusiness.com. 8 January 2009. Archived from 19294: 16670:The Renaissance Discovery of Classical Antiquity 16178: 15838: 15570:. Columbia University Press. pp. 273, 327. 15506:Picts, Gaels, and Scots: Early Historic Scotland 15081: 15079: 13529:"Greek goddess Europa adorns new five-euro note" 13442: 13094:("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). 11923:became the official religion of the Roman Empire 11499:List of European languages by number of speakers 9792:autonomous territories of the Kingdom of Denmark 8894: 8741: 8412: 7395: 4279:(1385) east-central Europe was dominated by the 4149:in a Spanish expedition, resulting in the first 4121:in the Atlantic and the southern tip of Africa. 3409:. Between 711 and 720, most of the lands of the 2353:produced a map showing the northern part of the 2237:A cultural definition of Europe as the lands of 148:10,180,000 km (3,930,000 sq mi) ( 21498:. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society. 21496:National Geographic Visual History of the World 20843: 20841: 20680:"5 facts about the Muslim population in Europe" 20595: 20001:"World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision" 18613:, Council of Europe. Retrieved 27 October 2016. 17803:"The Treaty of Versailles and its Consequences" 16235:New Glory: Expanding America's Global Supremacy 16012:City of Man's Desire: A Novel of Constantinople 14523: 14261:Das Nord-und Ostliche Theil von Europa und Asia 14120: 14045:, vol. 1. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1982, fragm. 47a. 13552: 13550: 12991:territories lying geographically outside Europe 12919:, an autonomous constituent country within the 12055: 11385:. In 2005, the EU had an overall net gain from 11331:as a result of emigration and low birth rates. 10249:List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (PPP) 9409: 8131: 8087: 7554: 6844: 5021:for the Red Army. The British hoped to land at 4524:stood to benefit from the decline, whereas the 4208:The Church's power was further weakened by the 2651:, which lived roughly 1.8 million years ago in 2191:and surviving into modern usage is that of the 2168:described the continents as the lands given by 1177: 1159: 1144: 1063:meaning 'to go down, set' (said of the sun) or 1007:would mean 'wide-gazing' or 'broad of aspect'. 64:http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Europe 22814: 22160:Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) 17345:Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution 15782: 15780: 15524: 15050: 14519: 14517: 14132:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 57–61. 13556: 12903:, unilaterally declared its independence from 12879:unilaterally declared their independence from 9537:Within the above-mentioned states are several 8939: 8558: 7938: 7798: 7606: 7255: 7167: 4632: 4627:share of the world population living in Europe 4505:as nation-states from smaller principalities. 4295:had ended with the devastation brought by the 4196:in the centuries following their partition by 3339:would later refer to this as the "Dark Ages". 1184: 1166: 1151: 1138: 1126: 1108: 26029: 25273: 24058: 24044: 23478: 22838: 22383:Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) 21835: 21547: 20510: 19951: 19831:"EU data confirms eurozone's first recession" 19413:. Pr-inside.com. 10 June 2010. Archived from 19350:Democracy Report 2024, Varieties of Democracy 18454:. Oxford University Press. 2000. p. 13. 15917: 15822: 15602: 15076: 14356:Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society 14116: 14114: 13435: 13433: 13083: 13081: 13079: 12852:on 17 February 2008. Its sovereign status is 11268:List of European countries by life expectancy 11225:, replacing their national currencies by the 9500: 9365: 9326: 9320: 9264: 9219: 9174: 9084: 9078: 9034: 8983: 8798: 8514: 8323: 8227: 8182: 7849: 7843: 7663: 7509: 7503: 7211: 6935: 6268:European Union commissioner of climate action 5174:in 1948 and 1949 and the construction of the 4045:libraries, often translated from Arabic into 4037:was accompanied by the recovery of forgotten 3781:. In Europe itself, the Church organised the 3557:and causing a series of armed conflicts with 3011:Animation showing the growth and division of 1132: 1120: 1114: 620:). Politically, Europe is divided into about 23204:autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark 21594:An Historical Geography of Europe, 1500–1840 20838: 20125:UN predicts huge migration to rich countries 19703: 19601: 19599: 19597: 19595: 19593: 19591: 19589: 19587: 19531:"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects" 18174: 18172: 17674:The Atlantic: Can the US afford immigration? 17271: 16695:The Civilisation of the Renaissance in Italy 16290:any Western help was submission in Florence. 15960: 15874: 14843:Fu, Qiaomei; et al. (23 October 2014). 14193:(reprint ed.). CUA Press. p. 108. 13898:. Central Intelligence Agency. 7 August 2024 13547: 13347: 12848:unilaterally declared its independence from 12782:can be considered part of Eastern Europe or 12738:can be considered part of Eastern Europe or 12025:Other religions practiced in Europe include 10262: 9314: 9308: 9129: 8849: 8792: 8602: 8469: 8463: 8367: 8271: 7990: 7894: 7753: 7459: 7453: 7307: 6631:species have been hunted to extinction. The 6546:In temperate Europe, mixed forest with both 5039:bombing offensive against the United Kingdom 4759:Map depicting the military alliances of the 4171:England tried unsuccessfully to invade Spain 3616: 3421:rule—save for small areas in the northwest ( 21003: 20966: 20507:, Council of Europe. Retrieved 30 July 2015 19648: 19002: 18889: 18887: 18729: 18720: 18711: 18561: 18350: 18338: 18326: 18314: 18302: 18241: 18199: 18141:"Appeals to Americans to pray for Serbians" 17880:. Cambridge University Press. p. 167. 17855: 17821: 17783: 17774: 17472: 17463: 17454: 17366: 17323: 17005:. The Library of Iberian resources online. 16977: 16904: 16851:Europe and England in the sixteenth century 16825: 16816: 16780: 16756: 16712: 16628: 16626: 16557: 16301: 16263: 16224: 16215: 16130: 16044: 15807: 15798: 15789: 15777: 15621:, Vol. 4, No. 1. (January 1943), pp. 69–74. 15432: 15387: 15284: 15282: 15280: 15062:. Vol. 4. Springer. pp. 157–184. 14514: 14380:Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary 14306: 14222: 14188: 13866:Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopaedia 2007 13589: 12856:. Its population is July 2009 CIA estimate. 12225:Ständiger Ausschuss für geographische Namen 11901:. Smaller Protestant denominations include 9506: 8697: 8176: 8035: 7708: 7651: 7447: 6969:. Europe's remaining eleven monarchies are 5211:in 1955 as the flag for the whole of Europe 4989:With tensions mounting between Germany and 4826:which caused millions of deaths; surviving 2126:, in reference to the western shore of the 1072:'evening, west', which is at the origin of 569:to the east. Europe shares the landmass of 26036: 26022: 25280: 25266: 24051: 24037: 23485: 23471: 22845: 22831: 22067:Sovereign states and dependent territories 21842: 21828: 21673:The Columbia Gazetteer of the World Online 21569: 21009: 20756:American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 20498:Language facts – European day of languages 20327:"The Columbian Mosaic in Colonial America" 20210:"Europe: Population and Migration in 2005" 19559:World Bank's GDP (Nominal) Data for Russia 19507:World Economic Outlook Database–April 2017 19003:Kayser-Bril, Nicolas (24 September 2018). 18524: 18392:Niewyk, Donald L. and Nicosia, Francis R. 17604:Historical survey – Ways of ending slavery 16688: 16396:. Alamo Community Colleges. Archived from 16087: 16002: 15973:. Christian History Project. p. 136. 15702: 15693: 15684: 15640: 15525:Williams, Stephen; Friell, Gerard (2005). 15489: 15321: 14962:. Princeton University Press. p. 58. 14723: 14508: 14418: 14189:Dawson, Christopher; Olsen, Glenn (1961). 14111: 13856: 13854: 13786: 13628: 13430: 13382: 13076: 12666:are geographically located outside Europe. 12118:each having over three million residents. 10259:GDP (PPP) per capita of European countries 6942: 6928: 6313:shield, the three together leading to the 5586:the 64th, 60th, 55th, 50th, 45th and 40th 5536:prevailing wind direction is from the west 4919:, adopting the Western alphabet and state 4369: 1235: 131: 121: 22185:North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) 21621:web resources provided by GovPubs at the 20993:"Sustainable Prosperity – Made in Europe" 20793:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 20596:Hewitson, Mark; D’Auria, Matthew (2012). 20377: 20100:"White Europeans: An endangered species?" 19930: 19584: 19548:World Bank's GDP (Nominal) Data for Italy 18970: 18169: 17690: 17615: 17538: 17105:The Partitions of Poland 1772, 1793, 1795 16054:Magill's Guide to Military History: A-Cor 15774:, Newton & Compton editori, Roma 1989 15476: 15474: 15399:A History of Greek Mathematics, Volume II 15346: 15140: 15106: 14884: 14811: 14770: 14559: 14442:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 14314:"Boundary of Europe and Asia along Urals" 13692: 13690: 12624:archipelagos, both in the North Atlantic. 12338:before the 2023 renovation works started. 11905:as well as denominations centered in the 11174:, because it has large reserves of lead, 9822:, are also not included for this reason. 7059:Area and population of European countries 5383:Europe makes up the western fifth of the 2084: 2014:The term "continent" usually implies the 923:) – flows through the fertile valleys of 99:Learn how and when to remove this message 23426:which has sovereignty over Vatican City. 22150:Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 21623:University of Colorado Boulder Libraries 21512:The Earth and Its Peoples, Brief Edition 20818: 20709: 20707: 20649:Pew Research Center (19 December 2011). 20455:(4). University of Florida Press: 1–11. 20325:Axtell, James (September–October 1991). 20051: 19651:Industrialism: A Dictionary of Sociology 19411:"Global Wealth Stages a Strong Comeback" 18884: 18178: 17873: 17696: 17300: 17098: 16647:Continuum International Publishing Group 16623: 16295: 16125:centuries, but it never fully recovered. 15923: 15367:A History of Greek Mathematics, Volume I 15277: 14259:Philipp Johann von Strahlenberg (1730). 14016: 13793:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 451. 13699:"Kadmos and Europa, and the Phoenicians" 13237: 13233: 13231: 13229: 13227: 13225: 13223: 13221: 13052: 13050: 13048: 12416:European Union as a potential superpower 12322: 12218: 11485: 11383:International Organisation for Migration 11372: 11275: 11264:List of European countries by population 11161: 11098: 11086: 10445:. This includes (ranks according to the 10252: 6685: 6607: 6496: 6434: 6292: 6202: 5592: 5444: 5374: 5271:were now again in the centre of Europe. 5199: 5063: 5007:European Theatre of the Second World War 4863: 4852: 4754: 4672: 4570: 4548:in 1912–1913. Formal recognition of the 4393: 4188: 4161:, Asia, Africa and Oceania. France, the 3999: 3830: 3725: 3640: 3609:as the religion of state. Further east, 3488: 3433:. This territory, under the Arabic name 3381:. In the mid-7th century, following the 3006: 2879: 2603: 2583: 2551: 2293: 2282: 2099: 1954: 1946: 902: 126: 52:lists the same citations more than once. 25287: 21923:Crisis situations and unrest since 2000 21688:Borders in Europe 3000BC to the present 21570:Lewis, Martin W.; Wigen, Kären (1997). 21531:Catholicism & Orthodox Christianity 21357: 21308:"Europe & Central Asia | Data" 21143:British Foreign and Commonwealth Office 20677: 19866: 19748: 19743:Power and Policy in Liberal Democracies 19382: 19343: 18281: 17971: 17932: 17381: 16592: 16394:"Khanate of the Golden Horde (Kipchak)" 16344:. University of Toronto. Archived from 15966: 15932:(Revised ed.). CUA Press. p. 15880: 15480: 15438: 15181: 14785: 13851: 13808: 13602:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 52–. 13595: 13453:"History of the European Union 1945–59" 13398:Ancient Greece: Birthplace of Democracy 12121:When considering the commuter belts or 11606:A distinct non-Indo-European family of 11305:having children below replacement level 11299:from other continents than vice versa. 9543:limited to no international recognition 5281:was founded, following a speech by Sir 4958:became a part of Germany following the 4232:, which divided German princes between 4169:failed to invade England. A year later 3805:, and was weakened considerably by the 2184:, to the Don, separating it from Asia. 640:of about 745 million (about 10% of the 525: 517: 509: 14: 27576: 23492: 22398:European Free Trade Association (EFTA) 21590: 21010:Vishnevsky, Anatoly (15 August 2000). 20324: 19912:from the original on 24 September 2015 19263: 19088: 18256: 18211: 18157:from the original on 16 September 2018 18085:from the original on 16 September 2018 17841:. Yale University Press. p. 110. 17487: 17338: 17236: 16598: 16230: 16136: 16050: 15826: 15655: 15606: 15471: 15222:. University of Oxford. Archived from 15058:, eds. (2001). "European Megalithic". 14994: 14724:Strickland, Ashley (10 October 2018). 14280:. Oxford University Press. p. 8. 14273: 13696: 13687: 13675:from the original on 17 September 2017 13634: 13394: 13355:National Geographic Atlas of the World 12286:with Latin (Romance) and Germanic, or 11754:that is official within the EU, while 11470:minority population in the Philippines 11133:Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 10460:with its US$ 3,659 per capita (2019). 9545:. None of them are members of the UN: 4838:. Stalin was also responsible for the 4141:in 1498. The Portuguese-born explorer 3971: 3688:a leading role in the European scene. 2859: 2793:who migrated from Anatolia during the 2615:(Late Neolithic from 3000 to 2000 BCE) 2372:, following the Volga north until the 1015:of Earth herself in the reconstructed 581:. Europe is commonly considered to be 26017: 25261: 24032: 23466: 22826: 22813: 21823: 21591:Pounds, Norman John Greville (1979). 21147:"Country profiles ' Europe ' Georgia" 20819:Sherwood, Harriet (25 October 2020). 20713: 20704: 20359: 19869:"Five Threats to the Common Currency" 19663: 19362:"Member States of the European Union" 18838: 18476: 18430:from the original on 22 December 2019 18290:from the original on 19 December 2021 17953:from the original on 5 September 2015 17406: 17056: 16949: 16871:Tudor Cornwall: portrait of a society 16771: 16747: 16611:from the original on 12 February 2014 16093: 16008: 15656:Hunter, Shireen; et al. (2004). 15563: 15483:The Penguin Atlas of Medieval History 15445:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 1–11. 15393: 15361: 15355: 15244: 14955: 14949: 14912: 14836: 14462: 14400:from the original on 18 February 2018 13916:Falconer, William; Falconer, Thomas. 13218: 13172:. International Monetary Fund. 2022. 13150:from the original on 25 February 2017 13146:. International Monetary Fund. 2022. 13120:. International Monetary Fund. 2022. 13045: 12794:, two regions that have declared and 11406:large populations of European descent 11127:states came under the control of the 6826:International organisations in Europe 6558:. In the north, the taiga is a mixed 6361:period about five million years ago. 5343:June 2016 referendum on EU membership 5117:60 million dead across the world 4850:to remote areas of the Soviet Union. 4077:family of Florentine bankers and the 2816:began c. 3200 BCE in Greece with the 2515:into Asia and Europe as a residue of 2268: 843:political entity that lies between a 776:and eventually the wider world. Both 21742: 21345:from the original on 26 January 2012 20967:Dine, Philip; Crosson, Seán (2010). 20678:Hackett, Conrad (29 November 2017). 20625:. Taylor & Francis. p. 16. 20394:Russians left behind in Central Asia 20143:Christoph Pan, Beate Sibylle Pfeil, 19867:Schultz, Stefan (11 February 2010). 19672:from the original on 2 November 2015 19447:"The CIA World Factbook – GDP (PPP)" 18007:"Fourth of Serbia's Population Dead" 18004: 17980:. Harvard University Press. p. 17567: 17435: 17170: 17108:. New York: Taylor & Routledge. 16580:from the original on 21 October 2008 16322:from the original on 24 October 2007 15327: 15288: 14058:, Cambridge University Press, 2004, 13743:from the original on 1 November 2021 13577:from the original on 22 January 2021 13264: 13176:from the original on 11 January 2020 13124:from the original on 22 January 2021 12664:politically integral parts of France 12591:can be considered part of Europe or 12446:List of European television stations 11793:Religion in Europe according to the 6796:, which has also been signed by the 6750:butterfly, add to the biodiversity. 6537:smallest percentage of forested area 5598:Köppen-Geiger climate classification 4935:developed throughout Europe placing 4497:; 1871 saw the unifications of both 4350:of the 16th and 17th centuries were 3875:. The invaders, who became known as 3188: 3177:in 476 CE; the closure of the pagan 2619:During the 2.5 million years of the 2031:draining into the upper part of the 1044:There have been attempts to connect 36: 22264:European Union Customs Union (EUCU) 22247:European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) 21849: 21697:Online history of Europe in 21 maps 21028:from the original on 29 August 2017 20865:from the original on 1 October 2017 20692:from the original on 17 August 2018 20560:from the original on 1 August 2019. 20475:from the original on 7 January 2021 19487:from the original on 2 October 2019 19383:Fineman, Josh (15 September 2009). 19266:"European bison on 'genetic brink'" 19187:from the original on 6 October 2008 19161:from the original on 11 August 2019 19157:. University of Southampton. 1967. 18853:from the original on 22 August 2016 18420:"Leaders mourn Soviet wartime dead" 18395:The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust 18259:The Origins of the Second World War 18229:from the original on 3 October 2018 17616:Trevelyan, George Macaulay (1942). 17539:Trevelyan, George Macaulay (1988). 17384:The Penguin Atlas of Modern History 17305:The Philosophy of the Enlightenment 17153:". Oxford University Press. p. 13. 16503:Poor studies will always be with us 15004:The Oxford Companion to Archaeology 14177:The Civilization of the Middle Ages 12352: 12306:and the European Capital of Sport. 11931:a prominent role in the development 11428:countries also have a considerable 11064: 9794:(other than Denmark proper), three 5452:of Europe and surrounding regions: 4976:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia 4687:Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria 4411:"Old System" of alliances in Europe 4264:in 1683 marked the historic end of 3900:. The state was consolidated under 3153:in 313 CE after three centuries of 2659:to have been discovered in Europe. 2216:culture that developed in its place 24: 22393:Eurasian Economic Community (EAEC) 22170:European Political Community (EPC) 21576:. University of California Press. 21230:European Civil Aviation Conference 20895:from the original on 19 March 2022 20714:Lipka, Michael (9 February 2015). 20528:from the original on 1 August 2013 20023:"2021 World Population Data Sheet" 19881:from the original on 14 April 2010 19781:from the original on 14 April 2015 18756:from the original on 14 March 2020 18699:from the original on 12 March 2022 18458:from the original on 23 April 2022 18121:from the original on 22 April 2021 18053:from the original on 15 March 2020 17976:Russia and the Russians: a history 17736:World Population Growth, 1950–2050 17191:from the original on 19 March 2022 17143:Islam And The Abolition Of Slavery 17009:from the original on 27 March 2017 15730:Brown, Anatolios & Palmer 2009 15309:from the original on 28 April 2022 15265:from the original on 20 March 2022 15248:An Introduction to Urban Geography 14976:from the original on 1 August 2020 14842: 14394:"Do we live in Europe or in Asia?" 14294:from the original on 1 August 2020 14154:from the original on 23 March 2022 13645:from the original on 20 March 2022 13616:from the original on 20 March 2022 13495:from the original on 19 March 2022 13463:from the original on 23 April 2022 13322: 13310:from the original on 30 March 2019 13252:from the original on 23 March 2018 13023:"Largest Countries In Europe 2020" 11869:The largest religion in Europe is 11293:there are fewer births than deaths 6840: 6635:was extinct before the end of the 5125:lost around 27 million people 4244:in Europe for over a century. The 2804:who expanded into Europe from the 2508:in use in some 20th-century maps. 2195:used by Roman-era authors such as 1231:List of transcontinental countries 674:, and together commonly reference 25: 27600: 25242:Western European and Others Group 21612: 21514:. Vol. 1. Cengage Learning. 20925:from the original on 12 June 2018 20274:from the original on 21 June 2022 20102:. Yale Daily News. Archived from 19664:Kreis, Steven (11 October 2006). 18901:. World Book, Inc. Archived from 18820:from the original on 7 March 2022 18788:from the original on 5 April 2022 18489:from the original on 8 March 2022 18370:Europe honours war dead on VE Day 18282:Massari, Ivano (18 August 2015). 17894:from the original on 17 June 2020 17762:from the original on 10 July 2014 17631:Modernisation – Population Change 17218:from the original on 23 July 2013 17209: 17122:from the original on 30 July 2022 17080:from the original on 30 July 2022 17003:"The Seventeenth-Century Decline" 16895: 16305:The course of the Russian history 16185:. Cengage Learning. p. 386. 15845:. Cengage Learning. p. 330. 15752:Storia delle Repubbliche marinare 15459:from the original on 23 June 2022 15220:"Periods – School of Archaeology" 15182:Gibbons, Ann (21 February 2017). 14624:from the original on 26 July 2022 14240:from the original on 13 June 2022 13956:from the original on 15 July 2014 13919:Dissertation on St. Paul's Voyage 13557:M. L. West; West, Morris (2007). 13415:from the original on 27 July 2022 13058:"World Population Prospects 2022" 9810:with devolved powers and the two 6518:of Scandinavia and Russia, mixed 6344:then leading to the formation of 6233:, this could happen before 2050. 6189: 5307:European Coal and Steel Community 5076:in 1945; seated (from the left): 4830:were persecuted and many sent to 4732:, and the United States) and the 3707:in England led to the writing of 2051:divided entirely by water, while 875:. A large bloc of countries, the 27544: 27543: 26876:West South Central United States 25992: 25991: 25969: 25487: 25472: 25457: 25442: 25404: 25389: 25374: 25359: 25344: 25329: 25314: 23444: 23433: 23432: 23127: 21878:Bibliography of European history 21802: 21785: 21768: 21751: 21723: 21711: 21456: 21431: 21327: 21114: 21040: 20960: 20937: 20907: 20877: 20812: 20786: 20747: 20733: 20642: 20614: 20589: 20564: 20540: 20491: 20436: 20410: 20386: 20353: 20318: 20254: 20202: 20161: 20137: 20118: 20092: 20074: 20033: 20015: 19993: 19974: 19924: 19893: 19860: 19841: 19823: 19811:from the original on 7 July 2011 19793: 19767: 19735: 19722: 19697: 19684: 19657: 19642: 19620: 19563: 19552: 19541: 19523: 19499: 19469: 19439: 19429: 19403: 19376: 19354: 19331: 19317:10.1046/j.1365-2311.1997.00082.x 19288: 19276:from the original on 6 July 2022 19257: 19231: 19199: 19173: 19147: 19082: 19073: 19022: 18996: 18987: 18926: 18917: 18865: 18832: 18800: 18768: 18738: 18679: 18670: 18661: 18652: 18643: 18634: 18625: 18616: 18597: 18588: 18579: 18570: 18518: 18501: 18470: 18442: 18412: 18386: 18362: 18275: 18250: 18133: 18097: 18065: 18027: 17998: 17965: 17939:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 373. 17926: 17914:Legacy of famine divides Ukraine 17906: 17867: 17830: 17805:. James Atkinson. Archived from 17795: 17748: 17667: 17647: 17624: 17609: 17586: 17561: 17532: 17510: 17481: 17429: 17400: 17375: 17332: 17294: 17265: 17230: 17203: 17164: 17134: 17092: 17050: 17021: 16995: 16986: 16965:History of Europe – Demographics 16958: 16943: 16931:from the original on 31 May 2022 16913: 16889: 16876: 16863: 16843: 16834: 16789: 16765: 16741: 16721: 16682: 16659: 16566: 16527: 16508: 16496: 16472: 16455:France in the Sixteenth Century. 16447: 16428: 16412: 16386: 16360: 16334: 16279:from the original on 11 May 2013 16199:from the original on 11 May 2013 16157:from the original on 11 May 2013 16114:from the original on 11 May 2013 16071:from the original on 11 May 2013 16029:from the original on 11 May 2013 15987:from the original on 11 May 2013 15901:from the original on 11 May 2013 15859:from the original on 11 May 2013 15816: 15764: 15754:, Odoya, Bologna 2010, 240 pp., 15744: 15735: 15666:of the Iranian Sassanian Empire. 15584:from the original on 21 May 2022 15545:from the original on 30 May 2022 15204:. British Museum. Archived from 14762:. 21 August 2014. Archived from 14736:from the original on 7 July 2022 14698:The million year old tooth from 14590:. 6 January 2017. Archived from 14233:. United Nations. pp. 5–6. 13357:(7th ed.). Washington, DC: 13334:education.nationalgeographic.org 13033:from the original on 8 July 2022 12384: 12315:This section is an excerpt from 12182: 12168: 12154: 12140: 12123:metropolitan areas within Europe 11988:history of Jewish life in Europe 11334: 11043: 11019: 10995: 10971: 10947: 10923: 10898: 10873: 10849: 10825: 10799: 10744: 10720: 10696: 10672: 10648: 10624: 10600: 10576: 10551: 10526: 10500: 10266: 10205: 10170: 10162: 10130: 10122: 10090: 10082: 10050: 10042: 10010: 10002: 9970: 9962: 9929: 9921: 9889: 9752: 9744: 9715: 9707: 9673: 9665: 9636: 9628: 9599: 9591: 9473: 9465: 9433: 9425: 9382: 9374: 9338: 9281: 9273: 9236: 9228: 9191: 9183: 9146: 9138: 9101: 9093: 9051: 9043: 9007: 8999: 8956: 8948: 8911: 8903: 8866: 8858: 8821: 8813: 8765: 8757: 8714: 8706: 8669: 8661: 8619: 8611: 8575: 8567: 8531: 8523: 8486: 8478: 8429: 8421: 8384: 8376: 8340: 8332: 8295: 8287: 8244: 8236: 8199: 8191: 8148: 8140: 8104: 8096: 8059: 8051: 8007: 7999: 7962: 7954: 7911: 7903: 7866: 7858: 7815: 7807: 7770: 7762: 7725: 7717: 7680: 7672: 7623: 7615: 7578: 7570: 7526: 7518: 7476: 7468: 7419: 7411: 7368: 7360: 7324: 7316: 7279: 7271: 7228: 7220: 7184: 7176: 7140: 7132: 6800:as well as non-European states. 6694:now live in nature preserves in 6195:This section is an excerpt from 4978:, controlled by Germany and the 4013:(1511): Contemporaries, such as 3863:, caused a massive migration of 3231: 3217: 3175:fall of the Western Roman Empire 2588:Paleolithic cave paintings from 2095: 2091:Boundary between Europe and Asia 1271: 986: 688:fall of the Western Roman Empire 226: 225: 41: 27091:Latin America and the Caribbean 26957:Latin America and the Caribbean 25815:Possible future supercontinents 22545:Social (and financial) rankings 22347:Financial (and social) rankings 22257:Euronest Parliamentary Assembly 21333: 20971:. Bern: Peter Lang. p. 2. 20573:Religion in an Expanding Europe 19387:. Bloomberg.com. Archived from 19337:not counting the microstate of 19183:. Save America's Forest Funds. 17738:. Population Reference Bureau. 17066:. Cambridge: University Press. 15887:. MIT Press. pp. 178–179. 15671: 15649: 15624: 15619:Journal of the History of Ideas 15612: 15596: 15557: 15498: 15415: 15295:. A&C Black. pp. 7–9. 15238: 15212: 15194: 15175: 15157: 15044: 15024: 14988: 14901: 14779: 14748: 14717: 14691: 14636: 14618:U.S. Department of the Interior 14606: 14576: 14481: 14456: 14431: 14412: 14386: 14368: 14337: 14324: 14267: 14252: 14216: 14207: 14182: 14166: 14126:"Some Europes in Their History" 14080: 14048: 14035: 14010: 13998: 13989: 13968: 13942: 13910: 13884: 13780: 13755: 13657: 13507: 13475: 13388: 13376: 13296: 13284:from the original on 3 May 2018 13272:"Demographia World Urban Areas" 12702:is the official capital, while 11251: 10443:national economies in GDP (PPP) 9808:countries of the United Kingdom 8653: 8647: 7126:Name(s) in official language(s) 6961:, in most cases in the form of 6615:of Europe and bordering regions 4473:in Europe centred on the five " 4212:in 1517 when German theologian 4065:, under the joint patronage of 3674:Renaissance of the 12th century 3437:, became part of the expanding 2832:. Iron Age colonisation by the 2187:The convention received by the 2118:as a geographic term is in the 822:dissolution of the Soviet Union 22165:Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) 19704:Emadi-Coffin, Barbara (2002). 19453:. 15 July 2008. Archived from 19264:Walker, Matt (4 August 2009). 19089:Abnett, Kate (21 April 2020). 18746:"UK leaves the European Union" 17936:A companion to Russian history 17923:". BBC News. 24 November 2006. 17543:A shortened history of England 17309:. Princeton University Press. 17280:. Cambridge University Press. 15635:The Medieval World 300 to 1300 14487:E.M. Moores, R.W. Fairbridge, 14463:Tutin, Thomas Gaskell (1993). 13188: 13162: 13136: 13110: 13015: 12764:Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic 11430:population of European origins 11170:'s main economical sources is 10398:are still reemerging from the 9812:Autonomous Regions of Portugal 9085: 9079: 7510: 7352: 7049:List of states and territories 7027:democratic countries in Europe 6227:consequences of climate change 6225:to prevent the most dangerous 6090: 5998: 5906: 5814: 5722: 5566:The large water masses of the 4927:, brought about the worldwide 4552:independent principalities of 4293:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 4238:Religious fighting and warfare 4133:opened the ocean route to the 3807:sack of Constantinople in 1204 3443:second siege of Constantinople 2996:advance in Europe through the 2623:, numerous cold phases called 1121: 1115: 13: 1: 23388:country of the United Kingdom 22388:Eurasian Customs Union (EACU) 20764:American Economic Association 20379:10.1080/21533369.2001.9668313 20366:Journal for Maritime Research 18005:Loti, Pierre (30 June 1918). 17972:Hosking, Geoffrey A. (2001). 17758:. Prague Post. 28 June 2014. 17527:Ottoman Empire – 19th century 17478:National Geographic, 371–373. 17140:W.G. Clarence-Smith (2006). " 16910:National Geographic, 256–257. 16849:Morris, Terence Alan (1998). 16015:. Go-Bos Press. p. 424. 15690:National Geographic, 143–145. 15567:A History of Greek Literature 15528:Theodosius: The Empire at Bay 13560:Indo-European Poetry and Myth 13238:Analysis (19 December 2011). 13144:"GDP Nominal, current prices" 13008: 12300:European Region of Gastronomy 11131:and thus were members of the 11070:Industrial growth (1760–1945) 7002:and 20 of the monetary union 6710:Other carnivores include the 6321:) which became a part of the 5099:, which involved the largest 4802:, as new European countries. 4669:History of the European Union 4514:Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) 4266:Ottoman expansion into Europe 4198:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 4151:circumnavigation of the globe 3597:expanded from its capital in 3540: 2912:instituted the world's first 2597: 2541: 2499:adopted a boundary along the 2437: 2424:before cutting north towards 2366:Philip Johan von Strahlenberg 1218: 812:. This divide ended with the 694:of Europe in the wake of the 83:to identify unique citations. 26558:Middle East and North Africa 26263:Middle East and North Africa 25593:Other prehistoric continents 22242:European Economic Area (EEA) 21381:for statistical convenience 21339:"Inland fisheries of Europe" 21064:for statistical convenience 20849:"The World's Cities in 2016" 19520:. Accessed on 18 April 2017. 18839:Cuper, Simon (23 May 2014). 17030:Food, Famine And Fertilisers 16796:John Morris Roberts (1997). 16302:Klyuchevsky, Vasily (1987). 16275:. Rockford Institute. 2005. 14935:10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.11.009 14524:Posth; Yu; Ghalichi (2023). 14423:(in Russian). Archived from 14316:(in Russian). Archived from 14138:10.1017/CBO9780511496813.003 14128:. In Pagden, Anthony (ed.). 14017:Franxman, Thomas W. (1979). 13983:, Volume 1, Rivington 1830, 13240:"Global religious landscape" 12521:spanning Eastern Europe and 12056:Major cities and urban areas 11863: Other religions (0.1%) 11772:and the Council of Europe's 11475: 11358: 11283:in and around Europe in 2021 11158:Reunification (1991–present) 11138:The states which retained a 11125:Central and Eastern European 10431:largest single economic area 10400:collapse of the Soviet Union 9800:British Overseas Territories 6683:(Scandinavia, Spain, etc.). 6289:Geological history of Europe 5364: 4767:Russia was plunged into the 4681:throughout the world in 1914 4153:, completed by the Spaniard 3385:, Islam penetrated into the 2557:Last Glacial Maximum refugia 2511:Some view the separation of 2114:The first recorded usage of 1099: 1068: 1059: 1046: 1025: 1017:Proto-Indo-European religion 1003: 997: 980: 968: 948: 851:and is based on a system of 749:, and the majority of Asia. 201:$ 24.02 trillion (2022 est; 188:$ 33.62 trillion (2022 est; 7: 22114:International organisations 21941:Russian invasion of Ukraine 21643:National Geographic Society 21551:; Morisson, Cécile (2007). 21492:National Geographic Society 21443:Oxford Learner's Dictionary 21428:also place Georgia in Asia. 21111:also place Georgia in Asia. 20270:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 20158:, English translation 2004. 20134:. Telegraph. 15 March 2007. 20045:European Environment Agency 19518:International Monetary Fund 19060:climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu 18509:Refugees: Save Us! Save Us! 18023:– via Newspapers.com. 17496:. Oxford University Press. 17239:Political Science Quarterly 17177:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 18. 16182:The Essential World History 16137:Frucht, Richard C. (2004). 15842:The Essential World History 15332:. Oxford University Press. 14191:Crisis in Western Education 13774:Online Etymology Dictionary 13635:Astour, Michael C. (1967). 13563:. OUP Oxford. p. 185. 13306:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 12706:is the administrative seat. 12377: 12296:European Capital of Culture 12010:in Europe, followed by the 11779: 11464:and some parts of Northern 9541:independent countries with 9416: 8990: 8748: 8278: 8042: 7945: 7658: 7561: 7402: 7262: 6805: 6297:Surficial geology of Europe 5317:, which in 1993 became the 5303:European Economic Community 4954:in 1935 and 1936. In 1938, 4633:20th century to the present 4236:and Roman Catholic faiths. 3711:and the establishment of a 3561:. Further south, the first 3265:decline of the Roman Empire 2992:would ultimately check the 2772:Megalithic Temples of Malta 2766:. During this period giant 2418:Russian Academy of Sciences 2364:Four years later, in 1725, 1211: 1205: 1193: 1178: 1160: 1145: 1139: 1127: 1109: 1086: 1077: 907:Reconstruction of an early 745:, almost all of Africa and 648:after Asia and Africa. The 10: 27605: 26851:Northeastern United States 23236:British Overseas Territory 22854:Countries and dependencies 22815:Articles related to Europe 22505:Electricity use per capita 22012:Largest metropolitan areas 21485: 21178:World Tourism Organization 21125:"47 countries, one Europe" 20337:(5): 12–18. Archived from 20170:Word migration report 2022 19935:. AOL News. Archived from 19857:. Telegraph. 8 March 2009. 19653:. Oxford University Press. 18881:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 18046:. Washington. p. 13. 16974:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 16599:Revill, Jo (16 May 2004). 16524:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 15912:(Queller and Madden 1997). 15660:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 3. 15531:. Routledge. p. 105. 15508:. Batsford, London, 2004. 15427:Cambridge University Press 15425:. 2nd edition. Cambridge: 15060:Encyclopedia of Prehistory 14915:Journal of Human Evolution 14813:10.1038/d41586-022-01593-3 14552:10.1038/s41586-023-05726-0 14364:Dublin University Magazine 14213:Noted by Cantor, 1993:181. 14104: 14056:Posidonius: The commentary 13979:4.38. C.f. James Rennell, 12996: 12967: 12954: 12926: 12910: 12890: 12859: 12839: 12826: 12810: 12773: 12745: 12729: 12709: 12696:Kingdom of the Netherlands 12669: 12648: 12627: 12606: 12579: 12532: 12511: 12488: 12456:List of villages in Europe 12314: 12208: 12202: 12198: 12059: 11857: Folk religion (0.1%) 11795:Global Religious Landscape 11783: 11718:) are spoken primarily in 11496: 11479: 11424:, while most of the other 11362: 11344: 11338: 11329:Central and Eastern Europe 11261: 11255: 11041: 11017: 10993: 10969: 10945: 10921: 10895: 10871: 10847: 10823: 10795: 10742: 10718: 10694: 10670: 10646: 10622: 10598: 10574: 10548: 10524: 10496: 10433:in the world. Nineteen EU 10390:, while most economies of 10319: $ 20,000 – $ 30,000 10307: $ 30,000 – $ 40,000 10297: $ 40,000 – $ 50,000 10285: $ 50,000 – $ 60,000 10238: 10234: 7052: 6819: 6809: 6742:and other birds of prey). 6677:Central and Eastern Europe 6601: 6282: 6278: 6194: 5530:Europe lies mainly in the 5497:temperate broadleaf forest 5438: 5434: 5404:and at its heart lies the 5368: 5245:communist states collapsed 4646: 4636: 4415:American Revolutionary War 4379: 4373: 4314:were conquered by Russia, 4041:and Arabic knowledge from 3981: 3975: 3719:. Through monasteries and 3634: 3620: 3504:During the Dark Ages, the 3202: 3192: 3179:Platonic Academy of Athens 2869: 2863: 2545: 2534: 2530: 2456:Greater Caucasus watershed 2272: 2249:, and limited to northern 2088: 1228: 1222: 991: 974: 962: 943: 896: 828:to advance significantly. 709:spread in the continent a 684:their Christian successors 609:, and the waterway of the 29: 27539: 27481: 27458: 27425: 27389: 27322: 27216: 27124: 27115: 27044: 26965: 26771: 26575: 26356: 26314: 26223: 26214: 26162: 26119: 26059: 25961: 25719: 25715: 25514: 25510: 25431: 25427: 25303: 25299: 25012:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance 24992: 24910: 24747: 24582: 24453:Standard Average European 24321: 24150: 24070: 23960: 23894: 23836: 23732: 23681: 23650: 23580: 23544: 23500: 23405: 23361: 23336: 23311: 23298: 23245: 23221: 23214: 23191: 23178: 23136: 23125: 22864: 22820: 22766: 22705: 22587: 22530: 22521: 22490:Health expense per capita 22406: 22375: 22337: 22333: 22324: 22210: 22142: 22104: 22100: 22091: 21990: 21981: 21949: 21870: 21861: 21676:Columbia University Press 21165:World Health Organization 20997:sustainable-prosperity.eu 20744:, October 25, 1915, p. 11 19708:. Routledge. p. 64. 19477:"The World Bank DataBank" 18735:National Geographic, 535. 18726:National Geographic, 537. 18717:National Geographic, 536. 18567:National Geographic, 530. 18539:10.1017/s0034670500008081 18407:Columbia University Press 18257:Taylor, A. J. P. (1996). 18247:National Geographic, 465. 17827:National Geographic, 480. 17780:National Geographic, 407. 17697:Maddison (27 July 2016). 17606:, Encyclopædia Britannica 17570:History of Trade Unionism 17469:National Geographic, 367. 17460:National Geographic, 350. 17372:National Geographic, 360. 17329:National Geographic, 255. 16983:National Geographic, 269. 16831:National Geographic, 338. 16822:National Geographic, 296. 16799:Penguin History of Europe 16786:National Geographic, 193. 16762:National Geographic, 292. 16727:Jensen, De Lamar (1992), 16718:National Geographic, 254. 16563:National Geographic, 223. 16535:"Plague: The Black Death" 16453:Baumgartner, Frederic J. 16342:"The Destruction of Kyiv" 16221:National Geographic, 211. 16143:. ABC-CLIO. p. 856. 15924:Browning, Robert (1992). 15823:Laiou & Morisson 2007 15813:National Geographic, 199. 15804:National Geographic, 192. 15795:National Geographic, 186. 15786:National Geographic, 158. 15708:National Geographic, 166. 15699:National Geographic, 162. 15646:National Geographic, 135. 15603:Laiou & Morisson 2007 15495:National Geographic, 123. 15251:. Routledge. p. 10. 14703:22 September 2021 at the 14538:(2 March 2023): 117–126. 14263:(in German). p. 106. 14043:Posidonios. Die Fragmente 13767:17 September 2017 at the 13596:FitzRoy, Charles (2015). 13439:National Geographic, 534. 13200:Human Development Reports 13118:"GDP PPP, current prices" 13027:worldpopulationreview.com 12941:Luhansk People's Republic 12937:Donetsk People's Republic 12805:International recognition 12471:OSCE countries statistics 12461:Lists of cities in Europe 12348:instances to predominate. 11925:in the late 4th century. 11742:, most notably including 11726:, most notably including 11347:Genetic history of Europe 10426:towards Africa and Asia. 10329: $ 10,000 – $ 20,000 10279: 10269: 9514: 9507: 9501: 9410: 9366: 9327: 9321: 9315: 9309: 9265: 9220: 9175: 9130: 9035: 8984: 8940: 8895: 8850: 8805: 8799: 8793: 8742: 8698: 8603: 8559: 8515: 8470: 8464: 8458: 8413: 8368: 8324: 8272: 8228: 8183: 8177: 8132: 8088: 8036: 7991: 7939: 7895: 7850: 7844: 7799: 7754: 7709: 7664: 7652: 7607: 7555: 7504: 7460: 7454: 7448: 7396: 7308: 7256: 7212: 7168: 7076:= Member state of the EU 7041:in 2024 according to the 6590:) extends westwards from 6262:in the 21st century, the 6256:climate change mitigation 6217:is getting warmer due to 6091: 5999: 5907: 5815: 5723: 5168:Free Territory of Trieste 5011:Soviet invasion of Poland 4925:Wall Street Crash of 1929 4775:and replaced it with the 4618:Public Health Act of 1875 4538:Greek War of Independence 4413:. Consequently, when the 4137:linking the Atlantic and 3927:, one of the most deadly 3913:Great Famine of 1315–1317 3871:, these territories were 3845:Mongol invasion of Europe 3785:against heretics. In the 3617:High and Late Middle Ages 3516:, a Frankish king of the 3383:Muslim conquest of Persia 3023:, which left its mark on 2226:, as opposed to both the 1932:; to the south-east, the 1270: 1185: 1167: 1152: 1133: 881:Regular popular elections 867:, and participate in the 792:divided Europe along the 739:European powers colonised 504: 482: 413: 399: 329: 305: 281: 269: 234: 221: 209: 197: 176: 172:72.9/km (188/sq mi) (2nd) 168: 156: 144: 118: 27332:Antarctic/Southern Ocean 26336:Transantarctic Mountains 26002:Chronology of continents 25152:Lancaster House Treaties 24642:Christian existentialism 24602:Ancient Roman philosophy 24592:Ancient Greek philosophy 22720:Childhood population (%) 22455:GNI (nominal) per capita 21937:hybrid variant (2020-22) 21411:11 December 2020 at the 21373:26 December 2018 at the 21291:Russian Foreign Ministry 21185:26 December 2010 at the 21056:26 December 2018 at the 20399:15 November 2019 at the 19638:Encyclopædia Britannica. 19239:"European bison, Wisent" 18261:. Simon & Schuster. 17933:Gleason, Abbott (2009). 17436:Grab, Alexander (2003). 17301:Cassirer, Ernst (1979). 17171:Hunt, Shelby D. (2003). 16444:. Oglethorpe University. 16009:Golna, Cornelia (2004). 15881:Findlay, Ronald (2006). 15352:National Geographic, 76. 14776:National Geographic, 21. 14647:from Dmanisi, Georgia". 14509:Lewis & Wigen (1997) 14343:Douglas W. Freshfield, " 13952:. Princeton University. 13457:european-union.europa.eu 13170:"Nominal GDP per capita" 12519:transcontinental country 12482: 12309: 11319:. The average number of 10420:Belt and Road Initiative 10386:in general, followed by 10327: 10317: 10305: 10295: 10283: 10273: 6698:, on the border between 6597: 6522:of the Caucasus and the 6430: 6332:block) became joined to 6266:being one of these. The 6231:greenhouse gas emissions 6197:Climate change in Europe 5520: 5511: 5502: 5493: 5483: 5474: 5465: 5456: 5347:Russo-Ukrainian conflict 5301:in 1957 established the 4939:in power of what became 4842:of 1937–38 in which the 4689:was assassinated by the 4342:The Renaissance and the 4326:Eastern Slavic lands to 4285:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 3822:Constantinople was taken 3254: 3247: 2916:system of government in 2810:Indo-European migrations 2443:by a German naturalist, 2401:, writing in 1760 about 2110:('Queen Europe') in 1582 2049:transcontinental country 1029:would yield a different 899:Europa (consort of Zeus) 553:. It is bordered by the 545:located entirely in the 27081:Caribbean South America 24930:Equality before the law 24137:Romano-Germanic culture 23392:British-Irish Agreement 22155:Council of Europe (CoE) 22134:Transatlantic relations 21665:Encyclopædia Britannica 21650:from the United States 21639:Europe: Human Geography 21633:Encyclopædia Britannica 21533:. Infobase Publishing. 21418:Encyclopædia Britannica 21400:4 February 2021 at the 21298:21 January 2022 at the 21211:5 December 2013 at the 21198:2 November 2018 at the 21172:12 January 2011 at the 21101:Encyclopædia Britannica 21094:19 January 2012 at the 21083:27 January 2021 at the 20553:. Pew Research Center. 20262:pelo autor Fale com o. 19958:Unemployment statistics 19906:The Wall Street Journal 19181:"History and geography" 19155:"Geology map of Europe" 19128:Encyclopædia Britannica 18609:14 January 2022 at the 18179:Hobsbawm, Eric (1995). 17874:Harrison, Mark (2002). 17707:University of Groningen 17642:Encyclopædia Britannica 17598:16 October 2014 at the 17521:26 January 2022 at the 17488:Davies, Norman (1996). 17382:McEvedy, Colin (1972). 16772:Levey, Michael (1971). 16748:Levey, Michael (1967). 16490:9 November 2006 at the 16440:2 November 2015 at the 16380:Encyclopædia Britannica 16094:Irvin, Dale T. (2002). 15750:Marc'Antonio Bragadin, 15481:McEvedy, Colin (1961). 15439:Strauss, Barry (2005). 15289:Daly, Jonathan (2013). 15245:Short, John R. (1987). 15008:Oxford University Press 14669:10.1126/science.1072953 14345:Journey in the Caucasus 14274:Davies, Norman (1996). 14091:7.5.6 (ed. Nobbe 1845, 13697:Beekes, Robert (2004). 13401:. Capstone. p. 5. 12979:Encyclopædia Britannica 12962:Continent § Number 12002:. In the 21st century, 11965:certain parts of Russia 11955:, two countries in the 11341:Ethnic groups in Europe 7043:V-Dem Democracy indices 6993:Eurasian Economic Union 6959:parliamentary democracy 6726:, different species of 6659:lives primarily in the 6305:(Fennoscandia) and the 6229:; without reduction in 5321:. The EU established a 5249:fall of the Berlin Wall 4999:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 4897:First Austrian Republic 4814:(including the postwar 4771:, which threw down the 4623:Great Famine of Ireland 4544:, which ended with the 4491:Austro-Hungarian empire 4370:18th and 19th centuries 3795:fall of Granada in 1492 3755:Eastern Orthodox Church 3407:parts of southern Italy 3375:Byzantine–Sasanian wars 3019:Greece was followed by 2770:monuments, such as the 2255:Carolingian Renaissance 2220:Carolingian Renaissance 1236:Contemporary definition 890: 855:. The EU originated in 818:fall of the Berlin Wall 692:Christian consolidation 682:, particularly through 32:Europe (disambiguation) 26861:Southern United States 26664:Scandinavian Peninsula 25763:Great Australian Bight 25092:Eastern European Group 24681:Continental philosophy 24612:Judeo-Christian ethics 24597:Hellenistic philosophy 24078:Cradle of civilization 23228:(Sovereign Base Areas) 22909:Bosnia and Herzegovina 21367:Statistics Department 21050:Statistics Department 20799:encyclopedia.ushmm.org 20503:2 October 2015 at the 19131:. 2007. Archived from 18963:10.1038/sdata.2018.214 18527:The Review of Politics 18286:. War History Online. 17839:The Age of Catastrophe 17618:English Social History 17440:. Palgrave MacMillan. 17407:Lyons, Martyn (1994). 16970:1 January 2015 at the 16632:Peter Barrett (2004), 16231:Peters, Ralph (2006). 15401:. Dover publications. 13383:Lewis & Wigen 1997 12807:, however, is limited. 12339: 12304:European Youth Capital 12257:Ottoman wars in Europe 12243:(or more specifically 12228: 11992:Russian census of 1897 11953:Bosnia and Herzegovina 11642:) is spoken mainly in 11531:in Central Europe and 11494: 11490:Distribution of major 11398:emigration from Europe 11378: 11284: 11258:Demographics of Europe 11199: 11107: 11096: 10370: 7485:Bosnia and Herzegovina 6915: 6707: 6619:Glaciation during the 6616: 6502: 6476:Scandinavian Mountains 6440: 6394:Scandinavian Mountains 6298: 6274:since 1 December 2019. 6219:anthropogenic activity 6208: 5601: 5527: 5412:-cut spine of Norway. 5380: 5212: 5088: 5051:attack on Pearl Harbor 4970:, which was a part of 4880: 4861: 4764: 4682: 4608:, the legalisation of 4588: 4409:brought to an end the 4402: 4210:Protestant Reformation 4205: 4026: 3873:overrun by the Mongols 3848: 3742: 3658: 3571:First Bulgarian Empire 3501: 3107:ended in 27 BCE, when 3016: 2976:; and in science with 2893: 2791:Early European Farmers 2736:Linear Pottery culture 2648:Homo erectus georgicus 2616: 2601: 2581: 2434:Kuma–Manych Depression 2384:between the Volga and 2299: 2291: 2162:at the River Don. The 2111: 2085:History of the concept 1984: 1979:) and Africa to Cham ( 1952: 1595:Franz Josef Land (Rus) 1245:continental boundaries 1092:Martin Litchfield West 1050:to a Semitic term for 916: 869:European single market 622:fifty sovereign states 79:Please consider using 27337:Antarctic Convergence 26881:Western United States 25212:Three Seas Initiative 25187:Pacific Islands Forum 25052:British–Irish Council 24800:Greek Orthodox Church 24259:Industrial Revolution 24229:Scientific Revolution 23255:Bailiwick of Guernsey 23226:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 22495:Military spending (%) 22485:Unemployment rate (%) 22230:free trade agreements 21995:Areas and populations 21648:European Reading Room 21553:The Byzantine Economy 21423:26 April 2015 at the 21060:places Azerbaijan in 20953:16 March 2018 at the 20919:www.citypopulation.de 19668:. The History Guide. 19297:Ecological Entomology 18477:Bundy, Colin (2016). 17568:Webb, Sidney (1976). 16873:. C. Scribner, p. 400 16869:Rowse, A. L. (1969). 16853:. Routledge, p. 335. 16640:22 April 2022 at the 16051:Powell, John (2001). 15967:Byfield, Ted (2008). 15564:Hadas, Moses (1950). 15052:Peregrine, Peter Neal 14786:Fleming, Nic (2022). 14073:1 August 2020 at the 13718:10.1515/kadm.43.1.167 13098:, Population Division 13064:, Population Division 12964:for more information. 12566:Bailiwick of Guernsey 12476:Pan-European identity 12326: 12222: 12209:Further information: 12068:urban areas of Europe 12060:Further information: 11977:immigration to Europe 11758:is the only European 11672:Balkan Gagauz Turkish 11654:and parts of Russia. 11507:language groups: the 11489: 11446:São Tomé and Príncipe 11376: 11365:Immigration to Europe 11345:Further information: 11307:since the 1970s. The 11279: 11242:sovereign debt crisis 11165: 11102: 11090: 11076:Industrial Revolution 10404:breakup of Yugoslavia 10256: 9979:Bailiwick of Guernsey 9898:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 6983:since the end of the 6914: 6689: 6613:Biogeographic regions 6611: 6580:Mediterranean Cypress 6500: 6438: 6296: 6206: 5596: 5448: 5378: 5333:, and introduced the 5203: 5191:nuclear proliferation 5091:After the staggering 5082:Franklin D. Roosevelt 5067: 5045:. On 7 December 1941 5033:In May 1940, Germany 4867: 4856: 4758: 4676: 4593:Industrial Revolution 4581:Industrial Revolution 4574: 4397: 4382:Industrial Revolution 4348:scientific revolution 4242:religious persecution 4192: 4155:Juan Sebastián Elcano 4071:Roman Catholic Church 4003: 3992:Scientific Revolution 3968:swept across Europe. 3894:Grand Duchy of Moscow 3834: 3729: 3717:Roman Catholic Church 3644: 3607:Orthodox Christianity 3492: 3010: 2883: 2812:5,000 years ago. The 2806:Pontic–Caspian steppe 2797:9,000 years ago; and 2748:causewayed enclosures 2607: 2587: 2559:, c. 20,000 years ago 2555: 2297: 2286: 2273:Further information: 2180:, separating it from 2103: 1975:), Europe to Iafeth ( 1958: 1950: 1223:Further information: 972:) 'wide, broad', and 906: 897:Further information: 766:Industrial Revolution 741:at various times the 618:seven-continent model 137:Hide national borders 127:Show national borders 55:The reason given is: 26403:Greater Central Asia 25987:Continental fragment 25982:Regions of the world 25207:Special Relationship 24617:Christian philosophy 24562:Western Christianity 24224:Age of Enlightenment 24098:Hellenistic Kingdoms 22500:Urban population (%) 22460:GNI (PPP) per capita 22005:European microstates 21387:11 July 2017 at the 21285:26 July 2022 at the 21272:26 July 2022 at the 21106:30 July 2022 at the 21070:11 July 2017 at the 20948:Europe and the Faith 20891:. 14 December 2015. 20858:. 2016. p. 11. 20741:The Pittsburgh Press 20524:. 18 December 2011. 20461:10.5744/fa.2019.1005 20360:Evans, N.J. (2001). 20154:20 July 2011 at the 20130:14 June 2022 at the 19963:14 June 2012 at the 19837:on 30 December 2010. 19649:Scott, John (2005). 19512:24 June 2021 at the 18105:"Serbia and Austria" 17742:22 July 2013 at the 17636:30 July 2022 at the 16950:Humphreys, Kenneth. 16884:The Mariner's Mirror 16459:Macmillan Publishers 16435:The Late Middle Ages 15928:The Byzantine Empire 15825:, pp. 130–131; 15605:, pp. 130–131; 15395:Heath, Thomas Little 15363:Heath, Thomas Little 15010:. pp. 215–216. 14956:Borza, E.N. (1992). 14766:on 18 February 2021. 14714:, found in June 2007 14421:"Physical Geography" 14330:Peter Simon Pallas, 13950:"Europe – Noun" 13395:Covert, Kim (2011). 12436:Healthcare in Europe 12035:Republic of Kalmykia 11704:Kartvelian languages 11450:White South Africans 11232:Figures released by 11083:Cold War (1945–1991) 10479:(nominal, Peak Year) 6977:European integration 6834:European integration 6464:North Atlantic Drift 6315:East European craton 5506:mediterranean forest 5402:Great European Plain 5275:European integration 5093:Battle of Stalingrad 5043:Operation Barbarossa 4891:: in 1919, with the 4824:second Soviet famine 4808:Treaty of Versailles 4784:Russian governorates 4691:Yugoslav nationalist 4614:abolition of slavery 4390:Age of Enlightenment 4330:. Further east, the 4123:Christopher Columbus 4069:, the nobility, the 4006:The School of Athens 3855:tribes, such as the 3843:in 1238, during the 3575:Serbian Principality 3506:Western Roman Empire 3350:, also known as the 3348:Eastern Roman Empire 3242:Charlemagne's empire 3165:) which was renamed 3155:imperial persecution 3002:Golden Age of Athens 2795:Neolithic Revolution 2230:churches and to the 2212:Western Roman Empire 2142:on the territory of 2076:—which are parts of 2007:, may also refer to 2001:North-western Africa 1054:, this being either 826:European integration 754:Age of Enlightenment 698:marked the European 672:Western civilisation 662:continental climates 213:$ 34,230 (2022 est; 27549:Continents of Earth 27076:Brazilian Highlands 26485:Indian subcontinent 26346:Antarctic Peninsula 26144:Southern Hemisphere 26139:Northern Hemisphere 25944:Indian Subcontinent 25734:Submerged continent 25232:West Nordic Council 25097:Eastern Partnership 24686:Analytic philosophy 24387:Classical tradition 24209:Early modern period 24165:Classical antiquity 24160:European Bronze Age 23961:Comprehensive group 23837:Southwestern Europe 23733:Southeastern Europe 23348:unincorporated area 23277:Bailiwick of Jersey 23139:States with limited 22480:Press Freedom Index 22407:Sovereign states by 22252:Eastern Partnership 21888:Classical antiquity 21652:Library of Congress 21406:National Geographic 21314:on 19 February 2011 21224:2 July 2022 at the 21153:on 31 December 2010 21089:National Geographic 20889:Hürriyet Daily News 20772:10.1257/pol.5.3.189 20720:Pew Research Center 20685:Pew Research Center 20623:Orthodoxy and Islam 20149:Living-Diversity.eu 19986:27 May 2016 at the 19853:31 May 2022 at the 19632:17 May 2014 at the 19309:1997EcoEn..22..390B 19245:on 26 December 2016 18955:2018NatSD...580214B 18937:(30 October 2018). 18752:. 1 February 2020. 18400:21 May 2022 at the 18357:National Geographic 18345:National Geographic 18333:National Geographic 18321:National Geographic 18309:National Geographic 18206:National Geographic 17862:National Geographic 17790:National Geographic 17717:on 12 February 2021 17679:4 July 2010 at the 16545:on 16 February 2012 16539:National Geographic 16373:29 May 2008 at the 15718:Bulliet et al. 2011 15328:Dunn, John (1994). 15226:on 19 November 2018 15169:Scientific American 15125:10.1038/nature14317 15117:2015Natur.522..207H 14927:2012JHumE..62..286D 14869:10.1038/nature13810 14861:2014Natur.514..445F 14804:2022Natur.606.1035F 14760:National Geographic 14661:2002Sci...297...85V 14594:on 29 November 2020 14588:National Geographic 14584:"Quaternary Period" 14544:2023Natur.615..117P 14427:on 16 October 2011. 14419:Orlenok V. (1998). 14098:24 May 2020 at the 13787:M. L. West (1997). 13517:. 15 February 1585. 13359:National Geographic 12975:National Geographic 12660:metropolitan France 12502:Republic of Moldova 12401:Early modern Europe 12370:is common even for 11740:Northwest Caucasian 11724:Northeast Caucasian 11511:, derived from the 11492:languages of Europe 11482:Languages of Europe 11321:children per female 11186:, copper, iron and 10396:Southeastern Europe 10275: >$ 60,000 10019:Bailiwick of Jersey 9915:Episkopi Cantonment 7511:Боснa и Херцеговина 7505:Bosna i Hercegovina 6816:Democracy in Europe 6748:small tortoiseshell 6621:most recent ice age 6512:broadleaf and mixed 6264:European Green Deal 5606: 5605:Temperatures in °C 5371:Geography of Europe 5351:full-scale invasion 5233:Pan-European Picnic 5193:. At the same time 5133:post-war expulsions 5123:. The Soviet Union 4993:over the future of 4895:in Germany and the 4858:Serbian war efforts 4848:deported and exiled 4487:Revolutions of 1848 4477:": the UK, France, 4435:First French Empire 4297:Second Northern War 4254:Peace of Westphalia 4119:Southern Hemisphere 3978:Early modern period 3972:Early modern period 3950:persecution of Jews 3933:European population 3793:concluded with the 3735:Philip II of France 3637:Medieval demography 3563:South Slavic states 3532:East Central Europe 3445:(717) weakened the 3441:. The unsuccessful 3417:were brought under 3071:coast, much of the 2968:; in medicine with 2902:rationalist culture 2866:Classical antiquity 2860:Classical antiquity 2840:gave rise to early 2818:Minoan civilisation 2814:European Bronze Age 2789:culture; Neolithic 2740:Mediterranean coast 2637:last glacial period 2178:Strait of Gibraltar 2174:Pillars of Hercules 2021:classical antiquity 1911:Strait of Gibraltar 814:Revolutions of 1989 707:Italian Renaissance 583:separated from Asia 577:with both Asia and 547:Northern Hemisphere 418:Largest urban areas 160:745,173,774 (2021; 115: 57:DuplicateReferences 27364:Great Barrier Reef 26985:Mainland Australia 26693:Apennine Peninsula 26154:Western Hemisphere 26129:Eastern Hemisphere 25725: 25520: 25437: 25309: 24691:Post-structuralism 24654:Christian humanism 24284:Universal suffrage 23494:European diasporas 23247:Crown Dependencies 22619:Capital of Culture 22470:Internet users (%) 22362:Telecommunications 22129:Post-Soviet Europe 21967:predecessor states 21549:Laiou, Angeliki E. 21393:CIA World Factbook 21377:places Georgia in 21259:9 May 2021 at the 21076:CIA World Factbook 20407:, 23 November 2005 19761:1 May 2009 at the 19391:on 28 January 2015 19135:on 4 December 2007 18905:on 9 November 2006 18895:"European Climate" 18877:3 May 2015 at the 18841:"Why Europe works" 18409:, 2000, pp. 45–52. 18375:2018-03-16 at the 18043:The New York Times 17919:2006-11-27 at the 17660:2019-11-09 at the 17620:. Longmans, Green. 17413:St. Martin's Press 17148:2016-04-29 at the 17035:2022-04-17 at the 16729:Renaissance Europe 16576:. Infoplease.com. 16520:7 May 2015 at the 15504:Foster, Sally M., 15371:Dover Publications 14491:, Springer, 1997, 14350:2020-08-01 at the 14320:on 8 January 2012. 14054:I. G. Kidd (ed.), 13925:2017-03-27 at the 13896:The World Factbook 13872:on 28 October 2009 13669:www.etymonline.com 12983:CIA World Factbook 12564:legislated by the 12554:Crown Dependencies 12340: 12229: 12066:The three largest 11996:Pale of Settlement 11786:Religion in Europe 11521:Germanic languages 11495: 11379: 11325:population decline 11289:population density 11285: 11200: 11152:European Community 11150:. Until 1990, the 11123:. The majority of 11108: 11097: 10371: 9796:Crown Dependencies 9578:Population density 9502:Città del Vaticano 8749:Severna Makedonija 8743:Северна Македонија 6916: 6812:Politics of Europe 6798:European Community 6708: 6617: 6503: 6441: 6366:Scottish Highlands 6299: 6209: 5604: 5602: 5528: 5406:North German Plain 5381: 5315:European Community 5213: 5089: 4907:government in the 4885:social revolutions 4881: 4862: 4769:Russian Revolution 4765: 4683: 4616:. In Britain, the 4589: 4566:Congress of Berlin 4534:Serbian Revolution 4467:Congress of Vienna 4443:Battle of Waterloo 4431:Napoleon Bonaparte 4403: 4400:Congress of Vienna 4219:Ninety-five Theses 4206: 4194:Habsburg dominions 4184:3rd Spanish Armada 4180:2nd Spanish Armada 4175:Philip II of Spain 4143:Ferdinand Magellan 4085:, funded prolific 4027: 3940:Giovanni Boccaccio 3902:Ivan III the Great 3849: 3743: 3686:Maritime Republics 3665:, followed by the 3659: 3647:maritime republics 3603:Vladimir the Great 3591:Kingdom of Croatia 3522:Holy Roman Emperor 3502: 3459:Battle of Poitiers 3411:Visigothic Kingdom 3017: 2998:Greco-Persian Wars 2994:Achaemenid Persian 2894: 2708:European Neolithic 2655:, is the earliest 2629:Quaternary ice age 2617: 2602: 2582: 2548:Prehistoric Europe 2460:Douglas Freshfield 2445:Peter Simon Pallas 2300: 2292: 2279:Continental Europe 2269:Modern definitions 2112: 2016:physical geography 2009:Continental Europe 1985: 1953: 1934:Caucasus Mountains 917: 861:expanding eastward 656:, which produce a 573:with Asia, and of 565:to the south, and 557:to the north, the 551:Eastern Hemisphere 549:and mostly in the 169:Population density 113: 18:European continent 27571: 27570: 27565: 27564: 27445:Mediterranean Rim 27318: 27317: 27257:Mediterranean Sea 27111: 27110: 27064:Amazon Rainforest 26891:Canadian Prairies 26856:Pacific Northwest 26717:Iberian Peninsula 26502:Arabian Peninsula 26329:Antarctic Plateau 26089:Three/Four Worlds 26011: 26010: 25957: 25956: 25952: 25951: 25773:Kerguelen Plateau 25711: 25710: 25706: 25705: 25506: 25505: 25501: 25500: 25423: 25422: 25418: 25417: 25255: 25254: 25082:Council of Europe 24984:International law 24937:Constitutionalism 24795:Eastern Orthodoxy 24301:Post–Cold War era 24234:Age of Revolution 24088:Greco-Roman world 24026: 24025: 23460: 23459: 23401: 23400: 23323:autonomous region 23294: 23293: 23290: 23289: 22807: 22806: 22762: 22761: 22517: 22516: 22513: 22512: 22376:Intergovernmental 22320: 22319: 22316: 22315: 22274:Foreign relations 22175:GUAM Organization 22143:Intergovernmental 22087: 22086: 22000:Countries by area 21977: 21976: 21928:COVID-19 pandemic 21604:978-0-521-22379-9 21583:978-0-520-20743-1 21562:978-0-521-84978-4 21540:978-1-60413-106-2 21521:978-0-495-91311-5 21131:on 8 January 2011 21121:Council of Europe 20392:Robert Greenall, 20180:978-92-9268-078-7 20086:population.un.org 19715:978-0-415-19540-9 18695:. 10 March 2022. 18604:The European flag 18268:978-0-684-82947-0 18192:978-0-679-73005-7 18073:"Serbia Restored" 18012:Los Angeles Times 17991:978-0-674-00473-3 17946:978-1-4051-3560-3 17887:978-0-521-89424-1 17664:". BBC – History. 17579:978-0-404-06885-1 17554:978-0-14-010241-3 17547:. Penguin Books. 17503:978-0-19-820171-7 17492:Europe: A History 17447:978-0-333-68275-3 17422:978-0-312-12123-5 17393:978-0-14-051153-6 17386:. Penguin Books. 17359:978-0-394-55948-3 17316:978-0-691-01963-5 17287:978-0-521-37422-4 17210:Hatch, Robert A. 17184:978-0-7656-0932-8 16809:978-0-14-026561-3 16802:. Penguin Books. 16750:Early Renaissance 16705:978-0-14-044534-3 16690:Burckhardt, Jacob 16484:TheHistoryNet.com 16424:978-90-04-17536-5 16315:978-5-244-00072-6 16246:978-1-59523-030-0 16192:978-0-495-90227-0 16150:978-1-57607-800-6 16107:978-0-567-08866-6 16064:978-0-89356-015-7 16022:978-90-804114-4-9 15980:978-0-9689873-7-7 15943:978-0-8132-0754-4 15894:978-0-262-06251-0 15852:978-0-495-90227-0 15760:978-88-6288-082-4 15577:978-0-231-01767-1 15538:978-1-135-78262-7 15452:978-0-7432-7453-1 15408:978-0-486-24074-9 15380:978-0-486-24073-2 15339:978-0-19-827934-1 15302:978-1-4411-1851-6 15258:978-0-7102-0372-4 15101:(7555): 207–211. 15069:978-0-306-46258-0 15017:978-0-19-507618-9 14969:978-0-691-00880-6 14855:(7523): 445–449. 14497:978-0-412-74040-4 14474:978-0-521-41007-6 14449:978-0-521-06661-7 14287:978-0-19-820171-7 14277:Europe: A History 14200:978-0-8132-1683-6 14064:978-0-521-60443-7 14028:978-88-7653-335-8 13800:978-0-19-815221-7 13609:978-1-4081-9211-5 13570:978-0-19-928075-9 13535:. 10 January 2013 13408:978-1-4296-6831-6 13368:978-0-7922-7528-2 12694:) constitute the 12599:independent part 12372:essential workers 12360:socially isolated 12245:Latin Christendom 12211:European folklore 12205:Culture of Europe 12008:Jewish population 11767:Council of Europe 11509:Romance languages 11460:, predominate in 11391:population growth 11369:European diaspora 11353:ethnic minorities 11297:migrate to Europe 11281:Population growth 11198:, Kosovo in 2011. 11113:recovered quickly 11062: 11061: 10786: 10779: 10763: 10762: 10487: 10480: 10409:The model of the 10369: 10368: 10365: 10364: 10241:Economy of Europe 10232: 10231: 9835: 9834: 9831:= Part of the EU 9790:of Finland), two 9788:autonomous county 9780: 9779: 9535: 9534: 7080: 7079: 6981:Council of Europe 6830:Regions of Europe 6732:European hedgehog 6696:Białowieża Forest 6285:Geology of Europe 6260:energy transition 6183: 6182: 5568:Mediterranean Sea 5441:Climate of Europe 5429:rising sea levels 5421:Italian Peninsula 5417:Iberian Peninsula 5283:Winston Churchill 5279:Council of Europe 5221:Mikhail Gorbachev 5215:In the 1980s the 5209:Council of Europe 5207:, adopted by the 5144:Winston Churchill 5078:Winston Churchill 4933:fascist movements 4812:Russian Civil War 4643:History of Europe 4508:In parallel, the 4437:that, during the 4386:French Revolution 4281:Kingdom of Poland 4246:Thirty Years' War 4103:Leonardo da Vinci 4019:Leonardo da Vinci 3906:Ivan the Terrible 3898:Tsardom of Russia 3787:Iberian Peninsula 3731:Tancred of Sicily 3721:cathedral schools 3526:Holy Roman Empire 3439:Umayyad Caliphate 3335:thinkers such as 3269:Age of Migrations 3256: Tributaries 3209:Age of Migrations 3199:Early Middle Ages 3189:Early Middle Ages 2830:European Iron Age 2738:), and along the 2677:Neandertal valley 2675:(named after the 2537:History of Europe 2475:Baydaratskaya Bay 2416:published by the 2407:Halford Mackinder 2306:began to include 2275:Regions of Europe 2239:Latin Christendom 2066:Mediterranean Sea 1942:Mediterranean Sea 1867:Mediterranean Sea 1267: 1039:ancient Macedonia 853:European treaties 833:Council of Europe 768:, which began in 758:French Revolution 721:which led to the 658:temperate climate 563:Mediterranean Sea 561:to the west, the 536: 535: 109: 108: 101: 16:(Redirected from 27596: 27547: 27546: 27526:Global Southwest 27521:Global Southeast 27511:Global Northwest 27506:Global Northeast 27496:Global Heartland 27440:Indian Ocean Rim 27122: 27121: 27014:Island Melanesia 26705:Balkan Peninsula 26480:Himalayan states 26427:Russian Far East 26221: 26220: 26149:Water Hemisphere 26038: 26031: 26024: 26015: 26014: 25995: 25994: 25976:World portal 25974: 25973: 25911: 25860: 25817: 25745: 25722: 25721: 25717: 25716: 25595: 25533: 25517: 25516: 25512: 25511: 25491: 25476: 25461: 25446: 25434: 25433: 25429: 25428: 25408: 25393: 25378: 25363: 25348: 25333: 25318: 25306: 25305: 25301: 25300: 25282: 25275: 25268: 25259: 25258: 25127:EU Customs Union 24659:Secular humanism 24607:Christian ethics 24557:East–West Schism 24540:Physical culture 24264:Great Divergence 24214:Age of Discovery 24053: 24046: 24039: 24030: 24029: 23936: 23917: 23910: 23827: 23825:Meskhetian Turks 23808: 23784: 23782:Turkish Cypriots 23777: 23748: 23611: 23487: 23480: 23473: 23464: 23463: 23448: 23436: 23435: 23422:Governed by the 23384:Northern Ireland 23327:Åland convention 23309: 23308: 23219: 23218: 23189: 23188: 23131: 22866:Sovereign states 22847: 22840: 22833: 22824: 22823: 22811: 22810: 22782: 22775: 22528: 22527: 22352:Free trade areas 22335: 22334: 22331: 22330: 22102: 22101: 22098: 22097: 21988: 21987: 21868: 21867: 21844: 21837: 21830: 21821: 21820: 21815: 21807: 21806: 21805: 21798: 21790: 21789: 21788: 21781: 21773: 21772: 21771: 21764: 21756: 21755: 21754: 21744: 21728: 21727: 21726: 21716: 21715: 21714: 21707: 21692:Historical atlas 21669: 21661: 21608: 21587: 21566: 21544: 21525: 21479: 21478: 21476: 21474: 21460: 21454: 21453: 21451: 21449: 21435: 21429: 21361: 21355: 21354: 21352: 21350: 21331: 21325: 21323: 21321: 21319: 21310:. Archived from 21249: 21247: 21245: 21236:. Archived from 21162: 21160: 21158: 21149:. Archived from 21140: 21138: 21136: 21127:. Archived from 21118: 21112: 21044: 21038: 21037: 21035: 21033: 21027: 21016: 21007: 21001: 21000: 20989: 20983: 20982: 20964: 20958: 20941: 20935: 20934: 20932: 20930: 20911: 20905: 20904: 20902: 20900: 20881: 20875: 20874: 20872: 20870: 20864: 20853: 20845: 20836: 20835: 20833: 20831: 20816: 20810: 20809: 20807: 20805: 20790: 20784: 20783: 20751: 20745: 20737: 20731: 20730: 20728: 20726: 20711: 20702: 20701: 20699: 20697: 20675: 20666: 20665: 20663: 20661: 20646: 20640: 20639: 20618: 20612: 20611: 20593: 20587: 20586: 20568: 20562: 20561: 20559: 20552: 20544: 20538: 20537: 20535: 20533: 20514: 20508: 20495: 20489: 20488: 20482: 20480: 20440: 20434: 20433: 20431: 20429: 20420:. Archived from 20414: 20408: 20390: 20384: 20383: 20381: 20357: 20351: 20350: 20348: 20346: 20322: 20316: 20315: 20313: 20311: 20305: 20299:. Archived from 20298: 20290: 20284: 20283: 20281: 20279: 20258: 20252: 20251: 20249: 20247: 20235: 20226: 20225: 20223: 20221: 20206: 20200: 20199: 20197: 20195: 20165: 20159: 20141: 20135: 20122: 20116: 20115: 20113: 20111: 20096: 20090: 20089: 20078: 20072: 20071: 20070:. pp. 7, 9. 20065: 20055: 20049: 20048: 20037: 20031: 20030: 20019: 20013: 20012: 20010: 20008: 19997: 19991: 19978: 19972: 19955: 19949: 19948: 19946: 19944: 19928: 19922: 19921: 19919: 19917: 19897: 19891: 19890: 19888: 19886: 19864: 19858: 19845: 19839: 19838: 19827: 19821: 19820: 19818: 19816: 19797: 19791: 19790: 19788: 19786: 19771: 19765: 19752: 19746: 19741:Harrop, Martin. 19739: 19733: 19726: 19720: 19719: 19701: 19695: 19688: 19682: 19681: 19679: 19677: 19661: 19655: 19654: 19646: 19640: 19624: 19618: 19617: 19615: 19613: 19603: 19582: 19581: 19579: 19577: 19567: 19561: 19556: 19550: 19545: 19539: 19538: 19527: 19521: 19503: 19497: 19496: 19494: 19492: 19473: 19467: 19466: 19464: 19462: 19443: 19437: 19433: 19427: 19426: 19424: 19422: 19407: 19401: 19400: 19398: 19396: 19380: 19374: 19373: 19371: 19369: 19358: 19352: 19347: 19341: 19335: 19329: 19328: 19292: 19286: 19285: 19283: 19281: 19261: 19255: 19254: 19252: 19250: 19241:. Archived from 19235: 19229: 19228: 19226: 19224: 19218: 19211: 19203: 19197: 19196: 19194: 19192: 19177: 19171: 19170: 19168: 19166: 19151: 19145: 19144: 19142: 19140: 19119: 19106: 19105: 19103: 19101: 19086: 19080: 19077: 19071: 19070: 19068: 19066: 19052: 19046: 19045: 19043: 19041: 19026: 19020: 19019: 19017: 19015: 19000: 18994: 18991: 18985: 18984: 18974: 18930: 18924: 18921: 18915: 18914: 18912: 18910: 18891: 18882: 18869: 18863: 18862: 18860: 18858: 18836: 18830: 18829: 18827: 18825: 18816:. 7 March 2022. 18804: 18798: 18797: 18795: 18793: 18784:. 3 March 2022. 18772: 18766: 18765: 18763: 18761: 18742: 18736: 18733: 18727: 18724: 18718: 18715: 18709: 18708: 18706: 18704: 18692:The Moscow Times 18683: 18677: 18674: 18668: 18665: 18659: 18656: 18650: 18647: 18641: 18638: 18632: 18629: 18623: 18620: 18614: 18601: 18595: 18592: 18586: 18583: 18577: 18574: 18568: 18565: 18559: 18558: 18522: 18516: 18505: 18499: 18498: 18496: 18494: 18483:www.fmreview.org 18474: 18468: 18467: 18465: 18463: 18446: 18440: 18439: 18437: 18435: 18416: 18410: 18390: 18384: 18366: 18360: 18354: 18348: 18342: 18336: 18330: 18324: 18318: 18312: 18306: 18300: 18299: 18297: 18295: 18279: 18273: 18272: 18254: 18248: 18245: 18239: 18238: 18236: 18234: 18215: 18209: 18203: 18197: 18196: 18176: 18167: 18166: 18164: 18162: 18156: 18150:. 27 July 1918. 18145: 18137: 18131: 18130: 18128: 18126: 18120: 18114:. 28 July 1918. 18109: 18101: 18095: 18094: 18092: 18090: 18084: 18077: 18069: 18063: 18062: 18060: 18058: 18052: 18039: 18031: 18025: 18024: 18022: 18020: 18002: 17996: 17995: 17979: 17969: 17963: 17962: 17960: 17958: 17930: 17924: 17910: 17904: 17903: 17901: 17899: 17871: 17865: 17859: 17853: 17852: 17834: 17828: 17825: 17819: 17818: 17816: 17814: 17799: 17793: 17787: 17781: 17778: 17772: 17771: 17769: 17767: 17752: 17746: 17733: 17727: 17726: 17724: 17722: 17716: 17710:. Archived from 17703: 17694: 17688: 17687:. December 1996. 17671: 17665: 17655:The Irish Famine 17651: 17645: 17628: 17622: 17621: 17613: 17607: 17590: 17584: 17583: 17565: 17559: 17558: 17546: 17536: 17530: 17514: 17508: 17507: 17495: 17485: 17479: 17476: 17470: 17467: 17461: 17458: 17452: 17451: 17433: 17427: 17426: 17404: 17398: 17397: 17379: 17373: 17370: 17364: 17363: 17336: 17330: 17327: 17321: 17320: 17308: 17298: 17292: 17291: 17269: 17263: 17262: 17234: 17228: 17227: 17225: 17223: 17207: 17201: 17200: 17198: 17196: 17168: 17162: 17138: 17132: 17131: 17129: 17127: 17096: 17090: 17089: 17087: 17085: 17058:Frost, Robert I. 17054: 17048: 17025: 17019: 17018: 17016: 17014: 16999: 16993: 16990: 16984: 16981: 16975: 16962: 16956: 16955: 16947: 16941: 16940: 16938: 16936: 16925:en.wikibooks.org 16917: 16911: 16908: 16902: 16901: 16893: 16887: 16880: 16874: 16867: 16861: 16847: 16841: 16838: 16832: 16829: 16823: 16820: 16814: 16813: 16793: 16787: 16784: 16778: 16777: 16776:. Penguin Books. 16774:High Renaissance 16769: 16763: 16760: 16754: 16753: 16752:. Penguin Books. 16745: 16739: 16725: 16719: 16716: 16710: 16709: 16686: 16680: 16663: 16657: 16630: 16621: 16620: 16618: 16616: 16596: 16590: 16589: 16587: 16585: 16570: 16564: 16561: 16555: 16554: 16552: 16550: 16541:. Archived from 16531: 16525: 16512: 16506: 16500: 16494: 16476: 16470: 16451: 16445: 16432: 16426: 16416: 16410: 16409: 16407: 16405: 16390: 16384: 16364: 16358: 16357: 16355: 16353: 16348:on 27 April 2011 16338: 16332: 16331: 16329: 16327: 16299: 16293: 16292: 16286: 16284: 16267: 16261: 16260: 16255: 16253: 16238: 16228: 16222: 16219: 16213: 16212: 16206: 16204: 16176: 16170: 16169: 16164: 16162: 16134: 16128: 16127: 16121: 16119: 16091: 16085: 16084: 16078: 16076: 16048: 16042: 16041: 16036: 16034: 16006: 16000: 15999: 15994: 15992: 15964: 15958: 15957: 15952: 15950: 15931: 15921: 15915: 15914: 15908: 15906: 15878: 15872: 15871: 15866: 15864: 15836: 15830: 15820: 15814: 15811: 15805: 15802: 15796: 15793: 15787: 15784: 15775: 15768: 15762: 15748: 15742: 15739: 15733: 15727: 15721: 15715: 15709: 15706: 15700: 15697: 15691: 15688: 15682: 15675: 15669: 15668: 15653: 15647: 15644: 15638: 15631:Norman F. Cantor 15628: 15622: 15616: 15610: 15600: 15594: 15593: 15591: 15589: 15561: 15555: 15554: 15552: 15550: 15522: 15516: 15502: 15496: 15493: 15487: 15486: 15485:. Penguin Books. 15478: 15469: 15468: 15466: 15464: 15436: 15430: 15421:Pedersen, Olaf. 15419: 15413: 15412: 15391: 15385: 15384: 15359: 15353: 15350: 15344: 15343: 15325: 15319: 15318: 15316: 15314: 15286: 15275: 15274: 15272: 15270: 15242: 15236: 15235: 15233: 15231: 15216: 15210: 15209: 15208:on 15 June 2012. 15202:"Ancient Greece" 15198: 15192: 15191: 15179: 15173: 15172: 15161: 15155: 15154: 15144: 15110: 15083: 15074: 15073: 15048: 15042: 15031:Atkinson, R.J.C. 15028: 15022: 15021: 14992: 14986: 14985: 14983: 14981: 14953: 14947: 14946: 14905: 14899: 14898: 14888: 14840: 14834: 14833: 14815: 14783: 14777: 14774: 14768: 14767: 14752: 14746: 14745: 14743: 14741: 14721: 14715: 14695: 14689: 14688: 14640: 14634: 14633: 14631: 14629: 14610: 14604: 14603: 14601: 14599: 14580: 14574: 14573: 14563: 14521: 14512: 14506: 14500: 14485: 14479: 14478: 14460: 14454: 14453: 14435: 14429: 14428: 14416: 14410: 14409: 14407: 14405: 14390: 14384: 14372: 14366: 14341: 14335: 14328: 14322: 14321: 14310: 14304: 14303: 14301: 14299: 14271: 14265: 14264: 14256: 14250: 14249: 14247: 14245: 14239: 14232: 14220: 14214: 14211: 14205: 14204: 14186: 14180: 14173:Norman F. Cantor 14170: 14164: 14163: 14161: 14159: 14118: 14109: 14107: 14106: 14084: 14078: 14052: 14046: 14039: 14033: 14032: 14014: 14008: 14002: 13996: 13993: 13987: 13972: 13966: 13965: 13963: 13961: 13946: 13940: 13914: 13908: 13907: 13905: 13903: 13888: 13882: 13881: 13879: 13877: 13868:. Archived from 13858: 13849: 13848: 13829:10.2307/20029452 13812: 13806: 13804: 13784: 13778: 13759: 13753: 13752: 13750: 13748: 13742: 13703: 13694: 13685: 13684: 13682: 13680: 13661: 13655: 13654: 13652: 13650: 13632: 13626: 13625: 13623: 13621: 13593: 13587: 13586: 13584: 13582: 13554: 13545: 13544: 13542: 13540: 13525: 13519: 13518: 13511: 13505: 13504: 13502: 13500: 13494: 13487: 13479: 13473: 13472: 13470: 13468: 13449: 13440: 13437: 13428: 13427: 13422: 13420: 13392: 13386: 13380: 13374: 13372: 13351: 13345: 13344: 13342: 13340: 13326: 13320: 13319: 13317: 13315: 13300: 13294: 13293: 13291: 13289: 13283: 13276: 13268: 13262: 13261: 13259: 13257: 13251: 13245:. Pewforum.org. 13244: 13235: 13216: 13215: 13213: 13211: 13202:. Archived from 13192: 13186: 13185: 13183: 13181: 13166: 13160: 13159: 13157: 13155: 13140: 13134: 13133: 13131: 13129: 13114: 13108: 13107: 13105: 13103: 13093: 13085: 13074: 13073: 13071: 13069: 13054: 13043: 13042: 13040: 13038: 13019: 13000: 12971: 12958: 12933: 12914: 12897:Nagorno-Karabakh 12894: 12866: 12843: 12833: 12814: 12777: 12768:Nagorno-Karabakh 12756:Greater Caucasus 12749: 12733: 12713: 12673: 12652: 12633:Area figure for 12631: 12610: 12586: 12539: 12515: 12495: 12394: 12389: 12388: 12387: 12353:Social dimension 12186: 12172: 12158: 12144: 12100:Saint Petersburg 12006:has the largest 11967:, as well as in 11957:Balkan peninsula 11935:European culture 11883:Eastern Orthodox 11862: 11856: 11846: 11836: 11826: 11816: 11806: 11760:language isolate 11752:Semitic language 11656:Turkic languages 11608:Uralic languages 11525:Slavic languages 11272:Ageing of Europe 11190:. Miners at the 11065:Economic history 11049: 11047: 11046: 11025: 11023: 11022: 11001: 10999: 10998: 10977: 10975: 10974: 10953: 10951: 10950: 10929: 10927: 10926: 10908: 10904: 10902: 10901: 10879: 10877: 10876: 10855: 10853: 10852: 10831: 10829: 10828: 10809: 10805: 10803: 10802: 10781: 10778:(PPP, Peak Year) 10777: 10765: 10764: 10750: 10748: 10747: 10726: 10724: 10723: 10702: 10700: 10699: 10678: 10676: 10675: 10654: 10652: 10651: 10630: 10628: 10627: 10606: 10604: 10603: 10582: 10580: 10579: 10561: 10557: 10555: 10554: 10532: 10530: 10529: 10510: 10506: 10504: 10503: 10482: 10478: 10466: 10465: 10331: 10330: 10328: 10321: 10320: 10318: 10309: 10308: 10306: 10299: 10298: 10296: 10287: 10286: 10284: 10277: 10276: 10274: 10267: 10263: 10260: 10210: 10209: 10175: 10174: 10166: 10135: 10134: 10126: 10095: 10094: 10086: 10055: 10054: 10046: 10015: 10014: 10006: 9975: 9974: 9966: 9934: 9933: 9925: 9894: 9893: 9837: 9836: 9825: 9824: 9757: 9756: 9748: 9720: 9719: 9711: 9678: 9677: 9669: 9641: 9640: 9632: 9604: 9603: 9595: 9548: 9547: 9510: 9509: 9508:Civitas Vaticana 9504: 9503: 9478: 9477: 9469: 9438: 9437: 9429: 9419: 9413: 9412: 9387: 9386: 9378: 9369: 9368: 9343: 9342: 9330: 9329: 9324: 9323: 9318: 9317: 9312: 9311: 9286: 9285: 9277: 9268: 9267: 9241: 9240: 9232: 9223: 9222: 9196: 9195: 9187: 9178: 9177: 9151: 9150: 9142: 9133: 9132: 9106: 9105: 9097: 9088: 9087: 9082: 9081: 9056: 9055: 9047: 9038: 9037: 9012: 9011: 9003: 8993: 8987: 8986: 8961: 8960: 8952: 8943: 8942: 8916: 8915: 8907: 8898: 8897: 8871: 8870: 8862: 8853: 8852: 8826: 8825: 8817: 8808: 8807: 8802: 8801: 8796: 8795: 8770: 8769: 8761: 8751: 8745: 8744: 8719: 8718: 8710: 8701: 8700: 8674: 8673: 8665: 8656: 8655: 8650: 8649: 8624: 8623: 8615: 8606: 8605: 8580: 8579: 8571: 8562: 8561: 8536: 8535: 8527: 8518: 8517: 8491: 8490: 8482: 8473: 8472: 8467: 8466: 8461: 8460: 8434: 8433: 8425: 8416: 8415: 8389: 8388: 8380: 8371: 8370: 8345: 8344: 8336: 8327: 8326: 8300: 8299: 8291: 8281: 8275: 8274: 8249: 8248: 8240: 8231: 8230: 8204: 8203: 8195: 8186: 8185: 8180: 8179: 8153: 8152: 8144: 8135: 8134: 8109: 8108: 8100: 8091: 8090: 8064: 8063: 8055: 8045: 8039: 8038: 8012: 8011: 8003: 7994: 7993: 7967: 7966: 7958: 7948: 7942: 7941: 7916: 7915: 7907: 7898: 7897: 7871: 7870: 7862: 7853: 7852: 7847: 7846: 7820: 7819: 7811: 7802: 7801: 7775: 7774: 7766: 7757: 7756: 7730: 7729: 7721: 7712: 7711: 7685: 7684: 7676: 7667: 7666: 7661: 7655: 7654: 7628: 7627: 7619: 7610: 7609: 7583: 7582: 7574: 7564: 7558: 7557: 7531: 7530: 7522: 7513: 7512: 7507: 7506: 7481: 7480: 7472: 7463: 7462: 7457: 7456: 7451: 7450: 7424: 7423: 7415: 7405: 7399: 7398: 7373: 7372: 7364: 7355: 7354: 7329: 7328: 7320: 7311: 7310: 7284: 7283: 7275: 7265: 7259: 7258: 7233: 7232: 7224: 7215: 7214: 7207:Andorra la Vella 7189: 7188: 7180: 7171: 7170: 7145: 7144: 7136: 7082: 7081: 7070: 7069: 6985:Second World War 6944: 6937: 6930: 6843: 6712:European wildcat 6667:may be found on 6661:Balkan peninsula 6307:Sarmatian craton 6272:Frans Timmermans 6215:Europe's climate 5795:Saint Petersburg 5607: 5603: 5551:Atlantic Ocean. 5526: 5521: 5517: 5515:temperate steppe 5512: 5508: 5503: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5480: 5475: 5471: 5466: 5462: 5457: 5339:expanding the EU 5140:Yalta Conference 5074:Yalta Conference 5015:Baltic countries 4964:Munich Agreement 4962:. Following the 4929:Great Depression 4917:Turkish Republic 4909:Kingdom of Italy 4899:; in 1922, with 4877:Benito Mussolini 4773:Tsarist monarchy 4679:colonial empires 4677:Map of European 4661:Second World War 4653:Great Depression 4510:Eastern Question 4471:balance of power 4407:Seven Years' War 4262:Battle of Vienna 4093:artists such as 3996:Age of Discovery 3759:Byzantine Empire 3751:East-West Schism 3667:Late Middle Ages 3663:High Middle Ages 3627:Late Middle Ages 3623:High Middle Ages 3593:). To the east, 3587:Duchy of Croatia 3544: 3542: 3498:Treaty of Verdun 3371:Sasanid Persians 3352:Byzantine Empire 3257: 3255: 3250: 3248: 3235: 3221: 3183:Byzantine Empire 2960:; in drama with 2783:hunter-gatherers 2756:megalithic tombs 2697:Geissenklösterle 2599: 2574: 2564: 2442: 2439: 2228:Eastern Orthodox 2182:Northwest Africa 2165:Book of Jubilees 1912: 1904: 1893: 1882: 1868: 1860: 1849: 1837: 1828: 1820: 1809: 1798: 1787: 1775: 1766: 1757: 1749: 1737: 1729: 1720: 1711: 1702: 1693: 1686: 1679: 1672: 1663: 1654: 1647: 1640: 1631: 1624: 1617: 1610: 1603: 1596: 1589: 1582: 1575: 1568: 1561: 1552: 1545: 1538: 1531: 1524: 1517: 1510: 1503: 1496: 1489: 1482: 1475: 1466: 1459: 1451: 1442: 1435: 1428: 1421: 1414: 1407: 1400: 1393: 1384: 1377: 1370: 1363: 1356: 1347: 1339: 1329: 1322: 1315: 1308: 1301: 1294: 1287: 1280: 1275: 1265: 1255: 1242: 1214: 1208: 1198: 1190: 1188: 1187: 1181: 1172: 1170: 1169: 1163: 1157: 1155: 1154: 1148: 1142: 1136: 1135: 1130: 1124: 1123: 1118: 1117: 1112: 1102: 1089: 1080: 1071: 1062: 1049: 1028: 1006: 1000: 994: 993: 988: 983: 977: 976: 971: 965: 964: 951: 945: 824:, which allowed 727:Age of Discovery 696:Migration Period 668:European culture 650:European climate 642:world population 638:total population 603:Greater Caucasus 528: 520: 512: 496: 491: 459:Saint Petersburg 229: 228: 193: 138: 135: 128: 125: 116: 112: 104: 97: 93: 90: 84: 81:named references 73:(refs: 327, 330) 45: 44: 37: 21: 27604: 27603: 27599: 27598: 27597: 27595: 27594: 27593: 27574: 27573: 27572: 27567: 27566: 27561: 27535: 27477: 27454: 27421: 27385: 27314: 27303:South China Sea 27212: 27155:Central America 27107: 27040: 26961: 26913:Northern Mexico 26901:Northern Canada 26886:Atlantic Canada 26841:Mountain states 26767: 26622:European Russia 26615:Southern Russia 26571: 26524:Iranian Plateau 26352: 26341:West Antarctica 26324:East Antarctica 26310: 26210: 26158: 26134:Land Hemisphere 26115: 26055: 26042: 26012: 26007: 26006: 25968: 25953: 25948: 25934:Eastern Siberia 25924:Central America 25912: 25905: 25899: 25894:Terra Australis 25861: 25845: 25839: 25835:Pangaea Proxima 25818: 25813: 25807: 25746: 25742:microcontinents 25731: 25707: 25702: 25648:East Antarctica 25596: 25591: 25585: 25534: 25530:supercontinents 25526: 25502: 25497: 25492: 25482: 25477: 25467: 25462: 25452: 25447: 25419: 25414: 25409: 25399: 25394: 25384: 25379: 25369: 25364: 25354: 25349: 25339: 25334: 25324: 25319: 25295: 25286: 25256: 25251: 25217:UKUSA Agreement 25157:Lublin Triangle 25042:Baltic Assembly 24994: 24988: 24906: 24743: 24578: 24448:Eurolinguistics 24317: 24306:Information age 24279:Interwar period 24146: 24066: 24057: 24027: 24022: 23956: 23932: 23913: 23906: 23890: 23832: 23823: 23804: 23780: 23773: 23744: 23728: 23682:Northern Europe 23677: 23646: 23607: 23576: 23540: 23496: 23491: 23461: 23456: 23429: 23417:Oceanic islands 23397: 23390:subject to the 23357: 23352:Svalbard Treaty 23350:subject to the 23332: 23325:subject to the 23305: 23303: 23301: 23286: 23241: 23210: 23185: 23182: 23174: 23160:Northern Cyprus 23143: 23140: 23132: 23123: 23039:North Macedonia 22860: 22851: 22816: 22808: 22803: 22785: 22778: 22771: 22758: 22742:Life expectancy 22730:genetic history 22701: 22636:Classical music 22583: 22572:Bologna Process 22535:Ages of consent 22509: 22419:Budget revenues 22402: 22371: 22312: 22206: 22138: 22083: 21973: 21945: 21903:Early modernity 21857: 21848: 21818: 21814:from Wikivoyage 21808: 21803: 21801: 21791: 21786: 21784: 21774: 21769: 21767: 21757: 21752: 21750: 21747: 21743:sister projects 21740:at Knowledge's 21734: 21724: 21722: 21712: 21710: 21702: 21682:Historical Maps 21656: 21615: 21605: 21584: 21563: 21541: 21522: 21488: 21483: 21482: 21472: 21470: 21468:Merriam-Webster 21462: 21461: 21457: 21447: 21445: 21437: 21436: 21432: 21425:Wayback Machine 21413:Wayback Machine 21402:Wayback Machine 21389:Wayback Machine 21375:Wayback Machine 21362: 21358: 21348: 21346: 21332: 21328: 21317: 21315: 21306: 21300:Wayback Machine 21287:Wayback Machine 21274:Wayback Machine 21261:Wayback Machine 21243: 21241: 21240:on 23 July 2013 21234:"Member States" 21232: 21226:Wayback Machine 21213:Wayback Machine 21200:Wayback Machine 21187:Wayback Machine 21174:Wayback Machine 21156: 21154: 21145: 21134: 21132: 21123: 21119: 21115: 21108:Wayback Machine 21096:Wayback Machine 21085:Wayback Machine 21072:Wayback Machine 21058:Wayback Machine 21045: 21041: 21031: 21029: 21025: 21014: 21008: 21004: 20991: 20990: 20986: 20979: 20965: 20961: 20955:Wayback Machine 20942: 20938: 20928: 20926: 20913: 20912: 20908: 20898: 20896: 20883: 20882: 20878: 20868: 20866: 20862: 20851: 20847: 20846: 20839: 20829: 20827: 20817: 20813: 20803: 20801: 20791: 20787: 20752: 20748: 20738: 20734: 20724: 20722: 20712: 20705: 20695: 20693: 20676: 20669: 20659: 20657: 20647: 20643: 20633: 20619: 20615: 20608: 20594: 20590: 20583: 20569: 20565: 20557: 20550: 20546: 20545: 20541: 20531: 20529: 20516: 20515: 20511: 20505:Wayback Machine 20496: 20492: 20478: 20476: 20441: 20437: 20427: 20425: 20424:on 7 April 2016 20416: 20415: 20411: 20401:Wayback Machine 20391: 20387: 20358: 20354: 20344: 20342: 20323: 20319: 20309: 20307: 20303: 20296: 20292: 20291: 20287: 20277: 20275: 20259: 20255: 20245: 20243: 20237: 20236: 20229: 20219: 20217: 20208: 20207: 20203: 20193: 20191: 20181: 20167: 20166: 20162: 20156:Wayback Machine 20142: 20138: 20132:Wayback Machine 20123: 20119: 20109: 20107: 20098: 20097: 20093: 20080: 20079: 20075: 20063: 20057: 20056: 20052: 20039: 20038: 20034: 20021: 20020: 20016: 20006: 20004: 19999: 19998: 19994: 19988:Wayback Machine 19979: 19975: 19965:Wayback Machine 19956: 19952: 19942: 19940: 19931:Lauren Frayer. 19929: 19925: 19915: 19913: 19898: 19894: 19884: 19882: 19865: 19861: 19855:Wayback Machine 19846: 19842: 19829: 19828: 19824: 19814: 19812: 19799: 19798: 19794: 19784: 19782: 19775:"Marshall Plan" 19773: 19772: 19768: 19763:Wayback Machine 19753: 19749: 19740: 19736: 19727: 19723: 19716: 19702: 19698: 19689: 19685: 19675: 19673: 19662: 19658: 19647: 19643: 19634:Wayback Machine 19625: 19621: 19611: 19609: 19605: 19604: 19585: 19575: 19573: 19569: 19568: 19564: 19557: 19553: 19546: 19542: 19529: 19528: 19524: 19514:Wayback Machine 19504: 19500: 19490: 19488: 19475: 19474: 19470: 19460: 19458: 19445: 19444: 19440: 19434: 19430: 19420: 19418: 19409: 19408: 19404: 19394: 19392: 19385:"Bloomberg.com" 19381: 19377: 19367: 19365: 19360: 19359: 19355: 19348: 19344: 19336: 19332: 19293: 19289: 19279: 19277: 19262: 19258: 19248: 19246: 19237: 19236: 19232: 19222: 19220: 19219:on 24 June 2008 19216: 19209: 19205: 19204: 19200: 19190: 19188: 19179: 19178: 19174: 19164: 19162: 19153: 19152: 19148: 19138: 19136: 19121: 19120: 19109: 19099: 19097: 19087: 19083: 19078: 19074: 19064: 19062: 19054: 19053: 19049: 19039: 19037: 19028: 19027: 19023: 19013: 19011: 19001: 18997: 18992: 18988: 18943:Scientific Data 18931: 18927: 18922: 18918: 18908: 18906: 18893: 18892: 18885: 18879:Wayback Machine 18870: 18866: 18856: 18854: 18837: 18833: 18823: 18821: 18806: 18805: 18801: 18791: 18789: 18774: 18773: 18769: 18759: 18757: 18744: 18743: 18739: 18734: 18730: 18725: 18721: 18716: 18712: 18702: 18700: 18685: 18684: 18680: 18675: 18671: 18666: 18662: 18657: 18653: 18648: 18644: 18639: 18635: 18630: 18626: 18621: 18617: 18611:Wayback Machine 18602: 18598: 18593: 18589: 18584: 18580: 18575: 18571: 18566: 18562: 18523: 18519: 18506: 18502: 18492: 18490: 18475: 18471: 18461: 18459: 18448: 18447: 18443: 18433: 18431: 18418: 18417: 18413: 18402:Wayback Machine 18391: 18387: 18377:Wayback Machine 18367: 18363: 18355: 18351: 18343: 18339: 18331: 18327: 18319: 18315: 18307: 18303: 18293: 18291: 18280: 18276: 18269: 18255: 18251: 18246: 18242: 18232: 18230: 18217: 18216: 18212: 18204: 18200: 18193: 18177: 18170: 18160: 18158: 18154: 18143: 18139: 18138: 18134: 18124: 18122: 18118: 18107: 18103: 18102: 18098: 18088: 18086: 18082: 18075: 18071: 18070: 18066: 18056: 18054: 18050: 18037: 18033: 18032: 18028: 18018: 18016: 18003: 17999: 17992: 17970: 17966: 17956: 17954: 17947: 17931: 17927: 17921:Wayback Machine 17911: 17907: 17897: 17895: 17888: 17872: 17868: 17860: 17856: 17849: 17835: 17831: 17826: 17822: 17812: 17810: 17801: 17800: 17796: 17788: 17784: 17779: 17775: 17765: 17763: 17754: 17753: 17749: 17744:Wayback Machine 17734: 17730: 17720: 17718: 17714: 17701: 17695: 17691: 17681:Wayback Machine 17672: 17668: 17662:Wayback Machine 17652: 17648: 17638:Wayback Machine 17629: 17625: 17614: 17610: 17600:Wayback Machine 17591: 17587: 17580: 17566: 17562: 17555: 17537: 17533: 17523:Wayback Machine 17515: 17511: 17504: 17486: 17482: 17477: 17473: 17468: 17464: 17459: 17455: 17448: 17434: 17430: 17423: 17405: 17401: 17394: 17380: 17376: 17371: 17367: 17360: 17337: 17333: 17328: 17324: 17317: 17299: 17295: 17288: 17270: 17266: 17251:10.2307/2144276 17235: 17231: 17221: 17219: 17208: 17204: 17194: 17192: 17185: 17169: 17165: 17150:Wayback Machine 17139: 17135: 17125: 17123: 17116: 17100:Lukowski, Jerzy 17097: 17093: 17083: 17081: 17074: 17055: 17051: 17037:Wayback Machine 17026: 17022: 17012: 17010: 17001: 17000: 16996: 16991: 16987: 16982: 16978: 16972:Wayback Machine 16963: 16959: 16948: 16944: 16934: 16932: 16919: 16918: 16914: 16909: 16905: 16894: 16890: 16881: 16877: 16868: 16864: 16848: 16844: 16839: 16835: 16830: 16826: 16821: 16817: 16810: 16794: 16790: 16785: 16781: 16770: 16766: 16761: 16757: 16746: 16742: 16726: 16722: 16717: 16713: 16706: 16687: 16683: 16664: 16660: 16642:Wayback Machine 16631: 16624: 16614: 16612: 16597: 16593: 16583: 16581: 16572: 16571: 16567: 16562: 16558: 16548: 16546: 16533: 16532: 16528: 16522:Wayback Machine 16513: 16509: 16501: 16497: 16492:Wayback Machine 16478:Don O'Reilly. " 16477: 16473: 16452: 16448: 16442:Wayback Machine 16433: 16429: 16417: 16413: 16403: 16401: 16392: 16391: 16387: 16375:Wayback Machine 16365: 16361: 16351: 16349: 16340: 16339: 16335: 16325: 16323: 16316: 16300: 16296: 16282: 16280: 16269: 16268: 16264: 16251: 16249: 16247: 16229: 16225: 16220: 16216: 16202: 16200: 16193: 16177: 16173: 16160: 16158: 16151: 16135: 16131: 16117: 16115: 16108: 16092: 16088: 16074: 16072: 16065: 16057:. Salem Press. 16049: 16045: 16032: 16030: 16023: 16007: 16003: 15990: 15988: 15981: 15965: 15961: 15948: 15946: 15944: 15922: 15918: 15904: 15902: 15895: 15879: 15875: 15862: 15860: 15853: 15837: 15833: 15821: 15817: 15812: 15808: 15803: 15799: 15794: 15790: 15785: 15778: 15769: 15765: 15749: 15745: 15740: 15736: 15728: 15724: 15716: 15712: 15707: 15703: 15698: 15694: 15689: 15685: 15676: 15672: 15654: 15650: 15645: 15641: 15629: 15625: 15617: 15613: 15601: 15597: 15587: 15585: 15578: 15562: 15558: 15548: 15546: 15539: 15523: 15519: 15503: 15499: 15494: 15490: 15479: 15472: 15462: 15460: 15453: 15437: 15433: 15420: 15416: 15409: 15392: 15388: 15381: 15360: 15356: 15351: 15347: 15340: 15326: 15322: 15312: 15310: 15303: 15287: 15278: 15268: 15266: 15259: 15243: 15239: 15229: 15227: 15218: 15217: 15213: 15200: 15199: 15195: 15180: 15176: 15163: 15162: 15158: 15084: 15077: 15070: 15049: 15045: 15029: 15025: 15018: 15000:Fagan, Brian M. 14993: 14989: 14979: 14977: 14970: 14954: 14950: 14906: 14902: 14841: 14837: 14784: 14780: 14775: 14771: 14754: 14753: 14749: 14739: 14737: 14722: 14718: 14705:Wayback Machine 14696: 14692: 14655:(5578): 85–89. 14641: 14637: 14627: 14625: 14612: 14611: 14607: 14597: 14595: 14582: 14581: 14577: 14522: 14515: 14507: 14503: 14486: 14482: 14475: 14461: 14457: 14450: 14436: 14432: 14417: 14413: 14403: 14401: 14392: 14391: 14387: 14373: 14369: 14362:(1854); review 14352:Wayback Machine 14342: 14338: 14334:, vol. 3 (1773) 14329: 14325: 14312: 14311: 14307: 14297: 14295: 14288: 14272: 14268: 14257: 14253: 14243: 14241: 14237: 14230: 14224:J. G. A. Pocock 14221: 14217: 14212: 14208: 14201: 14187: 14183: 14171: 14167: 14157: 14155: 14148: 14122:J. G. A. Pocock 14119: 14112: 14100:Wayback Machine 14085: 14081: 14075:Wayback Machine 14053: 14049: 14040: 14036: 14029: 14015: 14011: 14003: 13999: 13995:Herodotus, 4:45 13994: 13990: 13973: 13969: 13959: 13957: 13948: 13947: 13943: 13927:Wayback Machine 13915: 13911: 13901: 13899: 13890: 13889: 13885: 13875: 13873: 13860: 13859: 13852: 13817:Foreign Affairs 13813: 13809: 13801: 13785: 13781: 13769:Wayback Machine 13760: 13756: 13746: 13744: 13740: 13701: 13695: 13688: 13678: 13676: 13663: 13662: 13658: 13648: 13646: 13633: 13629: 13619: 13617: 13610: 13594: 13590: 13580: 13578: 13571: 13555: 13548: 13538: 13536: 13527: 13526: 13522: 13513: 13512: 13508: 13498: 13496: 13492: 13485: 13481: 13480: 13476: 13466: 13464: 13451: 13450: 13443: 13438: 13431: 13418: 13416: 13409: 13393: 13389: 13381: 13377: 13369: 13353: 13352: 13348: 13338: 13336: 13328: 13327: 13323: 13313: 13311: 13302: 13301: 13297: 13287: 13285: 13281: 13277:. Demographia. 13274: 13270: 13269: 13265: 13255: 13253: 13249: 13242: 13236: 13219: 13209: 13207: 13194: 13193: 13189: 13179: 13177: 13168: 13167: 13163: 13153: 13151: 13142: 13141: 13137: 13127: 13125: 13116: 13115: 13111: 13101: 13099: 13091: 13087: 13086: 13077: 13067: 13065: 13056: 13055: 13046: 13036: 13034: 13021: 13020: 13016: 13011: 13006: 13003: 12997: 12994: 12985:or that of the 12968: 12965: 12955: 12952: 12927: 12924: 12911: 12908: 12891: 12888: 12860: 12857: 12840: 12837: 12827: 12824: 12811: 12808: 12774: 12771: 12766:and the region 12746: 12743: 12730: 12727: 12710: 12707: 12670: 12667: 12649: 12646: 12628: 12625: 12607: 12604: 12601:Northern Cyprus 12580: 12577: 12562:Channel Islands 12533: 12530: 12512: 12509: 12489: 12485: 12480: 12431:Flags of Europe 12390: 12385: 12383: 12380: 12368:precarious work 12355: 12350: 12349: 12343:Sport in Europe 12320: 12317:Sport in Europe 12312: 12268:Latin (Romance) 12217: 12207: 12201: 12196: 12195: 12194: 12193: 12192: 12187: 12179: 12178: 12173: 12165: 12164: 12159: 12151: 12150: 12145: 12136: 12135: 12064: 12058: 11867: 11866: 11865: 11864: 11860: 11858: 11854: 11852: 11844: 11842: 11834: 11832: 11824: 11822: 11814: 11812: 11804: 11788: 11782: 11688:Karachay-Balkar 11573:Scottish Gaelic 11501: 11484: 11478: 11371: 11363:Main articles: 11361: 11349: 11343: 11337: 11317:fertility rates 11274: 11260: 11254: 11121:Spanish miracle 11067: 11044: 11042: 11020: 11018: 10996: 10994: 10972: 10970: 10948: 10946: 10924: 10922: 10899: 10897: 10896: 10874: 10872: 10850: 10848: 10826: 10824: 10800: 10798: 10797: 10780: 10745: 10743: 10721: 10719: 10697: 10695: 10673: 10671: 10649: 10647: 10625: 10623: 10601: 10599: 10577: 10575: 10552: 10550: 10549: 10527: 10525: 10501: 10499: 10498: 10481: 10326: 10325: 10324: 10316: 10315: 10314: 10304: 10303: 10302: 10294: 10293: 10292: 10282: 10281: 10280: 10272: 10271: 10270: 10261: 10258: 10251: 10239:Main articles: 10237: 10204: 10169: 10129: 10089: 10049: 10009: 9969: 9928: 9888: 9875: 9872: 9861: 9854: 9751: 9714: 9682:Northern Cyprus 9672: 9635: 9598: 9580: 9574: 9567: 9472: 9460:United Kingdom 9432: 9381: 9337: 9280: 9235: 9190: 9145: 9100: 9050: 9006: 8955: 8910: 8865: 8820: 8764: 8723:North Macedonia 8713: 8668: 8618: 8574: 8530: 8485: 8453:Luxembourg City 8428: 8383: 8339: 8294: 8243: 8198: 8147: 8103: 8058: 8006: 7961: 7910: 7865: 7814: 7769: 7724: 7679: 7622: 7577: 7525: 7475: 7418: 7367: 7323: 7278: 7227: 7183: 7139: 7116: 7113: 7108: 7101: 7061: 7053:Main articles: 7051: 7016:Baltic Assembly 6955:Napoleonic Wars 6951: 6950: 6949: 6948: 6917: 6913: 6841: 6836: 6818: 6810:Main articles: 6808: 6794:Bern Convention 6606: 6604:Fauna of Europe 6600: 6433: 6374:Southern Europe 6368:to the rolling 6291: 6283:Main articles: 6281: 6276: 6275: 6240:extreme weather 6200: 6192: 5913:Isles of Scilly 5630: 5625: 5620: 5519: 5518: 5510: 5509: 5501: 5500: 5492: 5491: 5490: 5482: 5481: 5473: 5472: 5464: 5463: 5455: 5454: 5453: 5443: 5437: 5373: 5367: 5172:Berlin blockade 5097:Battle of Kursk 5035:attacked France 4980:Slovak Republic 4893:Weimar Republic 4804:Austria-Hungary 4761:First World War 4738:Austria-Hungary 4694:Gavrilo Princip 4671: 4657:Interwar period 4645: 4637:Main articles: 4635: 4526:Habsburg Empire 4447:Napoleonic rule 4439:Napoleonic Wars 4427:reign of terror 4392: 4378: 4372: 4320:Crimean Khanate 4039:classical Greek 3998: 3980: 3974: 3835:The sacking of 3669:until c. 1500. 3639: 3633: 3621:Main articles: 3619: 3545:. The powerful 3539: 3447:Umayyad dynasty 3429:regions in the 3261: 3260: 3259: 3258: 3253: 3252: 3246: 3245: 3238: 3237: 3236: 3227: 3226: 3225: 3222: 3211: 3201: 3193:Main articles: 3191: 3127:Marcus Aurelius 3111:proclaimed the 2878: 2868: 2862: 2744:Cardial culture 2673:Neanderthal man 2580: 2572: 2570: 2562: 2560: 2550: 2544: 2539: 2533: 2489:, and then the 2487:Mugodzhar Hills 2452:Volga–Don Canal 2440: 2436:was identified 2403:Peter the Great 2382:drainage divide 2344:Volga–Don Canal 2316:Turkish Straits 2281: 2271: 2098: 2093: 2087: 2005:British English 1971:– Asia to Sem ( 1917: 1916: 1915: 1910: 1906: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1866: 1862: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1835: 1831: 1826: 1822: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1773: 1769: 1764: 1760: 1755: 1751: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1735: 1731: 1725: 1722: 1716: 1713: 1707: 1704: 1698: 1695: 1691: 1688: 1684: 1681: 1677: 1674: 1668: 1665: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1652: 1649: 1645: 1642: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1629: 1626: 1622: 1619: 1615: 1612: 1608: 1605: 1601: 1598: 1594: 1591: 1587: 1584: 1580: 1577: 1573: 1570: 1566: 1563: 1557: 1554: 1550: 1547: 1543: 1540: 1536: 1533: 1529: 1526: 1522: 1519: 1515: 1512: 1508: 1505: 1501: 1498: 1494: 1491: 1487: 1484: 1480: 1477: 1471: 1468: 1464: 1461: 1457: 1454: 1450: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1437: 1433: 1430: 1426: 1423: 1419: 1416: 1412: 1409: 1405: 1402: 1398: 1395: 1389: 1386: 1382: 1379: 1375: 1372: 1368: 1365: 1361: 1358: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1345: 1342: 1337: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1324: 1320: 1317: 1313: 1310: 1306: 1303: 1299: 1296: 1292: 1289: 1285: 1282: 1278: 1269: 1261: 1251: 1247: 1238: 1233: 1227: 1221: 1182: 1164: 1149: 932:Greek mythology 901: 893: 762:Napoleonic Wars 644:) in 2021; the 611:Bosporus Strait 532: 494: 493: 489: 478: 395: 317: 293: 265: 187: 140: 139: 136: 129: 105: 94: 88: 85: 78: 77: 74: 67: 60: 46: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 27602: 27592: 27591: 27586: 27569: 27568: 27563: 27562: 27560: 27559: 27557:Physical Earth 27540: 27537: 27536: 27534: 27533: 27528: 27523: 27518: 27513: 27508: 27503: 27498: 27493: 27487: 27485: 27479: 27478: 27476: 27475: 27470: 27464: 27462: 27456: 27455: 27453: 27452: 27447: 27442: 27437: 27431: 27429: 27423: 27422: 27420: 27419: 27414: 27409: 27408: 27407: 27396: 27394: 27387: 27386: 27384: 27383: 27378: 27377: 27376: 27371: 27369:Mariana Trench 27366: 27356: 27351: 27349:Atlantic Ocean 27346: 27341: 27340: 27339: 27328: 27326: 27320: 27319: 27316: 27315: 27313: 27312: 27310:Southern Ocean 27307: 27306: 27305: 27300: 27298:East China Sea 27290: 27289: 27288: 27278: 27277: 27276: 27275: 27274: 27269: 27264: 27254: 27249: 27244: 27239: 27232:Atlantic Ocean 27229: 27223: 27221: 27214: 27213: 27211: 27210: 27209: 27208: 27203: 27193: 27192: 27191: 27186: 27176: 27171: 27166: 27165: 27164: 27159: 27158: 27157: 27152: 27137: 27131: 27129: 27119: 27113: 27112: 27109: 27108: 27106: 27105: 27104: 27103: 27093: 27088: 27083: 27078: 27073: 27068: 27067: 27066: 27061: 27050: 27048: 27042: 27041: 27039: 27038: 27036:Remote Oceania 27033: 27028: 27023: 27018: 27017: 27016: 27006: 27005: 27004: 26999: 26998: 26997: 26992: 26987: 26971: 26969: 26963: 26962: 26960: 26959: 26954: 26953: 26952: 26951: 26950: 26945: 26930: 26925: 26920: 26915: 26910: 26909: 26908: 26906:Western Canada 26903: 26898: 26896:Eastern Canada 26893: 26888: 26883: 26878: 26873: 26868: 26863: 26858: 26853: 26848: 26843: 26838: 26833: 26828: 26823: 26818: 26813: 26803: 26798: 26793: 26788: 26783: 26777: 26775: 26769: 26768: 26766: 26765: 26760: 26755: 26750: 26745: 26744: 26743: 26738: 26733: 26723: 26722: 26721: 26720: 26719: 26709: 26708: 26707: 26697: 26696: 26695: 26685: 26680: 26670: 26669: 26668: 26667: 26666: 26656: 26651: 26646: 26641: 26631: 26630: 26629: 26624: 26619: 26618: 26617: 26612: 26610:South Caucasus 26607: 26605:North Caucasus 26597: 26587: 26581: 26579: 26573: 26572: 26570: 26569: 26568: 26567: 26566: 26565: 26560: 26555: 26545: 26544: 26543: 26538: 26528: 26527: 26526: 26516: 26515: 26514: 26512:South Caucasus 26504: 26494: 26493: 26492: 26487: 26482: 26472: 26471: 26470: 26465: 26455: 26450: 26449: 26448: 26443: 26433: 26432: 26431: 26430: 26429: 26414: 26413: 26412: 26407: 26406: 26405: 26390: 26389: 26388: 26383: 26381:Aralkum Desert 26378: 26368: 26362: 26360: 26354: 26353: 26351: 26350: 26349: 26348: 26338: 26333: 26332: 26331: 26320: 26318: 26312: 26311: 26309: 26308: 26307: 26306: 26301: 26296: 26295: 26294: 26289: 26279: 26269: 26268: 26267: 26266: 26265: 26260: 26255: 26250: 26235: 26229: 26227: 26218: 26212: 26211: 26209: 26208: 26207: 26206: 26196: 26191: 26186: 26181: 26180: 26179: 26172:Africa-Eurasia 26168: 26166: 26160: 26159: 26157: 26156: 26151: 26146: 26141: 26136: 26131: 26125: 26123: 26117: 26116: 26114: 26113: 26112: 26111: 26106: 26101: 26096: 26086: 26081: 26076: 26071: 26065: 26063: 26057: 26056: 26041: 26040: 26033: 26026: 26018: 26009: 26008: 26005: 26004: 25999: 25989: 25984: 25979: 25963: 25962: 25959: 25958: 25955: 25954: 25950: 25949: 25947: 25946: 25941: 25936: 25931: 25929:Eastern Africa 25926: 25921: 25916: 25902: 25900: 25898: 25897: 25890: 25885: 25880: 25875: 25870: 25865: 25842: 25840: 25838: 25837: 25832: 25827: 25822: 25810: 25808: 25806: 25805: 25800: 25795: 25790: 25785: 25780: 25775: 25770: 25765: 25760: 25755: 25750: 25728: 25726: 25720: 25713: 25712: 25709: 25708: 25704: 25703: 25701: 25700: 25695: 25690: 25685: 25680: 25675: 25670: 25665: 25660: 25655: 25650: 25645: 25640: 25635: 25630: 25625: 25620: 25615: 25610: 25605: 25600: 25588: 25586: 25584: 25583: 25578: 25573: 25568: 25563: 25558: 25553: 25548: 25543: 25538: 25523: 25521: 25515: 25508: 25507: 25504: 25503: 25499: 25498: 25485: 25483: 25470: 25468: 25455: 25453: 25440: 25438: 25432: 25425: 25424: 25421: 25420: 25416: 25415: 25402: 25400: 25387: 25385: 25372: 25370: 25357: 25355: 25342: 25340: 25327: 25325: 25312: 25310: 25304: 25297: 25296: 25285: 25284: 25277: 25270: 25262: 25253: 25252: 25250: 25249: 25247:Westernization 25244: 25239: 25234: 25229: 25227:Visegrád Group 25224: 25219: 25214: 25209: 25204: 25199: 25194: 25189: 25184: 25179: 25174: 25169: 25167:Nordic Council 25164: 25159: 25154: 25149: 25144: 25139: 25134: 25129: 25124: 25119: 25114: 25109: 25104: 25099: 25094: 25089: 25084: 25079: 25074: 25069: 25064: 25062:Bucharest Nine 25059: 25054: 25049: 25044: 25039: 25034: 25029: 25027:Arctic Council 25024: 25019: 25014: 25009: 25004: 24998: 24996: 24990: 24989: 24987: 24986: 24981: 24976: 24975: 24974: 24969: 24964: 24959: 24954: 24949: 24939: 24934: 24933: 24932: 24922: 24916: 24914: 24908: 24907: 24905: 24904: 24899: 24894: 24893: 24892: 24887: 24882: 24877: 24872: 24871: 24870: 24865: 24860: 24855: 24845: 24840: 24835: 24825: 24824: 24823: 24822: 24821: 24811: 24810: 24809: 24804: 24803: 24802: 24792: 24791: 24790: 24780: 24779: 24778: 24753: 24751: 24745: 24744: 24742: 24741: 24740: 24739: 24729: 24724: 24719: 24718: 24717: 24705: 24704: 24703: 24693: 24688: 24683: 24678: 24673: 24668: 24663: 24662: 24661: 24656: 24646: 24645: 24644: 24637:Existentialism 24634: 24629: 24624: 24619: 24614: 24609: 24604: 24599: 24594: 24588: 24586: 24580: 24579: 24577: 24576: 24575: 24574: 24569: 24564: 24559: 24549: 24548: 24547: 24537: 24536: 24535: 24530: 24520: 24519: 24518: 24508: 24503: 24502: 24501: 24496: 24491: 24481: 24480: 24479: 24469: 24468: 24467: 24457: 24456: 24455: 24450: 24440: 24435: 24430: 24425: 24424: 24423: 24413: 24408: 24407: 24406: 24396: 24395: 24394: 24384: 24383: 24382: 24372: 24367: 24366: 24365: 24355: 24350: 24349: 24348: 24343: 24338: 24327: 24325: 24319: 24318: 24316: 24315: 24314: 24313: 24308: 24298: 24297: 24296: 24291: 24286: 24281: 24276: 24271: 24266: 24261: 24256: 24251: 24246: 24241: 24236: 24231: 24226: 24221: 24216: 24211: 24201: 24196: 24195: 24194: 24189: 24184: 24174: 24173: 24172: 24170:Late antiquity 24162: 24156: 24154: 24148: 24147: 24145: 24144: 24139: 24134: 24129: 24124: 24123: 24122: 24121: 24120: 24115: 24105: 24100: 24095: 24085: 24080: 24074: 24072: 24068: 24067: 24056: 24055: 24048: 24041: 24033: 24024: 24023: 24021: 24020: 24015: 24010: 24005: 24000: 23995: 23990: 23985: 23980: 23975: 23970: 23964: 23962: 23958: 23957: 23955: 23954: 23949: 23944: 23939: 23938: 23937: 23925: 23920: 23919: 23918: 23911: 23898: 23896: 23895:Western Europe 23892: 23891: 23889: 23888: 23887: 23886: 23881: 23876: 23871: 23866: 23856: 23851: 23846: 23840: 23838: 23834: 23833: 23831: 23830: 23829: 23828: 23816: 23811: 23810: 23809: 23797: 23792: 23787: 23786: 23785: 23778: 23775:Greek Cypriots 23766: 23761: 23756: 23751: 23750: 23749: 23736: 23734: 23730: 23729: 23727: 23726: 23721: 23716: 23711: 23706: 23701: 23696: 23691: 23685: 23683: 23679: 23678: 23676: 23675: 23670: 23665: 23663:Crimean Tatars 23660: 23654: 23652: 23651:Eastern Europe 23648: 23647: 23645: 23644: 23639: 23634: 23629: 23624: 23619: 23614: 23613: 23612: 23600: 23595: 23590: 23584: 23582: 23581:Central Europe 23578: 23577: 23575: 23574: 23569: 23564: 23559: 23554: 23548: 23546: 23542: 23541: 23539: 23538: 23533: 23528: 23523: 23518: 23513: 23507: 23505: 23498: 23497: 23490: 23489: 23482: 23475: 23467: 23458: 23457: 23455: 23454: 23442: 23428: 23427: 23420: 23414: 23411: 23407: 23406: 23403: 23402: 23399: 23398: 23396: 23395: 23381: 23376: 23371: 23365: 23363: 23362:United Kingdom 23359: 23358: 23356: 23355: 23340: 23338: 23334: 23333: 23331: 23330: 23315: 23313: 23306: 23299: 23296: 23295: 23292: 23291: 23288: 23287: 23285: 23284: 23279: 23274: 23273: 23272: 23267: 23262: 23251: 23249: 23243: 23242: 23240: 23239: 23229: 23222: 23216: 23215:United Kingdom 23212: 23211: 23209: 23208: 23207: 23206: 23195: 23193: 23186: 23179: 23176: 23175: 23173: 23172: 23167: 23162: 23157: 23152: 23146: 23144: 23137: 23134: 23133: 23126: 23124: 23122: 23121: 23116: 23114:United Kingdom 23111: 23106: 23101: 23096: 23091: 23086: 23081: 23076: 23071: 23066: 23061: 23056: 23051: 23046: 23041: 23036: 23031: 23026: 23021: 23016: 23011: 23006: 23001: 22996: 22991: 22986: 22981: 22976: 22971: 22966: 22961: 22956: 22951: 22946: 22941: 22936: 22931: 22929:Czech Republic 22926: 22921: 22916: 22911: 22906: 22901: 22896: 22891: 22886: 22881: 22876: 22870: 22868: 22862: 22861: 22850: 22849: 22842: 22835: 22827: 22821: 22818: 22817: 22805: 22804: 22802: 22801: 22796: 22791: 22784: 22783: 22776: 22768: 22767: 22764: 22763: 22760: 22759: 22757: 22756: 22751: 22750: 22749: 22739: 22734: 22733: 22732: 22722: 22717: 22711: 22709: 22703: 22702: 22700: 22699: 22685: 22680: 22679: 22678: 22673: 22668: 22658: 22653: 22648: 22643: 22638: 22633: 22632: 22631: 22629:film festivals 22621: 22616: 22611: 22610: 22609: 22604: 22593: 22591: 22585: 22584: 22582: 22581: 22580: 22579: 22574: 22564: 22559: 22558: 22557: 22547: 22542: 22537: 22531: 22525: 22519: 22518: 22515: 22514: 22511: 22510: 22508: 22507: 22502: 22497: 22492: 22487: 22482: 22477: 22472: 22467: 22462: 22457: 22452: 22451: 22450: 22440: 22439: 22438: 22428: 22427: 22426: 22416: 22410: 22408: 22404: 22403: 22401: 22400: 22395: 22390: 22385: 22379: 22377: 22373: 22372: 22370: 22369: 22364: 22359: 22354: 22349: 22344: 22338: 22328: 22322: 22321: 22318: 22317: 22314: 22313: 22311: 22310: 22305: 22304: 22303: 22293: 22288: 22287: 22286: 22276: 22271: 22266: 22261: 22260: 22259: 22254: 22244: 22239: 22234: 22233: 22232: 22227: 22216: 22214: 22212:European Union 22208: 22207: 22205: 22204: 22199: 22198: 22197: 22187: 22182: 22177: 22172: 22167: 22162: 22157: 22152: 22146: 22144: 22140: 22139: 22137: 22136: 22131: 22126: 22121: 22116: 22111: 22105: 22095: 22089: 22088: 22085: 22084: 22082: 22081: 22076: 22075: 22074: 22064: 22059: 22054: 22049: 22044: 22039: 22034: 22032:Extreme points 22029: 22027:Climate change 22024: 22019: 22014: 22009: 22008: 22007: 21997: 21991: 21985: 21979: 21978: 21975: 21974: 21972: 21971: 21970: 21969: 21959: 21953: 21951: 21947: 21946: 21944: 21943: 21938: 21925: 21920: 21915: 21910: 21905: 21900: 21895: 21893:Late antiquity 21890: 21885: 21880: 21874: 21872: 21865: 21859: 21858: 21847: 21846: 21839: 21832: 21824: 21817: 21816: 21799: 21797:from Wikiquote 21782: 21765: 21736: 21733: 21732: 21720: 21700: 21699: 21694: 21679: 21678: 21670: 21659:"Europe" 21654: 21645: 21636: 21625: 21614: 21613:External links 21611: 21610: 21609: 21603: 21588: 21582: 21567: 21561: 21545: 21539: 21526: 21520: 21507: 21487: 21484: 21481: 21480: 21455: 21430: 21356: 21326: 21304:the World Bank 21113: 21039: 21002: 20984: 20977: 20959: 20944:Hilaire Belloc 20936: 20906: 20876: 20856:United Nations 20837: 20811: 20785: 20746: 20732: 20703: 20667: 20641: 20631: 20613: 20606: 20588: 20582:978-0521676519 20581: 20563: 20539: 20509: 20490: 20435: 20409: 20385: 20352: 20341:on 17 May 2008 20317: 20306:on 6 July 2011 20285: 20253: 20227: 20216:on 9 June 2008 20201: 20179: 20160: 20136: 20117: 20106:on 19 May 2008 20091: 20073: 20068:United Nations 20050: 20032: 20014: 19992: 19973: 19950: 19923: 19892: 19874:Spiegel Online 19859: 19840: 19822: 19792: 19766: 19747: 19734: 19721: 19714: 19696: 19683: 19656: 19641: 19619: 19583: 19562: 19551: 19540: 19522: 19498: 19468: 19457:on 4 June 2011 19438: 19428: 19417:on 20 May 2011 19402: 19375: 19353: 19342: 19330: 19303:(4): 390–398. 19287: 19256: 19230: 19198: 19172: 19146: 19107: 19081: 19072: 19047: 19036:. 14 June 2023 19034:public.wmo.int 19021: 18995: 18986: 18925: 18916: 18883: 18864: 18831: 18813:British Future 18799: 18767: 18737: 18728: 18719: 18710: 18678: 18669: 18660: 18651: 18642: 18633: 18624: 18615: 18596: 18587: 18578: 18569: 18560: 18533:(2): 151–178. 18517: 18515:. 9 July 1979. 18500: 18469: 18441: 18426:. 9 May 2005. 18411: 18385: 18361: 18349: 18337: 18325: 18313: 18301: 18274: 18267: 18249: 18240: 18210: 18198: 18191: 18168: 18148:New York Times 18132: 18112:New York Times 18096: 18064: 18026: 17997: 17990: 17964: 17945: 17925: 17905: 17886: 17866: 17854: 17848:978-0300204896 17847: 17829: 17820: 17809:on 12 May 2008 17794: 17782: 17773: 17747: 17728: 17689: 17685:Migration News 17666: 17646: 17623: 17608: 17585: 17578: 17560: 17553: 17531: 17529:, Historyworld 17509: 17502: 17480: 17471: 17462: 17453: 17446: 17428: 17421: 17399: 17392: 17374: 17365: 17358: 17331: 17322: 17315: 17293: 17286: 17274:Wokler, Robert 17272:Goldie, Mark; 17264: 17229: 17202: 17183: 17163: 17133: 17115:978-1317886945 17114: 17091: 17073:978-0521544023 17072: 17049: 17020: 16994: 16985: 16976: 16957: 16942: 16912: 16903: 16900:. p. 221. 16896:Kamen, Henry. 16888: 16875: 16862: 16842: 16833: 16824: 16815: 16808: 16788: 16779: 16764: 16755: 16740: 16720: 16711: 16704: 16681: 16666:Weiss, Roberto 16658: 16622: 16591: 16565: 16556: 16526: 16507: 16495: 16471: 16446: 16427: 16411: 16400:on 7 June 2008 16385: 16359: 16333: 16314: 16294: 16262: 16245: 16223: 16214: 16191: 16171: 16149: 16129: 16106: 16086: 16063: 16043: 16021: 16001: 15979: 15959: 15942: 15916: 15893: 15873: 15851: 15831: 15829:, p. 124. 15815: 15806: 15797: 15788: 15776: 15770:G. Benvenuti, 15763: 15743: 15734: 15722: 15720:, p. 250. 15710: 15701: 15692: 15683: 15670: 15648: 15639: 15623: 15611: 15609:, p. 124. 15595: 15576: 15556: 15537: 15517: 15497: 15488: 15470: 15451: 15431: 15414: 15407: 15386: 15379: 15354: 15345: 15338: 15320: 15301: 15276: 15257: 15237: 15211: 15193: 15174: 15171:. 1 July 2020. 15156: 15075: 15068: 15043: 15023: 15016: 14987: 14968: 14948: 14921:(2): 286–299. 14907:42.7–41.5 ka ( 14900: 14835: 14798:(7916): 1035. 14778: 14769: 14747: 14716: 14690: 14635: 14605: 14575: 14513: 14501: 14480: 14473: 14455: 14448: 14430: 14411: 14396:(in Russian). 14385: 14367: 14336: 14323: 14305: 14286: 14266: 14251: 14215: 14206: 14199: 14181: 14165: 14147:978-0511496813 14146: 14110: 14079: 14047: 14034: 14027: 14009: 14006:Geography 11.1 13997: 13988: 13967: 13941: 13909: 13883: 13850: 13823:(4): 665–675. 13807: 13799: 13779: 13754: 13686: 13656: 13627: 13608: 13588: 13569: 13546: 13520: 13506: 13474: 13441: 13429: 13407: 13387: 13375: 13367: 13346: 13321: 13295: 13263: 13217: 13206:on 9 July 2012 13187: 13161: 13135: 13109: 13075: 13044: 13013: 13012: 13010: 13007: 13005: 13004: 13001: 12995: 12972: 12966: 12959: 12953: 12934: 12925: 12915: 12909: 12895: 12889: 12885:not recognised 12867: 12858: 12844: 12838: 12834: 12825: 12815: 12809: 12803:independence. 12778: 12772: 12750: 12744: 12734: 12728: 12720:Ural Mountains 12714: 12708: 12674: 12668: 12653: 12647: 12632: 12626: 12611: 12605: 12587: 12578: 12558:United Kingdom 12540: 12531: 12516: 12510: 12496: 12486: 12484: 12481: 12479: 12478: 12473: 12468: 12463: 12458: 12453: 12448: 12443: 12438: 12433: 12428: 12423: 12418: 12413: 12411:European Games 12408: 12403: 12397: 12396: 12395: 12379: 12376: 12354: 12351: 12321: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12233:ancient Greece 12203:Main article: 12200: 12197: 12188: 12181: 12180: 12174: 12167: 12166: 12160: 12153: 12152: 12146: 12139: 12138: 12137: 12130: 12129: 12128: 12127: 12057: 12054: 12012:United Kingdom 11919:Evangelicalism 11911:Pentecostalism 11899:Reformed faith 11859: 11853: 11843: 11833: 11823: 11813: 11803: 11797:survey by the 11791: 11790: 11789: 11784:Main article: 11781: 11778: 11480:Main article: 11477: 11474: 11426:Latin American 11360: 11357: 11339:Main article: 11336: 11333: 11309:United Nations 11256:Main article: 11253: 11250: 11160: 11159: 11085: 11084: 11072: 11071: 11066: 11063: 11060: 11059: 11056: 11053: 11040: 11036: 11035: 11032: 11029: 11016: 11012: 11011: 11008: 11005: 10992: 10988: 10987: 10984: 10981: 10968: 10964: 10963: 10960: 10957: 10944: 10940: 10939: 10936: 10933: 10920: 10916: 10915: 10912: 10909: 10906:United Kingdom 10894: 10890: 10889: 10886: 10883: 10870: 10866: 10865: 10862: 10859: 10846: 10842: 10841: 10838: 10835: 10822: 10818: 10817: 10814: 10811: 10807:European Union 10794: 10791: 10790: 10787: 10772: 10769: 10761: 10760: 10757: 10754: 10741: 10737: 10736: 10733: 10730: 10717: 10713: 10712: 10709: 10706: 10693: 10689: 10688: 10685: 10682: 10669: 10665: 10664: 10661: 10658: 10645: 10641: 10640: 10637: 10634: 10621: 10617: 10616: 10613: 10610: 10597: 10593: 10592: 10589: 10586: 10573: 10569: 10568: 10565: 10562: 10559:United Kingdom 10547: 10543: 10542: 10539: 10536: 10523: 10519: 10518: 10515: 10512: 10508:European Union 10495: 10492: 10491: 10488: 10473: 10470: 10388:Central Europe 10367: 10366: 10363: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10356: 10354: 10351: 10350: 10348: 10345: 10344: 10342: 10339: 10338: 10336: 10333: 10332: 10322: 10311: 10310: 10300: 10289: 10288: 10278: 10257: 10236: 10233: 10230: 10229: 10227: 10225: 10222: 10219: 10216: 10211: 10202: 10199: 10198: 10193: 10190: 10187: 10184: 10181: 10176: 10167: 10159: 10158: 10153: 10150: 10147: 10144: 10141: 10136: 10127: 10119: 10118: 10113: 10110: 10107: 10104: 10101: 10096: 10087: 10079: 10078: 10073: 10070: 10067: 10064: 10061: 10056: 10047: 10039: 10038: 10033: 10030: 10027: 10024: 10021: 10016: 10007: 9999: 9998: 9996:St. Peter Port 9993: 9990: 9987: 9984: 9981: 9976: 9967: 9959: 9958: 9953: 9950: 9947: 9944: 9941: 9935: 9926: 9918: 9917: 9912: 9909: 9906: 9903: 9900: 9895: 9886: 9883: 9882: 9877: 9868: 9863: 9856: 9851: 9848: 9843: 9833: 9832: 9829: 9816:Canary Islands 9778: 9777: 9772: 9769: 9766: 9763: 9758: 9749: 9741: 9740: 9735: 9732: 9729: 9726: 9721: 9712: 9704: 9703: 9693: 9690: 9687: 9684: 9679: 9670: 9662: 9661: 9656: 9653: 9650: 9647: 9642: 9633: 9625: 9624: 9619: 9616: 9613: 9610: 9605: 9596: 9588: 9587: 9582: 9575: 9569: 9562: 9559: 9554: 9533: 9532: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9522: 9519: 9516: 9512: 9511: 9498: 9493: 9490: 9487: 9484: 9479: 9470: 9462: 9461: 9458: 9453: 9450: 9447: 9444: 9442:United Kingdom 9439: 9430: 9422: 9421: 9407: 9402: 9399: 9396: 9393: 9388: 9379: 9371: 9370: 9363: 9358: 9355: 9352: 9349: 9344: 9335: 9332: 9331: 9306: 9301: 9298: 9295: 9292: 9287: 9278: 9270: 9269: 9262: 9257: 9254: 9251: 9248: 9242: 9233: 9225: 9224: 9217: 9212: 9209: 9206: 9203: 9197: 9188: 9180: 9179: 9172: 9167: 9164: 9161: 9158: 9152: 9143: 9135: 9134: 9127: 9122: 9119: 9116: 9113: 9107: 9098: 9090: 9089: 9076: 9071: 9068: 9065: 9062: 9057: 9048: 9040: 9039: 9032: 9027: 9024: 9021: 9018: 9013: 9004: 8996: 8995: 8981: 8976: 8973: 8970: 8967: 8962: 8953: 8945: 8944: 8937: 8932: 8929: 8926: 8923: 8917: 8908: 8900: 8899: 8892: 8887: 8884: 8881: 8878: 8872: 8863: 8855: 8854: 8847: 8842: 8839: 8836: 8833: 8827: 8818: 8810: 8809: 8790: 8785: 8782: 8779: 8776: 8771: 8762: 8754: 8753: 8739: 8734: 8731: 8728: 8725: 8720: 8711: 8703: 8702: 8695: 8690: 8687: 8684: 8681: 8675: 8666: 8658: 8657: 8644: 8639: 8636: 8633: 8630: 8625: 8616: 8608: 8607: 8600: 8595: 8592: 8589: 8586: 8581: 8572: 8564: 8563: 8556: 8551: 8548: 8545: 8542: 8537: 8528: 8520: 8519: 8512: 8507: 8504: 8501: 8498: 8492: 8483: 8475: 8474: 8455: 8450: 8447: 8444: 8441: 8435: 8426: 8418: 8417: 8410: 8405: 8402: 8399: 8396: 8390: 8381: 8373: 8372: 8365: 8360: 8357: 8354: 8351: 8346: 8337: 8329: 8328: 8321: 8316: 8313: 8310: 8307: 8301: 8292: 8284: 8283: 8269: 8264: 8261: 8258: 8255: 8250: 8241: 8233: 8232: 8225: 8220: 8217: 8214: 8211: 8205: 8196: 8188: 8187: 8174: 8169: 8166: 8163: 8160: 8154: 8145: 8137: 8136: 8129: 8124: 8121: 8118: 8115: 8110: 8101: 8093: 8092: 8085: 8080: 8077: 8074: 8071: 8065: 8056: 8048: 8047: 8033: 8028: 8025: 8022: 8019: 8013: 8004: 7996: 7995: 7988: 7983: 7980: 7977: 7974: 7968: 7959: 7951: 7950: 7936: 7931: 7928: 7925: 7922: 7917: 7908: 7900: 7899: 7892: 7887: 7884: 7881: 7878: 7872: 7863: 7855: 7854: 7841: 7836: 7833: 7830: 7827: 7821: 7812: 7804: 7803: 7796: 7791: 7788: 7785: 7782: 7776: 7767: 7759: 7758: 7751: 7746: 7743: 7740: 7737: 7731: 7722: 7714: 7713: 7706: 7701: 7698: 7695: 7692: 7689:Czech Republic 7686: 7677: 7669: 7668: 7649: 7644: 7641: 7638: 7635: 7629: 7620: 7612: 7611: 7604: 7599: 7596: 7593: 7590: 7584: 7575: 7567: 7566: 7552: 7547: 7544: 7541: 7538: 7532: 7523: 7515: 7514: 7501: 7496: 7493: 7490: 7487: 7482: 7473: 7465: 7464: 7445: 7440: 7437: 7434: 7431: 7425: 7416: 7408: 7407: 7393: 7388: 7385: 7382: 7379: 7374: 7365: 7357: 7356: 7349: 7344: 7341: 7338: 7335: 7330: 7321: 7313: 7312: 7305: 7300: 7297: 7294: 7291: 7285: 7276: 7268: 7267: 7253: 7248: 7245: 7242: 7239: 7234: 7225: 7217: 7216: 7209: 7204: 7201: 7198: 7195: 7190: 7181: 7173: 7172: 7165: 7160: 7157: 7154: 7151: 7146: 7137: 7129: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7109: 7103: 7096: 7093: 7088: 7078: 7077: 7074: 7050: 7047: 7020:Visegrád Group 7008:Nordic Council 6989:European Union 6971:constitutional 6947: 6946: 6939: 6932: 6924: 6918: 6839: 6838: 6837: 6807: 6804: 6692:European bison 6681:Western Europe 6639:period. Today 6633:woolly mammoth 6625:European fauna 6602:Main article: 6599: 6596: 6449:national parks 6432: 6429: 6422:microcontinent 6378:Ural Mountains 6323:supercontinent 6280: 6277: 6252:European Union 6235:Climate change 6211:Climate change 6201: 6193: 6191: 6190:Climate change 6188: 6181: 6180: 6177: 6174: 6171: 6168: 6165: 6159: 6158: 6155: 6152: 6149: 6146: 6143: 6137: 6136: 6133: 6130: 6127: 6124: 6121: 6115: 6114: 6111: 6108: 6105: 6102: 6099: 6093: 6092: 6089: 6088: 6085: 6082: 6079: 6076: 6073: 6067: 6066: 6063: 6060: 6057: 6054: 6051: 6045: 6044: 6041: 6038: 6035: 6032: 6029: 6023: 6022: 6019: 6016: 6013: 6010: 6007: 6001: 6000: 5997: 5996: 5993: 5990: 5987: 5984: 5981: 5975: 5974: 5971: 5968: 5965: 5962: 5959: 5953: 5952: 5949: 5946: 5943: 5940: 5937: 5931: 5930: 5927: 5924: 5921: 5918: 5915: 5909: 5908: 5905: 5904: 5901: 5898: 5895: 5892: 5889: 5883: 5882: 5879: 5876: 5873: 5870: 5867: 5861: 5860: 5857: 5854: 5851: 5848: 5845: 5839: 5838: 5835: 5832: 5829: 5826: 5823: 5817: 5816: 5813: 5812: 5809: 5806: 5803: 5800: 5797: 5791: 5790: 5787: 5784: 5781: 5778: 5775: 5769: 5768: 5765: 5762: 5759: 5756: 5753: 5747: 5746: 5743: 5740: 5737: 5734: 5731: 5725: 5724: 5721: 5720: 5717: 5714: 5711: 5708: 5705: 5699: 5698: 5695: 5692: 5689: 5686: 5683: 5677: 5676: 5673: 5670: 5667: 5664: 5661: 5655: 5654: 5651: 5648: 5645: 5642: 5639: 5633: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5614: 5611: 5600:map for Europe 5548:Atlantic Ocean 5544:Gulf of Mexico 5487:montane forest 5439:Main article: 5436: 5433: 5431:cut them off. 5369:Main article: 5366: 5363: 5319:European Union 5299:Treaty of Rome 5205:Flag of Europe 5195:decolonisation 5166:, whereby the 5109:D-Day landings 5055:British Empire 5003:invaded Poland 4972:Czechoslovakia 4750:Ottoman Empire 4734:Central Powers 4718:United Kingdom 4698:Entente Powers 4634: 4631: 4564:ensued at the 4522:Russian Empire 4455:administration 4423:First Republic 4376:Modern history 4374:Main article: 4371: 4368: 4336:Kazakh Khanate 4328:capture slaves 4277:Union of Krewo 4225:Exsurge Domine 4202:Duchy of Milan 4167:Spanish armada 4147:Pacific Oceans 4110:Western Schism 3976:Main article: 3973: 3970: 3915:was the first 3861:Cuman-Kipchaks 3826:Ottoman Empire 3811:Fourth Crusade 3618: 3615: 3611:Volga Bulgaria 3455:Charles Martel 3425:) and largely 3240: 3239: 3230: 3229: 3228: 3223: 3216: 3215: 3214: 3213: 3212: 3195:Late Antiquity 3190: 3187: 3167:Constantinople 3123:Antoninus Pius 3105:Roman Republic 2872:Ancient Greece 2864:Main article: 2861: 2858: 2846:Iron Age Italy 2844:cities. Early 2802:Steppe herders 2699:(Germany) and 2613:United Kingdom 2571: 2561: 2546:Main article: 2543: 2540: 2535:Main article: 2532: 2529: 2496:Flora Europaea 2394:Ural Mountains 2390:Ural Mountains 2340:Kalach-na-Donu 2270: 2267: 2224:Western Church 2097: 2094: 2086: 2083: 1965:Günther Zainer 1922:Ural Mountains 1907: 1896: 1885: 1872: 1863: 1852: 1841: 1832: 1823: 1812: 1801: 1790: 1779: 1770: 1761: 1752: 1741: 1732: 1723: 1714: 1705: 1700:Greenland (Dk) 1696: 1689: 1682: 1675: 1666: 1657: 1650: 1643: 1634: 1627: 1620: 1613: 1606: 1599: 1592: 1585: 1578: 1571: 1564: 1559:Svalbard (Nor) 1555: 1548: 1541: 1534: 1527: 1520: 1513: 1506: 1499: 1492: 1485: 1478: 1469: 1462: 1455: 1445: 1438: 1431: 1424: 1417: 1410: 1403: 1396: 1387: 1380: 1373: 1366: 1359: 1350: 1343: 1332: 1325: 1318: 1311: 1304: 1297: 1290: 1283: 1276: 1240: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1220: 1217: 1199:("land of the 1173:, despite the 892: 889: 857:Western Europe 837:European Union 774:Western Europe 700:post-classical 676:ancient Greece 591:Ural Mountains 559:Atlantic Ocean 534: 533: 531: 530: 522: 514: 505: 502: 501: 487: 480: 479: 477: 476: 471: 466: 461: 456: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 421: 415: 414:Largest cities 411: 410: 401: 397: 396: 394: 393: 391:Serbo-Croatian 388: 383: 378: 373: 368: 363: 358: 353: 348: 343: 337: 331: 327: 326: 307: 303: 302: 283: 279: 278: 273: 267: 266: 264: 263: 257: 251: 245: 238: 236: 232: 231: 223: 219: 218: 211: 210:GDP per capita 207: 206: 199: 195: 194: 185: 174: 173: 170: 166: 165: 158: 154: 153: 146: 142: 141: 130: 120: 119: 107: 106: 89:September 2024 76: 75: 68: 66:(refs: 23, 25) 54: 49: 47: 40: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 27601: 27590: 27587: 27585: 27582: 27581: 27579: 27558: 27554: 27550: 27542: 27541: 27538: 27532: 27529: 27527: 27524: 27522: 27519: 27517: 27514: 27512: 27509: 27507: 27504: 27502: 27499: 27497: 27494: 27492: 27489: 27488: 27486: 27484: 27480: 27474: 27471: 27469: 27466: 27465: 27463: 27461: 27457: 27451: 27448: 27446: 27443: 27441: 27438: 27436: 27433: 27432: 27430: 27428: 27424: 27418: 27415: 27413: 27410: 27406: 27403: 27402: 27401: 27398: 27397: 27395: 27393: 27388: 27382: 27379: 27375: 27372: 27370: 27367: 27365: 27362: 27361: 27360: 27359:Pacific Ocean 27357: 27355: 27352: 27350: 27347: 27345: 27342: 27338: 27335: 27334: 27333: 27330: 27329: 27327: 27325: 27321: 27311: 27308: 27304: 27301: 27299: 27296: 27295: 27294: 27293:Pacific Ocean 27291: 27287: 27284: 27283: 27282: 27279: 27273: 27270: 27268: 27265: 27263: 27260: 27259: 27258: 27255: 27253: 27250: 27248: 27247:Caribbean Sea 27245: 27243: 27240: 27238: 27235: 27234: 27233: 27230: 27228: 27225: 27224: 27222: 27220: 27215: 27207: 27204: 27202: 27199: 27198: 27197: 27194: 27190: 27189:by population 27187: 27185: 27182: 27181: 27180: 27177: 27175: 27172: 27170: 27167: 27163: 27162:South America 27160: 27156: 27153: 27151: 27148: 27147: 27146: 27145:North America 27143: 27142: 27141: 27138: 27136: 27133: 27132: 27130: 27128: 27123: 27120: 27118: 27114: 27102: 27099: 27098: 27097: 27096:Southern Cone 27094: 27092: 27089: 27087: 27084: 27082: 27079: 27077: 27074: 27072: 27071:Andean States 27069: 27065: 27062: 27060: 27057: 27056: 27055: 27052: 27051: 27049: 27047: 27046:South America 27043: 27037: 27034: 27032: 27029: 27027: 27024: 27022: 27019: 27015: 27012: 27011: 27010: 27007: 27003: 27000: 26996: 26993: 26991: 26988: 26986: 26983: 26982: 26981: 26978: 26977: 26976: 26973: 26972: 26970: 26968: 26964: 26958: 26955: 26949: 26946: 26944: 26941: 26940: 26939: 26936: 26935: 26934: 26931: 26929: 26926: 26924: 26921: 26919: 26916: 26914: 26911: 26907: 26904: 26902: 26899: 26897: 26894: 26892: 26889: 26887: 26884: 26882: 26879: 26877: 26874: 26872: 26869: 26867: 26864: 26862: 26859: 26857: 26854: 26852: 26849: 26847: 26844: 26842: 26839: 26837: 26834: 26832: 26829: 26827: 26824: 26822: 26819: 26817: 26814: 26812: 26809: 26808: 26807: 26804: 26802: 26799: 26797: 26794: 26792: 26789: 26787: 26784: 26782: 26779: 26778: 26776: 26774: 26773:North America 26770: 26764: 26761: 26759: 26756: 26754: 26751: 26749: 26746: 26742: 26739: 26737: 26736:Low Countries 26734: 26732: 26729: 26728: 26727: 26724: 26718: 26715: 26714: 26713: 26712:South-western 26710: 26706: 26703: 26702: 26701: 26700:South-eastern 26698: 26694: 26691: 26690: 26689: 26688:South-central 26686: 26684: 26681: 26679: 26678:Mediterranean 26676: 26675: 26674: 26671: 26665: 26662: 26661: 26660: 26657: 26655: 26652: 26650: 26647: 26645: 26644:British Isles 26642: 26640: 26637: 26636: 26635: 26632: 26628: 26625: 26623: 26620: 26616: 26613: 26611: 26608: 26606: 26603: 26602: 26601: 26598: 26596: 26593: 26592: 26591: 26588: 26586: 26583: 26582: 26580: 26578: 26574: 26564: 26561: 26559: 26556: 26554: 26551: 26550: 26549: 26546: 26542: 26541:Levantine Sea 26539: 26537: 26534: 26533: 26532: 26529: 26525: 26522: 26521: 26520: 26517: 26513: 26510: 26509: 26508: 26505: 26503: 26500: 26499: 26498: 26495: 26491: 26488: 26486: 26483: 26481: 26478: 26477: 26476: 26473: 26469: 26466: 26464: 26461: 26460: 26459: 26456: 26454: 26451: 26447: 26444: 26442: 26439: 26438: 26437: 26434: 26428: 26425: 26424: 26423: 26420: 26419: 26418: 26415: 26411: 26408: 26404: 26401: 26400: 26399: 26396: 26395: 26394: 26391: 26387: 26384: 26382: 26379: 26377: 26374: 26373: 26372: 26369: 26367: 26364: 26363: 26361: 26359: 26355: 26347: 26344: 26343: 26342: 26339: 26337: 26334: 26330: 26327: 26326: 26325: 26322: 26321: 26319: 26317: 26313: 26305: 26302: 26300: 26297: 26293: 26290: 26288: 26285: 26284: 26283: 26280: 26278: 26275: 26274: 26273: 26270: 26264: 26261: 26259: 26256: 26254: 26251: 26249: 26246: 26245: 26244: 26241: 26240: 26239: 26236: 26234: 26233:Mediterranean 26231: 26230: 26228: 26226: 26222: 26219: 26217: 26213: 26205: 26202: 26201: 26200: 26197: 26195: 26192: 26190: 26187: 26185: 26182: 26178: 26175: 26174: 26173: 26170: 26169: 26167: 26165: 26161: 26155: 26152: 26150: 26147: 26145: 26142: 26140: 26137: 26135: 26132: 26130: 26127: 26126: 26124: 26122: 26118: 26110: 26107: 26105: 26102: 26100: 26097: 26095: 26092: 26091: 26090: 26087: 26085: 26082: 26080: 26077: 26075: 26072: 26070: 26067: 26066: 26064: 26062: 26058: 26054: 26050: 26046: 26039: 26034: 26032: 26027: 26025: 26020: 26019: 26016: 26003: 26000: 25998: 25990: 25988: 25985: 25983: 25980: 25978: 25977: 25972: 25965: 25964: 25960: 25945: 25942: 25940: 25937: 25935: 25932: 25930: 25927: 25925: 25922: 25920: 25917: 25915: 25910: 25909: 25908:Subcontinents 25904: 25903: 25901: 25896: 25895: 25891: 25889: 25886: 25884: 25881: 25879: 25876: 25874: 25873:Kumari Kandam 25871: 25869: 25866: 25864: 25859: 25857: 25853: 25849: 25844: 25843: 25841: 25836: 25833: 25831: 25828: 25826: 25823: 25821: 25816: 25812: 25811: 25809: 25804: 25801: 25799: 25796: 25794: 25791: 25789: 25786: 25784: 25781: 25779: 25776: 25774: 25771: 25769: 25766: 25764: 25761: 25759: 25756: 25754: 25751: 25749: 25744: 25743: 25739: 25735: 25730: 25729: 25727: 25724: 25723: 25718: 25714: 25699: 25696: 25694: 25691: 25689: 25686: 25684: 25681: 25679: 25676: 25674: 25671: 25669: 25666: 25664: 25661: 25659: 25656: 25654: 25651: 25649: 25646: 25644: 25641: 25639: 25636: 25634: 25631: 25629: 25626: 25624: 25621: 25619: 25616: 25614: 25611: 25609: 25606: 25604: 25601: 25599: 25594: 25590: 25589: 25587: 25582: 25579: 25577: 25574: 25572: 25569: 25567: 25564: 25562: 25559: 25557: 25554: 25552: 25549: 25547: 25544: 25542: 25539: 25537: 25532: 25531: 25525: 25524: 25522: 25519: 25518: 25513: 25509: 25496: 25495: 25490: 25484: 25481: 25480: 25475: 25469: 25466: 25465: 25460: 25454: 25451: 25450: 25445: 25439: 25436: 25435: 25430: 25426: 25413: 25412: 25411:South America 25407: 25401: 25398: 25397: 25396:North America 25392: 25386: 25383: 25382: 25377: 25371: 25368: 25367: 25362: 25356: 25353: 25352: 25347: 25341: 25338: 25337: 25332: 25326: 25323: 25322: 25317: 25311: 25308: 25307: 25302: 25298: 25294: 25290: 25283: 25278: 25276: 25271: 25269: 25264: 25263: 25260: 25248: 25245: 25243: 25240: 25238: 25235: 25233: 25230: 25228: 25225: 25223: 25220: 25218: 25215: 25213: 25210: 25208: 25205: 25203: 25200: 25198: 25195: 25193: 25192:PROSUR/PROSUL 25190: 25188: 25185: 25183: 25180: 25178: 25175: 25173: 25170: 25168: 25165: 25163: 25160: 25158: 25155: 25153: 25150: 25148: 25145: 25143: 25140: 25138: 25135: 25133: 25130: 25128: 25125: 25123: 25120: 25118: 25115: 25113: 25110: 25108: 25105: 25103: 25100: 25098: 25095: 25093: 25090: 25088: 25087:Craiova Group 25085: 25083: 25080: 25078: 25075: 25073: 25070: 25068: 25065: 25063: 25060: 25058: 25055: 25053: 25050: 25048: 25045: 25043: 25040: 25038: 25035: 25033: 25030: 25028: 25025: 25023: 25020: 25018: 25015: 25013: 25010: 25008: 25005: 25003: 25002:ABCANZ Armies 25000: 24999: 24997: 24991: 24985: 24982: 24980: 24977: 24973: 24970: 24968: 24965: 24963: 24960: 24958: 24955: 24953: 24950: 24948: 24945: 24944: 24943: 24940: 24938: 24935: 24931: 24928: 24927: 24926: 24923: 24921: 24918: 24917: 24915: 24913: 24909: 24903: 24900: 24898: 24895: 24891: 24888: 24886: 24883: 24881: 24878: 24876: 24873: 24869: 24866: 24864: 24861: 24859: 24856: 24854: 24851: 24850: 24849: 24846: 24844: 24841: 24839: 24836: 24834: 24831: 24830: 24829: 24826: 24820: 24817: 24816: 24815: 24812: 24808: 24807:Protestantism 24805: 24801: 24798: 24797: 24796: 24793: 24789: 24786: 24785: 24784: 24781: 24777: 24773: 24770: 24769: 24768: 24765: 24764: 24763: 24760: 24759: 24758: 24755: 24754: 24752: 24750: 24746: 24738: 24735: 24734: 24733: 24730: 24728: 24727:Sovereigntism 24725: 24723: 24720: 24716: 24715: 24711: 24710: 24709: 24706: 24702: 24699: 24698: 24697: 24694: 24692: 24689: 24687: 24684: 24682: 24679: 24677: 24674: 24672: 24669: 24667: 24664: 24660: 24657: 24655: 24652: 24651: 24650: 24647: 24643: 24640: 24639: 24638: 24635: 24633: 24630: 24628: 24625: 24623: 24622:Scholasticism 24620: 24618: 24615: 24613: 24610: 24608: 24605: 24603: 24600: 24598: 24595: 24593: 24590: 24589: 24587: 24585: 24581: 24573: 24570: 24568: 24565: 24563: 24560: 24558: 24555: 24554: 24553: 24550: 24546: 24543: 24542: 24541: 24538: 24534: 24531: 24529: 24526: 24525: 24524: 24521: 24517: 24514: 24513: 24512: 24509: 24507: 24504: 24500: 24497: 24495: 24492: 24490: 24487: 24486: 24485: 24482: 24478: 24475: 24474: 24473: 24470: 24466: 24463: 24462: 24461: 24458: 24454: 24451: 24449: 24446: 24445: 24444: 24441: 24439: 24436: 24434: 24431: 24429: 24426: 24422: 24419: 24418: 24417: 24414: 24412: 24409: 24405: 24402: 24401: 24400: 24397: 24393: 24390: 24389: 24388: 24385: 24381: 24378: 24377: 24376: 24373: 24371: 24368: 24364: 24361: 24360: 24359: 24356: 24354: 24351: 24347: 24344: 24342: 24339: 24337: 24334: 24333: 24332: 24329: 24328: 24326: 24324: 24320: 24312: 24311:War on terror 24309: 24307: 24304: 24303: 24302: 24299: 24295: 24292: 24290: 24287: 24285: 24282: 24280: 24277: 24275: 24272: 24270: 24267: 24265: 24262: 24260: 24257: 24255: 24252: 24250: 24247: 24245: 24242: 24240: 24237: 24235: 24232: 24230: 24227: 24225: 24222: 24220: 24217: 24215: 24212: 24210: 24207: 24206: 24205: 24204:Modern period 24202: 24200: 24197: 24193: 24190: 24188: 24185: 24183: 24180: 24179: 24178: 24175: 24171: 24168: 24167: 24166: 24163: 24161: 24158: 24157: 24155: 24153: 24149: 24143: 24140: 24138: 24135: 24133: 24130: 24128: 24125: 24119: 24116: 24114: 24111: 24110: 24109: 24106: 24104: 24101: 24099: 24096: 24094: 24091: 24090: 24089: 24086: 24084: 24081: 24079: 24076: 24075: 24073: 24069: 24065: 24061: 24060:Western world 24054: 24049: 24047: 24042: 24040: 24035: 24034: 24031: 24019: 24016: 24014: 24011: 24009: 24006: 24004: 24001: 23999: 23996: 23994: 23991: 23989: 23986: 23984: 23981: 23979: 23976: 23974: 23971: 23969: 23966: 23965: 23963: 23959: 23953: 23952:Luxembourgers 23950: 23948: 23945: 23943: 23940: 23935: 23931: 23930: 23929: 23926: 23924: 23921: 23916: 23912: 23909: 23905: 23904: 23903: 23900: 23899: 23897: 23893: 23885: 23882: 23880: 23877: 23875: 23872: 23870: 23867: 23865: 23862: 23861: 23860: 23857: 23855: 23852: 23850: 23847: 23845: 23842: 23841: 23839: 23835: 23826: 23822: 23821: 23820: 23817: 23815: 23812: 23807: 23803: 23802: 23801: 23798: 23796: 23793: 23791: 23788: 23783: 23779: 23776: 23772: 23771: 23770: 23767: 23765: 23762: 23760: 23757: 23755: 23752: 23747: 23743: 23742: 23741: 23738: 23737: 23735: 23731: 23725: 23722: 23720: 23717: 23715: 23712: 23710: 23707: 23705: 23702: 23700: 23697: 23695: 23692: 23690: 23687: 23686: 23684: 23680: 23674: 23671: 23669: 23666: 23664: 23661: 23659: 23656: 23655: 23653: 23649: 23643: 23640: 23638: 23635: 23633: 23630: 23628: 23625: 23623: 23620: 23618: 23615: 23610: 23609:Volksdeutsche 23606: 23605: 23604: 23601: 23599: 23596: 23594: 23591: 23589: 23586: 23585: 23583: 23579: 23573: 23570: 23568: 23565: 23563: 23560: 23558: 23555: 23553: 23550: 23549: 23547: 23543: 23537: 23534: 23532: 23529: 23527: 23524: 23522: 23519: 23517: 23514: 23512: 23509: 23508: 23506: 23503: 23499: 23495: 23488: 23483: 23481: 23476: 23474: 23469: 23468: 23465: 23453: 23452: 23451:Europe portal 23447: 23443: 23441: 23440: 23431: 23430: 23425: 23421: 23418: 23415: 23412: 23409: 23408: 23404: 23393: 23389: 23385: 23382: 23380: 23377: 23375: 23372: 23370: 23367: 23366: 23364: 23360: 23353: 23349: 23345: 23342: 23341: 23339: 23335: 23328: 23324: 23320: 23317: 23316: 23314: 23310: 23307: 23300:Special areas 23297: 23283: 23280: 23278: 23275: 23271: 23268: 23266: 23263: 23261: 23258: 23257: 23256: 23253: 23252: 23250: 23248: 23244: 23237: 23233: 23230: 23227: 23224: 23223: 23220: 23217: 23213: 23205: 23202: 23201: 23200: 23199:Faroe Islands 23197: 23196: 23194: 23190: 23187: 23184: 23177: 23171: 23168: 23166: 23165:South Ossetia 23163: 23161: 23158: 23156: 23153: 23151: 23148: 23147: 23145: 23142: 23135: 23130: 23120: 23117: 23115: 23112: 23110: 23107: 23105: 23102: 23100: 23097: 23095: 23092: 23090: 23087: 23085: 23082: 23080: 23077: 23075: 23072: 23070: 23067: 23065: 23062: 23060: 23057: 23055: 23052: 23050: 23047: 23045: 23042: 23040: 23037: 23035: 23032: 23030: 23027: 23025: 23022: 23020: 23017: 23015: 23012: 23010: 23007: 23005: 23002: 23000: 22999:Liechtenstein 22997: 22995: 22992: 22990: 22987: 22985: 22982: 22980: 22977: 22975: 22972: 22970: 22967: 22965: 22962: 22960: 22957: 22955: 22952: 22950: 22947: 22945: 22942: 22940: 22937: 22935: 22932: 22930: 22927: 22925: 22922: 22920: 22917: 22915: 22912: 22910: 22907: 22905: 22902: 22900: 22897: 22895: 22892: 22890: 22887: 22885: 22882: 22880: 22877: 22875: 22872: 22871: 22869: 22867: 22863: 22859: 22855: 22848: 22843: 22841: 22836: 22834: 22829: 22828: 22825: 22819: 22812: 22800: 22797: 22795: 22792: 22790: 22787: 22786: 22781: 22777: 22774: 22770: 22769: 22765: 22755: 22752: 22748: 22745: 22744: 22743: 22740: 22738: 22735: 22731: 22728: 22727: 22726: 22725:Ethnic groups 22723: 22721: 22718: 22716: 22713: 22712: 22710: 22708: 22704: 22697: 22693: 22689: 22686: 22684: 22681: 22677: 22674: 22672: 22669: 22667: 22664: 22663: 22662: 22659: 22657: 22654: 22652: 22649: 22647: 22644: 22642: 22639: 22637: 22634: 22630: 22627: 22626: 22625: 22622: 22620: 22617: 22615: 22612: 22608: 22605: 22603: 22600: 22599: 22598: 22595: 22594: 22592: 22590: 22586: 22578: 22575: 22573: 22570: 22569: 22568: 22565: 22563: 22560: 22556: 22553: 22552: 22551: 22548: 22546: 22543: 22541: 22538: 22536: 22533: 22532: 22529: 22526: 22524: 22520: 22506: 22503: 22501: 22498: 22496: 22493: 22491: 22488: 22486: 22483: 22481: 22478: 22476: 22473: 22471: 22468: 22466: 22463: 22461: 22458: 22456: 22453: 22449: 22446: 22445: 22444: 22441: 22437: 22434: 22433: 22432: 22431:GDP (nominal) 22429: 22425: 22422: 22421: 22420: 22417: 22415: 22412: 22411: 22409: 22405: 22399: 22396: 22394: 22391: 22389: 22386: 22384: 22381: 22380: 22378: 22374: 22368: 22365: 22363: 22360: 22358: 22355: 22353: 22350: 22348: 22345: 22343: 22340: 22339: 22336: 22332: 22329: 22327: 22323: 22309: 22306: 22302: 22299: 22298: 22297: 22296:Schengen Area 22294: 22292: 22289: 22285: 22282: 22281: 22280: 22277: 22275: 22272: 22270: 22267: 22265: 22262: 22258: 22255: 22253: 22250: 22249: 22248: 22245: 22243: 22240: 22238: 22235: 22231: 22228: 22226: 22223: 22222: 22221: 22218: 22217: 22215: 22213: 22209: 22203: 22200: 22196: 22193: 22192: 22191: 22188: 22186: 22183: 22181: 22178: 22176: 22173: 22171: 22168: 22166: 22163: 22161: 22158: 22156: 22153: 22151: 22148: 22147: 22145: 22141: 22135: 22132: 22130: 22127: 22125: 22122: 22120: 22117: 22115: 22112: 22110: 22107: 22106: 22103: 22099: 22096: 22094: 22090: 22080: 22077: 22073: 22072:by population 22070: 22069: 22068: 22065: 22063: 22060: 22058: 22055: 22053: 22050: 22048: 22045: 22043: 22040: 22038: 22035: 22033: 22030: 22028: 22025: 22023: 22020: 22018: 22015: 22013: 22010: 22006: 22003: 22002: 22001: 21998: 21996: 21993: 21992: 21989: 21986: 21984: 21980: 21968: 21965: 21964: 21963: 21960: 21958: 21955: 21954: 21952: 21948: 21942: 21939: 21936: 21933: 21929: 21926: 21924: 21921: 21919: 21916: 21914: 21911: 21909: 21906: 21904: 21901: 21899: 21896: 21894: 21891: 21889: 21886: 21884: 21881: 21879: 21876: 21875: 21873: 21869: 21866: 21864: 21860: 21856: 21852: 21845: 21840: 21838: 21833: 21831: 21826: 21825: 21822: 21813: 21812: 21811:Travel guides 21800: 21796: 21795: 21783: 21780:from Wikinews 21779: 21778: 21766: 21762: 21761: 21749: 21748: 21745: 21739: 21731: 21721: 21719: 21709: 21708: 21705: 21698: 21695: 21693: 21689: 21686: 21685: 21684: 21683: 21677: 21674: 21671: 21667: 21666: 21660: 21655: 21653: 21649: 21646: 21644: 21640: 21637: 21635: 21634: 21629: 21626: 21624: 21620: 21617: 21616: 21606: 21600: 21596: 21595: 21589: 21585: 21579: 21575: 21574: 21568: 21564: 21558: 21554: 21550: 21546: 21542: 21536: 21532: 21527: 21523: 21517: 21513: 21508: 21505: 21504:0-7922-3695-5 21501: 21497: 21493: 21490: 21489: 21469: 21465: 21459: 21444: 21440: 21434: 21427: 21426: 21422: 21419: 21414: 21410: 21407: 21403: 21399: 21396: 21394: 21390: 21386: 21383: 21380: 21376: 21372: 21369: 21366: 21360: 21344: 21340: 21336: 21330: 21313: 21309: 21305: 21301: 21297: 21294: 21292: 21288: 21284: 21281: 21279: 21275: 21271: 21268: 21266: 21262: 21258: 21255: 21253: 21239: 21235: 21231: 21227: 21223: 21220: 21218: 21214: 21210: 21207: 21205: 21201: 21197: 21194: 21192: 21188: 21184: 21181: 21179: 21175: 21171: 21168: 21166: 21152: 21148: 21144: 21130: 21126: 21122: 21117: 21110: 21109: 21105: 21102: 21097: 21093: 21090: 21086: 21082: 21079: 21077: 21073: 21069: 21066: 21063: 21059: 21055: 21052: 21049: 21043: 21024: 21020: 21013: 21006: 20998: 20994: 20988: 20980: 20978:9783039119776 20974: 20970: 20963: 20956: 20952: 20949: 20945: 20940: 20924: 20920: 20916: 20910: 20894: 20890: 20886: 20880: 20861: 20857: 20850: 20844: 20842: 20826: 20822: 20815: 20800: 20796: 20789: 20781: 20777: 20773: 20769: 20765: 20761: 20757: 20750: 20743: 20742: 20736: 20721: 20717: 20710: 20708: 20691: 20687: 20686: 20681: 20674: 20672: 20656: 20652: 20645: 20638: 20634: 20632:9781315297927 20628: 20624: 20617: 20609: 20607:9780857457271 20603: 20599: 20592: 20584: 20578: 20574: 20567: 20556: 20549: 20543: 20527: 20523: 20519: 20513: 20506: 20502: 20499: 20494: 20487: 20474: 20470: 20466: 20462: 20458: 20454: 20450: 20449:Human Biology 20446: 20439: 20423: 20419: 20413: 20406: 20402: 20398: 20395: 20389: 20380: 20375: 20371: 20367: 20363: 20356: 20340: 20336: 20332: 20328: 20321: 20302: 20295: 20289: 20273: 20269: 20265: 20257: 20242: 20241: 20234: 20232: 20215: 20211: 20205: 20190: 20186: 20182: 20176: 20172: 20171: 20164: 20157: 20153: 20150: 20146: 20140: 20133: 20129: 20126: 20121: 20105: 20101: 20095: 20087: 20083: 20077: 20069: 20062: 20061: 20054: 20046: 20042: 20036: 20028: 20024: 20018: 20002: 19996: 19989: 19985: 19982: 19977: 19971:. April 2012. 19970: 19966: 19962: 19959: 19954: 19939:on 9 May 2010 19938: 19934: 19927: 19911: 19907: 19903: 19896: 19880: 19876: 19875: 19870: 19863: 19856: 19852: 19849: 19844: 19836: 19832: 19826: 19810: 19806: 19805:adnkronos.com 19802: 19796: 19780: 19776: 19770: 19764: 19760: 19757: 19751: 19744: 19738: 19731: 19725: 19717: 19711: 19707: 19700: 19693: 19687: 19671: 19667: 19660: 19652: 19645: 19639: 19635: 19631: 19628: 19623: 19608: 19602: 19600: 19598: 19596: 19594: 19592: 19590: 19588: 19572: 19566: 19560: 19555: 19549: 19544: 19536: 19532: 19526: 19519: 19515: 19511: 19508: 19502: 19486: 19482: 19481:worldbank.org 19478: 19472: 19456: 19452: 19448: 19442: 19432: 19416: 19412: 19406: 19390: 19386: 19379: 19363: 19357: 19351: 19346: 19340: 19334: 19326: 19322: 19318: 19314: 19310: 19306: 19302: 19298: 19291: 19275: 19271: 19267: 19260: 19244: 19240: 19234: 19215: 19208: 19202: 19186: 19182: 19176: 19160: 19156: 19150: 19134: 19130: 19129: 19124: 19118: 19116: 19114: 19112: 19096: 19092: 19085: 19076: 19061: 19057: 19051: 19035: 19031: 19025: 19010: 19006: 18999: 18990: 18982: 18978: 18973: 18968: 18964: 18960: 18956: 18952: 18948: 18944: 18940: 18936: 18935:Wood, Eric F. 18929: 18920: 18904: 18900: 18896: 18890: 18888: 18880: 18876: 18873: 18868: 18852: 18848: 18847: 18842: 18835: 18819: 18815: 18814: 18809: 18803: 18787: 18783: 18782: 18777: 18771: 18755: 18751: 18747: 18741: 18732: 18723: 18714: 18698: 18694: 18693: 18688: 18682: 18673: 18664: 18655: 18646: 18637: 18628: 18619: 18612: 18608: 18605: 18600: 18591: 18582: 18573: 18564: 18556: 18552: 18548: 18544: 18540: 18536: 18532: 18528: 18521: 18514: 18510: 18504: 18488: 18484: 18480: 18473: 18457: 18453: 18452: 18445: 18429: 18425: 18421: 18415: 18408: 18404: 18403: 18399: 18396: 18389: 18383:. 9 May 2005. 18382: 18378: 18374: 18371: 18365: 18358: 18353: 18346: 18341: 18334: 18329: 18322: 18317: 18310: 18305: 18289: 18285: 18278: 18270: 18264: 18260: 18253: 18244: 18228: 18224: 18220: 18214: 18207: 18202: 18194: 18188: 18184: 18183: 18175: 18173: 18153: 18149: 18142: 18136: 18117: 18113: 18106: 18100: 18081: 18074: 18068: 18049: 18045: 18044: 18036: 18030: 18014: 18013: 18008: 18001: 17993: 17987: 17983: 17978: 17977: 17968: 17952: 17948: 17942: 17938: 17937: 17929: 17922: 17918: 17915: 17909: 17893: 17889: 17883: 17879: 17878: 17870: 17863: 17858: 17850: 17844: 17840: 17833: 17824: 17808: 17804: 17798: 17791: 17786: 17777: 17761: 17757: 17751: 17745: 17741: 17737: 17732: 17713: 17709: 17708: 17700: 17693: 17686: 17682: 17678: 17675: 17670: 17663: 17659: 17656: 17650: 17643: 17639: 17635: 17632: 17627: 17619: 17612: 17605: 17601: 17597: 17594: 17589: 17581: 17575: 17572:. AMS Press. 17571: 17564: 17556: 17550: 17545: 17544: 17535: 17528: 17524: 17520: 17517: 17513: 17505: 17499: 17494: 17493: 17484: 17475: 17466: 17457: 17449: 17443: 17439: 17432: 17424: 17418: 17414: 17410: 17403: 17395: 17389: 17385: 17378: 17369: 17361: 17355: 17351: 17347: 17346: 17341: 17340:Schama, Simon 17335: 17326: 17318: 17312: 17307: 17306: 17297: 17289: 17283: 17279: 17275: 17268: 17260: 17256: 17252: 17248: 17245:(1): 86–104. 17244: 17240: 17233: 17217: 17213: 17206: 17190: 17186: 17180: 17176: 17175: 17167: 17160: 17159:0-19-522151-6 17156: 17152: 17151: 17147: 17144: 17137: 17121: 17117: 17111: 17107: 17106: 17101: 17095: 17079: 17075: 17069: 17065: 17064: 17059: 17053: 17047: 17046:81-313-0356-X 17043: 17039: 17038: 17034: 17031: 17024: 17008: 17004: 16998: 16989: 16980: 16973: 16969: 16966: 16961: 16953: 16946: 16930: 16926: 16922: 16916: 16907: 16899: 16892: 16885: 16879: 16872: 16866: 16860: 16859:0-415-15041-8 16856: 16852: 16846: 16840:Elliott p.333 16837: 16828: 16819: 16811: 16805: 16801: 16800: 16792: 16783: 16775: 16768: 16759: 16751: 16744: 16738: 16737:0-395-88947-2 16734: 16730: 16724: 16715: 16707: 16701: 16697: 16696: 16691: 16685: 16679: 16678:1-59740-150-1 16675: 16671: 16667: 16662: 16656: 16655:0-567-08969-X 16652: 16648: 16645:, pp. 14–18, 16644: 16643: 16639: 16636: 16629: 16627: 16610: 16606: 16602: 16595: 16579: 16575: 16569: 16560: 16544: 16540: 16536: 16530: 16523: 16519: 16516: 16511: 16504: 16499: 16493: 16489: 16485: 16481: 16475: 16468: 16467:0-333-62088-7 16464: 16460: 16456: 16450: 16443: 16439: 16436: 16431: 16425: 16421: 16415: 16399: 16395: 16389: 16382: 16381: 16376: 16372: 16369: 16363: 16347: 16343: 16337: 16321: 16317: 16311: 16307: 16306: 16298: 16291: 16278: 16274: 16273: 16266: 16259: 16248: 16242: 16237: 16236: 16227: 16218: 16211: 16198: 16194: 16188: 16184: 16183: 16175: 16168: 16156: 16152: 16146: 16142: 16141: 16133: 16126: 16113: 16109: 16103: 16099: 16098: 16090: 16083: 16070: 16066: 16060: 16056: 16055: 16047: 16040: 16028: 16024: 16018: 16014: 16013: 16005: 15998: 15986: 15982: 15976: 15972: 15971: 15963: 15956: 15945: 15939: 15935: 15930: 15929: 15920: 15913: 15900: 15896: 15890: 15886: 15885: 15877: 15870: 15858: 15854: 15848: 15844: 15843: 15835: 15828: 15824: 15819: 15810: 15801: 15792: 15783: 15781: 15773: 15767: 15761: 15757: 15753: 15747: 15738: 15732:, p. 66. 15731: 15726: 15719: 15714: 15705: 15696: 15687: 15680: 15674: 15667: 15665: 15659: 15652: 15643: 15636: 15632: 15627: 15620: 15615: 15608: 15604: 15599: 15583: 15579: 15573: 15569: 15568: 15560: 15544: 15540: 15534: 15530: 15529: 15521: 15515: 15514:0-7134-8874-3 15511: 15507: 15501: 15492: 15484: 15477: 15475: 15458: 15454: 15448: 15444: 15443: 15435: 15428: 15424: 15418: 15410: 15404: 15400: 15396: 15390: 15382: 15376: 15372: 15368: 15364: 15358: 15349: 15341: 15335: 15331: 15324: 15308: 15304: 15298: 15294: 15293: 15285: 15283: 15281: 15264: 15260: 15254: 15250: 15249: 15241: 15225: 15221: 15215: 15207: 15203: 15197: 15189: 15185: 15178: 15170: 15166: 15160: 15152: 15148: 15143: 15138: 15134: 15130: 15126: 15122: 15118: 15114: 15109: 15104: 15100: 15096: 15095: 15090: 15082: 15080: 15071: 15065: 15061: 15057: 15056:Ember, Melvin 15053: 15047: 15040: 15039:Penguin Books 15036: 15032: 15027: 15019: 15013: 15009: 15005: 15001: 14997: 14996:Scarre, Chris 14991: 14975: 14971: 14965: 14961: 14960: 14952: 14944: 14940: 14936: 14932: 14928: 14924: 14920: 14916: 14910: 14904: 14896: 14892: 14887: 14882: 14878: 14874: 14870: 14866: 14862: 14858: 14854: 14850: 14846: 14839: 14831: 14827: 14823: 14819: 14814: 14809: 14805: 14801: 14797: 14793: 14789: 14782: 14773: 14765: 14761: 14757: 14751: 14735: 14731: 14727: 14720: 14713: 14709: 14706: 14702: 14699: 14694: 14686: 14682: 14678: 14674: 14670: 14666: 14662: 14658: 14654: 14650: 14646: 14639: 14623: 14619: 14615: 14609: 14593: 14589: 14585: 14579: 14571: 14567: 14562: 14557: 14553: 14549: 14545: 14541: 14537: 14533: 14532: 14527: 14520: 14518: 14510: 14505: 14498: 14494: 14490: 14484: 14476: 14470: 14466: 14459: 14451: 14445: 14441: 14434: 14426: 14422: 14415: 14399: 14395: 14389: 14382: 14381: 14376: 14371: 14365: 14361: 14360:Transcaucasia 14357: 14353: 14349: 14346: 14340: 14333: 14327: 14319: 14315: 14309: 14293: 14289: 14283: 14279: 14278: 14270: 14262: 14255: 14236: 14229: 14225: 14219: 14210: 14202: 14196: 14192: 14185: 14178: 14174: 14169: 14153: 14149: 14143: 14139: 14135: 14131: 14127: 14123: 14117: 14115: 14101: 14097: 14094: 14090: 14089: 14083: 14076: 14072: 14069: 14065: 14061: 14057: 14051: 14044: 14038: 14030: 14024: 14020: 14013: 14007: 14001: 13992: 13986: 13982: 13978: 13977: 13971: 13955: 13951: 13945: 13939: 13936: 13935:1-113-68809-2 13932: 13928: 13924: 13921: 13920: 13913: 13897: 13893: 13887: 13871: 13867: 13863: 13857: 13855: 13846: 13842: 13838: 13834: 13830: 13826: 13822: 13818: 13811: 13802: 13796: 13792: 13791: 13783: 13776: 13775: 13770: 13766: 13763: 13758: 13739: 13735: 13731: 13727: 13723: 13719: 13715: 13712:(1): 168–69. 13711: 13707: 13700: 13693: 13691: 13674: 13670: 13666: 13660: 13644: 13640: 13639: 13631: 13615: 13611: 13605: 13601: 13600: 13592: 13576: 13572: 13566: 13562: 13561: 13553: 13551: 13534: 13530: 13524: 13516: 13510: 13491: 13484: 13478: 13462: 13458: 13454: 13448: 13446: 13436: 13434: 13426: 13414: 13410: 13404: 13400: 13399: 13391: 13385:, p. 226 13384: 13379: 13370: 13364: 13360: 13356: 13350: 13335: 13331: 13325: 13309: 13305: 13299: 13280: 13273: 13267: 13248: 13241: 13234: 13232: 13230: 13228: 13226: 13224: 13222: 13205: 13201: 13197: 13191: 13175: 13171: 13165: 13149: 13145: 13139: 13123: 13119: 13113: 13097: 13090: 13084: 13082: 13080: 13063: 13059: 13053: 13051: 13049: 13032: 13028: 13024: 13018: 13014: 12999: 12992: 12988: 12984: 12980: 12976: 12970: 12963: 12957: 12950: 12946: 12942: 12938: 12932: 12931: 12922: 12918: 12913: 12906: 12902: 12898: 12893: 12886: 12882: 12878: 12874: 12873:South Ossetia 12870: 12865: 12864: 12855: 12851: 12847: 12842: 12832: 12831: 12822: 12818: 12813: 12806: 12802: 12799: 12798: 12793: 12792:South Ossetia 12789: 12785: 12781: 12776: 12769: 12765: 12761: 12757: 12753: 12748: 12741: 12737: 12732: 12725: 12721: 12717: 12712: 12705: 12701: 12697: 12693: 12689: 12685: 12681: 12677: 12672: 12665: 12661: 12658:include only 12657: 12651: 12644: 12640: 12636: 12630: 12623: 12619: 12615: 12609: 12602: 12598: 12594: 12590: 12585: 12584: 12575: 12571: 12567: 12563: 12559: 12555: 12551: 12547: 12543: 12538: 12537: 12528: 12527:European part 12524: 12520: 12514: 12507: 12503: 12499: 12494: 12493: 12487: 12477: 12474: 12472: 12469: 12467: 12464: 12462: 12459: 12457: 12454: 12452: 12449: 12447: 12444: 12442: 12439: 12437: 12434: 12432: 12429: 12427: 12424: 12422: 12419: 12417: 12414: 12412: 12409: 12407: 12404: 12402: 12399: 12398: 12393: 12392:Europe portal 12382: 12375: 12373: 12369: 12365: 12361: 12346: 12344: 12337: 12333: 12329: 12325: 12318: 12307: 12305: 12301: 12297: 12292: 12289: 12285: 12281: 12277: 12273: 12269: 12265: 12260: 12258: 12254: 12250: 12249:against Islam 12246: 12242: 12238: 12234: 12226: 12221: 12216: 12212: 12206: 12191: 12185: 12177: 12171: 12163: 12157: 12149: 12143: 12134: 12126: 12124: 12119: 12117: 12113: 12109: 12105: 12101: 12097: 12093: 12089: 12085: 12081: 12077: 12073: 12069: 12063: 12053: 12051: 12047: 12043: 12038: 12036: 12032: 12028: 12023: 12021: 12017: 12013: 12009: 12005: 12001: 12000:The Holocaust 11997: 11993: 11989: 11985: 11980: 11978: 11974: 11970: 11966: 11962: 11958: 11954: 11950: 11946: 11942: 11940: 11936: 11932: 11928: 11924: 11920: 11916: 11912: 11908: 11907:United States 11904: 11900: 11896: 11892: 11888: 11884: 11880: 11876: 11872: 11850: 11840: 11830: 11820: 11810: 11802: 11800: 11796: 11787: 11777: 11775: 11771: 11768: 11763: 11761: 11757: 11753: 11749: 11745: 11741: 11737: 11733: 11729: 11725: 11721: 11717: 11713: 11709: 11705: 11701: 11697: 11693: 11689: 11685: 11684:Crimean Tatar 11681: 11677: 11673: 11669: 11665: 11661: 11657: 11653: 11649: 11645: 11641: 11637: 11633: 11629: 11625: 11621: 11617: 11613: 11609: 11604: 11602: 11598: 11594: 11590: 11586: 11582: 11578: 11574: 11570: 11566: 11562: 11558: 11554: 11550: 11546: 11542: 11538: 11534: 11530: 11526: 11522: 11518: 11514: 11510: 11506: 11505:Indo-European 11500: 11493: 11488: 11483: 11473: 11471: 11467: 11463: 11459: 11455: 11451: 11447: 11444:and probably 11443: 11439: 11435: 11431: 11427: 11423: 11419: 11415: 11411: 11407: 11402: 11399: 11396:Early modern 11394: 11392: 11388: 11384: 11375: 11370: 11366: 11356: 11354: 11348: 11342: 11335:Ethnic groups 11332: 11330: 11326: 11322: 11318: 11312: 11310: 11306: 11300: 11298: 11294: 11290: 11282: 11278: 11273: 11269: 11265: 11259: 11249: 11247: 11243: 11239: 11235: 11230: 11228: 11224: 11218: 11216: 11212: 11207: 11205: 11204:shock therapy 11197: 11193: 11189: 11185: 11181: 11177: 11173: 11169: 11164: 11157: 11156: 11155: 11153: 11149: 11145: 11144:Marshall Plan 11141: 11136: 11134: 11130: 11126: 11122: 11118: 11114: 11106:(blue colour) 11105: 11101: 11094: 11089: 11082: 11081: 11080: 11077: 11069: 11068: 11057: 11054: 11052: 11038: 11037: 11033: 11030: 11028: 11014: 11013: 11009: 11006: 11004: 10990: 10989: 10985: 10982: 10980: 10966: 10965: 10961: 10958: 10956: 10942: 10941: 10937: 10934: 10932: 10918: 10917: 10913: 10910: 10907: 10892: 10891: 10887: 10884: 10882: 10868: 10867: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10844: 10843: 10839: 10836: 10834: 10820: 10819: 10815: 10812: 10810: 10808: 10793: 10792: 10788: 10785: 10776: 10773: 10770: 10767: 10766: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10739: 10738: 10734: 10731: 10729: 10715: 10714: 10710: 10707: 10705: 10691: 10690: 10686: 10683: 10681: 10667: 10666: 10662: 10659: 10657: 10643: 10642: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10619: 10618: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10595: 10594: 10590: 10587: 10585: 10571: 10570: 10566: 10563: 10560: 10545: 10544: 10540: 10537: 10535: 10521: 10520: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10509: 10494: 10493: 10489: 10486: 10477: 10474: 10471: 10468: 10467: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10455: 10450: 10448: 10444: 10440: 10436: 10432: 10427: 10425: 10421: 10416: 10415:Golden Banana 10412: 10407: 10405: 10401: 10397: 10393: 10389: 10385: 10381: 10377: 10361: 10359: 10358: 10355: 10353: 10352: 10349: 10347: 10346: 10343: 10341: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10334: 10323: 10313: 10312: 10301: 10291: 10290: 10268: 10265: 10264: 10255: 10250: 10246: 10242: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10208: 10203: 10201: 10200: 10197: 10194: 10191: 10188: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10173: 10168: 10165: 10161: 10160: 10157: 10154: 10151: 10148: 10145: 10142: 10140: 10137: 10133: 10128: 10125: 10121: 10120: 10117: 10114: 10111: 10108: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10093: 10088: 10085: 10081: 10080: 10077: 10074: 10071: 10068: 10065: 10062: 10060: 10059:Faroe Islands 10057: 10053: 10048: 10045: 10041: 10040: 10037: 10034: 10031: 10028: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10013: 10008: 10005: 10001: 10000: 9997: 9994: 9991: 9988: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9973: 9968: 9965: 9961: 9960: 9957: 9954: 9951: 9948: 9945: 9942: 9939: 9936: 9932: 9927: 9924: 9920: 9919: 9916: 9913: 9910: 9907: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9896: 9892: 9887: 9885: 9884: 9881: 9878: 9874: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9860: 9857: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9838: 9830: 9827: 9826: 9823: 9821: 9817: 9813: 9809: 9805: 9801: 9797: 9793: 9789: 9785: 9776: 9773: 9770: 9767: 9764: 9762: 9759: 9755: 9750: 9747: 9743: 9742: 9739: 9736: 9733: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9724:South Ossetia 9722: 9718: 9713: 9710: 9706: 9705: 9701: 9700:northern part 9697: 9694: 9691: 9688: 9685: 9683: 9680: 9676: 9671: 9668: 9664: 9663: 9660: 9657: 9654: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9639: 9634: 9631: 9627: 9626: 9623: 9620: 9617: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9602: 9597: 9594: 9590: 9589: 9586: 9583: 9579: 9576: 9573: 9570: 9566: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9550: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9540: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9523: 9520: 9517: 9513: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9491: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9476: 9471: 9468: 9464: 9463: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9451: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9436: 9431: 9428: 9424: 9423: 9418: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9400: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9385: 9380: 9377: 9373: 9372: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9356: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9341: 9336: 9334: 9333: 9307: 9305: 9302: 9299: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9284: 9279: 9276: 9272: 9271: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9255: 9252: 9249: 9246: 9243: 9239: 9234: 9231: 9227: 9226: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9210: 9207: 9204: 9201: 9198: 9194: 9189: 9186: 9182: 9181: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9165: 9162: 9159: 9156: 9153: 9149: 9144: 9141: 9137: 9136: 9128: 9126: 9123: 9120: 9117: 9114: 9111: 9108: 9104: 9099: 9096: 9092: 9091: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9069: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9054: 9049: 9046: 9042: 9041: 9033: 9031: 9028: 9025: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9014: 9010: 9005: 9002: 8998: 8997: 8992: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8974: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8959: 8954: 8951: 8947: 8946: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8930: 8927: 8924: 8921: 8918: 8914: 8909: 8906: 8902: 8901: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8885: 8882: 8879: 8876: 8873: 8869: 8864: 8861: 8857: 8856: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8840: 8837: 8834: 8831: 8828: 8824: 8819: 8816: 8812: 8811: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8783: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8768: 8763: 8760: 8756: 8755: 8750: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8732: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8717: 8712: 8709: 8705: 8704: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8688: 8685: 8682: 8679: 8676: 8672: 8667: 8664: 8660: 8659: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8637: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8622: 8617: 8614: 8610: 8609: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8593: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8578: 8573: 8570: 8566: 8565: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8549: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8534: 8529: 8526: 8522: 8521: 8513: 8511: 8508: 8505: 8502: 8499: 8496: 8493: 8489: 8484: 8481: 8477: 8476: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8448: 8445: 8442: 8439: 8436: 8432: 8427: 8424: 8420: 8419: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8403: 8400: 8397: 8394: 8391: 8387: 8382: 8379: 8375: 8374: 8369:Liechtenstein 8366: 8364: 8361: 8358: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8349:Liechtenstein 8347: 8343: 8338: 8335: 8331: 8330: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8314: 8311: 8308: 8305: 8302: 8298: 8293: 8290: 8286: 8285: 8280: 8270: 8268: 8265: 8262: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8247: 8242: 8239: 8235: 8234: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8218: 8215: 8212: 8209: 8206: 8202: 8197: 8194: 8190: 8189: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8167: 8164: 8161: 8158: 8155: 8151: 8146: 8143: 8139: 8138: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8122: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8107: 8102: 8099: 8095: 8094: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8078: 8075: 8072: 8069: 8066: 8062: 8057: 8054: 8050: 8049: 8044: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8026: 8023: 8020: 8017: 8014: 8010: 8005: 8002: 7998: 7997: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7981: 7978: 7975: 7972: 7969: 7965: 7960: 7957: 7953: 7952: 7947: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7929: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7914: 7909: 7906: 7902: 7901: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7885: 7882: 7879: 7876: 7873: 7869: 7864: 7861: 7857: 7856: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7834: 7831: 7828: 7825: 7822: 7818: 7813: 7810: 7806: 7805: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7789: 7786: 7783: 7780: 7777: 7773: 7768: 7765: 7761: 7760: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7744: 7741: 7738: 7735: 7732: 7728: 7723: 7720: 7716: 7715: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7699: 7696: 7693: 7690: 7687: 7683: 7678: 7675: 7671: 7670: 7660: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7642: 7639: 7636: 7633: 7630: 7626: 7621: 7618: 7614: 7613: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7597: 7594: 7591: 7588: 7585: 7581: 7576: 7573: 7569: 7568: 7563: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7545: 7542: 7539: 7536: 7533: 7529: 7524: 7521: 7517: 7516: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7494: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7479: 7474: 7471: 7467: 7466: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7438: 7435: 7432: 7429: 7426: 7422: 7417: 7414: 7410: 7409: 7404: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7386: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7371: 7366: 7363: 7359: 7358: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7342: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7327: 7322: 7319: 7315: 7314: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7298: 7295: 7292: 7289: 7286: 7282: 7277: 7274: 7270: 7269: 7264: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7246: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7231: 7226: 7223: 7219: 7218: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7202: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7187: 7182: 7179: 7175: 7174: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7158: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7143: 7138: 7135: 7131: 7130: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7115: 7110: 7107: 7104: 7100: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7083: 7075: 7072: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7060: 7056: 7046: 7044: 7040: 7036: 7032: 7028: 7023: 7021: 7017: 7013: 7009: 7005: 7001: 7000:Schengen Area 6996: 6994: 6990: 6986: 6982: 6978: 6974: 6972: 6968: 6964: 6960: 6956: 6945: 6940: 6938: 6933: 6931: 6926: 6925: 6922: 6921:Euler diagram 6835: 6831: 6827: 6823: 6817: 6813: 6803: 6801: 6799: 6795: 6790: 6788: 6784: 6780: 6776: 6772: 6768: 6764: 6760: 6756: 6755:phytoplankton 6751: 6749: 6743: 6741: 6737: 6733: 6729: 6725: 6724:golden jackal 6721: 6717: 6713: 6705: 6701: 6697: 6693: 6688: 6684: 6682: 6678: 6674: 6670: 6666: 6662: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6638: 6634: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6614: 6610: 6605: 6595: 6593: 6589: 6585: 6581: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6565: 6561: 6557: 6553: 6549: 6544: 6542: 6538: 6533: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6508:deforestation 6499: 6495: 6493: 6489: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6473: 6469: 6465: 6461: 6457: 6452: 6450: 6446: 6437: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6387: 6383: 6379: 6375: 6371: 6367: 6362: 6360: 6359:late Tertiary 6356: 6351: 6347: 6343: 6339: 6335: 6331: 6327: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6303:Baltic Shield 6295: 6290: 6286: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6257: 6253: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6236: 6232: 6228: 6224: 6220: 6216: 6212: 6205: 6198: 6187: 6178: 6175: 6172: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6160: 6156: 6153: 6150: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6138: 6134: 6131: 6128: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6116: 6112: 6109: 6106: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6094: 6086: 6083: 6080: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6068: 6064: 6061: 6058: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6046: 6042: 6039: 6036: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6024: 6020: 6017: 6014: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6002: 5994: 5991: 5988: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5976: 5972: 5969: 5966: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5954: 5950: 5947: 5944: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5932: 5928: 5925: 5922: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5910: 5902: 5899: 5896: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5884: 5880: 5877: 5874: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5862: 5858: 5855: 5852: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5840: 5836: 5833: 5830: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5818: 5810: 5807: 5804: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5792: 5788: 5785: 5782: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5770: 5766: 5763: 5760: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5748: 5744: 5741: 5738: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5726: 5718: 5715: 5712: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5700: 5696: 5693: 5690: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5678: 5674: 5671: 5668: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5656: 5652: 5649: 5646: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5634: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5615: 5612: 5609: 5608: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5589: 5583: 5581: 5577: 5573: 5572:Sahara desert 5569: 5564: 5561: 5560:New York City 5557: 5552: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5525: 5516: 5507: 5498: 5488: 5479: 5470: 5469:alpine tundra 5461: 5451: 5447: 5442: 5432: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5413: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5386: 5377: 5372: 5362: 5360: 5359:Yugoslav Wars 5356: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5196: 5192: 5188: 5183: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5136: 5134: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5121:the Holocaust 5118: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5105:Eastern Front 5102: 5098: 5094: 5087: 5086:Joseph Stalin 5083: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5066: 5062: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5031: 5029: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4987: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4944: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4903:'s one-party 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4889:The Great War 4886: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4836:forced labour 4833: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4762: 4757: 4753: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4692: 4688: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4644: 4640: 4630: 4628: 4624: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4598: 4597:Great Britain 4594: 4586: 4585:Great Britain 4582: 4578: 4573: 4569: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4506: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4418: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4377: 4367: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4340: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4308: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4269: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4258:Ottoman Turks 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4230:Diet of Worms 4227: 4226: 4221: 4220: 4215: 4214:Martin Luther 4211: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4185: 4181: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4139:Indian Oceans 4136: 4132: 4131:Vasco da Gama 4129:in 1492, and 4128: 4124: 4120: 4115: 4111: 4106: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3979: 3969: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3946: 3945:The Decameron 3941: 3936: 3935:at the time. 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3909: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3847:(1220s–1240s) 3846: 3842: 3838: 3833: 3829: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3816: 3812: 3809:, during the 3808: 3804: 3798: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3765:called for a 3764: 3763:Pope Urban II 3760: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3740: 3739:Third Crusade 3737:, during the 3736: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3695:developed in 3694: 3689: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3678:Mediterranean 3675: 3670: 3668: 3664: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3614: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3551:Great Moravia 3548: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3367: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3344: 3340: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3249: Francia 3243: 3234: 3224:Europe c. 650 3220: 3210: 3206: 3200: 3196: 3186: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3151:Constantine I 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3119: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3100: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3069:North African 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3014: 3009: 3005: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2891: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2873: 2867: 2857: 2855: 2854:Olympic Games 2851: 2847: 2843: 2842:Mediterranean 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2787:Epigravettian 2784: 2779: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2752:burial mounds 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2704: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2649: 2644: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2633:interglacials 2630: 2626: 2622: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2595: 2591: 2586: 2578: 2577:Epigravettian 2568: 2558: 2554: 2549: 2538: 2528: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2509: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2497: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2463: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2448: 2446: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2410: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2362: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2349:Around 1715, 2347: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2296: 2289: 2285: 2280: 2276: 2266: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2233: 2232:Islamic world 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2208: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 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of Fire 27354:Indian Ocean 27344:Arctic Ocean 27286:Persian Gulf 27281:Indian Ocean 27262:Adriatic Sea 27227:Arctic Ocean 27059:Amazon Basin 27054:Amazon Plain 27026:Near Oceania 26831:Mid-Atlantic 26781:Aridoamerica 26741:Northwestern 26654:Northwestern 26627:Southeastern 26576: 26519:Greater Iran 26458:Southeastern 26453:Pacific Asia 26422:Pacific Asia 26410:Northeastern 26366:Asia–Pacific 26109:Fourth World 26099:Second World 25967: 25906: 25892: 25856:hypothesised 25846: 25814: 25732: 25663:Kazakhstania 25638:Congo Craton 25592: 25528:Prehistoric 25527: 25486: 25471: 25456: 25449:Afro-Eurasia 25441: 25403: 25388: 25380: 25373: 25358: 25343: 25328: 25313: 25237:Western Bloc 25037:AUSCANNZUKUS 24993:Contemporary 24942:Human rights 24788:Latin Church 24762:Christianity 24712: 24671:Conservatism 24516:contemporary 24353:Architecture 24289:World War II 24249:Emancipation 24244:Abolitionism 24132:Romanization 24127:Roman legacy 24108:Roman Empire 23557:Azerbaijanis 23449: 23437: 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Retrieved 13026: 13017: 12998: 12969: 12956: 12948: 12930: 12929: 12921:Danish Realm 12912: 12892: 12863: 12862: 12841: 12830: 12829: 12812: 12795: 12775: 12747: 12731: 12711: 12688:Sint Maarten 12671: 12654:Figures for 12650: 12629: 12616:include the 12612:Figures for 12608: 12596: 12583: 12582: 12536: 12535: 12517:Russia is a 12513: 12505: 12498:Transnistria 12492: 12491: 12406:Eurodistrict 12356: 12341: 12293: 12261: 12251:, as in the 12237:Roman Empire 12230: 12215:European art 12120: 12065: 12039: 12024: 11981: 11943: 11927:Christianity 11885:and various 11877:, including 11871:Christianity 11868: 11809:Christianity 11794: 11792: 11764: 11750:is the only 11605: 11517:Roman Empire 11502: 11454:South Africa 11403: 11395: 11380: 11350: 11313: 11301: 11286: 11252:Demographics 11231: 11219: 11208: 11201: 11192:Trepča Mines 11137: 11129:Soviet Union 11109: 11091:Fall of the 11073: 10796: 10782:millions of 10725: 10497: 10483:millions of 10462: 10451: 10428: 10408: 10372: 10036:Saint Helier 9781: 9761:Transnistria 9536: 9524:743,000,000 9496:Vatican City 9482:Vatican City 8972:144,526,636 8089:Magyarország 7062: 7024: 6997: 6975: 6952: 6802: 6791: 6769:, different 6752: 6744: 6709: 6618: 6545: 6504: 6453: 6445:Fennoscandia 6442: 6414: 6408:complex and 6363: 6311:Volgo–Uralia 6300: 6248:health risks 6184: 5584: 5576:Adriatic Sea 5565: 5553: 5529: 5414: 5382: 5331:central bank 5295:Vatican City 5273: 5237:Eastern bloc 5229:Iron Curtain 5214: 5185:The two new 5184: 5148:Iron Curtain 5137: 5113:fell in 1945 5090: 5057:, and other 5032: 4988: 4945: 4941:Nazi Germany 4937:Adolf Hitler 4882: 4873:Adolf Hitler 4869:Nazi Germany 4780:Soviet Union 4766: 4763:in 1914–1918 4720:, and later 4712:, Portugal, 4684: 4610:trade unions 4606:child labour 4590: 4579:(1840); the 4577:Temple Works 4549: 4518:Great Powers 4507: 4475:Great Powers 4451:nation state 4419: 4404: 4364:Isaac Newton 4344:New Monarchs 4341: 4312:Golden Horde 4309: 4291:of the vast 4270: 4223: 4217: 4207: 4125:reached the 4107: 4099:Michelangelo 4087:quattrocento 4035:new humanism 4028: 4015:Michelangelo 4005: 3943: 3937: 3910: 3881:Golden Horde 3850: 3818:fell in 1453 3799: 3744: 3690: 3671: 3660: 3649:of medieval 3567:Christianity 3559:East Francia 3536:Christianity 3530: 3503: 3368: 3364:Hagia Sophia 3345: 3341: 3262: 3161:(modern-day 3143:Christianity 3116: 3113:Roman Empire 3101: 3041:architecture 3018: 3013:Ancient Rome 2895: 2876:Ancient Rome 2780: 2764:Chalcolithic 2705: 2693:Riparo Mochi 2646: 2645: 2618: 2517:Eurocentrism 2510: 2494: 2471:Soviet Union 2464: 2449: 2422:Serafimovich 2411: 2378:Obshchy Syrt 2363: 2359:Irtysh River 2348: 2324:Kerch Strait 2301: 2287: 2258: 2236: 2209: 2186: 2163: 2120:Homeric Hymn 2115: 2113: 2105: 2041: 2037:Arctic Ocean 2029:Irtysh River 2013: 1986: 1918: 1908: 1899: 1888: 1875: 1864: 1855: 1844: 1833: 1824: 1815: 1804: 1793: 1782: 1771: 1762: 1753: 1744: 1736:Arctic Ocean 1733: 1726: 1717: 1708: 1699: 1669: 1558: 1472: 1446: 1390: 1333: 1262: 1252: 1248: 1241: 1128:Ōuluóbā zhōu 1104: 1096: 1051: 1043: 1011:has been an 1008: 929: 918: 894: 830: 794:Iron Curtain 782:Soviet Union 751: 725:. Since the 713:interest in 711:new humanist 680:ancient Rome 666: 615: 575:Afro-Eurasia 555:Arctic Ocean 538: 537: 526: 518: 510: 306:Dependencies 242:Christianity 110: 95: 86: 51: 27531:Global West 27491:Global East 27450:Pacific Rim 27392:waterbodies 27381:World Ocean 27206:New Zealand 27086:The Guianas 26975:Australasia 26918:West Indies 26846:New England 26826:Great Lakes 26796:Mesoamerica 26683:Middle East 26659:Scandinavia 26548:Middle East 26386:Caspian Sea 26292:Great Lakes 26272:Sub-Saharan 26258:Middle East 26121:Hemispheres 26104:Third World 26094:First World 26047:'s primary 25830:Novopangaea 25698:South China 25678:North China 25177:Open Balkan 24995:integration 24925:Rule of law 24920:Natural law 24897:Agnosticism 24875:Hellenistic 24853:Anglo-Saxon 24783:Catholicism 24722:Atlanticism 24627:Rationalism 24433:Immigration 24416:Esotericism 24274:World War I 24239:Romanticism 24219:Reformation 24199:Renaissance 24177:Middle Ages 24142:Christendom 24071:Foundations 23998:New Zealand 23795:Macedonians 23714:Lithuanians 23658:Belarusians 23562:Circassians 23504:and Ireland 23304:sovereignty 23302:of internal 23282:Isle of Man 23183:territories 23141:recognition 23099:Switzerland 23034:Netherlands 22737:Immigration 22301:Visa policy 22284:enlargement 22180:Open Balkan 22119:Integration 21962:Sovereignty 21908:World War I 21898:Middle Ages 20957:, Chapter I 20766:: 189–226. 20532:22 February 20428:21 December 20278:11 February 18294:19 December 18223:History.com 18185:. Vintage. 15827:Pounds 1979 15607:Pounds 1979 15230:25 December 14877:10550/42071 13876:27 December 12947:, although 12821:East Thrace 12676:Netherlands 12546:Isle of Man 12504:, although 12253:Reconquista 12241:Christendom 12042:irreligious 11903:Anabaptists 11895:Anglicanism 11891:Lutheranism 11819:No religion 11660:Azerbaijani 11529:Switzerland 11438:New Zealand 11387:immigration 11140:free-market 11135:(COMECON). 11093:Berlin Wall 11027:Netherlands 10728:Switzerland 10680:Netherlands 10422:across the 10411:Blue Banana 10179:Isle of Man 9521:10,180,000 9449:66,040,229 9398:42,418,235 9354:84,680,273 9290:Switzerland 9253:10,151,588 9208:48,797,875 8928:18,999,642 8883:10,379,537 8838:38,422,346 8686:17,271,990 8678:Netherlands 8260:20,075,271 8216:58,968,501 8024:10,297,760 7992:Deutschland 7979:82,800,000 7883:67,348,000 7697:10,610,947 7436:11,358,357 6771:crustaceans 6767:echinoderms 6759:zooplankton 6665:polar bears 6528:plantations 6520:rainforests 6484:Carpathians 6460:Gulf Stream 6410:Barents Sea 6390:Carpathians 6246:, bringing 5703:Arkhangelsk 5546:across the 5540:Gulf Stream 5398:Carpathians 5313:formed the 5241:Warsaw Pact 5187:superpowers 5176:Berlin Wall 5156:Warsaw Pact 5101:tank battle 5030:continued. 4984:appeasement 4968:Sudetenland 4840:Great Purge 4649:World War I 4595:started in 4583:started in 4575:Marshall's 4546:Balkan Wars 4536:(1804) and 4332:Nogai Horde 4322:frequently 4305:partitioned 4216:nailed his 4173:, allowing 4163:Netherlands 4091:cinquecento 4023:Renaissance 3988:Reformation 3984:Renaissance 3925:Black Death 3791:Reconquista 3783:Inquisition 3741:(1189–1192) 3709:Magna Carta 3682:Baltic Seas 3631:Middle Ages 3595:Kievan Rus' 3585:), and the 3555:Svatopluk I 3547:West Slavic 3518:Carolingian 3514:Charlemagne 3483:Reconquista 3356:Justinian I 3333:Renaissance 3263:During the 3073:Middle East 3037:engineering 2990:city states 2970:Hippocrates 2930:rationalism 2910:Cleisthenes 2838:Phoenicians 2760:Corded Ware 2689:Cro-Magnons 2621:Pleistocene 2600:15,000 BCE) 2441: 1773 2426:Arkhangelsk 2386:Ural Rivers 2374:Samara Bend 2351:Herman Moll 2328:Sea of Azov 2189:Middle Ages 2140:Rioni River 2132:Anaximander 2025:Herman Moll 1963:printed by 1961:T and O map 1959:A medieval 1930:Caspian Sea 1774:Barents Sea 913:Anaximander 806:Warsaw Pact 703:Middle Ages 690:in 476 CE, 654:Gulf Stream 624:, of which 599:Caspian Sea 334:Most common 248:No religion 27589:Continents 27578:Categories 27272:Ionian Sea 27267:Aegean Sea 27237:Baltic Sea 27169:Antarctica 27021:Micronesia 26990:New Guinea 26948:Portuguese 26871:West Coast 26821:East Coast 26816:Bible Belt 26811:Appalachia 26490:Subregions 26398:Inner Asia 26316:Antarctica 26216:Continents 26189:Antarctica 26164:Landmasses 26074:Down Under 26069:Arab World 26053:subregions 25966:See also: 25868:Hyperborea 25858:continents 25793:Seychelles 25778:Madagascar 25758:Doggerland 25653:Euramerica 25608:Asiamerica 25336:Antarctica 25289:Continents 25197:Rio Treaty 24708:Relativism 24666:Liberalism 24632:Empiricism 24584:Philosophy 24572:Secularism 24523:Philosophy 24460:Literature 24254:Capitalism 23854:Portuguese 23764:Bulgarians 23754:Aromanians 23719:Norwegians 23704:Icelanders 23673:Ukrainians 23622:Kashubians 23617:Hungarians 23069:San Marino 23029:Montenegro 23009:Luxembourg 22989:Kazakhstan 22894:Azerbaijan 22754:Retirement 22656:Philosophy 22651:Literature 22555:endangered 22448:per capita 22436:per capita 22424:per capita 22308:Statistics 22195:statistics 22109:Eurosphere 21883:Prehistory 21871:Chronology 21794:Quotations 21473:5 February 21448:5 February 21032:14 January 20331:Humanities 20268:jus.com.br 20189:1292425355 19627:Capitalism 19249:19 January 18949:: 180214. 18899:World Book 18089:19 January 18057:15 January 18019:15 January 16615:3 November 16607:. London. 16584:3 November 16308:. "Myslʹ. 16283:20 January 16272:Chronicles 16252:20 January 16203:20 January 16161:20 January 16118:20 January 16075:20 January 16033:20 January 15991:20 January 15949:20 January 15905:20 January 15863:20 January 15108:1502.02783 15035:Stonehenge 14102:, p. 178) 14088:Geographia 13339:4 February 13288:28 October 13180:16 January 13154:16 January 13128:16 January 13009:References 12905:Azerbaijan 12836:countries. 12752:Azerbaijan 12724:Ural River 12716:Kazakhstan 12523:North Asia 12421:Euroregion 12364:real wages 12284:Strasbourg 12133:megacities 12084:megacities 11973:Kazakhstan 11969:Azerbaijan 11887:Protestant 11875:Christians 11712:Mingrelian 11561:Lithuanian 11497:See also: 11466:Kazakhstan 11462:North Asia 11442:Cape Verde 11262:See also: 11178:, silver, 10813:27,125,247 10789:Peak Year 10514:19,226,235 10490:Peak Year 10437:share the 10424:Suez Canal 10376:wealth gap 10146:2,166,086 9871:Population 9866:Population 9820:Heligoland 9738:Tskhinvali 9652:1,920,079 9572:Population 9297:8,401,120 9163:2,066,880 9125:Bratislava 9118:5,435,343 9067:7,040,272 9036:San Marino 9030:San Marino 9016:San Marino 8969:3,969,100 8781:5,295,619 8730:2,103,721 8628:Montenegro 8547:3,434,547 8471:Luxembourg 8459:Lëtzebuerg 8438:Luxembourg 8401:2,800,667 8312:1,862,700 8253:Kazakhstan 8165:4,761,865 8076:9,797,561 7946:Sakartvelo 7940:საქართველო 7927:3,718,200 7832:5,509,717 7787:1,328,439 7749:Copenhagen 7742:5,748,796 7640:1,170,125 7595:3,871,833 7543:7,101,859 7492:3,531,159 7384:9,504,700 7353:Azərbaycan 7340:9,911,646 7333:Azerbaijan 7309:Österreich 7296:8,823,054 7244:2,924,816 7156:2,876,591 7112:Population 7106:Population 7025:The least 7018:, and the 6820:See also: 6720:arctic fox 6657:brown bear 6645:carnivores 6406:Baltic Sea 6398:Celtic Sea 6338:Euramerica 6244:heat waves 5843:Copenhagen 5524:dry steppe 5323:parliament 5243:and other 5225:Solidarity 5131:. Several 5028:Phoney War 5019:Winter War 4921:secularism 4879:, in 1940. 4786:, such as 4748:, and the 4647:See also: 4639:Modern era 4612:, and the 4602:first laws 4554:Montenegro 4380:See also: 4352:Copernicus 4234:Protestant 4061:, and the 4055:philosophy 3982:See also: 3801:defeat at 3773:occupying 3713:parliament 3635:See also: 3435:Al-Andalus 3379:Asia Minor 3360:legal code 3273:Ostrogoths 3203:See also: 3171:Theodosius 3118:pax romana 3045:government 3015:(years CE) 2986:Archimedes 2978:Pythagoras 2954:Thucydides 2922:philosophy 2914:democratic 2898:democratic 2870:See also: 2776:Stonehenge 2768:megalithic 2703:(France). 2609:Stonehenge 2542:Prehistory 2491:Emba River 2485:until the 2483:Ural River 2414:1745 atlas 2308:North Asia 2197:Posidonius 2128:Aegean Sea 2089:See also: 2062:continents 2057:Kazakhstan 1928:, and the 1926:Ural River 1836:Baffin Bay 1465:Kazakhstan 1229:See also: 1219:Definition 1195:Frangistan 1161:Ōshū Rengō 1065:Phoenician 954:Phoenician 849:federation 820:, and the 778:world wars 760:, and the 723:modern era 595:Ural River 454:Düsseldorf 400:Time zones 157:Population 27468:Antarctic 27252:Irish Sea 27242:Black Sea 27201:Australia 27150:Caribbean 27127:continent 27101:Patagonia 27031:Polynesia 27009:Melanesia 27002:Zealandia 26980:Australia 26866:Southwest 26786:Caribbean 26563:Near East 26204:submerged 26199:Zealandia 26194:Australia 26084:Old World 26079:New World 25939:Greenland 25803:Zealandia 25768:Jan Mayen 25753:Cathaysia 25673:Laurentia 25668:Laramidia 25658:Kalaharia 25613:Atlantica 25546:Kenorland 25366:Australia 25142:Five Eyes 25137:EU–UK TCA 24979:Democracy 24868:Old Norse 24757:Abrahamic 24714:Peritrope 24696:Tolerance 24676:Socialism 24506:Mythology 24494:Classical 24443:Languages 24421:Astrology 24269:Modernism 24083:Old World 24018:Venezuela 23978:Australia 23973:Argentina 23947:Corsicans 23934:Quebecois 23884:Galicians 23874:Canarians 23864:Asturians 23859:Spaniards 23806:Moldovans 23800:Romanians 23740:Albanians 23694:Estonians 23588:Austrians 23572:Georgians 23552:Armenians 23232:Gibraltar 23181:Dependent 23004:Lithuania 22747:by region 22607:sculpture 22562:Tattooing 22550:Languages 22540:Etiquette 22443:GDP (PPP) 22367:Transport 22237:Education 22225:relations 22052:Mountains 21983:Geography 21730:Geography 21318:9 January 21244:9 January 21157:9 January 21135:9 January 21062:West Asia 20469:159266278 20372:: 70–84. 20345:8 October 20310:18 August 19676:1 January 19612:21 August 19576:21 August 19421:23 August 19395:23 August 19100:6 October 18555:144307581 18434:4 January 17013:13 August 16692:(1990) . 15133:0028-0836 14830:249520231 14708:Atapuerca 14298:23 August 13976:Histories 13902:13 August 13845:157454140 13734:162196643 13726:0022-7498 13256:17 August 13196:"Reports" 12917:Greenland 12901:West Asia 12877:West Asia 12784:West Asia 12740:West Asia 12704:The Hague 12700:Amsterdam 12692:Caribbean 12690:, in the 12637:includes 12593:West Asia 12466:Modernity 12336:Barcelona 12131:European 12108:Barcelona 11915:Methodism 11799:Pew Forum 11620:Hungarian 11541:Gibraltar 11476:Languages 11434:Australia 11414:Argentina 11359:Migration 11238:recession 11196:Mitrovica 11031:1,398,445 11007:1,814,629 10983:2,553,108 10959:3,452,506 10935:3,831,533 10911:4,029,438 10885:4,169,071 10861:5,857,856 10837:6,452,309 10708:1,113,561 10684:1,142,513 10660:1,647,114 10636:2,292,470 10612:2,408,655 10588:3,130,014 10564:3,495,261 10538:4,591,100 10435:countries 10380:Northwest 10139:Greenland 10116:Gibraltar 10099:Gibraltar 9956:Mariehamn 9876:(per km) 9853:Sovereign 9581:(per km) 9260:Stockholm 9176:Slovenija 9170:Ljubljana 9131:Slovensko 8935:Bucharest 8699:Nederland 8693:Amsterdam 8654:Црна Гора 8648:Crna Gora 8642:Podgorica 8465:Luxemburg 8393:Lithuania 8279:Qazaqstan 8273:Қазақстан 8127:Reykjavík 7562:Bǎlgariya 7169:Shqipëria 7117:(per km) 6779:octopuses 6653:omnivores 6637:Neolithic 6584:grassland 6548:broadleaf 6514:forests, 6492:livestock 6488:Apennines 6480:Dinarides 6402:North Sea 6355:Greenland 6330:Laurentia 6071:Astrakhan 5821:Edinburgh 5751:Stockholm 5637:Reykjavík 5616:Longitude 5588:latitudes 5532:temperate 5365:Geography 5072:" at the 5070:Big Three 4960:Anschluss 4952:Rhineland 4901:Mussolini 4800:Lithuania 4777:communist 4568:in 1878. 4463:education 4318:from the 4127:New World 3966:epidemics 3962:virulence 3929:pandemics 3857:Pechenegs 3841:Batu Khan 3815:Byzantium 3803:Manzikert 3779:Holy Land 3775:Jerusalem 3693:Feudalism 3549:state of 3321:Pechenegs 3277:Visigoths 3205:Dark Ages 3159:Byzantium 3147:legalised 3089:Britannia 2966:Euripides 2962:Sophocles 2950:Herodotus 2934:Aristotle 2892:(432 BCE) 2886:Parthenon 2826:Myceneans 2724:Near East 2695:(Italy), 2665:Atapuerca 2567:Solutrean 2477:, on the 2430:John Cary 2334:(ancient 2320:Black Sea 2243:Byzantium 2193:Roman era 2156:River Don 2148:Herodotus 2136:Hecataeus 2068:—namely, 2044:East-West 1938:Black Sea 1900:Norwegian 1670:Far. (Dk) 1495:Lithuania 1391:Gib. (UK) 960:elements 909:world map 729:, led by 607:Black Sea 587:watershed 543:continent 469:Barcelona 376:Ukrainian 330:Languages 286:Sovereign 282:Countries 235:Religions 59:detected: 27:Continent 26995:Tasmania 26943:Hispanic 26806:Northern 26753:Germanic 26731:Atlantic 26673:Southern 26634:Northern 26600:Caucasus 26536:Dead Sea 26507:Caucasus 26475:Southern 26468:Maritime 26463:Mainland 26436:Northern 26417:Far East 26376:Aral Sea 26299:Southern 26243:Northern 25997:Category 25863:Atlantis 25848:Mythical 25783:Mauritia 25748:Beringia 25633:Cimmeria 25628:Chilenia 25618:Avalonia 25598:Amazonia 25581:Vaalbara 25566:Pannotia 25551:Laurasia 25541:Gondwana 25536:Columbia 25464:Americas 25202:Schengen 25132:Eurozone 24972:Property 24967:Religion 24858:Frankish 24848:Germanic 24828:Paganism 24749:Religion 24737:European 24649:Humanism 24552:Religion 24511:Painting 24477:Internet 24428:Folklore 24399:Clothing 24370:Calendar 24346:Cyrillic 24331:Alphabet 24294:Cold War 24003:Pakistan 23915:Walloons 23908:Flanders 23902:Belgians 23879:Catalans 23844:Italians 23769:Cypriots 23759:Bosnians 23746:Kosovars 23709:Latvians 23668:Russians 23637:Slovenes 23567:Chechens 23545:Caucasus 23531:Scottish 23439:Category 23424:Holy See 23374:Scotland 23344:Svalbard 23329:of 1921) 23265:Guernsey 23260:Alderney 23150:Abkhazia 23084:Slovenia 23079:Slovakia 23054:Portugal 22914:Bulgaria 22789:Category 22692:Armorial 22661:Religion 22602:painting 22291:Politics 22269:Eurozone 22093:Politics 22079:Villages 21957:Military 21950:By topic 21855:articles 21690:Geacron 21494:(2005). 21464:"Europe" 21439:"Europe" 21421:Archived 21409:Archived 21398:Archived 21385:Archived 21371:Archived 21349:26 March 21343:Archived 21296:Archived 21283:Archived 21270:Archived 21257:Archived 21252:Euronews 21222:Archived 21209:Archived 21196:Archived 21183:Archived 21170:Archived 21104:Archived 21092:Archived 21081:Archived 21068:Archived 21054:Archived 21023:Archived 20951:Archived 20923:Archived 20893:Archived 20860:Archived 20830:28 April 20804:29 April 20780:43189345 20725:28 April 20690:Archived 20660:28 April 20555:Archived 20526:Archived 20501:Archived 20473:Archived 20405:BBC News 20397:Archived 20272:Archived 20246:28 April 20194:28 April 20152:Archived 20147:(2002). 20128:Archived 20007:28 April 19984:Archived 19969:Eurostat 19961:Archived 19910:Archived 19885:28 April 19879:Archived 19851:Archived 19815:17 March 19809:Archived 19779:Archived 19759:Archived 19694:, p. 117 19670:Archived 19630:Archived 19510:Archived 19485:Archived 19364:. Europa 19325:84143178 19274:Archived 19270:BBC News 19185:Archived 19159:Archived 19123:"Europe" 18981:30375988 18875:Archived 18851:Archived 18824:29 March 18818:Archived 18786:Archived 18754:Archived 18750:BBC News 18703:12 March 18697:Archived 18607:Archived 18487:Archived 18456:Archived 18428:Archived 18424:BBC News 18398:Archived 18381:BBC News 18373:Archived 18288:Archived 18227:Archived 18152:Archived 18116:Archived 18080:Archived 18048:Archived 17951:Archived 17917:Archived 17892:Archived 17760:Archived 17740:Archived 17677:Archived 17658:Archived 17634:Archived 17596:Archived 17519:Archived 17342:(1989). 17276:(2006). 17222:24 March 17216:Archived 17189:Archived 17146:Archived 17120:Archived 17102:(2014). 17078:Archived 17060:(2004). 17033:Archived 17007:Archived 16968:Archived 16929:Archived 16638:Archived 16609:Archived 16578:Archived 16518:Archived 16488:Archived 16461:, 1995. 16457:London: 16438:Archived 16371:Archived 16320:Archived 16277:Archived 16210:century. 16197:Archived 16155:Archived 16112:Archived 16069:Archived 16027:Archived 15985:Archived 15899:Archived 15857:Archived 15664:conquest 15582:Archived 15543:Archived 15457:Archived 15397:(1981). 15365:(1981). 15307:Archived 15263:Archived 15151:25731166 14998:(1996). 14974:Archived 14943:22189428 14895:25341783 14822:35676354 14734:Archived 14701:Archived 14685:32726786 14677:12098694 14622:Archived 14570:36859578 14398:Archived 14375:"Europe" 14348:Archived 14292:Archived 14235:Archived 14152:Archived 14124:(2002). 14096:Archived 14071:Archived 13954:Archived 13923:Archived 13892:"Cyprus" 13862:"Europe" 13837:20029452 13765:Archived 13762:"Europe" 13738:Archived 13673:Archived 13643:Archived 13614:Archived 13575:Archived 13539:21 March 13533:BBC News 13490:Archived 13467:16 April 13461:Archived 13413:Archived 13361:. 1999. 13308:Archived 13304:"Europe" 13279:Archived 13247:Archived 13174:Archived 13148:Archived 13122:Archived 13031:Archived 12949:de facto 12869:Abkhazia 12801:achieved 12797:de facto 12788:Abkhazia 12614:Portugal 12597:de facto 12570:Alderney 12568:include 12560:. Other 12542:Guernsey 12506:de facto 12378:See also 12332:Camp Nou 12328:Football 12255:and the 12235:and the 12190:Istanbul 12088:Istanbul 12086:. While 12050:agnostic 12031:Buddhism 12027:Hinduism 11939:identity 11909:such as 11897:and the 11879:Catholic 11849:Hinduism 11839:Buddhism 11780:Religion 11708:Georgian 11658:include 11612:Estonian 11601:Albanian 11597:Armenian 11458:Russians 11234:Eurostat 11223:Eurozone 11148:Cold War 11104:Eurozone 10771:Country 10472:Country 10402:and the 10214:Svalbard 10143:Denmark 10076:Tórshavn 10063:Denmark 10029:100,080 9943:Finland 9804:Svalbard 9798:and two 9775:Tiraspol 9768:475,665 9689:313,626 9659:Pristina 9615:243,206 9608:Abkhazia 9539:de facto 9446:244,820 9395:603,628 9322:Svizzera 9250:450,295 9205:505,990 9155:Slovenia 9110:Slovakia 9074:Belgrade 8925:238,397 8896:Portugal 8875:Portugal 8835:312,685 8778:385,203 8635:642,550 8554:Chișinău 8510:Valletta 8503:445,426 8446:602,005 8257:148,000 8213:301,338 8120:350,710 8117:103,000 8083:Budapest 8021:131,957 7976:357,168 7880:547,030 7839:Helsinki 7829:338,455 7608:Hrvatska 7556:България 7540:110,910 7535:Bulgaria 7499:Sarajevo 7455:Belgique 7443:Brussels 7397:Беларусь 7381:207,560 7263:Hayastan 7257:Հայաստան 7004:Eurozone 6967:monarchy 6963:republic 6806:Politics 6783:dolphins 6781:, fish, 6763:molluscs 6669:Svalbard 6629:predator 6532:conifers 6524:Cork oak 6472:Pyrenees 6470:and the 6425:Avalonia 6382:Pyrenees 6350:Laurasia 6342:Gondwana 6326:Columbia 6242:such as 6163:Istanbul 6119:Valencia 6049:Belgrade 6005:Bordeaux 5935:Brussels 5865:Klaipėda 5773:Helsinki 5631:average 5613:Latitude 5610:Location 5419:and the 5394:Pyrenees 5385:Eurasian 5265:Budapest 5223:and the 5180:Cold War 5129:refugees 5061:forces. 4948:Saarland 4746:Bulgaria 4665:Cold War 4550:de facto 4289:hegemony 4283:and the 4159:Americas 4063:sciences 4043:monastic 4031:Florence 3890:Walachia 3886:Moldavia 3859:and the 3777:and the 3769:against 3705:monarchy 3703:and the 3701:nobility 3655:Crusades 3605:adopted 3543:1000 CE) 3510:Clovis I 3467:Asturias 3463:Pyrenees 3451:Frankish 3431:Pyrenees 3423:Asturias 3387:Caucasus 3337:Petrarch 3244:in 814: 3163:Istanbul 3141:tribes. 3139:Scottish 3131:Germanic 3109:Augustus 3065:Portugal 3057:Hispania 3033:language 3029:politics 2938:Socrates 2926:humanism 2730:and the 2722:and the 2720:Anatolia 2714:and the 2701:Isturitz 2641:Holocene 2625:glacials 2479:Kara Sea 2469:and the 2399:Voltaire 2376:, along 2357:and the 2355:Ob River 2330:and the 2035:and the 2033:Ob River 1997:Anatolia 1878:Atlantic 1856:Ligurian 1609:Slovakia 1574:Portugal 1328:Bulgaria 1175:katakana 1056:Akkadian 952:) was a 911:made by 804:and the 790:Cold War 784:and the 743:Americas 735:Portugal 492:– Europe 430:Istanbul 381:Romanian 319:Internal 310:External 295:De facto 276:European 27196:Oceania 27184:by area 27140:America 27117:Islands 26967:Oceania 26836:Midwest 26791:Central 26758:Romance 26726:Western 26595:Balkans 26590:Eastern 26585:Central 26553:Mashriq 26497:Western 26441:Siberia 26393:Eastern 26371:Central 26304:Western 26277:Central 26253:Mashriq 26248:Maghreb 26238:Saharan 26184:America 26177:Eurasia 26049:regions 25883:Meropis 25878:Lemuria 25693:Siberia 25643:Cuyania 25623:Baltica 25603:Arctica 25571:Rodinia 25561:Pangaea 25494:Oceania 25479:Eurasia 25047:Benelux 24952:Thought 24902:Atheism 24843:Finnish 24819:Culture 24814:Judaism 24776:Eastern 24772:Western 24767:Culture 24701:Paradox 24567:Decline 24528:Science 24404:History 24392:Studies 24375:Cuisine 24363:Periods 24323:Culture 24152:History 24118:Eastern 24113:Western 24064:culture 24013:Tunisia 23993:Morocco 23968:America 23942:Bretons 23869:Basques 23849:Maltese 23632:Slovaks 23603:Germans 23516:English 23511:Cornish 23502:Britain 23369:England 23312:Finland 23192:Denmark 23109:Ukraine 23059:Romania 23019:Moldova 22979:Ireland 22974:Iceland 22969:Hungary 22959:Germany 22954:Georgia 22944:Finland 22939:Estonia 22934:Denmark 22919:Croatia 22904:Belgium 22899:Belarus 22889:Austria 22884:Armenia 22879:Andorra 22874:Albania 22773:Outline 22688:Symbols 22676:Judaism 22641:Cuisine 22589:Culture 22577:Erasmus 22523:Society 22342:History 22326:Economy 22279:Members 22220:Economy 22057:Regions 22042:Islands 22037:Geology 22022:Climate 21863:History 21704:Portals 21641:at the 21630:at the 21486:Sources 21341:. FAO. 20899:30 July 20869:30 July 20696:30 July 20220:10 June 20110:10 June 19981:CIA.gov 19785:30 July 19745:, p. 23 19732:, p. 29 19491:30 July 19461:19 July 19368:29 June 19305:Bibcode 19280:30 July 19139:10 June 19095:Reuters 18972:6207062 18951:Bibcode 18909:16 June 18792:30 July 18781:El Pais 18760:16 July 18547:1405220 18493:9 March 18462:30 July 18233:26 July 18161:30 July 18125:30 July 17957:30 July 17898:30 July 17813:10 June 17766:11 July 17721:12 June 17593:Slavery 17259:2144276 17195:30 July 17126:30 July 17084:30 July 16935:30 July 16668:(1969) 16549:1 April 16404:10 June 16383:, 2007. 16352:10 June 16326:30 July 15588:30 July 15549:30 July 15463:30 July 15429:, 1993. 15313:30 July 15269:30 July 15188:Science 15142:5048219 15113:Bibcode 15041:, 1956) 15002:(ed.). 14980:30 July 14923:Bibcode 14886:4753769 14857:Bibcode 14800:Bibcode 14740:30 July 14657:Bibcode 14649:Science 14628:30 July 14598:30 July 14561:9977688 14540:Bibcode 14404:30 July 14244:30 July 14158:30 July 14004:Strabo 13771:in the 13747:30 July 13679:30 July 13649:30 July 13620:30 July 13581:30 July 13499:30 July 13419:30 July 13314:30 July 13210:21 July 13102:17 July 13068:17 July 13037:30 July 12945:Ukraine 12881:Georgia 12854:unclear 12780:Georgia 12762:of the 12760:exclave 12736:Armenia 12684:Curaçao 12662:: some 12622:Madeira 12556:of the 12288:Trieste 12227:(StAGN) 12199:Culture 12046:atheist 12016:Germany 11963:and in 11949:Albania 11933:of the 11929:played 11821:(18.3%) 11811:(76.2%) 11801:, 2016 11748:Maltese 11728:Chechen 11720:Georgia 11680:Chuvash 11676:Bashkir 11668:Turkish 11652:Hungary 11648:Finland 11644:Estonia 11616:Finnish 11585:Cornish 11567:group ( 11563:), the 11557:Latvian 11555:group ( 11549:English 11537:Moldova 11533:Romania 11515:of the 11410:Uruguay 11404:Today, 11188:bauxite 11166:One of 11095:in 1989 11055:912,852 11051:Romania 10857:Germany 10756:844,623 10732:938,458 10534:Germany 10458:Ukraine 10392:Eastern 10235:Economy 10221:61,022 10218:Norway 10196:Douglas 10189:83,314 10149:55,877 10109:32,194 10069:50,778 9989:65,849 9949:29,489 9880:Capital 9873:density 9731:53,532 9696:Nicosia 9649:10,908 9622:Sukhumi 9585:Capital 9417:Ukraina 9411:Україна 9391:Ukraine 9367:Türkiye 9351:23,764 9310:Schweiz 9294:41,285 9266:Sverige 9160:20,273 9115:49,035 9064:88,361 9023:33,285 8991:Rossiya 8941:România 8920:Romania 8880:92,212 8727:25,713 8683:41,543 8632:13,812 8594:18,713 8591:38,400 8560:Moldova 8544:33,846 8540:Moldova 8414:Lietuva 8408:Vilnius 8398:65,300 8356:38,111 8325:Latvija 8309:64,589 8184:Ireland 8162:70,280 8157:Ireland 8113:Iceland 8073:93,030 8068:Hungary 7971:Germany 7934:Tbilisi 7924:69,700 7920:Georgia 7851:Finland 7824:Finland 7794:Tallinn 7784:45,226 7779:Estonia 7755:Danmark 7739:43,094 7734:Denmark 7694:78,866 7647:Nicosia 7592:56,594 7587:Croatia 7489:51,129 7461:Belgien 7439:372.06 7433:30,528 7428:Belgium 7403:Belaruś 7377:Belarus 7337:86,600 7293:83,858 7288:Austria 7251:Yerevan 7241:29,743 7237:Armenia 7213:Andorra 7200:77,281 7193:Andorra 7153:28,748 7149:Albania 7121:Capital 7114:density 7031:Belarus 7012:Benelux 6728:martens 6716:red fox 6704:Belarus 6592:Ukraine 6541:Iceland 6417:Baltica 6334:Rodinia 6319:Baltica 6279:Geology 6258:and an 6097:Coimbra 5729:Lerwick 5624:Hottest 5619:Coldest 5580:Trieste 5435:Climate 5425:Iceland 5355:Ukraine 5311:Euratom 5287:Belarus 5269:Trieste 5231:at the 5217:reforms 5164:Trieste 4956:Austria 4913:Atatürk 4911:and in 4905:fascist 4792:Estonia 4788:Finland 4742:Germany 4730:Romania 4706:Belgium 4562:Romania 4542:Balkans 4530:Britain 4503:Germany 4483:Austria 4479:Prussia 4360:Galileo 4273:decline 4260:at the 4250:Germany 4114:Avignon 4095:Raphael 4067:royalty 4011:Raphael 3954:beggars 3869:Eurasia 3824:by the 3771:Muslims 3767:crusade 3757:in the 3589:(later 3579:Kingdom 3577:(later 3475:Galicia 3457:at the 3453:leader 3329:Magyars 3317:Vikings 3313:Bulgars 3285:Vandals 3135:Pictish 3093:England 3087:), and 3085:Belgium 3067:), the 2946:history 2799:Yamnaya 2716:Balkans 2681:Germany 2657:hominin 2653:Georgia 2611:in the 2590:Lascaux 2579:culture 2569:culture 2531:History 2513:Eurasia 2312:Eurasia 2304:Muscovy 2205:Ptolemy 2176:at the 2144:Georgia 2074:Melilla 1989:Iceland 1977:Japheth 1845:Gulf of 1805:Caspian 1685:Armenia 1662:Kingdom 1653:Ukraine 1581:Romania 1544:N. Mac. 1537:Nether. 1516:Moldova 1458:S. Mar. 1434:Ireland 1427:Iceland 1420:Hungary 1406:Georgia 1399:Germany 1376:Finland 1369:Estonia 1362:Denmark 1346:Croatia 1336:Channel 1307:Belarus 1293:Austria 1286:Andorra 1179:Yōroppa 1087:ma'arav 1078:maghreb 1035:Europos 1031:toponym 1013:epithet 921:Maritsa 885:India's 808:in the 800:in the 796:, with 747:Oceania 719:science 630:largest 628:is the 589:of the 585:by the 571:Eurasia 366:Spanish 361:Italian 351:English 341:Russian 271:Demonym 250:(18.3%) 244:(76.2%) 27584:Europe 27483:Global 27473:Arctic 27412:Rivers 27390:Other 27324:Oceans 27179:Europe 27135:Africa 26928:French 26801:Middle 26763:Slavic 26748:Celtic 26649:Nordic 26639:Baltic 26577:Europe 26531:Levant 26225:Africa 26061:Worlds 25919:Arabia 25914:Alaska 25854:, and 25825:Aurica 25820:Amasia 25683:Pampia 25381:Europe 25321:Africa 25067:CANZUK 24957:Speech 24885:Slavic 24863:Gothic 24838:Celtic 24833:Baltic 24732:Values 24533:Values 24093:Greece 23988:Canada 23983:Brazil 23928:French 23790:Greeks 23724:Swedes 23598:Croats 23593:Czechs 23337:Norway 23155:Kosovo 23104:Turkey 23094:Sweden 23074:Serbia 23064:Russia 23049:Poland 23044:Norway 23024:Monaco 22994:Latvia 22964:Greece 22949:France 22924:Cyprus 22858:Europe 22794:Portal 22715:Ageing 22624:Cinema 22357:Energy 22062:Rivers 22017:Cities 21853: 21851:Europe 21738:Europe 21718:Europe 21628:Europe 21619:Europe 21601: 21580: 21559: 21537: 21518: 21502: 21415:, and 21204:UNICEF 21191:UNESCO 20975: 20778: 20629: 20604: 20579: 20467: 20187: 20177: 19943:2 June 19916:10 May 19712: 19323: 19223:9 June 19191:9 June 19165:9 June 19040:9 July 19009:EDJNet 18979: 18969: 18872:Europe 18857:28 May 18846:ft.com 18553: 18545: 18359:, 439. 18347:, 519. 18335:, 511. 18323:, 532. 18311:, 510. 18265: 18208:, 438. 18189: 17988: 17943: 17884: 17864:, 443. 17845: 17792:, 440. 17576: 17551: 17500: 17444: 17419: 17390: 17356: 17313: 17284: 17257: 17181: 17157: 17112: 17070: 17044: 16857: 16806: 16735: 16702: 16676: 16653: 16515:Famine 16465: 16422: 16377:", in 16312: 16243: 16189: 16147: 16104: 16061: 16019: 15977: 15940: 15891: 15849: 15758: 15574: 15535: 15512: 15449: 15405: 15377: 15336: 15299: 15255: 15149: 15139: 15131: 15094:Nature 15066: 15014: 14966: 14941: 14893: 14883: 14849:Nature 14828: 14820: 14792:Nature 14683: 14675: 14568: 14558: 14531:Nature 14495: 14471: 14446: 14383:, 1906 14284: 14197: 14144: 14093:vol. 2 14068:p. 738 14062: 14025: 13985:p. 244 13960:9 June 13933: 13843: 13835: 13797: 13732: 13724: 13706:Kadmos 13606: 13567: 13405: 13365: 13092:(XSLX) 12850:Serbia 12846:Kosovo 12817:Turkey 12686:, and 12656:France 12643:Kosovo 12639:Kosovo 12635:Serbia 12618:Azores 12589:Cyprus 12550:Jersey 12548:, and 12544:, the 12302:, the 12298:, the 12280:Celtic 12276:Basque 12264:Slavic 12162:London 12148:Moscow 12114:, and 12112:Berlin 12096:Madrid 12076:London 12072:Moscow 12020:Russia 12004:France 11984:Jewish 11961:Turkey 11917:, and 11861: 11855: 11851:(0.2%) 11847: 11845: 11841:(0.2%) 11837: 11835: 11831:(4.9%) 11827: 11825: 11817: 11815: 11807: 11805: 11756:Basque 11744:Adyghe 11738:; and 11736:Lezgin 11664:Kazakh 11640:Udmurt 11636:Moksha 11589:Breton 11565:Celtic 11553:Baltic 11519:; the 11422:Brazil 11270:, and 11209:After 11184:cobalt 11180:nickel 11172:mining 11168:Kosovo 11117:Franco 11048: 11024: 11003:Poland 11000: 10976: 10952: 10931:Turkey 10928: 10903: 10881:France 10878: 10854: 10833:Russia 10830: 10804: 10752:Poland 10749: 10704:Turkey 10701: 10677: 10653: 10632:Russia 10629: 10605: 10584:France 10581: 10556: 10531: 10505: 10454:Monaco 10247:, and 10224:2,667 10152:0.028 10112:4,328 10066:1,399 10026:118.2 9992:844.0 9952:18.36 9946:1,580 9908:7,700 9855:state 9841:Symbol 9765:4,163 9728:3,900 9686:3,355 9645:Kosovo 9612:8,660 9552:Symbol 9515:Total 9492:2,272 9489:1,000 9456:London 9452:270.7 9361:Ankara 9357:106.7 9347:Turkey 9328:Svizra 9316:Suisse 9245:Sweden 9221:España 9215:Madrid 9166:101.8 9121:111.0 9086:Србија 9080:Srbija 9060:Serbia 8985:Россия 8979:Moscow 8965:Russia 8890:Lisbon 8851:Polska 8845:Warsaw 8841:123.5 8830:Poland 8774:Norway 8737:Skopje 8689:414.9 8604:Monaco 8598:Monaco 8588:2.020 8584:Monaco 8550:101.5 8506:1,410 8449:233.7 8443:2,586 8304:Latvia 8267:Astana 8229:Italia 8219:195.7 8172:Dublin 8133:Ísland 8079:105.3 8043:Elláda 8037:Ελλάδα 8031:Athens 8016:Greece 7986:Berlin 7896:France 7875:France 7745:133.9 7704:Prague 7665:Kıbrıs 7659:Kýpros 7653:Κύπρος 7643:123.4 7637:9,251 7632:Cyprus 7602:Zagreb 7495:68.97 7449:België 7303:Vienna 7247:101.5 7203:179.8 7163:Tirana 7039:Turkey 7037:, and 7035:Russia 7014:, the 7010:, the 6987:. The 6832:, and 6787:whales 6775:squids 6730:, the 6722:, the 6700:Poland 6647:) and 6641:wolves 6588:steppe 6572:tundra 6560:spruce 6456:forest 6404:, the 6400:, the 6370:plains 6346:Pangea 6145:40.5 N 6141:Naples 6123:39.5 N 6031:45.5 N 6027:Venice 5983:50.5 N 5957:Kraków 5939:50.5 N 5891:55.5 N 5887:Moscow 5869:55.5 N 5847:55.5 N 5825:55.5 N 5755:59.5 N 5710:40.5 E 5707:64.5 N 5688:25.5 E 5629:Annual 5556:Aveiro 5522: 5513: 5504: 5495: 5485: 5476: 5467: 5460:tundra 5458: 5450:Biomes 5345:. The 5309:, and 5297:. The 5293:, and 5291:Russia 5261:Vienna 5257:Prague 5253:Berlin 5239:, the 5160:Berlin 5059:allied 5023:Narvik 5009:. The 4995:Danzig 4991:Poland 4834:to do 4832:Gulags 4828:kulaks 4820:Stalin 4816:famine 4796:Latvia 4726:Greece 4716:, the 4714:Russia 4710:Serbia 4702:France 4667:, and 4558:Serbia 4495:formed 4465:. The 4388:, and 4356:Kepler 4324:raided 4316:Tatars 4301:Deluge 4287:. The 4075:Medici 3994:, and 3958:lepers 3921:France 3917:crisis 3877:Tatars 3865:Slavic 3853:Turkic 3837:Suzdal 3789:, the 3747:Papacy 3697:France 3629:, and 3583:Empire 3573:, the 3569:: the 3500:in 843 3494:Viking 3473:, and 3427:Basque 3419:Muslim 3415:Iberia 3405:, and 3403:Sicily 3391:Cyprus 3327:, and 3325:Cumans 3301:Saxons 3297:Angles 3293:Franks 3081:France 3053:Greece 2984:, and 2982:Euclid 2932:under 2918:Athens 2890:Athens 2850:Greece 2834:Greeks 2758:. The 2728:Danube 2712:Greece 2685:Poland 2594:France 2575: 2573: 2565: 2563: 2467:Russia 2336:Tanais 2326:, the 2322:, the 2318:, the 2263:Alcuin 2259:Europa 2251:Iberia 2214:, the 2203:, and 2201:Strabo 2160:Strabo 2116:Eurṓpē 2078:Africa 2053:Russia 1936:, the 1924:, the 1816:Celtic 1785:Biscay 1783:Bay of 1756:Aegean 1745:Baltic 1692:Cyprus 1660:United 1646:Turkey 1639:erland 1637:Switz- 1630:Sweden 1602:Serbia 1588:Russia 1567:Poland 1551:Norway 1488:Liech. 1481:Latvia 1413:Greece 1383:France 1321:Bosnia 1212:Evropa 1206:Avrupa 1201:Franks 1110:Ōuzhōu 1105:Europa 1100:Eurṓpē 1083:Hebrew 1074:Arabic 1047:Eurṓpē 1004:Eurṓpē 949:Eurṓpē 944:Εὐρώπη 936:Europa 925:Thrace 871:and a 847:and a 816:, the 756:, the 705:. 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