367:
643:
620:
derived from this preliminary studies, a Smart UTM Design is drafted in alignment with the U-Space concept, which describes a framework for a progressive implementation of services to "enable complex drone operations with a high degree of automation to take place in all types of operational environments, including urban areas". Subsequently, specific microservices will be prototyped and laboratory scale tested in a server-less cloud-based environment.
675:
Open access to scientific peer reviewed publications has evolved from a pilot project with limited scope in FP7 to an underlying principle in the
Horizon 2020 funding scheme, obligatory for all H2020 funded projects. The goal is to make as much European funded research output as possible available to
97:
The framework programmes, up until
Framework Programme 6 (FP6), covered five-year periods; but from Framework Programme 7 (FP7) onward, programmes run for seven years. The Framework Programmes, and their budgets in billions of Euros, are presented in the table below. For FP1–FP5, program expenditures
877:
Decision No 1513/2002/EC of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 27 June 2002 concerning the sixth framework programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities, contributing to the creation of the European Research Area and to innovation
331:
NoE projects require the minimum participation of three EU member-nations, however, the commission expected projects would usually involve at least six countries. Projects are provided grants for a maximum of seven years. The budget granted by the
Commission is €1–6 million per year depending
619:
paradigm and Smart
Concepts. Concurrently, data quality and integrity is taken into account to guarantee a safe conduct of all operations. To fulfil these purposes, the project started to characterize data processes and services of vital importance for drone operations. Following the requirements
382:
80 billion of funding, an increase of 23 per cent on the previous phase. The ERC, as one component of H2020, funded 6,707 research projects worth a total of €13.3 billion. From 2013 to 2020 the EU's
European Research Council assigned to UK scientists €1.7bn in grants, more than any other country.
343:
Medium-sized research projects funded by the
European Commission in the FP6 and FP7 funding programs. STReP projects involve a minimum of three partners coming from three countries from Associated states. The typical duration of such projects is two to three years. In FP6, they generally involved
386:
Horizon 2020 provided grants to research and innovation projects through open and competitive calls for proposals. Legal entities from any country were eligible to submit project proposals to these calls. Participation from outside the
European Union was explicitly encouraged. Participants from
72:
The specific objectives and actions vary between funding periods. In FP6 and FP7, focus was on technological research. In
Horizon 2020, the focus was on innovation, delivering economic growth faster, and delivering solutions to end users that are often governmental agencies.
526:
Associated countries have signed an association agreement for the purposes of this framework programme. To date, 14 countries are associated to
Horizon 2020. Participants from European Union member states and countries associated to Horizon 2020 are automatically funded.
299:
but can join several tens of partners. The typical duration of such projects is three to five years but there is not a defined upper limit. The budget granted by the Commission can reach several tens of million euros, paid as a fraction of the actual costs spent by the
602:
The expected growth of future UAS movements in rural as well as urban areas indicates the need for traffic management solutions, ensuring a normal course of trouble free operations of manned as well as unmanned aviation. IMPETUS contributes by investigating potential
327:
Medium-sized research projects co-funded by the European Commission in FP6 and FP7. These projects are "designed to strengthen scientific and technological excellence on a particular research topic through the durable integration of the research capacities of the
421:(ERA) by coordinating national research policies and pooling research funding in some areas to avoid duplication. Horizon 2020 itself is seen as a policy instrument to implement other high-level policy initiatives of the European Union, such as
537:
held by Switzerland, which free movement of workers between Switzerland and the EU was limited. Swiss organizations continue to be active participants in Horizon 2020, however, their participation is sometimes covered by national funding.
859:
Decision No 182/1999/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 December 1998 concerning the fifth framework programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (1998 to
841:
Decision No 1110/94/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 April 1994 concerning the fourth framework programme of the European Community activities in the field of research and technological development and
611:
is an infrastructural prerequisite of future unmanned traffic systems, the results support the European goal to gain in prosperity by means of the job and business opportunities of an emerging drone service market.
85:, which includes a chapter on research and technological development. The programmes are defined by Commission civil servants that are aided by various official advisory group and lobby groups. E.g. to advise the
374:
Horizon 2020 was the eighth framework programme (FP8) funding research, technological development, and innovation. The programme's name has been modified to "Framework Programme for Research and Innovation".
714:, there are significant simplifications: e.g. fewer funding rates (increasing the funding rates of the large companies), less reporting, less auditing, shorter time from proposal to project kick-off. In a
698:
The programmes have been criticized on various grounds, such as actually diminishing Europe's industrial competitiveness and failing to deliver fundamental excellence and global economic competitiveness.
436:
706:
launched a petition calling for a simplification of administrative procedures, which attracted over 13,000 signatories. The numerous other criticisms of the petitioners were later distilled into a
335:
An NoE project should not strictly be considered as a research project, since its aim is not to conduct research, but rather to contribute to the clarification of the concepts in the covered field.
488:
89:
on the overall strategy to be followed in carrying out the Information and Communication Technology thematic priority, the Information Society Technologies Advisory Group (ISTAG) was set up.
966:
17:
1477:
1331:
442:
The third pillar funds potential solutions to social and economic problems, "Societal challenges" (SC). The goal is implementation of solutions, less on technology development.
599:(UAS) in very low level airspace. As a result, technologically and commercially feasible service solutions are elaborated and deployed in an experimental testing environment.
1363:
672:
Its successor OpenAIREplus is aimed at linking the aggregated research publications to the accompanying research and project information, datasets and author information.
607:
that serve the airspace user's needs in all phases of the operation life cycle, from strategical planning over pre-flight, in-flight and post-flight data provision. Since
439:
and based on Europe 2020 and Innovation Union strategies. The goal is to find ways to modernize European industries that have suffered from a fragmented European market.
790:
Council resolution of 25 July 1983 on framework programmes for Community research, development and demonstration activities and a first framework programme 1984 to 1987
807:
Council Decision of 28 September 1987 concerning the framework programme for Community activities in the field of research and technological development (1987 to 1991)
987:
269:
554:
gained the status of associated country and Armenian researchers and organizations can participate in all Horizon programs on equal footing with EU member states.
824:
Council Decision of 23 April 1990 concerning the framework Programme of Community activities in the field of research and technological development (1990 to 1994)
1801:
1586:
295:
Medium- to large-sized collaborative research projects funded in FP6 and FP7. They are composed of a minimum of three partners coming from three countries from
265:
450:
453:, which is aimed at defining and turning into reality a transformative agenda for greening the economy and the society as a whole so as to achieve a truly
736:
1980:
1552:
1170:
Joint Technology Initiatives (JTI) are initiatives emerging from European technology platforms and are financed partly by FP7 funds and by industry.
483:
1503:
1103:
1040:
1466:
1389:
355:
1320:
780:
Artis, M. J. and F. Nixson, Eds. "The Economics of the European Union: Policy and Analysis" (4th ed.), Oxford University Press 2007
495:
1356:
882:
864:
846:
828:
811:
794:
630:
Altitude Angel (UK), Boeing Research and Technology Europe (ES), C-Astral (SI), CRIDA (ES), INECO (ES), Jeppesen (DE) and the
446:
The structure follows the previous framework programme (FP7, 2007–2013) to the level of the sub-programmes under the pillars.
1975:
595:
ystems) is addressing the scientific analysis of information management requirements for a safe and efficient integration of
1692:
311:
with a focus on "addressing major needs in society" defined by the Priority Themes of the Framework Programme. Like STRePs
1666:
631:
1775:
703:
261:
1618:
1182:
1812:
1636:
1593:
1570:
1302:
1156:
316:
627:, IMPETUS is carried out from 2017 to 2019 by a multinational consortium of key stakeholders in unmanned aviation:
218:
354:. A specific action was the FIRST project, to foster cooperation in the area of internet technologies through the
755:
544:
is an associated country of Horizon 2020. A central point of negotiation was the funding of projects beyond the
1804:"From Challenges to Opportunities: Towards a Common Strategic Framework for EU Research and Innovation funding"
1259:
81:
Conducting European research policies and implementing European research programmes is an obligation under the
895:
720:
article in December 2020, Horizon 2020 is praised for being less bureaucratic than past framework programmes.
1985:
395:
723:
In 2021, the European Commission services introduced several simplifications in the new framework programme
789:
1121:"Guide for applicants (Collaborative projects - Small and Medium-scale focused Research Projects - STREP)"
1434:"EXaSCale smArt pLatform Against paThogEns for Corona Virus | EXSCALATE4CoV Project | Fact Sheet | H2020"
1407:
1120:
1652:
876:
858:
840:
823:
806:
939:
662:
649:
A network of Open Access repositories, archives and journals that support Open Access policies. The
506:
500:
1099:
1047:
432:
The first pillar, "Excellent Science", focuses on basic science. It has a budget of 24 billion euro.
387:
European Union member states and countries associated to Horizon 2020 were automatically fundable.
344:
between six and 15 partners. The budget granted by the Commission is in average around €2 million.
918:
624:
615:
Ensuring a scalable, flexible and cost efficient system, IMPETUS proposes the application of the
596:
454:
435:
The second pillar is "Industrial Leadership", with a budget of 14 billion euro. It is managed by
65:
The funding programmes began in 1984 and continue to the present day. The most recent programme,
1749:. House of Lords Select Committee on the European Communities, 12th Report. London: HMSO (1994).
1776:"Cerexhe receives petition for the simplification of administrative procedures for researchers"
1210:
608:
534:
418:
319:
to ascertain the translation of research results into commercially viable products or services.
99:
55:
616:
1850:
1281:
1001:
512:
1233:
8:
1124:
1076:
545:
477:
466:
86:
51:
1854:
1949:
1924:
1874:
1667:"IMPETUS - Information Management Portal to Enable the Integration of Unmanned Systems"
1646:
1508:
1205:
1145:
OECD (24 October 2008). "2: Main trends in Science, Technology and Innovation policy".
1954:
1878:
1866:
1838:
1632:
1566:
1152:
1587:"Warsaw Declaration: "Drones as a leverage for jobs and new business opportunities""
1944:
1936:
1858:
1624:
1558:
1441:
716:
658:
351:
296:
82:
690:
research data repository is a product of OpenAIRE. The OpenAIRE portal is online.
102:; from FP6 onward budgets were in Euros. The values presented below are in Euros.
1920:
1700:
1146:
1107:
1016:"CORDIS Archive : CORDIS FP6: What is FP6: Instruments: Integrated Projects"
727:, to facilitate the work of the beneficiaries especially in the reporting phase.
308:
1530:
1433:
1862:
724:
470:
428:
The programme consists of three main research areas that are called "pillars":
406:
304:
284:
Framework Programme 6 and 7 (2002–2013) projects were generally funded through
246:
66:
47:
1670:
1969:
1940:
1306:
604:
399:
1811:. Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG), Vienna. May 2011. Archived from
1779:
1072:
1958:
1870:
1015:
711:
642:
229:
1925:"Europe's 'Horizon 2020' science funding programme: how is it shaping up?"
707:
665:
530:
422:
391:
350:
Note also the FP7 Joint Technology Initiatives (JTI) in partnership with
548:. Israel published its views in an Appendix to the official documents.
489:
Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology
473:. More specifically, it is implemented by various agencies, including:
1445:
1390:"European Commission Declares €8 Billion Investment in Supercomputing"
1531:"The EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation HORIZON 2020"
759:
69:, has a budget of 95.5 billion Euros to be distributed over 7 years.
1183:"FIRST: Platform technology between Europe and Latin America — OVTT"
366:
1628:
1562:
1554:
European drones outlook study : unlocking the value for Europe
1206:"'Triple miracle' sees huge rise in EU funds for frontier research"
1623:. SESAR Joint Undertaking. Publications Office. 21 November 2017.
551:
687:
541:
32:
Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development
378:
The programme ran from 2014 to 2020 and provided an estimated
303:
IPs specifically aim at fostering European competitiveness in
379:
1551:
Union, Publications Office of the European (21 April 2017).
370:
The Horizon 2020 logo, a European Union framework programme.
1504:"Israel joins 77 billion euro Horizon 2020 R&D program"
940:"Research and innovation funding: making a real difference"
58:(ERA). Starting in 2014, the funding programmes were named
1722:
657:(FP8) project, aimed to support the implementation of the
1303:"The UK must stay in the EU's Horizon research programme"
270:
European Technology Platform on Smart Systems Integration
1234:"Horizon 2020: UK launch for EU's £67bn research budget"
967:"The EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation"
919:"The EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation"
417:
The framework programme's objective is to complete the
1892:
1758:
H. Matthews, The 7th EU research framework programme.
266:
European Technology Platform for Sustainable Chemistry
451:
European environmental research and innovation policy
1100:"Provisions for Implementing Networks of Excellence"
737:
Best Available Techniques Reference Document (BREF)
1148:OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2008
809:; OJ L302 – 24 October 1987; 87/516/Euratom, EEC;
18:European Clinical Research Infrastructures Network
1073:"What is FP6: Instruments: Network of Excellence"
1041:"Provisions for Implementing Integrated Projects"
1967:
1929:Journal of Health Services Research & Policy
1151:. OECD Publishing (published 2008). p. 76.
533:is considered as "partly associated" due to the
1919:
484:Directorate-General for Research and Innovation
1408:"Virtual reality at the service of healthcare"
1251:
693:
465:The framework programme is implemented by the
880:; OJ L232 – 29 August 2002; No 1513/2002/EC;
826:; OJ L117 – 08/05/1990; 90/221/Euratom, EEC;
402:project, were beneficiaries of Horizon 2020.
1747:Financial Control and Fraud in the Community
1282:"ERC reveals mapping of its funded research"
758:. Cordis.lu. 20 October 2011. Archived from
641:
356:European-Latin American Technology Platforms
340:Specific Targeted Research Projects (STReP)
896:"How is FP 7 structured? from FP7 in Brief"
92:
1349:
1257:
394:to research results. Projects such as the
1981:European Union and science and technology
1948:
1357:"Fact sheet: Open Access in Horizon 2020"
1362:. European Commission. 9 December 2013.
844:; OJ L126 – 18 May 1994; No 1110/94/EC;
557:
412:
365:
332:upon the number of researchers involved.
317:small or medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
315:, IPs ask for a strong participation of
288:, the most important of which included:
46:, are funding programmes created by the
1002:"What is the budget of Horizon Europe?"
862:; OJ L26 – 01/02/1999; No 182/1999/EC;
521:
14:
1968:
1836:
1387:
1260:"E.U. Leaders Agree on Science Budget"
1095:
1093:
883:Official Journal of the European Union
865:Official Journal of the European Union
847:Official Journal of the European Union
829:Official Journal of the European Union
812:Official Journal of the European Union
795:Official Journal of the European Union
449:Horizon 2020 is also implementing the
274:
54:to support and foster research in the
1550:
1388:Oliver, Peckham (18 September 2020).
1203:
1197:
1501:
1495:
1337:from the original on 24 January 2014
1231:
1225:
1144:
1839:"Farewell to Europe's Horizon 2020"
1837:Abbott, Alison (16 December 2020).
1090:
405:Horizon 2020 has been succeeded by
24:
1913:
1669:. 20 November 2017. Archived from
1592:. 24 November 2016. Archived from
1369:from the original on 21 April 2014
1232:Amos, Jonathan (31 January 2014).
964:
916:
888:
704:Austrian Research Promotion Agency
262:European Steel Technology Platform
25:
1997:
748:
654:
632:Technical University of Darmstadt
1885:
1830:
1794:
1768:
1752:
1740:
1715:
1685:
1659:
1611:
1579:
1544:
1523:
1483:from the original on 6 May 2014
1459:
1426:
1400:
1381:
1313:
1295:
1274:
1175:
1138:
1113:
1065:
1033:
1008:
994:
980:
958:
932:
910:
361:
870:
852:
834:
817:
800:
783:
774:
676:all, via the OpenAIRE portal.
279:
13:
1:
1923:; McKee, Martin (July 2013).
742:
396:European Processor Initiative
76:
1976:European Commission projects
1438:CORDIS | European Commission
469:, the executive body of the
324:Network of Excellence (NoE)
7:
1893:"EU Funds simply explained"
1412:EASME - European Commission
730:
694:Criticism of the programmes
637:
460:
10:
2002:
1863:10.1038/d41586-020-03516-6
562:
259:
507:Executive Agency for SMEs
501:Research Executive Agency
292:Integrating Project (IP)
27:Science funding in Europe
1941:10.1177/1355819613476017
1760:Nanotechnol. Perceptions
1620:U-space : blueprint
1110:. Retrieved 25 June 2009
792:; OJ C208 – 04/08/1983;
93:The framework programmes
1557:. Publications Office.
1258:Rabesandratana, Tania.
1106:1 December 2011 at the
625:SESAR Joint Undertaking
597:unmanned aerial systems
455:sustainable development
390:Horizon 2020 supported
117:Budget (billions of €)
100:European Currency Units
1651:: CS1 maint: others (
1467:"Associated Countries"
1211:Times Higher Education
684:
646:
609:information management
425:and Innovation Union.
419:European Research Area
371:
56:European Research Area
898:. European Commission
670:
645:
617:Function as a Service
558:Illustrative projects
413:Objective and pillars
369:
260:Further information:
215:50.5 over seven years
1986:Framework Programmes
1204:Grove, Jack (2011).
1102:, cordis.europa.eu.
522:Associated countries
513:ERC Executive Agency
478:Directorate-Generals
36:Framework Programmes
1921:Galsworthy, Michael
1855:2020Natur.588..371A
1673:on 14 December 2017
1309:. 1 September 2022.
1125:European Commission
1077:European Commission
944:European Commission
651:OpenAIRE Consortium
467:European Commission
275:Funding instruments
111:Framework Programme
87:European Commission
52:European Commission
1782:on 16 January 2014
1599:on 29 January 2017
1509:The Jerusalem Post
1502:Elis, Niv (2014).
647:
496:Executive Agencies
372:
1446:10.3030/101003551
623:On behalf of the
297:Associated states
258:
257:
16:(Redirected from
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1778:. Archived from
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1693:"Openaire - Faq"
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1111:
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1046:. Archived from
1045:
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1031:
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1020:Cordis.europa.eu
1012:
1006:
1005:
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988:"Horizon Europe"
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767:
762:on 26 April 2006
752:
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535:2014 referendums
221:over five years
105:
104:
83:Amsterdam Treaty
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1996:
1995:
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1992:
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1966:
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1914:Further reading
1911:
1901:
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1818:on 1 April 2016
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1703:on 24 June 2016
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1108:Wayback Machine
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756:"ISTAG website"
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680:
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282:
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38:or abbreviated
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1935:(3): 182–185.
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1765:(2005) 99–105.
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