755:
38:
595:
240:
104:
804:
587:
573:
79:
729:× 16.8 mm (0.92 in × 0.66 in) in size and weigh around 3.35 g (0.118 oz). They have a grey-white or greenish background and are covered in brown or olive spots. They are incubated only by the female beginning after the last egg is laid and hatch synchronously after 11 days. The
728:
Eurasian skylarks first breed when they are one year of age. Nesting may start in late March or early April. The nest is probably built by the female alone and is a shallow depression in the ground lined with grasses. The clutch is 3 to 5 eggs. The eggs of the nominate subspecies average 23.4 mm
710:
off the west coast of Canada in 1903; additional birds were introduced in 1913. The population grew and by 1962 there were around 1000 individuals. The numbers have subsequently declined due to loss of habitat, and in 2007 there were estimated to be only around 100 individuals spread over four small
619:
It is known for the song of the male, which is delivered in hovering flight from heights of 50 to 100 m, when the singing bird may appear as just a dot in the sky from the ground. The long, unbroken song is a clear, bubbling warble delivered high in the air while the bird is rising, circling or
318:
The female
Eurasian skylark builds an open nest in a shallow depression on open ground well away from trees, bushes and hedges. She lays three to five eggs which she incubates for around 11 days. The chicks are fed by both parents but leave the nest after eight to ten days, well before they can fly.
733:
young are cared for by both parents and for the first week are fed almost exclusively on insects. The nestlings fledge after 18 to 20 days but they usually leave the nest after 8 to 10 days. They are independent of their parents after around 25 days. The parents can have up to 4 broods in a season.
314:
with introduced populations in
Australia, New Zealand and on the Hawaiian Islands. It is a bird of open farmland and heath, known for the song of the male, which is delivered in hovering flight from heights of 50 to 100 metres (160 to 330 ft). The sexes are alike. It is streaked greyish-brown
770:
have shown that this large decline is mainly due to changes in farming practices and only partly due to pesticides. In the past cereals were planted in the spring, grown through the summer and harvested in the early autumn. Cereals are now planted in the autumn, grown through the winter and are
603:
The
Eurasian skylark is 18–19 cm (7.1–7.5 in) in length. Like most other larks, the Eurasian skylark is a rather dull-looking species, being mainly brown above and paler below. It has a short blunt crest on the head, which can be raised and lowered. In flight it shows a short tail and
53:
319:
They scatter and hide in the vegetation but continue to be fed by the parents until they can fly at 18 to 20 days of age. Nests are subject to high predation rates by larger birds and small mammals. The parents can have several broods in a single season.
828:
dating from about 1430. The verb "skylark", originally used by sailors, means "play tricks or practical jokes; indulge in horseplay, frolic". The verb and noun "lark", with similar meaning, may be related to "skylark" or to the dialect word "laik"
790:
Scheme offers 5 and 10-year grants for various beneficial options. For example, there is an option where the farmer can opt to grow a spring cereal instead of a winter one, and leave the stubble untreated with pesticide over the winter. The
663:
In
Australia the Eurasian skylark was introduced on multiple occasions beginning in 1850. It is now widespread in the southeast of the continent. In New South Wales it mostly occurs south of 33°S. It is widespread throughout
604:
short broad wings. The tail and the rear edge of the wings are edged with white, which are visible when the bird is flying away, but not if it is heading towards the observer. The male has broader wings than the female. This
52:
54:
771:
harvested in the early summer. The winter grown fields are much too dense in summer for the
Eurasian skylark to be able to walk and run between the wheat stems to find its food.
1798:
742:
The
Eurasian skylark walks over the ground searching for food on the soil surface. Its diet consists of insects and plant material such as seeds and young leaves. Unlike a
632:
This lark breeds across most of Europe and Asia and in the mountains of north Africa. It is mainly resident in the west of its range, but eastern populations are more
774:
A list of conservation interventions that could impact the species was published by the RSPB. English farmers are now encouraged and paid to maintain and create
620:
hovering. The song generally lasts two to three minutes, but it tends to last longer later in the mating season, when songs can last for 20 minutes or more. At
612:
because of female
Eurasian skylarks' preference for males that sing and hover for longer periods and so demonstrate that they are likely to have good overall
1033:"Multilocus phylogeny of the avian family Alaudidae (larks) reveals complex morphological evolution, non-monophyletic genera and hidden species diversity"
636:, moving further south in winter. Even in the milder west of its range, many birds move to lowlands and the coast in winter. Asian birds, subspecies
3021:
1031:
Alström, P.; Barnes, K.N.; Olsson, U.; Barker, F.K.; Bloomer, P.; Khan, A.A.; Qureshi, M.A.; Guillaumet, A.; Crochet, P.-A.; Ryan, P.G. (2013).
1668:
Handbook of the birds of Europe the Middle East and North Africa. The Birds of the
Western Palearctic. Volume V: Tyrant Flycatchers to Thrushes
766:. As of 2017, they were estimated to have declined across the UK by 4-10% over the last 10 years, and by 6-28% over the last 22-25 years. The
3086:
762:
In the UK, Eurasian skylark numbers have declined since the 1970s, as determined by the Common Bird Census started in the early 1960s by the
3199:
660:(in the North Island). The wild population increased rapidly and had spread throughout both the North and South Islands by the 1920s.
1719:. Vol. 7, Boatbill to starlings, Part 7 A, Boatbill to larks. Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. pp. 1039–1052.
951:
Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
1081:
1007:
2972:
1795:
3034:
1789:
1724:
1694:
1675:
1187:
1015:
866:
3039:
3219:
1001:
746:(family Fringillidae) it swallows seeds without removing the husk. Insects form an important part of the diet in summer.
2995:
2920:
535:
3150:
1235:
386:
study of the lark family
Alaudidae published in 2013 suggested that Eurasian skylark is most closely related to the
3209:
3158:
2951:
1355:
3091:
2964:
2933:
1834:
1527:
1446:
Davidson, P.J.A. (2015). Davidson, P.J.A.; Cannings, R.J.; Couturier, A.R.; Lepage, D.; Di Corrado, C.M. (eds.).
1118:
Donald, P.; Garcia, E.F.J. (2018). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.).
434:
336:
218:
3073:
2855:
2672:
1705:
1447:
1325:
1305:
792:
763:
652:
In the 19th century multiple batches of Eurasian skylarks were released in New Zealand beginning in 1864 in
464:, 1872 – south-eastern European Russia and western Siberia to north-western China and south-western Mongolia
3000:
2746:
2097:
2087:
1419:
Campbell, R.W.; Van Damme, L.M.; Johnson, S.R. (1997). Poole, A.F.; Gill, F.B. (eds.). "Eurasian Skylark (
2832:
2770:
404:
of the Eurasian skylark. Alternate names for the Eurasian skylark include northern skylark and sky lark.
923:
2837:
2082:
1782:
970:
624:
sites, male skylarks have been found to sing at higher frequencies as a result of wind turbine noise.
3214:
3163:
3111:
2788:
2737:
2677:
2532:
2527:
2107:
2092:
1962:
1807:
1602:
1568:
820:
787:
795:
likens the stubbles to "giant bird tables" – providing spilt grain and weed seed to foraging birds.
2252:
2102:
2072:
1977:
1967:
1513:
443:
103:
20:
3065:
2552:
1607:
1573:
513:
3137:
754:
37:
3052:
3026:
2806:
2699:
2667:
1957:
871:
383:
3132:
2662:
2282:
2272:
1972:
1615:
1581:
542:
346:
198:
2987:
2811:
1333:
The Birds of the Hawaiian Islands: Occurrence, History, Distribution, and Status (Version 2)
3145:
2894:
2757:
2657:
2207:
1207:
indicates the deterioration of an acoustic environment resulting from wind farm start-up".
879:
837:
665:
1307:
Forest bird communities of the Hawaiian Islands: their dynamics, ecology, and conservation
900:
8:
2317:
1882:
1827:
875:
814:
When the word "lark" is used without specification, it usually refers to this species. A
653:
550:
489:
461:
328:
68:
3101:
2762:
594:
2824:
2819:
2775:
2542:
2537:
2507:
2237:
2142:
2132:
2052:
2002:
1887:
1758:
1514:
BirdTrends 2019: trends in numbers, breeding success and survival for UK breeding birds
1378:
1141:
1032:
852:
98:
1596:
1203:
Szymański, P.; Deoniziak, K.; Łosak, K.; Osiejuk, T. S. (2017). "The song of Skylarks
2868:
2493:
2462:
2417:
2382:
2372:
2327:
2287:
2262:
2257:
2222:
2212:
2022:
1952:
1912:
1907:
1776:
1720:
1690:
1671:
1183:
1145:
1063:
1011:
779:
712:
613:
501:
2860:
695:. A study published in 1986 found European skylarks remained only on the islands of
2612:
2572:
2467:
2427:
2397:
2277:
2267:
2187:
2162:
1847:
1750:
1428:
1370:
1216:
1133:
1055:
1047:
918:
758:
Eurasian skylark in the Lake District, England, with two beetles caught in its beak
707:
684:
525:
517:
397:
387:
2873:
3204:
3176:
3119:
2938:
2847:
2547:
2452:
2392:
2377:
2297:
2242:
2217:
2077:
2047:
1802:
1796:
Ageing and sexing (PDF; 1.3 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze
1202:
847:
815:
783:
696:
673:
505:
452:
375:
341:
3078:
1629:
1397:
1261:
1051:
473:, 1917 – southern Siberia, northern and eastern Mongolia and north-eastern China
2959:
2946:
2632:
2587:
2247:
2182:
1932:
1820:
954:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii. p. 165.
633:
521:
479:
1356:"Notes on the introduced skylark in the Victoria district of Vancouver Island"
1313:. Studies in Avian Biology 9. Cooper Ornithological Society. pp. 252–253.
949:
239:
3193:
3047:
2577:
2563:
2322:
2307:
2302:
2173:
1659:
945:
909:
493:
470:
332:
214:
88:
83:
1812:
808:
446:, 1850 – southern Europe from north-eastern Spain to Turkey and the Caucasus
2722:
2637:
2603:
2592:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2227:
2118:
1923:
1067:
974:
842:
825:
775:
425:
2925:
1137:
824:
describes this usage as "fanciful", it traces it back to a quotation from
803:
3060:
3008:
2731:
2518:
2502:
2387:
2312:
2291:
2232:
2127:
2063:
2042:
2013:
1988:
1943:
1898:
1236:"Inventory of the species and subspecies of Alaska birds, Second Edition"
687:
beginning in 1865. Although once common, it has declined in abundance on
2798:
1562:
520:, 1848 – southern Sakhalin Island, southern Kuril Island, Japan and the
3171:
3124:
2977:
2623:
2582:
2367:
2358:
2147:
1997:
1762:
1382:
857:
605:
586:
572:
401:
311:
1220:
1059:
2907:
2682:
2422:
2157:
2137:
2033:
730:
621:
609:
307:
303:
155:
115:
3013:
2693:
1754:
1432:
1374:
1304:
Scott, J.M.; Mountainspring, S.; Ramsey, F.L.; Kepler, C.B. (1986).
2912:
2886:
2716:
2648:
2457:
2443:
2347:
2152:
677:
669:
657:
135:
2899:
2783:
2338:
2198:
1873:
1863:
1636:. The East Asia Local and Regional Government Congress. July 2022
1275:
1273:
1120:
1741:
Bawcutt, P. (1972). "The lark in Chaucer and some later poets".
882:
is a series of four science fiction novels by E.E. "Doc" Smith.
874:(inspired by the eponymous poem). It is also the bird emblem of
2408:
1303:
641:
482:, 1863 – north-central Siberia to north-eastern China and Korea
378:
thought the word was originally of Celtic origin. The specific
355:
175:
125:
1452:
The Atlas of the Breeding Birds of British Columbia, 2008-2012
1285:
1270:
1266:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 140–142.
2881:
1856:
743:
692:
364:
360:
1516:(Report). BTO Research Report. Vol. 722. Thetford: BTO.
1843:
892:
767:
700:
688:
580:
371:
165:
145:
382:
is also Latin, and means "of the field". The results of a
1717:
Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds
1481:
1030:
864:), and numerous others; and of pieces of music including
310:. It is a widespread species found across Europe and the
1704:
Higgins, P.J.; Peter, J.M.; Cowling, S.J., eds. (2006).
1418:
703:
and estimated a total population of 10,000 individuals.
683:
The Eurasian skylark was introduced to the southeastern
1471:
1469:
1263:
The Naturalisation of Animals and Plants in New Zealand
818:
for Eurasian skylarks is an "exaltation". Although the
898:
400:
as a separate species. It is now usually considered a
1670:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 188–205.
1594:
419:
Linnaeus, 1758 – northern, western and central Europe
1777:
Xeno-canto: audio recordings of the Eurasian skylark
1493:
1466:
353:. It is one of the four species placed in the genus
315:
above and on the breast and has a buff-white belly.
1159:
1099:
924:
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T102998555A132039889.en
1595:
1561:
1119:
1551:BTO News Number 269, March to April 2007, page 15
807:Eurasian skylark pictured in the coat of arms of
3191:
1560:
1395:
672:and also occurs in the south-eastern corner of
1703:
1291:
1279:
1842:
1828:
1785:. British Trust for Ornithology. 9 June 2015.
1233:
428:, 1913 – Portugal, central and southern Spain
1117:
1003:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
608:for more efficient hovering flight may have
969:
627:
322:
1835:
1821:
1398:"Notes on the Skylark on Vancouver Island"
531:Some authorities recognise the subspecies
396:Formerly, many authorities considered the
238:
77:
50:
36:
1511:
922:
647:
1445:
1323:
1130:Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive
944:
802:
753:
718:
593:
585:
571:
279: Extant & Introduced (resident)
1740:
1259:
999:
706:The Eurasian skylark was introduced to
488:Swinhoe, 1863 – north-eastern Siberia,
285: Possible extinct & Introduced
3192:
1684:
1180:The Sunday Times Countryside Companion
1105:
1024:
2698:
2697:
1816:
1658:
1499:
1487:
1475:
1353:
1177:
1165:
1040:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1006:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
981:. International Ornithologists' Union
965:
963:
961:
656:(in the South Island) and in 1867 in
455:, 1879 – south-eastern Turkey to Iran
3112:5eb5ba21-bf76-40c4-adb2-35d4f8c734a9
2965:14443dd8-b83c-4f32-8617-af8e5d250b96
1783:"Identifying Skylark & Woodlark"
1616:participating institution membership
1582:participating institution membership
1396:Stirling, D.; Edwards, R.Y. (1962).
1234:Gibson, D.D.; Withrow, J.J. (2015).
836:The bird is the subject of poems by
3200:IUCN Red List least concern species
1512:Massimino, D.; et al. (2019).
1182:. Country Life Books. p. 145.
910:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
1734:
1520:
1111:
993:
958:
412:Eleven subspecies are recognized:
14:
3231:
1770:
3001:eurasian-skylark-alauda-arvensis
102:
1622:
1588:
1554:
1545:
1505:
1439:
1412:
1389:
1347:
1317:
1297:
1253:
1227:
1196:
1171:
973:; Donsker, David, eds. (2018).
899:BirdLife International (2018).
1689:. London: T. and A.D. Poyser.
1074:
938:
567:
1:
2673:Mediterranean short-toed lark
1324:Pyle, R.L.; Pyle, P. (2017).
885:
798:
793:British Trust for Ornithology
764:British Trust for Ornithology
437:, 1904 – north-western Africa
407:
2098:Chestnut-headed sparrow-lark
2088:Chestnut-backed sparrow-lark
7:
3220:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1743:Yearbook of English Studies
1082:"Alauda japonica - Avibase"
1052:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.005
979:World Bird List Version 8.2
975:"Nicators, reedling, larks"
723:
45:With insect caught in beak
10:
3236:
2083:Black-crowned sparrow-lark
1652:
1425:The Birds of North America
917:: e.T102998555A132039889.
749:
737:
691:and is no longer found on
545:, 1921. In the above list
331:by the Swedish naturalist
18:
2706:
2678:Turkestan short-toed lark
2646:
2621:
2601:
2561:
2533:Mongolian short-toed lark
2516:
2491:
2441:
2406:
2356:
2336:
2196:
2171:
2116:
2093:Ashy-crowned sparrow-lark
2061:
2031:
2011:
1986:
1963:Benguela long-billed lark
1941:
1921:
1896:
1871:
1855:
1603:Oxford English Dictionary
1569:Oxford English Dictionary
1402:Canadian Field-Naturalist
1335:. Bishop Museum, Honolulu
1000:Jobling, James A (2010).
821:Oxford English Dictionary
788:Environmental Stewardship
345:and retains its original
327:The Eurasian skylark was
306:bird in the lark family,
246:
237:
230:
225:
204:
197:
99:Scientific classification
97:
75:
66:
61:
49:
44:
35:
30:
2103:Grey-backed sparrow-lark
2073:Black-eared sparrow-lark
1978:Agulhas long-billed lark
1968:Eastern long-billed lark
1685:Donald, Paul F. (2004).
1178:Young, Geoffrey (1985).
782:for Eurasian skylarks.
640:, appear as vagrants in
628:Distribution and habitat
323:Taxonomy and systematics
21:Skylark (disambiguation)
3210:Birds described in 1758
2553:Greater short-toed lark
1608:Oxford University Press
1574:Oxford University Press
62:Song recorded in Wales
2668:Somali short-toed lark
2528:Hume's short-toed lark
2108:Fischer's sparrow-lark
1958:Karoo long-billed lark
1260:Thomson, G.M. (1922).
872:Ralph Vaughan Williams
811:
759:
648:Introduced populations
599:
591:
583:
384:molecular phylogenetic
3133:Paleobiology Database
2663:Asian short-toed lark
2273:Indochinese bush lark
2253:Horsfield's bush lark
1973:Cape long-billed lark
1808:List of skylark poems
1630:"Kumamoto Prefecture"
1532:Conservation Evidence
1454:. Bird Studies Canada
1138:10.2173/bow.skylar.01
806:
757:
719:Behaviour and ecology
597:
589:
575:
2960:Fauna Europaea (new)
2658:Athi short-toed lark
2208:Eastern clapper lark
1801:15 July 2018 at the
1490:, pp. 194, 201.
1354:Sprot, G.D. (1937).
880:The Skylark of Space
838:Percy Bysshe Shelley
19:For other uses, see
1883:Greater hoopoe-lark
1606:(Online ed.).
1572:(Online ed.).
1292:Higgins et al. 2006
1280:Higgins et al. 2006
1121:"Eurasian Skylark (
1086:avibase.bsc-eoc.org
876:Kumamoto Prefecture
551:nominate subspecies
549:is included in the
490:Kamchatka Peninsula
69:Conservation status
2820:BirdLife-Australia
2283:Jerdon's bush lark
2143:Fawn-coloured lark
2133:Pink-breasted lark
2053:Rufous-tailed lark
2003:Rufous-rumped lark
1888:Lesser hoopoe-lark
1326:"Eurasian Skylark"
867:The Lark Ascending
853:The Lark Ascending
812:
778:for improving the
760:
600:
592:
584:
504:, 1926 – northern
273: Non-breeding
3187:
3186:
2700:Taxon identifiers
2691:
2690:
2463:Large-billed lark
2418:White-winged lark
2383:Short-tailed lark
2328:White-tailed lark
2263:Burmese bush lark
2258:Singing bush lark
2223:Rufous-naped lark
2213:Cape clapper lark
2023:Thick-billed lark
1953:Short-clawed lark
1913:Spike-heeled lark
1726:978-0-19-553996-7
1696:978-0-7136-6568-0
1677:978-0-19-857508-5
1634:www3.pref.nara.jp
1614:(Subscription or
1580:(Subscription or
1528:"Alauda arvensis"
1423:), version 2.0".
1221:10.1111/ibi.12514
1189:978-0-600-35729-2
1132:. Lynx Edicions.
1017:978-1-4081-2501-4
713:Saanich Peninsula
363:name is from the
290:
289:
92:
55:
31:Eurasian skylark
3227:
3215:Birds of Eurasia
3180:
3179:
3167:
3166:
3154:
3153:
3141:
3140:
3128:
3127:
3115:
3114:
3105:
3104:
3102:eurasian-skylark
3095:
3094:
3082:
3081:
3079:NHMSYS0000530139
3069:
3068:
3056:
3055:
3043:
3042:
3030:
3029:
3017:
3016:
3004:
3003:
2991:
2990:
2988:eurasian-skylark
2981:
2980:
2968:
2967:
2955:
2954:
2942:
2941:
2929:
2928:
2916:
2915:
2903:
2902:
2890:
2889:
2877:
2876:
2864:
2863:
2851:
2850:
2841:
2840:
2828:
2827:
2825:eurasian-skylark
2815:
2814:
2802:
2801:
2792:
2791:
2789:2D9A361995111F42
2779:
2778:
2766:
2765:
2753:
2752:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2695:
2694:
2573:Bimaculated lark
2433:Eurasian skylark
2428:Oriental skylark
2398:Pink-billed lark
2318:Friedmann's lark
2278:Indian bush lark
2268:Bengal bush lark
1837:
1830:
1823:
1814:
1813:
1786:
1766:
1730:
1714:
1700:
1681:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1611:
1599:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1577:
1565:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1360:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1330:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1268:
1267:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1240:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1127:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1046:(3): 1043–1056.
1037:
1028:
1022:
1021:
997:
991:
990:
988:
986:
967:
956:
955:
942:
936:
935:
933:
931:
926:
896:
708:Vancouver Island
685:Hawaiian Islands
638:A. a. pekinensis
577:Alauda arvensis
526:Japanese skylark
486:A. a. pekinensis
477:A. a. intermedia
441:A. a. cantarella
398:Japanese skylark
388:Oriental skylark
294:Eurasian skylark
284:
278:
272:
266:
260:
254:
242:
210:
190:A. arvensis
107:
106:
86:
81:
80:
57:
56:
40:
28:
27:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3177:Alauda-arvensis
3175:
3170:
3162:
3157:
3149:
3144:
3136:
3131:
3123:
3120:Observation.org
3118:
3110:
3108:
3100:
3098:
3090:
3085:
3077:
3072:
3064:
3059:
3051:
3046:
3038:
3033:
3025:
3020:
3012:
3007:
2999:
2994:
2986:
2984:
2976:
2971:
2963:
2958:
2950:
2945:
2937:
2932:
2924:
2919:
2911:
2906:
2898:
2893:
2885:
2880:
2872:
2867:
2859:
2854:
2846:
2844:
2836:
2831:
2823:
2818:
2810:
2805:
2797:
2795:
2787:
2782:
2776:Alauda_arvensis
2774:
2769:
2763:Alauda_arvensis
2761:
2756:
2750:
2745:
2738:Alauda arvensis
2736:
2735:
2730:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2708:Alauda arvensis
2702:
2692:
2687:
2642:
2617:
2597:
2557:
2548:Red-capped lark
2543:Blanford's lark
2538:Erlanger's lark
2512:
2508:Temminck's lark
2487:
2437:
2402:
2352:
2332:
2298:Rusty bush lark
2243:Monotonous lark
2238:Williams's lark
2218:Red-winged lark
2192:
2167:
2112:
2078:Madagascar lark
2057:
2048:Bar-tailed lark
2027:
2007:
1982:
1937:
1917:
1892:
1867:
1851:
1841:
1803:Wayback Machine
1781:
1773:
1755:10.2307/3506502
1737:
1735:Further reading
1727:
1712:
1708:Alauda arvensis
1697:
1678:
1664:Alauda arvensis
1662:, ed. (1988). "
1655:
1650:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1613:
1593:
1589:
1579:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1536:
1534:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1510:
1506:
1498:
1494:
1486:
1482:
1474:
1467:
1457:
1455:
1444:
1440:
1433:10.2173/bna.286
1421:Alauda arvensis
1417:
1413:
1394:
1390:
1375:10.2307/1363485
1358:
1352:
1348:
1338:
1336:
1328:
1322:
1318:
1310:
1302:
1298:
1294:, p. 1042.
1290:
1286:
1282:, p. 1043.
1278:
1271:
1258:
1254:
1238:
1232:
1228:
1205:Alauda arvensis
1201:
1197:
1190:
1176:
1172:
1164:
1160:
1150:
1148:
1123:Alauda arvensis
1116:
1112:
1104:
1100:
1090:
1088:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1035:
1029:
1025:
1018:
998:
994:
984:
982:
968:
959:
943:
939:
929:
927:
903:Alauda arvensis
897:
893:
888:
848:George Meredith
831:New Shorter OED
816:collective noun
801:
784:Natural England
752:
740:
726:
721:
674:South Australia
650:
630:
602:
598:Skylark singing
570:
560:is included in
540:A. a. guillelmi
506:Sakhalin Island
499:A. a. lonnbergi
410:
351:Alauda arvensis
342:Systema Naturae
335:in 1758 in the
325:
299:Alauda arvensis
286:
282:
280:
276:
274:
270:
268:
264:
262:
258:
256:
252:
221:
212:
208:Alauda arvensis
206:
193:
101:
93:
82:
78:
71:
51:
24:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
3233:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3168:
3155:
3142:
3129:
3116:
3106:
3096:
3083:
3070:
3057:
3044:
3031:
3018:
3005:
2992:
2982:
2969:
2956:
2947:Fauna Europaea
2943:
2930:
2917:
2904:
2891:
2878:
2865:
2852:
2842:
2829:
2816:
2803:
2793:
2780:
2767:
2754:
2743:
2728:
2712:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2654:
2652:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2629:
2627:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2609:
2607:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2588:Mongolian lark
2585:
2580:
2575:
2569:
2567:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2524:
2522:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2499:
2497:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2449:
2447:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2414:
2412:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2373:Sclater's lark
2370:
2364:
2362:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2344:
2342:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2288:Gillett's lark
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2248:Melodious lark
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2204:
2202:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2179:
2177:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1949:
1947:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1929:
1927:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1908:Beesley's lark
1904:
1902:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1869:
1868:
1861:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1840:
1839:
1832:
1825:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1793:
1787:
1779:
1772:
1771:External links
1769:
1768:
1767:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1725:
1701:
1695:
1682:
1676:
1660:Cramp, Stanley
1654:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1621:
1587:
1553:
1544:
1519:
1504:
1502:, p. 192.
1492:
1480:
1478:, p. 201.
1465:
1438:
1411:
1388:
1346:
1316:
1296:
1284:
1269:
1252:
1226:
1215:(4): 769–777.
1195:
1188:
1170:
1168:, p. 188.
1158:
1110:
1098:
1073:
1023:
1016:
992:
957:
946:Linnaeus, Carl
937:
890:
889:
887:
884:
800:
797:
751:
748:
739:
736:
725:
722:
720:
717:
649:
646:
629:
626:
569:
566:
554:A. a. arvensis
529:
528:
522:Ryukyu Islands
511:A. a. japonica
508:
496:
483:
474:
465:
459:A. a. dulcivox
456:
450:A. a. armenica
447:
438:
432:A. a. harterti
429:
420:
417:A. a. arvensis
409:
406:
391:Alauda gulgula
324:
321:
288:
287:
281:
275:
269:
263:
261: Resident
257:
255: Breeding
251:
244:
243:
235:
234:
228:
227:
223:
222:
213:
202:
201:
195:
194:
187:
185:
181:
180:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
95:
94:
76:
73:
72:
67:
64:
63:
59:
58:
47:
46:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3232:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3178:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3107:
3103:
3097:
3093:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2979:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2839:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2614:
2613:Dupont's lark
2611:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2578:Calandra lark
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2564:Melanocorypha
2560:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2468:Thekla's lark
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2323:Kordofan lark
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2303:Collared lark
2301:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2188:Archer's lark
2186:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2174:Heteromirafra
2170:
2164:
2163:Barlow's lark
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1833:
1831:
1826:
1824:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1738:
1728:
1722:
1718:
1711:
1709:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1635:
1631:
1625:
1617:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1598:
1591:
1583:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1564:
1557:
1548:
1533:
1529:
1523:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1496:
1489:
1484:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1453:
1449:
1442:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1415:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1392:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1309:
1308:
1300:
1293:
1288:
1281:
1276:
1274:
1265:
1264:
1256:
1249:(2): 94–185 .
1248:
1244:
1243:Western Birds
1237:
1230:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1199:
1191:
1185:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1162:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1114:
1108:, p. 48.
1107:
1102:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1019:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1004:
996:
980:
976:
972:
966:
964:
962:
953:
952:
947:
941:
925:
920:
916:
912:
911:
906:
904:
895:
891:
883:
881:
877:
873:
869:
868:
863:
859:
855:
854:
849:
845:
844:
839:
834:
832:
827:
823:
822:
817:
810:
805:
796:
794:
789:
785:
781:
777:
772:
769:
765:
756:
747:
745:
735:
732:
716:
714:
711:areas of the
709:
704:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
661:
659:
655:
645:
643:
639:
635:
625:
623:
617:
615:
611:
607:
596:
588:
582:
578:
574:
565:
563:
562:A. a. sierrae
559:
555:
552:
548:
544:
541:
537:
534:
527:
523:
519:
515:
512:
509:
507:
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267: Passage
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2707:
2647:
2638:Arabian lark
2622:
2604:Chersophilus
2602:
2593:Tibetan lark
2562:
2517:
2492:
2483:Maghreb lark
2478:Malabar lark
2473:Crested lark
2453:Sykes's lark
2442:
2432:
2407:
2393:Botha's lark
2378:Stark's lark
2357:
2337:
2228:Flappet lark
2197:
2172:
2119:Calendulauda
2117:
2062:
2032:
2012:
1987:
1942:
1924:Ammomanopsis
1922:
1897:
1872:
1862:
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1746:
1742:
1716:
1707:
1686:
1667:
1663:
1638:. Retrieved
1633:
1624:
1601:
1597:"exaltation"
1590:
1567:
1556:
1547:
1535:. Retrieved
1531:
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1089:. Retrieved
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978:
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928:. Retrieved
914:
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861:
851:
843:To a Skylark
841:
835:
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826:John Lydgate
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776:biodiversity
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189:
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176:
25:
3061:NatureServe
3009:iNaturalist
2732:Wikispecies
2633:Dunn's lark
2519:Calandrella
2503:Horned lark
2388:Masked lark
2313:Somali lark
2292:Degodi lark
2233:Angola lark
2183:Rudd's lark
2128:Sabota lark
2064:Eremopterix
2043:Desert lark
2014:Ramphocoris
1989:Pinarocorys
1944:Certhilauda
1933:Gray's lark
1899:Chersomanes
1687:The Skylark
1537:14 February
1106:Donald 2004
971:Gill, Frank
930:12 November
568:Description
538:, 1903 and
249:A. arvensis
226:Subspecies
3194:Categories
3172:Xeno-canto
2624:Eremalauda
2583:Black lark
2494:Eremophila
2368:Obbia lark
2359:Spizocorys
2308:Ash's lark
2148:Karoo lark
1998:Dusky lark
1666:Skylark".
1640:6 February
1618:required.)
1584:required.)
1500:Cramp 1988
1488:Cramp 1988
1476:Cramp 1988
1448:"Sky Lark"
1408:: 147–152.
1166:Cramp 1988
1091:6 December
1060:2263/37264
886:References
858:Ted Hughes
809:Leivonmäki
799:In culture
606:adaptation
480:R. Swinhoe
408:Subspecies
402:subspecies
312:Palearctic
3053:102998555
2812:102998555
2683:Sand lark
2423:Raso lark
2158:Dune lark
2138:Foxy lark
2034:Ammomanes
1146:216391146
731:altricial
634:migratory
622:wind farm
558:guillelmi
502:Hachisuka
471:Zaliesski
444:Bonaparte
329:described
308:Alaudidae
304:passerine
247:Range of
232:See text
184:Species:
166:Alaudidae
122:Kingdom:
116:Eukaryota
3066:2.104831
3027:10188422
2900:45511446
2807:BirdLife
2796:BioLib:
2717:Wikidata
2649:Alaudala
2458:Sun lark
2444:Galerida
2348:Woodlark
2153:Red lark
1799:Archived
1749:: 5–12.
1710:Skylark"
1458:5 August
1339:6 August
1151:3 August
1068:23792153
948:(1758).
862:Skylarks
724:Breeding
678:Adelaide
670:Tasmania
666:Victoria
658:Auckland
543:Witherby
518:Schlegel
514:Temminck
492:and the
453:Bogdanov
435:Whitaker
380:arvensis
349:name of
347:binomial
215:Linnaeus
162:Family:
136:Chordata
132:Phylum:
126:Animalia
112:Domain:
89:IUCN 3.1
2978:8077224
2861:bob9760
2784:Avibase
2339:Lullula
2199:Mirafra
1874:Alaemon
1864:Species
1790:Oiseaux
1763:3506502
1653:Sources
1383:1363485
985:15 July
780:habitat
750:Threats
738:Feeding
676:around
614:fitness
610:evolved
536:Tschusi
524:: the
426:Weigold
339:of his
302:) is a
172:Genus:
152:Order:
142:Class:
87: (
3205:Alauda
3164:558531
3138:368984
3109:NZOR:
3099:NZBO:
3040:178398
2985:GNAB:
2934:EURING
2913:ALADAR
2887:skylar
2848:skylar
2751:skylar
2723:Q25961
2409:Alauda
1848:Family
1792:images
1761:
1723:
1693:
1674:
1563:"lark"
1381:
1363:Condor
1186:
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1066:
1014:
1010:, 56.
697:Hawaii
654:Nelson
642:Alaska
547:scotia
516:&
368:alauda
359:. The
356:Alauda
283:
277:
271:
265:
259:
253:
177:Alauda
3159:WoRMS
3092:88112
3022:IRMNG
2952:97404
2921:EUNIS
2882:eBird
2845:BOW:
1857:Genus
1844:Larks
1759:JSTOR
1713:(PDF)
1612:
1578:
1379:JSTOR
1359:(PDF)
1329:(PDF)
1311:(PDF)
1239:(PDF)
1142:S2CID
1036:(PDF)
744:finch
693:Kauai
376:Pliny
365:Latin
361:genus
3151:1404
3087:NCBI
3048:IUCN
3035:ITIS
3014:7347
2973:GBIF
2939:9760
2908:EPPO
2874:BFFT
2838:9735
2833:BOLD
2799:8824
1721:ISBN
1691:ISBN
1672:ISBN
1642:2023
1539:2020
1460:2018
1341:2018
1209:Ibis
1184:ISBN
1153:2018
1093:2016
1064:PMID
1012:ISBN
987:2018
932:2021
915:2018
768:RSPB
701:Maui
699:and
689:Oahu
668:and
590:Nest
581:MHNT
556:and
462:Hume
372:lark
292:The
219:1758
146:Aves
3146:TSA
3125:192
3074:NBN
2996:IBC
2926:853
2895:EoL
2869:CoL
2856:BTO
2771:AFD
2758:ADW
2747:ABA
1751:doi
1429:doi
1371:doi
1217:doi
1213:159
1134:doi
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