429:
1594:
253:
24:
1715:
1065:
812:
309:
1652:
1438:
1377:
1186:
1131:
351:
693:
622:
413:
boilershop, machine shop, coppersmith shop and blacksmith, and equipping the plant with a host of new machines including traveling and swing cranes and the steam engines to power them, along with planers, lathes, boring mills, punches, shears and rollers. Amongst the new equipment was a planer capable of finishing 100-ton iron plates, and a lathe capable of boring a 112-inch-diameter (280 cm) cylinder—the two largest machine tools in the entire country.
243:
333:
superstructure, and a 216-foot (66 m) steam-powered pivoting center section spanning two 80-foot-long (24 m) ship channels. The bridge opened for traffic in 1868, and operated reliably for about thirty years until increasing maintenance costs and traffic persuaded the city fathers to construct a new bridge with faster operation and higher and wider dimensions.
1798:"Etna" was a popular name for ironworking establishments in the 19th century. The Etna Iron Works in New York should not be confused with two similarly named prominent businesses of the period, the Etna Iron Works of Ohio and the Etna Iron Works of Pennsylvania. The name "Etna" (and its alternative spellings "Aetna" and "Ætna") derives from the nymph
332:
Roach had no prior experience of bridge building, so he hired an engineer with appropriate experience to design and oversee the project, and subcontracted out the masonry work. The bridge that was eventually constructed was 526 feet (160 m) long, with masonry foundations, a cast-and-wrought iron
268:
Roach thereafter began canvassing the local shipyards for business. Although New York's shipbuilders were still at this time constructing mostly wooden sailing ships, each ship needed about forty pounds of iron fastenings and cables, in addition to a number of anchors. In one ninety-day period, Roach
229:
By the 1850s, Roach, concerned about the needs of a growing family and anxious to obtain a more secure financial future, began to consider starting his own business. He had been unable to save much money of his own—only $ 1,000 (equivalent to $ 36,624 in 2023)—but was able to persuade
448:
Shortly after the war, the U.S. Navy auctioned off hundreds of ships it had requisitioned for the war effort, flooding the market and seriously depressing prices. The resulting slump in the U.S. shipping industry sent many long-established
American shipyards and marine engineers to the wall, and New
304:
In 1859, one of Roach's closest friends, a lawyer named John Baker, died and left Roach the trustee of his estate. The estate, worth $ 70,000, was entrusted to Roach for investment until Baker's four children came of age. Since the money could not be claimed until 1881, it was as good as a long-term
233:
In April 1852, Roach and his three partners purchased for the sum of $ 4,700 ($ 172,133) a small New York ironworks known as the Etna Iron Works, which had recently fallen into receivership. The ironworks, located at 102 Goerck Street, occupied a 40-by-100-foot (12 m Ă— 30 m) property
1834:
Name of ship. Where a ship had more than one name during its career, later names are listed chronologically in descending order, with each name followed by two digits (in superscript) representing the last two digits of the year the rename took place, where known. Yard names (names a ship was given
292:
On
September 2, 1859, the forced-draft boiler for the Etna Works' furnace exploded after accidentally being allowed to run dry, killing one man and seriously injuring two others, and gutting the building in which it stood. The $ 5,000 damage was covered by insurance, but the foundry would be forced
280:
to the ironworks for driving a blower which forced a draft into the melting furnace, thus obtaining a higher temperature and melting the iron faster, which saved valuable man-hours. He also purchased the adjoining property at 104–106 Goerck St., upon which stood a small three-storey building. Roach
155:
and three partners in 1852. Roach soon gained full ownership of the business and quickly transformed it into a successful general-purpose ironworks. He took advantage of the civil war to transform the Etna Works into one of New York's leading manufacturers of marine steam engines. By the end of the
412:
Having secured these contracts, Roach set about equipping the Etna Iron Works for its new role. He began by hiring Thomas Main, a leading engineer with experience in a number of the world's most advanced engine works, as the plant's superintendent. Roach then began reorganizing the Works, adding a
496:
and the
Franklin Forge, went bankrupt, and Roach purchased the best of their equipment at firesale prices and also hired their best workers. To these he added the best workers and equipment from the Etna and Morgan establishments, and consolidated his operations at the latter, vacating his former
341:
Roach had long nurtured a desire to become a builder of marine steam engines like his mentor James
Allaire. Competition in the industry was fierce, and entry difficult due to high capital costs, but Roach believed that by utilization of the best tools, labor-saving devices and practices, he could
484:
At this point, Roach decided that his business had outgrown its original location. He was keen to establish a plant with direct water frontage, which would both save him the cost of transporting his engines to the docks, and also enable him to move into the potentially lucrative business of ship
264:
By the end of the first year of operations, the partners had made a modest profit of $ 1,000, but now a dispute broke out over how to employ the money. Roach wanted to use it to expand the business, but his three partners voted to divide it into dividends of $ 250 each. Realizing that they had
329:, New York. The project was submitted to public tender by the City of New York in 1860 and Roach secured the contract with the lowest bid. The contract called for a bridge with a pivoting center section which could be rotated to allow large ships to pass through one of two channels beneath.
485:
repair. The obvious target for acquisition was the Morgan Iron Works, a leading ironworks with frontage on the East River, and which like most other marine engineering plants had lain mostly idle since the Civil War. Fortuitously for Roach, the proprietor, shipping magnate
884:
to be fastest ships afloat—and achieved such with top speed of 17 knots—but design was disliked by line officers. Ship built of unseasoned timber due to civil war shortages, and vessel never completed after hull declared "twisted" in 1869. Broken up 1874.
497:
premises at Goerck Street. Roach profited further at this time from the sale of his surplus equipment to the U.S. Navy, but on this occasion some rival business interests raised a protest and the deal became the subject of an acrimonious government inquiry (see the
260:
Following their purchase, Roach was given the task of promoting the business while his three partners attended to management of the shop floor. Roach began by touting for custom piecework, his first sale being for cast grate bars for a
Brooklyn distillery.
509:
Following the consolidation of his business at the Morgan Iron Works, Roach rented out his old Etna Iron Works property to various tenants. The Etna Works continued to operate as a general ironworks under new management until about 1881, when inventor
401:—the first of a number of such contracts Roach would fulfill for the Navy in coming years. Roach also secured the engine contracts for two new merchant steamships recently ordered by the newly-established Neptune Steamship Company,
476:
ship engines ever produced in the United States up to that time. More importantly for Roach however, he realized that the government was planning to modernize its own shipyards, and he made a timely shift into the manufacture of
489:, had recently experienced a setback in his own business dealings, as a result of which he was short of capital. Morgan quickly agreed to sell the premises along with all of its equipment for the sum of $ 450,000.
230:
three of his co-workers at
Allaire, including his brother-in-law Joseph Johnstone, who had savings of $ 8,000 ($ 292,992), to join him. The four partners mustered between them a total of $ 10,000 ($ 366,240).
361:
When the
American Civil War broke out in 1861, Roach was thus already well prepared to take advantage of the huge demand for marine engines generated by the conflict. He began by contacting the shipbuilder
346:
to study the latest in marine engine technology, and was not above hiring himself out as a mechanic to New York's leading engine builders of the day to spy on their organization, technology and practices.
284:
By 1859, Roach was employing forty men and his property was valued at $ 15,000. A contemporary evaluator noted that Roach was "getting along well" and deemed him "safe for a fair amount of credit".
452:
Roach himself, however, was able to prosper during this time by securing a diversity of machinery contracts. The Navy through
Benjamin Isherwood ordered three engines and six large boilers for the
168:
factory. The Roach family sold the former Etna Works property in 1887. The Etna Works buildings, along with the street on which they were located, were later liquidated in a city redevelopment.
156:
war, he was in a position to acquire the businesses of some of his major New York competitors, which had run into financial difficulties. Roach subsequently consolidated his operations at the
2299:
678:
Largest, fastest and most powerful ironclad built for civil war service, but not completed until after the war and consequently not accepted by the Navy. Sold to France 1867 and renamed
541:
At least 27 marine steam engines for 19 ships were produced by the Etna Iron Works. The following tables list those ships, together with basic details of the engines fitted to each.
518:, using it to build DC dynamos until 1887. In that year, the Roach family business sold the premises, the Edison having moved their expanding Machine Works to a much larger site in
2426:
296:
Undeterred, Roach negotiated the use of a boiler in a neighbouring factory, ran 200 feet of pipe from their boiler to his workshop, and was back in production within 48 hours.
2411:
449:
York was one of the worst affected locations, with its maritime industry all but wiped out by the slump. By 1867, most of Roach's marine engine competitors had gone bankrupt.
420:. At its wartime peak, the Etna Iron Works employed almost 2,000 workers and was valued at $ 150,000, putting it in the front rank of New York's engine builders.
416:
Over the next two years, Roach's plant produced the engines for at least fifteen vessels, including return orders from the U.S. Navy and a dozen engines for the
2396:
1789:
The original date of foundation for the Etna Works is unknown. 1852 is the year the Works came under the management of John Roach and his fellow investors.
218:
at an initial wage of 25c a day. After securing an apprenticeship as an ironmolder at Howell Works, Roach later transferred to
Allaire's other plant, the
384:, were heavily inundated with orders and unable to meet his needs. Webb was so relieved to find an alternative source of supply, he not only awarded the
265:
reached the limit of their ambition, Roach took out a mortgage on the property and used the loan to buy his partners out, thus becoming sole proprietor.
2355:
530:
388:'s engine contract to Roach, but also became guarantor for the higher line of credit Roach would need to re-equip his works for completing the job.
2416:
2421:
2306:
481:
in 1866. He was rewarded by the securing of almost a million dollars in government machine tool contracts between 1866 and 1868.
1768:
Table legend—Engine type: BA=back-acting, DA=direct acting, SB=simple beam; Horiz=horizontal, Vert=vertical, Inv=inverted. See
2278:
2263:
322:
172:
2370:
281:
used the third floor as a pattern shop, while renting out the first and second floors to an iron shutter manufacturer.
2406:
533:, which became America's largest and most productive shipyard from its establishment in 1871 until the mid-1880s.
444:
at the Etna Iron Works, 1866. These were the largest-bore marine engines built in the United States at the time.
428:
2375:
2232:
522:. The property, along with the street in which it was situated, was later liquidated in a 1940s redevelopment.
210:
to the United States in 1832 at the age of sixteen, eventually obtaining employment as a common laborer at the
472:. The engines for the latter two ships, with their massive 110-inch (280 cm) cylinders, were the largest-
2401:
2365:
2292:
395:. On October 24, 1862, Isherwood awarded Roach a contract to supply the machinery for the Navy's new gunboat
1835:
at the shipyard prior to it receiving an official name) are represented by a trailing "y" (in superscript).
486:
881:
467:
439:
392:
456:
class vessels, while shipbuilder
William Webb contracted with Roach for the machinery for two large new
1593:
272:
Roach was able to continue expanding the business through the sale of a variety of products, including
2271:
The American Clyde: A History of Iron and Steel Shipbuilding on the Delaware from 1840 to World War I
1421:
391:
Roach next travelled to Washington to meet the U.S. Navy's Chief of the Bureau of Steam Engineering,
801:
Completed too late to see service in the civil war. North Atlantic station, 1867. Sold 26 Aug 1868.
2329:
2247:
1992:
1087:
498:
461:
433:
417:
246:
152:
103:
23:
1313:
514:
relocated production for his electrical illumination utility there. Edison renamed the plant the
252:
859:
526:
2360:
2315:
515:
29:
321:
One of the largest projects undertaken by the Etna Iron Works was for construction of the
305:
interest-free loan to Roach, who was soon to take advantage of it to expand his business.
8:
1769:
1553:
699:
223:
138:
909:
781:
493:
381:
219:
171:
Notable achievements of the Etna Iron Works include the building of the steam-operated
142:
1714:
1064:
811:
2350:
2274:
2259:
2228:
2213:
1844:
i.e. in the United States Navy; the ship was later commissioned into the French navy.
1720:
1687:
758:
457:
396:
377:
189:
175:
in the 1860s, and the manufacture in the 1860s of the engines for the giant ironclad
157:
728:
342:
compete successfully. Accordingly, through the late 1850s he sent engineers to the
276:, firebacks, slats for iron shutters and other items. In 1856 he added a new steam
215:
1955:
308:
269:
made a profit from such sales of $ 8,000, giving his business a solid foundation.
1805:
1675:
658:
519:
363:
2256:
John Roach, Maritime Entrepreneur: the Years as Naval Contractor 1862–1886
1657:
838:
628:
370:
343:
273:
183:
176:
350:
2390:
1800:
1099:
846:
818:
511:
473:
195:
161:
68:
49:
2284:
982:
Built for civil war service but never completed. Broken up on stocks, 1888.
929:
Built for civil war service but never completed. Broken up on stocks, 1884.
194:, the latter two of which were the largest marine engines then built in the
1651:
1437:
1376:
1185:
1130:
748:
Completed too late to see service in the civil war. Atlantic station 1866,
710:
478:
326:
211:
149:
134:
1914:
The Mercantile Agency, Vol. CCCXVII, p. 229, cited in Swann 1965. p. 249.
1625:
621:
2217:
1642:
Built with unseasoned timber due to civil war shortages; scrapped 1877.
546:
United States Navy warship engines built by the Etna Iron Works, 1862–66
1809:
1240:
1584:
Built of unseasoned timber due to civil war shortages; scrapped 1878.
692:
2204:
1667:
1567:
1078:
749:
130:
2258:. United States Naval Institute (reprinted 1980 by Ayer Publishing,
1420:
Damaged by fire 1864, redesigned and rebuilt (as seen in photo) by
647:
367:
717:
207:
990:
Merchant steamship engines built by the Etna Iron Works, 1864–66
492:
At around the same time, two of Roach's former competitors, the
226:. Roach would remain an employee of Allaire's for twenty years.
160:, and some time afterward rented the Etna Works to the inventor
1813:
1425:
1103:
277:
165:
148:
The Etna Works was a failing small business when purchased by
1825:
The source erroneously states that the bridge opened in 1864.
242:
89:
222:
in New York, where he learned the manufacturing method for
234:
and consisted of a small foundry and some raw materials.
1312:
Grounded and wrecked after collision during storm near
525:
Roach himself went on to establish his own shipyard in
2427:
Defunct manufacturing companies based in New York City
2087:
2085:
2412:
Defunct marine engineering companies of New York City
28:
The former Etna Iron Works after being rented by the
1978:
1976:
432:
Casting an engine cylinder for either the steamboat
2082:
366:, who had just secured a contract for the huge new
2356:Delaware River Iron Ship Building and Engine Works
536:
531:Delaware River Iron Ship Building and Engine Works
83:Marine steam engines, machine tools, iron products
1973:
2388:
2273:. University of Delaware Press (reprinted 1992,
2246:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp.
1272:Last documented 1886; possibly scrapped 1898.
2314:
2300:
1521:Converted to barge, 1894; lost at sea, 1895.
316:
312:Third Avenue Harlem Bridge, completed in 1868
299:
2211:. Vol. I. Buffalo, New York: Erik Heyl.
1936:
1934:
1889:
1887:
2397:Manufacturing companies established in 1852
2222:
1950:
1948:
1946:
2307:
2293:
2030:
2028:
1709:
256:1861 advertisement for the Etna Iron Works
22:
1931:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1901:
1899:
1884:
137:plant, best known for its manufacture of
2241:
2227:. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press.
1943:
427:
423:
349:
307:
251:
241:
2417:1852 establishments in New York (state)
2025:
1646:
1432:
1124:
1059:
2422:American companies established in 1852
2389:
1917:
1896:
1588:
2288:
2254:Swann, Leonard Alexander Jr. (1965).
1001:
998:
995:
557:
554:
551:
504:
376:. Webb's usual engine suppliers, the
336:
2203:
287:
1772:for an explanation of engine types.
13:
2371:Combination Steel and Iron Company
14:
2438:
2242:Stoddard, William Osborn (1893).
2225:Warships of the Civil War Navies
1713:
1650:
1614:Roosevelt, Joyce & Waterbury
1592:
1436:
1375:
1184:
1129:
1063:
810:
752:station 1867. Sold 25 Aug 1868.
691:
620:
354:A model of the mammoth ironclad
2197:
2184:
2175:
2166:
2157:
2148:
2139:
2130:
2121:
2112:
2103:
2094:
2073:
2064:
2055:
2046:
2037:
2016:
2007:
1998:
1985:
1838:
1828:
1819:
537:Marine engine production tables
182:and for the passenger steamers
2376:Standard Steel Casting Company
1908:
1875:
1866:
1863:Swann 1965. pp. 4–7, 14.
1857:
1792:
1783:
293:to close without steam power.
237:
129:) was a 19th-century New York
1:
2366:Chester Pipe and Tube Company
2223:Silverstone, Paul H. (1989).
1850:
201:
2061:Swann 1965. pp. 26–27.
2052:Swann 1965. pp. 24–25.
2022:Swann 1965. pp. 19–20.
2004:Swann 1965. pp. 18–19.
1940:Swann 1965. pp. 17–18.
1893:Swann 1965. pp. 15–16.
1777:
1747:
1692:
1629:
1571:
1562:Central American Transit Co.
1508:
1468:
1407:
1354:
1299:
1259:
1217:
1162:
1107:
1054:
1042:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1012:
1009:
1006:
969:
916:
867:
788:
735:
665:
610:
598:
586:
583:
580:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
7:
1881:Swann 1965. p. 14–15.
1753:
1750:
1738:
1698:
1695:
1679:
1635:
1632:
1617:
1577:
1574:
1557:
1514:
1511:
1499:
1474:
1471:
1459:
1413:
1410:
1398:
1360:
1357:
1345:
1305:
1302:
1290:
1265:
1262:
1250:
1223:
1220:
1208:
1168:
1165:
1153:
1113:
1110:
1092:
975:
972:
966:
922:
919:
913:
882:Bureau of Steam Engineering
873:
870:
864:
794:
791:
785:
741:
738:
732:
671:
668:
662:
393:Benjamin Franklin Isherwood
10:
2443:
1760:Scrapped at Boston, 1901.
1729:
1708:
1666:
1645:
1606:
1587:
1546:
1524:
1490:
1484:
1481:Scrapped at Boston, 1905.
1450:
1431:
1422:Harlan & Hollingsworth
1389:
1370:
1336:
1319:
1281:
1275:
1239:
1233:
1199:
1178:
1144:
1123:
1077:
1058:
1015:
960:
932:
899:
888:
844:
804:
771:
755:
716:
685:
646:
614:
577:
323:Third Avenue Harlem Bridge
317:Third Avenue Harlem Bridge
300:Windfall capital injection
206:John Roach emigrated from
173:Third Avenue Harlem Bridge
2338:
2322:
1808:, after whom the volcano
1705:Destroyed by fire, 1889.
1497:J.B & J.D. Van Deusen
1457:J.B & J.D. Van Deusen
1396:J.B & J.D. Van Deusen
1288:J.B & J.D. Van Deusen
1248:J.B & J.D. Van Deusen
1230:Destroyed by fire, 1868.
1206:J.B & J.D. Van Deusen
1151:J.B & J.D. Van Deusen
1088:J.B & J.D. Van Deusen
125:(name sometimes rendered
109:
99:
87:
79:
63:
55:
45:
37:
21:
2407:History of New York City
2269:Tyler, David B. (1958).
2091:Silverstone 1989. p. 30.
1343:J.B & J.D.Van Deusen
2209:Early American Steamers
2181:Heyl 1953. pp. 279–280.
2079:Swann 1965. pp. 51, 56.
1742:Merchants Steamship Co.
1683:Merchants Steamship Co.
1002:Ship notes; references
558:Ship notes; references
164:, who turned it into a
860:Philadelphia Navy Yard
501:article for details).
445:
358:
313:
257:
249:
2402:John Roach & Sons
2316:John Roach & Sons
1956:"Third Avenue Bridge"
1503:Neptune Steamship Co.
1463:Neptune Steamship Co.
1402:Neptune Steamship Co.
1367:Scrapped about 1910.
1349:Neptune Steamship Co.
1294:Neptune Steamship Co.
1254:Neptune Steamship Co.
1212:Neptune Steamship Co.
1175:Scrapped about 1885.
1157:Neptune Steamship Co.
1120:Scrapped about 1884.
1096:Neptune Steamship Co.
527:Chester, Pennsylvania
431:
424:Postwar consolidation
353:
311:
255:
245:
141:during and after the
2361:Chester Rolling Mill
1816:is said to be named.
516:Edison Machine Works
224:marine steam engines
139:marine steam engines
30:Edison Machine Works
2070:Swann 1965. p. 228.
1991:Stoddard 1893. pp.
1770:marine steam engine
1316:, 1872; 50 killed.
992:
548:
418:Van Deusen Brothers
111:Number of employees
18:
2190:Heyl 1953. p. 365.
2172:Heyl 1953. p. 285.
2163:Heyl 1953. p. 283.
2154:Heyl 1953. p. 181.
2145:Heyl 1953. p. 343.
2136:Heyl 1953. p. 253.
2127:Heyl 1953. p. 131.
2118:Heyl 1953. p. 313.
2109:Heyl 1953. p. 157.
2100:Heyl 1953. p. 137.
2043:Swann 1965. p. 24.
2034:Swann 1965. p. 23.
2013:Swann 1965. p. 19.
1982:Swann 1965. p. 18.
1928:Swann 1965. p. 17.
1905:Swann 1965. p. 16.
1872:Swann 1965. p. 14.
988:
964:Brooklyn Navy Yard
910:Brooklyn Navy Yard
880:Class designed by
782:New York Navy Yard
544:
505:Later developments
494:Allaire Iron Works
458:sidewheel steamers
446:
382:Novelty Iron Works
359:
337:American Civil War
314:
258:
250:
220:Allaire Iron Works
143:American Civil War
16:
2384:
2383:
2351:Morgan Iron Works
2279:978-0-87413-101-7
2264:978-0-405-13078-6
1774:
1764:
1763:
1745:Long Island Sound
1688:Long Island Sound
1025:Intended service
986:
985:
682:; scrapped 1874.
378:Morgan Iron Works
288:Foundry explosion
158:Morgan Iron Works
135:steam engineering
119:
118:
95:$ 150,000 (1860s)
2434:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2286:
2285:
2251:
2238:
2212:
2191:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2110:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2092:
2089:
2080:
2077:
2071:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2023:
2020:
2014:
2011:
2005:
2002:
1996:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1952:
1941:
1938:
1929:
1926:
1915:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1894:
1891:
1882:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1845:
1842:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1817:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1766:
1717:
1690:
1654:
1615:
1596:
1563:
1440:
1379:
1189:
1188:
1134:
1133:
1090:
1067:
993:
987:
862:
849:
815:
814:
764:
729:Boston Navy Yard
696:
695:
625:
624:
549:
543:
216:James P. Allaire
92:
26:
19:
15:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2346:Etna Iron Works
2334:
2318:
2313:
2244:Men of Business
2235:
2200:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1974:
1965:
1963:
1962:. Eastern Roads
1954:
1953:
1944:
1939:
1932:
1927:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1897:
1892:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1806:Greek mythology
1797:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1736:William H. Webb
1727:
1686:
1676:William H. Webb
1664:
1613:
1604:
1561:
1544:
1448:
1387:
1334:
1197:
1183:
1142:
1128:
1086:
1075:
1052:
1040:
947:
858:
845:
835:
809:
757:
707:
690:
659:William H. Webb
641:
619:
608:
596:
539:
520:Schenectady, NY
507:
426:
364:William H. Webb
339:
319:
302:
290:
274:Franklin stoves
240:
204:
127:Ætna Iron Works
123:Etna Iron Works
112:
88:
75:
71:
33:
17:Etna Iron Works
12:
11:
5:
2440:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2312:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2267:
2252:
2239:
2233:
2220:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2183:
2174:
2165:
2156:
2147:
2138:
2129:
2120:
2111:
2102:
2093:
2081:
2072:
2063:
2054:
2045:
2036:
2024:
2015:
2006:
1997:
1984:
1972:
1942:
1930:
1916:
1907:
1895:
1883:
1874:
1865:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1837:
1827:
1818:
1812:in modern-day
1791:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1718:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1673:
1670:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1564:
1559:
1556:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1424:. Scrapped at
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1314:Stonington, CT
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1003:
1000:
997:
984:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
948:
946:
945:
940:
934:
931:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
907:
904:
901:
898:
893:
887:
886:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
856:
853:
850:
843:
836:
834:
833:
828:
823:
816:
806:
803:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
779:
776:
773:
770:
765:
754:
753:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
726:
723:
720:
715:
708:
706:
705:
697:
687:
684:
683:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
656:
653:
650:
645:
642:
640:
639:
634:
626:
616:
613:
612:
609:
607:
606:
603:
599:
597:
595:
594:
591:
587:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
560:
559:
556:
553:
538:
535:
506:
503:
487:Charles Morgan
425:
422:
344:United Kingdom
338:
335:
318:
315:
301:
298:
289:
286:
239:
236:
203:
200:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
93:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
73:
67:
65:
61:
60:
57:
53:
52:
47:
43:
42:
41:Defunct (1881)
39:
35:
34:
27:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2439:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2310:
2305:
2303:
2298:
2296:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2187:
2178:
2169:
2160:
2151:
2142:
2133:
2124:
2115:
2106:
2097:
2088:
2086:
2076:
2067:
2058:
2049:
2040:
2031:
2029:
2019:
2010:
2001:
1994:
1988:
1979:
1977:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1911:
1902:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1878:
1869:
1860:
1856:
1841:
1831:
1822:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1795:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1759:
1756:
1744:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1704:
1701:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1641:
1638:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1612:
1609:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1583:
1580:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1520:
1517:
1505:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1488:
1485:
1480:
1477:
1465:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1404:
1401:
1395:
1392:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1366:
1363:
1351:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1296:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1279:
1276:
1271:
1268:
1256:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1237:
1234:
1229:
1226:
1214:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1174:
1171:
1159:
1156:
1150:
1147:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1119:
1116:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1005:
994:
991:
981:
978:
963:
957:
955:Screw frigate
954:
952:
949:
944:
941:
939:
936:
935:
933:
928:
925:
911:
908:
905:
902:
900:Screw frigate
897:
894:
892:
889:
883:
879:
876:
861:
857:
854:
851:
848:
847:Screw frigate
842:
841:
837:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
821:
817:
813:
808:
807:
805:
800:
797:
783:
780:
777:
774:
769:
766:
763:
762:
756:
751:
747:
744:
730:
727:
724:
721:
719:
714:
713:
709:
704:
703:
698:
694:
689:
688:
686:
681:
677:
674:
660:
657:
654:
651:
649:
643:
638:
635:
633:
632:
627:
623:
618:
617:
615:
604:
601:
600:
592:
589:
588:
561:
550:
547:
542:
534:
532:
528:
523:
521:
517:
513:
512:Thomas Edison
502:
500:
495:
490:
488:
482:
480:
479:machine tools
475:
471:
470:
465:
464:
459:
455:
450:
443:
442:
437:
436:
430:
421:
419:
414:
410:
408:
404:
400:
399:
394:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
374:
369:
365:
357:
352:
348:
345:
334:
330:
328:
324:
310:
306:
297:
294:
285:
282:
279:
275:
270:
266:
262:
254:
248:
244:
235:
231:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
199:
197:
196:United States
193:
192:
187:
186:
181:
180:
174:
169:
167:
163:
162:Thomas Edison
159:
154:
151:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
115:2,000 (1860s)
114:
108:
105:
102:
98:
94:
91:
86:
82:
78:
74:United States
70:
69:New York City
66:
62:
58:
54:
51:
50:Manufacturing
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:in about 1881
31:
25:
20:
2345:
2270:
2255:
2243:
2224:
2208:
2198:Bibliography
2186:
2177:
2168:
2159:
2150:
2141:
2132:
2123:
2114:
2105:
2096:
2075:
2066:
2057:
2048:
2039:
2018:
2009:
2000:
1987:
1964:. Retrieved
1960:NYCRoads.com
1959:
1910:
1877:
1868:
1859:
1840:
1830:
1821:
1799:
1794:
1785:
1767:
1765:
1721:
1658:
1599:
1554:Henry Steers
1539:
1534:
1529:
1486:
1443:
1382:
1329:
1324:
1277:
1235:
1192:
1137:
1070:
989:
950:
942:
937:
895:
890:
839:
830:
825:
819:
767:
760:
711:
701:
679:
636:
630:
545:
540:
524:
508:
491:
483:
468:
462:
453:
451:
447:
440:
434:
415:
411:
406:
402:
397:
390:
385:
372:
360:
355:
340:
331:
327:Harlem River
320:
303:
295:
291:
283:
271:
267:
263:
259:
232:
228:
212:Howell Works
205:
190:
184:
178:
170:
147:
126:
122:
120:
90:Total assets
64:Headquarters
38:Company type
1626:New Orleans
1600:Rising Star
1022:Ordered by
238:Early years
2391:Categories
2330:John Roach
2234:0870217836
2205:Heyl, Erik
1966:2020-04-06
1851:References
1810:Mount Etna
1722:Providence
1506:NYC—Boston
1466:NYC—Boston
1405:NYC—Boston
1352:NYC—Boston
1297:NYC—Boston
1257:NYC—Boston
1215:NYC—Boston
1160:NYC—Boston
852:1865-10-05
840:Ammonoosuc
778:1866-12-26
775:1863-10-29
725:1865-06-27
722:1863-06-30
680:Rochambeau
652:1862-10-05
637:Rochambeau
631:Dunderberg
499:John Roach
469:Providence
441:Providence
386:Dunderberg
373:Dunderberg
356:Dunderberg
247:John Roach
202:Background
191:Providence
179:Dunderberg
153:John Roach
150:ironmolder
104:John Roach
2339:Companies
2323:Personnel
1778:Footnotes
1730:Steamboat
1668:Steamboat
1621:Star Line
1607:Steamship
1568:Nicaragua
1547:Steamship
1491:Freighter
1451:Freighter
1390:Freighter
1337:Freighter
1282:Freighter
1241:Freighter
1200:Steamship
1145:Steamship
1079:Steamship
820:Neshaminy
759:USS
750:Caribbean
700:USS
629:USS
572:Launched
454:Guerriere
371:USS
325:over the
177:USS
131:ironworks
2207:(1953).
1540:Nebraska
1428:, 1906.
1016:Builder
979:Horiz/BA
943:New York
926:Horiz/BA
798:Inclined
768:Sassacus
745:Inclined
712:Sassacus
702:Winooski
675:Horiz/BA
648:Ironclad
578:Builder
368:ironclad
80:Products
46:Industry
2218:1626009
1659:Bristol
1535:Managua
1444:Neptune
1383:Glaucus
1193:Oceanus
1138:Galatea
1071:Electra
999:Engine
938:Ontario
826:Arizona
772:Gunboat
718:Gunboat
555:Engine
463:Bristol
435:Bristol
407:Galatea
403:Electra
208:Ireland
185:Bristol
56:Founded
2277:
2262:
2231:
2216:
1814:Sicily
1487:Nereus
1426:Boston
1330:Pequot
1325:Thetis
1104:Boston
877:Geared
831:Nevada
761:Peoria
644:Unique
566:Class
563:Name
529:, the
398:Peoria
278:boiler
166:dynamo
2248:83–86
1993:83–86
1801:Aetna
1530:Leona
1278:Metis
1236:Doris
1055:Type
1049:(ins)
1037:(ins)
1019:Ton.
1010:Type
1007:Name
996:Ship
961:Never
958:Never
906:Never
903:Never
855:Never
655:Never
611:Type
605:(ins)
593:(ins)
581:Dsp.
575:Com.
569:Type
552:Ship
100:Owner
2275:ISBN
2260:ISBN
2229:ISBN
2214:OCLC
1739:2962
1733:1866
1680:2962
1672:1866
1624:NYC—
1618:2726
1610:1865
1566:NYC—
1558:2143
1550:1865
1518:I/DA
1500:1848
1494:1864
1478:I/DA
1460:1848
1454:1864
1417:I/DA
1399:1848
1393:1864
1364:V/DA
1346:1360
1340:1864
1309:V/DA
1291:1238
1285:1864
1269:V/DA
1251:1360
1245:1864
1227:V/DA
1209:1301
1203:1864
1172:V/DA
1154:1301
1148:1864
1117:V/DA
1093:1301
1083:1864
1046:Str.
1034:Cyl.
1028:No.
1013:Yr.
967:3954
951:Java
914:3954
896:Java
891:Java
865:3852
733:1173
663:7800
602:Str.
590:Cyl.
584:No.
474:bore
466:and
405:and
380:and
188:and
133:and
121:The
59:1852
1804:in
1754:144
1751:110
1699:144
1696:110
1636:144
1633:100
1578:144
1100:NYC
871:100
795:120
786:974
742:105
669:100
438:or
214:of
145:.
2393::
2281:).
2266:).
2084:^
2027:^
1975:^
1958:.
1945:^
1933:^
1919:^
1898:^
1886:^
1757:VB
1702:VB
1639:VB
1581:VB
1575:81
1515:36
1512:44
1475:36
1472:44
1414:36
1411:44
1361:40
1358:50
1306:40
1303:50
1266:40
1263:50
1224:36
1221:44
1169:36
1166:44
1114:36
1111:44
976:36
973:60
923:36
920:60
874:48
792:66
739:58
672:57
460:,
409:.
198:.
72:,
2308:e
2301:t
2294:v
2250:.
2237:.
1995:.
1969:.
1748:1
1693:1
1630:1
1572:1
1509:2
1469:2
1408:2
1355:1
1300:1
1260:1
1218:2
1163:2
1108:2
1102:—
970:1
917:1
868:2
789:1
736:1
666:2
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