Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church

1932: 69: 2143: 2642: 3081: 3416: 3527: 2028:, and nine bishops of diocese outside the region. The Patriarchate called it an "illegal appointment", where Abune Mathias decried it as "great event that has targeted the church". After not apologising for the illegal ordination, three Archbishops were excommunicated by the Holy Synod on 26 January. On 31 January 2023, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed convened a discussion surrounding the incident where he responded he is ready to resolve the conflict. The speech led backlash from the Holy Synod and accused his government of meddling in the Church in reference to 2892: 2080: 1817: 2566: 1062: 2204: 1904:

the Emperor's effort being the founding of the Theological College of the Holy Trinity Church in December 1944. A third development came after Haile Selassie's restoration to Ethiopia, when he issued, on 30 November, Decree Number 2 of 1942, a new law reforming the church. The primary objectives of this decree were to put the finances of the church in order, to create a central fund for its activities, and to set forth requirements for the appointment of clergy—which had been fairly lax until then.

2350: 1476: 2092: 1672: 9658: 1042: 2731: 9684: 3402: 9708: 2494: 5882: 2404: 9696: 9647: 3388: 2967: 1355: 1090: 35: 6632: 2933: 1072: 1052: 9720: 2047:. According Tewahedo Media Center (TMC), two Orthodox youth were killed and four others were injured by the Oromo Special Forces. Abune Henok, Archbishop of Addis Ababa Diocese described it as "shameful and heart-wrenching". In response to grievance, numerous celebrities expressed their solidarity to the Church via social media and other platforms and donned black clothing during three-days 304: 2131:/ቅዱሳን (angelic messengers and saints) conveys the prayers of the faithful to God and carries out the divine will, so when an Ethiopian Christian is in difficulty, he or she appeals to them as well as to God. In more formal and regular rituals, priests communicate on behalf of the community, and only priests may enter the inner sanctum of the usually circular or octagonal church where the 9732: 1884: 1617: 1836:, Daniels says "the Ethiopian Church conferred legitimacy on Luther's emerging Protestant vision of a church outside the authority of the Roman Catholic papacy" as it was "an ancient church with direct ties to the apostles". According to Daniels, Martin Luther saw that the Ethiopian Orthodox Church practiced elements of faith including " 2071:, the Secretary of the Holy Synod announced that the demonstration would be postponed following peaceful talks with the Prime Minister and a government agreement to solve the problem. On 15 February, the Church reached an agreement with the illegally ordinated synod. The government lifted the internet ban after five months on 17 July. 1990:, who was recognized by the Coptic Orthodox Pope of Alexandria. The former Merkorios then fled abroad, and announced from exile that his abdication had been made under duress and thus he was still the legitimate Patriarch of Ethiopia. Several bishops also went into exile and formed a break-away alternate synod. The 2135:("ark") dedicated to the church's patron saint is housed. On important religious holidays, the tabot is carried on the head of a priest and escorted in procession outside the church. It is the tabot, not the church, which is consecrated. At many services, most parish members remain in the outer ring, where 2804:, men and women sit separately in the Ethiopian church, with men on the left and women on the right (when facing the altar). (Women covering their heads and separation of the sexes in churches officially is common to few other Christian traditions; it is also the rule in some non-Christian religions, 2374:

study, 74% of Christians in Ethiopia report having experienced or witnessed an exorcism. Demon-possessed persons are brought to a church or prayer meeting. Often, when an ill person has not responded to modern medical treatment, the affliction is attributed to demons. Unusual or especially perverse

1969:

of the Ethiopian Church had not removed Tewophilos and that the government had not publicly acknowledged his death, and he was thus still the legitimate Patriarch of Ethiopia. Formal relations between the two churches were halted, although they remained in communion with each other. Formal relations

1903:

ordered a new translation which appeared in 1960/1. Haile Selassie also played a prominent role in further reforms of the church, which included encouraging the distribution of Abu Rumi's translation throughout Ethiopia, as well as his promotion of improved education of clergy, a significant step in

4173:

Luther expressed his approval of the Church of Ethiopia along with his embrace of Deacon Michael in a letter dated July 4, 1534: "For this reason we ask that good people would demonstrate Christian love also to this visitor." According to Luther, Michael responded positively to his articles of the

2952:

or "chant", which divided into three modes: Ge'ez (ordinary days), Ezel (fast days and Lent) and Araray (principal feasts). It is important to Ethiopian liturgy and divided into fourteen Anaphoras, the normal use being of the Twelve Apostles. In ancient times, there were six Anaphoras used by many

2383:

It includes singing praise and victory songs, reading from the Scripture, prayer and confronting the spirit in the name of Jesus. Dialogue with the spirit is another important part of the exorcism ceremony. It helps the counsellor (exorcist) to know how the spirit was operating in the life of the

2162:

is given only to those who feel pure, have fasted regularly, and have, in general, properly conducted themselves. In practice, communion is mainly limited to young children and the elderly; those who are at a sexually active age or who have sexual desires generally do not receive the Eucharist.

5281:

Curator's comments… The Tabots remain in the Qeddest Qeddusan and are only brought out of the churches at festival times or in times of calamity, in order to pray for divine help. When they leave the Queddest Qeddusan they are carried on the heads of priests, veiled from public view by richly

352: 1604:

around 180 AD writes that "Simon Backos" preached the good news in his homeland outlining also the theme of his preaching as being the coming in flesh of God that "was preached to you all before." The same kind of witness is shared by 3rd and 4th century writers such as

1915:

were immediately consecrated by the Coptic Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of All Africa, empowered to elect a new patriarch for their church, and the successor to Qerellos IV would have the power to consecrate new bishops. This promotion was completed when Coptic Orthodox

1429:; i.e., a belief that a complete, natural union of the divine and human natures into one is self-evident to accomplish the divine salvation of humankind. This is in contrast to the "two natures of Christ" belief (unmixed, but unseparated divine and human natures, called the 2388:

The exorcism is not always successful, and Geleta notes another instance in which the usual methods were unsuccessful, and the demons apparently left the subject at a later time. In any event, "in all cases the spirit is commanded in no other name than the name of Jesus."

5827: 2019:

Declaring the end of a 26-year-old schism, the church announced that it acknowledges two Patriarchs, Merkorios, Fourth Patriarch of Ethiopia and Mathias I, Sixth Patriarch and Catholicos of Ethiopia, Archbishop of Axum and Ichege of the See of Saint Taklehaimanot.

4334: 2625:, circular or rectangular, surrounds the body of the church. Modern Ethiopian churches may incorporate the basilican or native styles and use contemporary construction techniques and materials. In rural areas, the church and outer court are often 2195:

days, during which adherents abstain from consuming meat and animal products, and refrain from sexual activity. The Ethiopian Orthodox Church has 250 fasting days, 180 of which are obligatory for laypeople, not just monks and priests, when

6406: 6176: 1804:. Susenyos made Roman Catholicism the official state religion but was met with heavy resistance by his subjects and by the authorities of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, and eventually had to abdicate in 1632 in favour of his son, 5831: 3700: 6321: 6161: 2067:. On the next day, the delegation of Synod held an urgent meeting with Abiy at his office, which resulted in condemnation of the proclaimed Oromia Synod from Abiy. On 12 February, a nationwide protest was postponed. 1773:, had been sent as an Ethiopian envoy to Portugal. In 1520, an embassy under Dom Rodrigo de Lima landed in Ethiopia. An interesting account of the Portuguese mission, which lasted for several years, was written by 6181: 2850:

The Ethiopian Church does not call for circumcision, yet it is a cultural practice. It is not regarded as being necessary to salvation. The liturgy explicitly mentions, "let us not be circumcised like the Jews."

5524:

The king presided, overruled the bishops who were committed to the more usual position that Sunday only was a holy day, and decreed that the Sabbatarian teaching of the northern monks became the position of the

2023:

On 22 January 2023, an attempt to overthrow Abune Mathias was failed following a secret formation of new 26-made bishop Synod led by Abune Sawiros in Oromia Region diocese, such as in Haro Beale Wold Church in

1973:

Tekle Haymanot proved to be much less accommodating to the Derg regime than it had expected, and so when the patriarch died in 1988, a new patriarch with closer ties to the regime was sought. The Archbishop of

5857:

Abune Fanuel, archbishop of Washington DC for the Ethiopian Orthodox church is surrounded by young deacons and clergy as he speaks during a demonstration at the White House on February 05, 2023 in Washington,

5455:

Prayers 7 times a day are enjoined, and the most strict among the Copts recite one of more of the Psalms of David each time they pray. They always wash their hands and faces before devotions, and turn to the

1808:, who promptly restored Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity as the state religion. He then in 1633 expelled the Jesuits, and in 1665 Fasilides ordered that all Jesuit books (the Books of the Franks) be burned. 5040: 1291:). The distinction of this stance was that the incarnate Christ has one nature, but that one nature is of the two natures, divine and human, and retains all the characteristics of both after the union. 2677:. Only one priest is allowed into the building where the Ark is located, ostensibly due to biblical warnings of danger. As a result, international scholars doubt that the original Ark is truly there. 6432: 4203:

Luther extended full fellowship to Deacon Michael and the Ethiopian Church, an invitation Luther withheld from the Bohemian Brethren (the Hussites) and Reformed Churches connected to Ulrich Zwingli.

2593:

at Axum is an example of the basilican design, though the early basilicas are nearly all in ruin. These examples show the influence of the architects who, in the 6th century, built the basilicas at

6196: 4424: 7835: 6479: 6475: 2111:

of the Virgin Mary, the angels, and the saints, besides others. According to the Ethiopian Orthodox Church itself, there are no non-Christian elements in the religion other than those from the

6236: 1895:

In more modern times, the Ethiopian Church has experienced a series of developments. The 19th century witnessed the publication of an Amharic translation of the Bible. Largely the work of

1647:, known by the local population in Ethiopia as "Selama, Kesaté Birhan" ("Father of Peace, Revealer of Light"). As a youth, Frumentius had been shipwrecked with his brother Aedesius on the 6471: 6346: 6336: 6141: 2068: 6351: 6241: 6171: 2375:

deeds, particularly when performed in public, are symptomatic of a demoniac. Superhuman strength—such as breaking one's bindings, as described in the New Testament accounts—along with

2177:

Daily services constitute only a small part of an Ethiopian Orthodox Christian's religious observance. Several holy days require prolonged services, singing and dancing, and feasting.

6411: 6331: 6296: 6281: 6266: 6221: 6156: 6462: 4385: 2326:

In addition to standard holy days, most Christians observe many saints' days. A man might give a small feast on his personal saint's day. The local voluntary association (called the

6286: 5648:

The Ethiopian and Coptic Churches distinguishes between clean and unclean meats, observes days of ritual purification, and keeps a kind of dual Sabbath on both Saturday and Sunday.

4524: 6386: 6361: 6206: 6186: 6151: 6136: 2186: 1015: 1572:

Then the angel of the Lord said to Philip, Start out and go south to the road that leads down from Jerusalem to Gaza. So he set out and was on his way when he caught sight of an

7543: 6458: 6449: 6440: 6371: 6341: 6326: 6311: 6301: 6291: 6256: 6251: 6146: 6121: 4896: 6381: 6376: 6316: 6271: 6231: 6126: 6436: 6356: 6306: 6246: 6226: 6216: 6131: 4774: 2816: 2005:

As of 2005, there are many Ethiopian Orthodox churches located throughout the United States and other countries to which Ethiopians have migrated (Archbishop Yesehaq 1997).

6366: 6276: 6166: 2819:

in order to acknowledge that one is offering prayer before a holy God. Ethiopian Orthodox worshippers remove their shoes when entering a church temple, in accordance with

5014: 3042:, an Ethiopian Patriarch-Catholicos of Eritrea also carrying the title of Abuna is the head of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. The Abuna is officially known as 1796:

envoys went to Ethiopia, followed by Oviedo himself, to secure the king's adherence to Rome. After repeated failures some measure of success was achieved under Emperor

4599: 8858: 8188: 7337: 1596:

version of this verse reads "Hendeke" (ህንደኬ); Queen Gersamot Hendeke VII was the Queen of Ethiopia from c. 42 to 52. Where the possibility of gospel missions by the

5845: 2044: 8401: 2296:). It begins with Sibket on 15th Hedar and ends on Christmas Eve with the feast of Gena and the 29th of Tahsas and 28th if the year is preceded by leap year. 8893: 4410: 1995: 1983: 1247:; i.e., a complete union of the divine and human natures into one nature is self-evident to accomplish the divine salvation of mankind, as opposed to the " 1010: 5894: 6517: 3479: 2984: 2862:, for example after leaving the latrine, lavatory or bathhouse, or before prayer, or after eating a meal. The Ethiopian Orthodox Church observes days of 1372: 1118: 4953: 4574: 2613:(though either style may be found elsewhere). In both forms, the sanctuary is square and stands clear in the centre, and the arrangements are based on 6052: 9757: 6807: 4108: 1703:

and to enforce the observance of canonical consecration for all churches. These examples show the close relations of the two churches throughout the

4283: 4525:"News Analysis: As schism deepens, Orthodox Synod slams PM Abiy's remarks on ongoing crisis point by point, threaten to organize worldwide protest" 3039: 5468: 6693: 4699: 7553: 7300: 697: 4135: 1533:

in a mission which lasted for at least three months. Paintings depicting these missions can be seen in the Church of St. Matthew found in the

9361: 8484: 7112: 5113: 4723: 4425:"Analysis: Shock, controversy rocks Ethiopian Orthodox Church after Popes suspended for involving in "illegal appointment" threaten to split" 7820: 3647: 1860:". Luther believed that the Ethiopian church kept true apostolic practices which the Lutherans would adopt through reading the scriptures. 1272: 4499: 4187: 2902:

A debtera is an itinerant lay priest figure (not a member of the priesthood) trained by the Ethiopian Church to function principally as a

2831:, was commanded to remove his shoes while standing on holy ground). Furthermore, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church upholds a form of 2710:

is carried around the outside of the church amid joyful song on the feast day of that particular church's namesake. On the great Feast of

2517:(Pantelewon, Gerima (Isaac, or Yeshaq), Aftse, Guba, Alef, Yem’ata, Liqanos, and Sehma), who are believed to have fled persecution by the 2379:

are observed in the afflicted. Amsalu Geleta, in a modern case study, relates elements that are common to Ethiopian Christian exorcisms:

9752: 8284: 5446: 4449: 2866:. People who are ritually unclean may approach the church but are not permitted to enter it; they instead stand near the church door and 1875:

agreed with that used by the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. As a result, Luther invited the Ethiopian church and Michael to full fellowship.

1065: 17: 5903: 4474: 1931: 9317: 7857: 6961: 2095:

Priests and deacons conducting a church liturgy service at Debre Meheret Kedus Michael Ethiopian Orthodox Cathedral, Washington, DC, US

1965:

was enthroned. The Coptic Orthodox Church refused to recognize the election and enthronement of Tekle Haymanot on the grounds that the

1951:. The new Marxist government began nationalizing property (including land) owned by the church. Tewophilos was arrested in 1976 by the 1828:

David Daniels has suggested that the Ethiopian Church has had a stronger impact on the Reformation than most scholars acknowledge. For

1465: 510: 4548: 1659:

after him. In 2016, archaeologists excavated a 4th-century AD basilica (radio-carbon dated) in northeastern Ethiopia at a site called

8868: 7163: 5565: 5551: 4903: 4157: 1687:. Abu Saleh records in the 12th century that the patriarch always sent letters twice a year to the kings of Abyssinia (Ethiopia) and 2015:

On 25 July 2018, delegates from the Patriarchate in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and those in the United States, declared reunification in

8820: 8772: 8329: 8279: 7586: 7199: 3444: 2553:

translations of the Ge'ez Scriptures during his reign (1930–1974): one in 1935 before World War II and one afterwards (1960–1961).

1338: 1075: 4771: 7591: 6652: 6510: 1111: 465: 5483: 2170:, maintaining the Orthodox teaching that God is united in three persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. This concept is known as 8750: 8740: 8504: 8436: 8304: 7548: 7456: 7187: 7107: 7055: 6853: 6098: 1452:" (meaning "One Single Nature", in allusion to Jesus Christ). However, these churches themselves describe their Christology as 5018: 4306: 3632:

Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church has an estimated 36 million adherents, nearly 14% of the world's total Orthodox population.

2103:

Christianity as it has developed in Ethiopia over the centuries. Christian beliefs include belief in God (in Ge'ez / Amharic,

9329: 7065: 6800: 5724: 5630:

Judged by the Law of Freedom: A History of the Faith-works Controversy, and a Resolution in the Thought of St. Thomas Aquinas

5612: 5297: 4344: 2815:

Before praying, the Ethiopian Orthodox wash their hands and face, in order to be clean before and present their best to God;

925: 5087:

In Ethiopia, 74% of Christians say they have experienced or witnessed the devil or evil spirits being driven out of a person

9454: 7842: 1184: 960: 317: 211: 73: 9492: 8037: 5740: 4174:

Christian faith, proclaiming: "This is a good creed, that is, faith" (see Martin Luther, Table-Talk, November 17, 1538 ).

1055: 321: 4649: 7635: 6657: 6503: 3469: 1219: 1104: 469: 264: 5537: 5017:. Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church Sunday School Department – Mahibere Kidusan. Why Fifty-Five Days?. Archived from 9378: 8477: 8274: 6708: 6611: 5995: 5964: 5940: 5641: 5517: 4880: 4053: 3893: 3570: 3548: 3454: 3006: 2339: 1991: 1651:

coast. The brothers managed to be brought to the royal court, where they rose to positions of influence and baptized

1394: 1180: 434: 402: 273: 268: 4600:"News: Orthodox Synod declares it faithful to wear black for the Fast of Nineveh in protest against "illegal group"" 3541: 2476:

of Genesis 6. The current 81-book version, published in 1986, contains the same text as previously published in the

2330:) connected with each church honours its patron saint with a special service and a feast two or three times a year. 1947:. With the fall of Emperor Haile Selassie in 1974, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church was disestablished as the 1155:

originating before European colonization of the continent, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church dates back to the

9622: 8052: 7951: 7410: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6793: 6683: 6670: 6621: 6057: 4988: 2570: 2398: 1643:

in the 4th century when priesthood and the sacraments were brought for the first time through a Syrian Greek named

1188: 478: 382: 119: 4674: 1521:, where a specific mention of "Ethiopia south of the Caspian Sea" can be confirmed in some traditions such as the 8889: 8787: 8755: 8137: 7867: 7606: 7563: 7446: 7436: 7246: 7209: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6848: 3897: 3830: 3789: 3623: 2734: 2658: 2646: 2590: 1999: 970: 539: 240: 3668: 9581: 8830: 8745: 8451: 8419: 8246: 8165: 7596: 7366: 7282: 7173: 6211: 2988: 2545:

sources. The first translation into a modern vernacular was done in the 19th century by a man usually known as

2286: 2029: 2008:

Paulos died on 16 August 2012. On 28 February 2013, a college of electors assembled in Addis Ababa and elected

2002:. The schism has met opposition from dissent that saw it as a disintegration of Ethiopia's spiritual heritage. 1376: 860: 8548: 5323: 9388: 8710: 8441: 8431: 8195: 7852: 7650: 7620: 7461: 7312: 7265: 7003: 6201: 2033: 1506: 618: 496: 456: 1584:

The passage continues by describing how Philip helped the Ethiopian treasurer understand a passage from the

9393: 8470: 7630: 6107: 3434: 2478: 2469: 1917: 1731:

influence, which broke the connection with Egypt, began a new chapter in church history. The initiative in

770: 1998:

from the Ethiopian Orthodox Church on 28 September 1993 following ratification by Coptic church Patriarch

9464: 9245: 9107: 7994: 7640: 7625: 7611: 7518: 7508: 6998: 6261: 6191: 5633: 4291: 3035: 2773: 1925: 1692: 1215: 1045: 333: 5241: 4043: 9674: 9574: 9536: 9023: 7645: 7513: 7317: 6091: 3864: 3474: 3025: 2680:

Throughout Ethiopia, Orthodox churches are not considered churches until the local bishop gives them a

2630: 2262:

The fast Tsome Dihnet (ጾመ ድህነት), which is on Wednesdays in commemoration of the plot organized to kill

1837: 1514: 1148: 975: 613: 129: 3810: 3802: 2282:

and spans up to Easter, in other words all Wednesdays and Fridays except during 50 days after Easter).

2236:). This fast is divided into three separate periods: Tsome Hirkal (ጾመ ህርቃል), eight days commemorating 2200:

food is eaten by the faithful. During the 40-day Advent fast, only one vegan meal is allowed per day.

9617: 9607: 9569: 9324: 9134: 9102: 9056: 9033: 8424: 7907: 7371: 7261: 6744: 6601: 6036: 5421: 5381: 4843: 3459: 3044:

Patriarch and Catholicos of Ethiopia, Archbishop of Axum and Ichege of the See of Saint Taklahaimanot

2764:, specifically with regard to the slaughter of animals. Similarly, pork is prohibited, though unlike 1872: 1488: 1279:, the leading protagonist in the Christological debates of the 4th and 5th centuries, who advocated " 1192: 1172: 648: 549: 461: 377: 191: 68: 5153: 2702:). It is always kept in ornate coverings on the altar. Only priests are allowed to see or touch the 2384:

demoniac. The signs and events mentioned by the spirit are affirmed by the victim after deliverance.

9597: 9502: 9497: 9312: 9277: 9203: 9159: 9154: 8951: 8777: 8622: 8519: 8514: 8446: 8414: 8309: 7989: 7802: 7295: 7231: 5710: 5264: 3834: 3535: 3484: 3449: 3439: 830: 820: 554: 7830: 5110: 4802: 1283:, or "one (mia) nature of the Word of God incarnate" (μία φύσις τοῦ θεοῦ λόγου σεσαρκωμένη) and a 9282: 9016: 8921: 8810: 8760: 8617: 8534: 8509: 7717: 7657: 7533: 7415: 7214: 6816: 6703: 6004:

Mikre-Sellassie Gebre-Amanuel. 1993. "The Bible and its canon in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church."

5213: 2977: 2927: 2836: 2741: 2740:

The Ethiopian Church places a heavier emphasis on Old Testament teachings than one might find in

1961:, and secretly executed in 1979. The government ordered the church to elect a new Patriarch, and 1526: 1438: 1365: 810: 746: 584: 534: 520: 425: 5130: 2722:

to celebrate the occasion at a common location where a pool of water or a river is to be found.

2142: 1986:

government, Merkorios abdicated under public pressure. The church then elected a new Patriarch,

1309:") without separation, without confusion, without alteration and without mixing where Christ is 9602: 9193: 9051: 8993: 8884: 8863: 8628: 8377: 8264: 7882: 7503: 7424: 7400: 6832: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6719: 6616: 6591: 6545: 4928: 3552: 2859: 2793: 1203: 1196: 920: 890: 673: 668: 663: 574: 564: 474: 452: 430: 421: 372: 367: 4870: 4747: 4575:"Celebrities, Diplomats, and Influencers Stand United in Support of Ethiopian Orthodox Church" 2641: 1856:, which the Lutherans disagreed with, and thus for Luther, the Ethiopian church was the "true 1588:

that the Ethiopian was reading. After Philip interpreted the passage as prophecy referring to

9661: 9260: 8986: 8795: 8698: 8653: 8582: 8372: 8314: 8205: 8200: 8078: 8072: 7872: 7420: 7385: 7290: 7204: 6986: 6084: 5604: 5425: 4191: 4161: 4113: 3080: 2877:, and attribute the Judaic character of Ethiopian Christianity, in part, to their influence. 1557: 1522: 1497:

speaks of the "Ethiopians present in Jerusalem" as being able to understand the preaching of

1176: 985: 589: 569: 559: 136: 5714: 3504: 1871:, saying "This is a good creed, that is, faith". In addition, Martin Luther stated that the 9482: 9432: 9417: 9294: 9003: 8903: 8853: 8848: 8805: 8765: 8693: 8362: 8319: 8269: 8057: 8009: 8004: 7979: 7815: 7769: 7672: 7662: 7498: 7491: 7342: 7256: 7028: 7018: 6981: 6538: 3280: 2781: 2757: 2753: 2522: 2218: 2056: 1962: 1502: 1484: 1334: 579: 97: 5572: 4045:

Laetentur Caeli: Bulls of Union with the Greeks, Armenians, Coptic, and Ethiopian Churches

2460:

with which they are often confused.) The canonical Enoch differs from the editions of the

1774: 8: 9700: 9651: 9627: 9612: 9531: 9521: 9507: 9487: 9477: 9447: 9427: 9356: 9087: 8916: 8843: 8673: 8602: 8529: 8386: 8367: 8107: 8102: 8029: 7747: 7722: 7601: 7581: 7528: 7429: 7327: 7224: 7192: 7136: 6606: 6041: 5956:

Christ in Christian Tradition: The Church of Alexandria with Nubia and Ethiopia after 451

5869: 4840: 3393: 3371: 2863: 2662: 2650: 2510: 2371: 2060: 1868: 1857: 1840:, vernacular Scriptures, and married clergy" and these practices became customary in the 1766: 1683:

Union with the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria continued after the Arab conquest of

1655:. Frumentius is also believed to have established the first monastery in Ethiopia, named 1530: 1518: 1445: 1276: 1094: 955: 795: 515: 387: 5351: 2533:

originally translated into Ge'ez, but later revisions show clear evidence of the use of

1275:. The Oriental Orthodox Churches adhere to a miaphysite Christological view followed by 9526: 9472: 9383: 9373: 9164: 9079: 9028: 8638: 8334: 8084: 8014: 7931: 7919: 7896: 7692: 7466: 7307: 7251: 7241: 7043: 6827: 6526: 5920: 5788: 5462: 5324:"Liturgical Worship, Part Three: Unique Features of Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church" 4311: 3772: 3764: 3320: 3247: 3237: 2765: 2715: 2633:, acting as a reservoir of biodiversity in otherwise de-forested parts of the country. 2319: 2147: 1936: 1864: 1821: 1632: 1561: 1422: 1152: 980: 895: 865: 717: 707: 594: 544: 341: 107: 7405: 5282:

decorated cloths. Ornate silk umbrellas are held over the Tabots as a sign of respect.

4875:. Äthiopistische Forschungen. Vol. 44. Wiesbaden: Harassowitz. pp. 256–257. 2891: 2251:

Fast of the Apostles, 10–40 days, which the Apostles kept after they had received the

1243:

word meaning "united as one". This word refers to the Oriental Orthodox belief in the

9736: 9563: 9442: 9348: 9272: 9171: 9144: 9063: 9011: 8961: 8720: 8688: 8683: 8678: 8668: 8658: 8607: 8259: 8178: 8173: 8127: 8067: 7936: 7732: 7117: 7038: 6976: 6535: 6014:"Miaphysitism: A New Term for Use in the History of Dogma and in Ecumenical Theology" 5991: 5960: 5936: 5792: 5780: 5720: 5637: 5608: 5513: 4876: 4404: 4386:"Ethiopian Church officially declared reunification in the presence of PM Abiy Ahmed" 4340: 4284:""Common Declaration" of Pope Shenoudah III, Catholicos Aram I, and Patriarch Paulos" 4214: 4049: 3889: 3776: 3756: 3325: 3252: 2910:. But often he is also a folk healer, who may also function in roles comparable to a 2874: 2769: 2598: 2578: 2079: 1751: 1411: 1310: 1229: 995: 910: 835: 392: 254: 187: 8122: 2800:) while in church, as described in 1 Corinthians, chapter 11. As with Orthodox 2270:

and the members of the house of the high priest and Fridays in commemoration of the

1907:

The Coptic and Ethiopian churches reached an agreement on 13 July 1948, that led to

1337:

in 451, an incident that resulted in the second major split in the main body of the

9307: 9149: 9124: 8703: 8663: 8019: 7959: 7347: 7332: 7033: 7013: 7008: 6991: 6971: 6754: 6739: 6561: 5950: 5806: 5770: 5759:"An Ethiopian Scholar in Tridentine Rome: Täsfa Ṣeyon and the Birth of Orientalism" 5692: 5660:

Pedersen, Kristen Stoffregen (1999). "Is the Church of Ethiopia a Judaic Church?".

5331: 5218: 4360: 3748: 3715: 3489: 3359: 3231: 3216: 3211: 2867: 2809: 2749: 2518: 2192: 2084: 2016: 1944: 1888: 1816: 1784:

wished to take up the task of conversion, but was forbidden to do so. Instead, the

1728: 1636: 1625: 1597: 1573: 1553: 1534: 1430: 1284: 1260: 1256: 1160: 1136: 885: 880: 658: 643: 244: 201: 141: 2565: 1899:

over ten years in Cairo, this version, with some changes, held sway until Emperor

1663:. This is the earliest known physical evidence of a church in sub-Saharan Africa. 9712: 9688: 9516: 9422: 9213: 8911: 8392: 8294: 8232: 7974: 7925: 7471: 7126: 6062: 5985: 5981: 5954: 5924: 5182: 5117: 4778: 4623: 3464: 3407: 3350: 3065:, Patriarch and Head of all Archbishops of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church 2907: 2777: 2538: 2366: 2300: 2163:

Worshipers receiving communion may enter the middle ring of the church to do so.

2051:. On 9 February, the government imposed restrictions on social sites targeted to 2048: 1979: 1845: 1841: 1789: 1781: 1732: 1494: 1434: 1421:) is a Ge'ez word meaning "being made one" or "unified". This word refers to the 1252: 1005: 1000: 855: 800: 775: 712: 702: 311: 5070: 4800: 1982:. Following the fall of the Derg regime in 1991, and the coming to power of the 1456:, meaning "one united nature" about Jesus (the Greek equivalent of "Tewahedo"). 9724: 9512: 9412: 9208: 9097: 9043: 8976: 8956: 8715: 8556: 8396: 8382: 8357: 8352: 8143: 8117: 8047: 7862: 7764: 7759: 7742: 7682: 7576: 7523: 7352: 7272: 7121: 6774: 6731: 6076: 5269: 4987:: Debre Selam Medhanealem Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. 28 January 2015. 4932: 3315: 3307: 3265: 3226: 3187: 2832: 2820: 2465: 2429: 2203: 1958: 1921: 1900: 1747: 1585: 1542: 1314: 905: 870: 765: 741: 678: 505: 183: 114: 5775: 5758: 2349: 2099:

The faith and practice of Orthodox Ethiopian Christians include elements from

1978:, a member of the Derg-era Ethiopian Parliament, was elected and enthroned as 9746: 9437: 9368: 9218: 8926: 8566: 8561: 8299: 8236: 8225: 8112: 7999: 7902: 7890: 7754: 7727: 7667: 7146: 6966: 6749: 6565: 5898: 5888: 5784: 4849: 4549:"Three Killed in Attacks on Ethiopian Orthodox Church, According to a Report" 3976: 3908: 3760: 3421: 3335: 3301: 3176: 3120:

Yaekob, archbishop of Georgia and its surrounding areas (Southeastern States)

3062: 3047: 2840: 2745: 2606: 2602: 2601:. There are two forms of native churches: one oblong, traditionally found in 2530: 2437: 2354: 2154:, typically carried on long poles in Ethiopian Orthodox religious processions 2151: 2120: 2112: 2009: 1829: 1712: 1696: 1676: 1652: 1640: 1621: 1565: 1549: 1449: 1202:

The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church had been administratively part of the

840: 653: 151: 5680: 2918:. Folklore and legends ascribe the role of magician to the debtera as well. 1824:, a 15th-century Ethiopian monk and ascetic of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church 1715:

and a French visitor led to the dispatch of an embassy from Ethiopia to the

9250: 9198: 9129: 9119: 8800: 8732: 8597: 8493: 8324: 8254: 8132: 7941: 7912: 7779: 7476: 7219: 7178: 6713: 5696: 5538:"Issue 122 – Circumcision and the Copts | the British Orthodox Church" 5445: 5377: 5111:

Case Study: Demonization and the Practice of Exorcism in Ethiopian Churches

3593: 3241: 3117:

Philipos, archbishop of Pennsylvania and Head of Eyesus Church in Baltimore

2855: 2844: 2828: 2629:, with mud-built walls. The church buildings are typically surrounded by a 2275: 2263: 2100: 1987: 1948: 1656: 1589: 1480: 1475: 1453: 1330: 1298: 1294: 1248: 1244: 1156: 900: 760: 736: 608: 6785: 5907:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 95–96. 5809:. Edmonton, AB: Debre Selam Medhanealem Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church 4854: 4835: 3092:

Dimetros, Archbishop of the United Arab Emirates and its surrounding areas

2748:

churches, and its followers adhere to certain practices that one finds in

2307:. It comes on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday of the third week before Lent. 1592:, the Ethiopian requested that Philip baptize him, and Philip did so. The 1580:(Candace) Queen of Ethiopia in charge of all her treasure. (Acts, 8:26–27) 9552: 9302: 9265: 9114: 8966: 8941: 8838: 7964: 7825: 7796: 7737: 7712: 7707: 7571: 7486: 7380: 7361: 7070: 6581: 6569: 6542: 5681:"Ethiopian Christianity: A continuum of African Early Christian polities" 5596: 4984: 4980: 4810: 4500:"Ethiopian Church threatens to stage a nationwide peaceful demonstration" 3720: 3292: 3256: 3200: 3031: 2514: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2408: 2376: 2271: 2252: 2091: 1908: 1853: 1833: 1704: 1660: 1498: 1426: 1268: 1264: 1207: 915: 815: 683: 215: 77: 5051:: Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church Keraneyo Medhane Alem. 3 March 2021 4833:

Turner, John W. "Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity: Faith and practices".

4700:"Ethiopia Orthodox leaders postpone protest called amid hegemony claims" 3503: 1671: 9400: 9139: 8936: 8592: 8524: 8344: 8094: 8042: 7847: 7677: 7322: 7151: 7095: 7090: 5451:

A Sketch of Egyptian History from the Earliest Times to the Present Day

4475:"Ethiopian Orthodox Church Excommunicated three subversive Archbishops" 3768: 3736: 2991: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2730: 2674: 2670: 2526: 2108: 2040: 1797: 1708: 1644: 1379: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1318: 1206:

from the first half of the 4th century until 1959, when it was granted

950: 845: 229: 165: 5846:"Protest Held In Washington, DC Against Religious Attacks In Ethiopia" 5120:". Lausanne Committee for World Evangelization, Nairobi, August 2000. 2482:, only with some minor modifications to the New Testament translation. 9557: 9405: 9240: 9230: 9223: 9181: 9176: 8971: 8931: 8339: 8289: 8215: 8210: 7984: 7969: 7697: 7687: 7390: 7376: 7100: 6495: 3957:

Meskel and the Ethiopians. EOTC Publication Committee, September 2015

3192: 2801: 2691: 2690:

is at least six inches (15 cm) square, and it is made of either

2626: 2622: 2493: 2279: 2256: 2245: 2237: 2159: 1849: 1805: 1770: 1624:, under whom Early Christianity became the established church of the 1326: 1211: 825: 6053:

CNEWA article by Ronald Roberson: Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church

6013: 3999:

Meskel and the Ethiopians. EOTC Publication Committee September 2015

3752: 2966: 2403: 1354: 9707: 8946: 8815: 8183: 8062: 7702: 7481: 7395: 7141: 7131: 7085: 7080: 7075: 3340: 2915: 2586: 2582: 2546: 2473: 2461: 2445: 2441: 2361: 2267: 2197: 2052: 1896: 1800:, but not until 1624 did the Emperor make formal submission to the 1740: 1716: 1700: 1606: 1601: 1593: 1548:

The earliest account of an Ethiopian converted to the faith in the

1510: 1168: 965: 850: 731: 219: 161: 6631: 5887:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

3046:. The incumbent head of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church is 2594: 2506: 1788:

sent out João Nunes Barreto as patriarch of the East Indies, with

1240: 351: 175: 9695: 9646: 9255: 9235: 9092: 8981: 8220: 8150: 7810: 7774: 6557: 6549: 6042:

Ethiopian Religions – Christianity, Islam, Judaism & Paganism

5487: 5407:

The Church of Ethiopia – A panorama of History and Spiritual Life

5048: 5044: 4848:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

4807:

The Church of Ethiopia – A Panorama of History and Spiritual Life

4801:

Professor Sergew Hable Sellassie & Belaynesh Mikael (2003) .

4724:"Ethiopian Orthodox Church reaches deal with three rogue bishops" 3387: 3329: 3270: 3164: 2932: 2896: 2886: 2761: 2614: 2554: 2550: 2167: 2136: 1952: 1759: 1648: 1600:

cannot be directly inferred from the Books of the New Testament,

1577: 1322: 1089: 990: 805: 179: 34: 6046: 5484:"Did you know Muslims pray in a similar way to some Christians?" 5041:"Great Lent - Abiy Tsom - ዐብይ ጾም First Sunday - Zewerede - ዘወረደ" 2956: 2760:, traditionally follow dietary rules that are similar to Jewish 2187:

Fasting and abstinence in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church

1517:

includes Ethiopia in his list as one of the regions preached by

8462: 7236: 7156: 7023: 5987:

Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450-680 A.D.

5355: 4954:"A 40-Day Vegan Fast, Then, At Last, A January Christmas Feast" 4650:"Internet blocked in Ethiopia after church rift turns violence" 3829: 3297: 3220: 3172: 2937: 2911: 2903: 2789: 2788:). Women are prohibited from entering the church temple during 2711: 2699: 2695: 2618: 2542: 2534: 2498: 2315: 2293: 2232: 2227: 2226:

Fast for Hudadi or Abiye Tsome (Great Lent), 55 days prior to

2213: 2208: 2191:

An important religious requirement, however, is the keeping of

2064: 2025: 1975: 1912: 1744: 1610: 1306: 1020: 3595: 3123:

Ewesatewos, archbishop of Minnesota and its surrounding areas.

2585:. Besides these, two main types of architecture are found—one 2505:

The divine services of the Ethiopian Church are celebrated in

9188: 8648: 8587: 8544: 7784: 6573: 6553: 4158:"Martin Luther and Ethiopian Christianity: Historical Traces" 4136:"Martin Luther and Ethiopian Christianity: Historical Traces" 3429: 3344: 3275: 2945: 2824: 2805: 2785: 2682: 2666: 2610: 2418:

in pencil and ink, from a manuscript copy of Weddasé Māryām,

2304: 2132: 1966: 1883: 1755: 1688: 1684: 1538: 945: 875: 5975:

The Ethiopian Tewahedo Church: An Integrally African Church.

3684:

Population 116,462,712 (2023 est.)… Ethiopian Orthodox 43.8%

3618: 3616: 2944:

The music of Ethiopian Orthodox Church traced back to Saint

2858:

and traditionally follow rituals that are similar to Jewish

1891:, head of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (1841–1867) 5328:

Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church Sunday School Department

5154:"The Biblical Canon Of The Ethiopian Orthodox Church Today" 3701:"Beta Samati: discovery and excavation of an Aksumite town" 3182: 2949: 2428:

The Orthodox Tewahedo Church Canon contains 81 books. This

2241: 1955: 1801: 1785: 1736: 5959:. Vol. 2/4. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press. 4234:, second edition (London: Faber and Faber, 1969), pp. 121f 3792:, World Council of Churches website (accessed 2 June 2009) 2873:

Rugare Rukuni and Erna Oliver identify the Nine Saints as

2854:

The Ethiopian Orthodox Church prescribes several kinds of

2432:

contains the books accepted by other Orthodox Christians.

2012:

to be the 6th Patriarch of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church.

6070: 4624:"Ethiopia Orthodox Church split: Social media restricted" 4188:"Martin Luther's fascination with Ethiopian Christianity" 3613: 3114:

Markos, archbishop of New York and its surrounding areas.

2364:

on behalf of those believed to be afflicted by demons or

1793: 1167:, and has between 36 million and 51 million adherents in 1164: 5709: 5302:

The Official Website of Eritrean Orthodox Tewahdo Church

4290:. Armenian Orthodox Church. 22 July 2007. Archived from 3922: 3628:

Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project

3103:

Thaddaeus, archbishop of the Caribbean and Latin America

2244:; and Tsome Himamat (ጾመ ሕማማት), seven days commemorating 1616: 5378:"The Liturgy of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church" 4675:"NewsAlert: PM Abiy in meeting with Orthodox Patriarch" 4081: 4079: 4077: 4062: 4025: 4023: 3966:

Socrates and Sozomenus Ecclesiastical Histories, p. 57.

2718:

or Theophany in Europe, a group of churches send their

8402:

Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America

5242:"The Church Forests of Ethiopia: A Mystical Geography" 4392:. 2018-07-26. Archived from the original on 2021-09-23 4361:"Ethiopian church appoints Abune Mathias as patriarch" 3934: 3648:"Ethiopia: An outlier in the Orthodox Christian world" 2657:

The Ethiopian Church claims that one of its churches,

2039:

On 4 February, three people were reportedly killed in

1943:

Basilios died in 1970, and was succeeded that year by

9672: 6049:(Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -the oldest site) 5409:. Addis Abeba, Ethiopia: Berhanena Selam. p. 66. 4450:"Breakaway bishops threaten split in Ethiopia church" 3126:

Natnael, archbishop of Colorado and surrounding areas

2686:, a replica of the original Ark of the Covenant. The 2207:

An Ethiopian Orthodox ceremony at Fasilides' Bath in

1928:

crowned Basilios as the first Patriarch of Ethiopia.

5949: 5033: 4074: 4020: 3865:"From His Second Book Against the Words of Theodore" 3862: 3383: 2725: 1863:

In 1534, a cleric of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church,

1525:

among others. Ethiopian Church tradition tells that

80:, the seat of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church 5757:Salvadore, Matteo; Lorenzi, James De (April 2021). 5259: 5257: 5255: 5214:"Biodiversity thrives in Ethiopia's church forests" 3480:

List of calendar of saints in the Orthodox Tewahedo

2557:today are usually delivered in the local language. 1970:between the two churches resumed on July 13, 2007. 5566:"IS THE CHURCH OF ETHIOPIA A JUDAIC CHURCH ?" 3050:who acceded to this position on 28 February 2013. 4008:Irenaeus of Lyons, "Adversus haereses" III. 12. 8 3594:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, Addis Ababa. 2843:(Sunday), although more emphasis, because of the 1317:. Around 500 bishops within the patriarchates of 9744: 6106: 5756: 5252: 4409:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 3154:Lukas, Archbishop of Australia & New Zealand 3040:Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria 2513:of the church at least since the arrival of the 1576:. This man was a eunuch, a high official of the 1541:portrayed by Francesco Trevisan (1650–1740) and 1301:, divinity and humanity are united in one (μία, 6037:Divine Liturgy of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church 5627: 5321: 5292: 5290: 3886:The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity 3856: 2936:Ethiopian Orthodox priests dancing during 2015 2617:tradition. Walls and ceilings are adorned with 1811: 1179:with the other Oriental Orthodox churches (the 1175:. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church is in 5990:Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. 5404: 4332: 4307:"U.S. Branch Leaves Ethiopian Orthodox Church" 4102: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4094: 3642: 3640: 3506:The Book of the Saints of the Ethiopian church 2581:in Ethiopia, most famously eleven churches at 2468:and elsewhere (A-Q) used by foreign scholars ( 1513:is also reported as early as the 4th century. 9362:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches 9061: 8478: 6801: 6511: 6092: 5799: 5679:Rukuni, Rugare; Oliver, Erna (January 2019). 5063: 4926: 4839:(Thomas P. Ofcansky and LaVerle Berry, eds.) 4353: 4298: 3953: 3951: 3949: 2957:Patriarch-Catholicoi, archbishops and bishops 2605:; the other circular, traditionally found in 2549:(died 1819). Later, Haile Selassie sponsored 1444:The Oriental Orthodox Churches are known as " 1112: 54: 48: 46: 5678: 5672: 5475: 5400: 5398: 5376:Daoud, Marcos; Hazen, Blatta Marsie (1991). 5287: 4920: 4872:Socialization and Social Control in Ethiopia 4748:"Ethiopian Govt Lifts Internet Restrictions" 3863:Cyril of Alexandria; Pusey, P. E. (Trans.). 2119:(ሕገ ኦሪት), to which are added those from the 1339:Catholic-Orthodox Church in the Roman Empire 6815: 6058:Historical Evolution of Ethiopian Anaphoras 5830:. World Council of Churches. Archived from 5595: 5467:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 5447:Mary Cecil, 2nd Baroness Amherst of Hackney 5439: 5422:"Wait, I thought that was a Muslim thing?!" 5420:Duffner, Jordan Denari (13 February 2014). 5189:(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972), p. 23 4897:"Doctrine of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church" 4138:. The University of Chicago Divinity School 4091: 3823: 3637: 3624:"Orthodox Christianity in the 21st Century" 3138:Barnabas, archbishop of Southern California 3084:Abune Abraham, Archbishop of Western Canada 27:Oriental Orthodox Church branch of Ethiopia 8485: 8471: 6808: 6794: 6518: 6504: 6099: 6085: 6065:A Bibliography on Christianity in Ethiopia 5980: 5510:The Orthodox Church of Ethiopia: A History 5375: 5015:"Fasting in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church" 4864: 4862: 4803:"Worship in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church" 4796: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4697: 3946: 3135:Michael, archbishop of Northern California 1935:An Ethiopian Orthodox priest displays the 1920:consecrated an Ethiopian-born Archbishop, 1867:, met with Martin Luther and affirmed the 1466:Timeline of Orthodox Tewahedo Christianity 1119: 1105: 6716:: Communion of Western Orthodox Churches 5774: 5501: 5395: 5233: 5105: 5103: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5095: 4975: 4973: 3719: 3663: 3661: 3571:Learn how and when to remove this message 3007:Learn how and when to remove this message 1505:, 2:38. Possible missions of some of the 1395:Learn how and when to remove this message 1145:Yäityop'ya ortodoks täwahedo bétäkrestyan 232:according to Ethiopian Orthodox tradition 56:Yäityop'ya ortodoks täwahedo bétäkrestyan 9758:Members of the World Council of Churches 5659: 5481: 5071:"Ten things we have learnt about Africa" 5008: 5006: 3698: 3534:This article includes a list of general 3445:Christian observances of Jewish holidays 3079: 3030:Since 1959, when the church was granted 2931: 2890: 2776:, which in turn makes it even closer to 2756:. Ethiopian Christians, like some other 2729: 2640: 2564: 2492: 2402: 2348: 2202: 2166:Ethiopian Orthodox believers are strict 2141: 2090: 2078: 1930: 1882: 1815: 1670: 1615: 1474: 8226:Fostering of early experimental science 6653:Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople 6011: 5719:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 4. 5419: 5315: 5239: 5187:Church and State in Ethiopia, 1270-1527 5012: 4868: 4859: 4783: 4647: 4572: 4497: 4472: 4333:Prunier, Gérard; Ficquet, Éloi (2015). 4304: 4185: 4155: 4109:"Honor the Reformation's African roots" 4106: 3928: 3073:Demetrios, archbishop of Eastern Canada 2472:), for example in the treatment of the 2292:The fast preceding Christmas, 40 days ( 1743:, in the course of a conflict with the 1691:, until Al Hakim stopped the practice. 1151:. One of the few Christian churches in 322:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 14: 9745: 8330:Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy 6525: 6067:. Leiden: African Studies Centre, 2003 5892: 5552:"Gizret - ግዝረት [Circumcision]" 5151: 5092: 4970: 4648:Nigeria, News Agency of (2023-02-10). 4269:Discussed in fuller detail by Perham, 4221:(Oxford: British Academy, 1988), p. 66 4085: 4068: 4041: 4029: 3658: 3589: 3587: 3111:Fanuel, archbishop of Washington, D.C. 2636: 1754:for the command of the trade route to 1735:missions to Ethiopia was taken not by 1333:(two natures) doctrine decreed by the 1281:mia physis tou Theo logou sesarkōmenē" 1245:one perfectly unified nature of Christ 8466: 6789: 6714:Syncretic Oriential Catholic Churches 6499: 6080: 5919: 5507: 5003: 4829: 4827: 4672: 4597: 4522: 4305:Goldman, Ari L. (22 September 1992). 4186:Daniels, David D. (31 October 2017). 4156:Daniels, David D. (2 November 2017). 4107:Daniels, David D. (21 October 2017). 3940: 3734: 3501: 3146:Yosef, Archbishop of Europe, in Rome. 3076:Abraham, archbishop of Western Canada 2240:; Tsome Arba (ጾመ አርባ), forty days of 1844:. The Ethiopian church also rejected 5482:Kosloski, Philip (16 October 2017). 5133:. Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church 4981:"Tsome Nenewe (The Fast of Nineveh)" 3803:"Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church" 3790:"Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church" 3694: 3692: 3602:. Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church 3520: 3502:Budge, Ernest Alfred Wallis (1928). 2989:adding citations to reliable sources 2960: 2448:. (These are unrelated to the Greek 1425:belief in the one composite unified 1377:adding citations to reliable sources 1348: 1204:Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria 1185:Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria 1051: 324: instead of Ethiopic characters. 4336:Understanding Contemporary Ethiopia 4017:Eusebius Pamphilius, Church History 3699:Harrower, Michael J (Winter 2019). 3584: 2479:Haile Selassie Version of the Bible 1699:as bishop, with orders to put down 1448:", and, sometimes by outsiders as " 1071: 265:American synod-in-exile (1991–2018) 24: 9753:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church 6658:Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem 6597:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church 6047:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church 5240:Bahnson, Fred (January 11, 2020). 5211: 4824: 4820:– via EthiopianOrthodox.org. 3909:"Catholic Encyclopedia: Henoticon" 3540:it lacks sufficient corresponding 3511:. Cambridge, The University Press. 3495: 3470:Ethiopian Orthodox Church in Exile 2706:. In an elaborate procession, the 2497:Ethiopian Orthodox celebration of 1479:Ethiopian Orthodox icon depicting 1220:Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church 1133:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church 39:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church 25: 9769: 6709:Malabar Independent Syrian Church 6612:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church 6030: 5870:Eparchies of the Ethiopian Church 5628:H. Bulzacchelli, Richard (2006). 4048:. Dalcassian Publishing Company. 3844:. St. Mark Coptic Orthodox Church 3689: 3455:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church 3095:Kewestos, Archbishop of Jerusalem 2726:Similarities to Judaism and Islam 2573:, a monolithic church in Lalibela 2436:The Narrower Canon also includes 2392: 2340:Christian monasticism in Ethiopia 2303:, commemorating the preaching of 1992:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church 1924:, 14 January 1951. Then in 1959, 1878: 1722: 1711:, a religious discussion between 1181:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church 1171:. It is a founding member of the 284:36 million–51 million in Ethiopia 274:Tigrayan Orthodox Tewahedo Church 269:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church 9730: 9718: 9706: 9694: 9682: 9657: 9656: 9645: 8773:State church of the Roman Empire 8492: 6684:Brahmavar (Goan) Orthodox Church 6678:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church 6630: 6622:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church 6407:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 6177:Democratic Republic of the Congo 5880: 5508:Binns, John (28 November 2016). 3525: 3414: 3400: 3386: 2965: 2847:of Christ, is laid upon Sunday. 2645:The Chapel of the Tablet at the 2399:Orthodox Tewahedo biblical canon 2107:, lit. "Lord of the Universe"), 1353: 1297:holds that in the one person of 1189:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church 1088: 1070: 1061: 1060: 1050: 1041: 1040: 479:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church 350: 302: 67: 33: 8756:First seven ecumenical councils 5953:; Hainthaler, Theresia (1996). 5912: 5893:Butler, Alfred Joshua (1911). " 5863: 5838: 5828:"Jerusalem – Heads of Churches" 5820: 5750: 5733: 5703: 5653: 5621: 5589: 5558: 5544: 5530: 5413: 5405:Hable Selassie, Sergew (1997). 5369: 5344: 5205: 5192: 5176: 5145: 5123: 4991:from the original on 2015-04-05 4946: 4929:"Ethiopia: fasting for 55 days" 4927:James Jeffrey (22 March 2017). 4889: 4765: 4740: 4716: 4691: 4666: 4641: 4616: 4591: 4566: 4541: 4516: 4491: 4466: 4442: 4417: 4378: 4326: 4276: 4263: 4250: 4237: 4224: 4208: 4179: 4149: 4128: 4035: 4011: 4002: 3993: 3969: 3960: 3901: 3879: 3831:Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria 2976:needs additional citations for 2839:(Saturday), in addition to the 2735:The Ethiopian Church, Jerusalem 2647:Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion 2591:Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion 2579:monolithic (rock-hewn) churches 2560: 2353:Inda Abba Hadera holy water in 2322:), fast on the eve of Epiphany. 1911:for the Ethiopian Church. Five 1364:needs additional citations for 9623:Relations with other religions 9029:Church of the East (Nestorian) 9024:Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite) 8189:Separation of church and state 7858:Formal and material principles 7843:Separation of church and state 5925:"Miaphysite, not Monophysite!" 5741:"YARED: THE COMPOSER OF HUMNS" 5716:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: He-N 5662:Warszawskie Studia Teologiczne 5322:Habtamu Teshome (2023-01-16). 4042:Curtin, D. P. (January 2007). 3795: 3783: 3728: 3596:"የኢትዮጵያ ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋሕዶ ቤተ ክርስቲያን" 2649:is said to house the original 2360:Priests intervene and perform 2333: 2030:separation of church and state 1675:Late 17th century portrait of 1666: 1631:Early Christianity became the 1251:" belief commonly held by the 13: 1: 7853:Hymnody of continental Europe 7004:Apostles in the New Testament 6108:Oriental Orthodoxy in Africa 4673:St, Addis; ard (2023-02-10). 4598:St, Addis; ard (2023-02-03). 4573:Insight, Addis (2023-02-04). 4523:St, Addis; ard (2023-02-02). 3516: 3150:Australia & New Zealand: 2419: 2074: 619:Non-Chalcedonian Christianity 497:History of Oriental Orthodoxy 457:French Coptic Orthodox Church 6012:Winkler, Dietmar W. (1997). 5685:Hervormde Teologiese Studies 4869:Molvaer, Reidulf K. (1995). 3435:Biblical law in Christianity 3158: 3132:Sawiros, archbishop of Texas 2792:; they are also expected to 2180: 2174:(ሥላሴ), Ge'ez for "Trinity". 1812:Influence on the Reformation 1141:የኢትዮጵያ ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋሕዶ ቤተ ክርስቲያን 50:የኢትዮጵያ ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋሕዶ ቤተ ክርስቲያን 7: 9330:Views on poverty and wealth 7301:Eastern Orthodox opposition 5634:University Press of America 4339:. Oxford University Press. 3911:. Newadvent.org. 1910-06-01 3379: 2488: 2344: 2278:(starts on Wednesday after 1926:Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria 1858:forerunner of Protestantism 1707:. In 1439, in the reign of 1216:Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria 18:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo 10: 9774: 9575:World Evangelical Alliance 9537:Traditionalist Catholicism 7318:Art patronage of Julius II 5973:Archbishop Yesehaq. 1997. 5929:Cristianesimo Nella Storia 5848:. Getty Images. 2023-04-05 5601:Water: A Spiritual History 5512:. I.B.Tauris. p. 58. 4232:The Government of Ethiopia 3737:"Christianity in Ethiopia" 3724:– via Cambridge.org. 3475:List of abunas of Ethiopia 3129:Selama, archbishop of Ohio 3026:List of abunas of Ethiopia 3023: 2925: 2884: 2880: 2661:, is host to the original 2396: 2337: 2184: 2127:(ሕገ ወንጌል). A hierarchy of 1838:communion under both kinds 1515:Socrates of Constantinople 1470: 1463: 1459: 1415: 1233: 1149:Oriental Orthodox Churches 976:Apostolic Church-Ordinance 614:Oriental Orthodox Theology 359:Oriental Orthodox churches 130:Oriental Orthodox Theology 9640: 9590: 9570:World Council of Churches 9545: 9463: 9347: 9338: 9293: 9078: 9062: 9057:Latter Day Saint movement 9042: 9002: 8902: 8883: 8829: 8786: 8731: 8637: 8616: 8575: 8543: 8500: 8410: 8245: 8164: 8093: 8028: 7950: 7881: 7821:Calvinist–Arminian debate 7795: 7562: 7445: 7281: 7172: 7054: 6952: 6841: 6823: 6745:Anaphora of Saint Gregory 6730: 6692: 6639: 6628: 6602:Armenian Apostolic Church 6580: 6533: 6420: 6395: 6114: 5977:Winston-Derek Publishers. 5776:10.1017/S0165115320000157 5382:Ethiopian Orthodox Church 5109:Geleta, Amsalu Tadesse. " 4844:Federal Research Division 4836:A Country Study: Ethiopia 4698:AfricaNews (2023-02-12). 3460:Ethiopian Catholic Church 3356:North Shoa (Debre Berhan) 2895:A painting of performing 2032:in the Article 11 of the 1193:Armenian Apostolic Church 1173:World Council of Churches 1140: 649:Anaphora of Saint Gregory 293:Ethiopian Orthodox Church 288: 280: 260: 250: 236: 225: 207: 197: 171: 157: 147: 135: 125: 113: 103: 93: 85: 66: 55: 49: 47: 43: 32: 9598:Anti-Christian sentiment 8778:Christian biblical canon 8310:Christian existentialism 6162:Central African Republic 5711:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica 5453:. Methuen. p. 399. 3867:. The Tertullian Project 3485:Oriental Orthodox Church 3450:Christianity in Ethiopia 3440:Christianity and Judaism 2921: 2774:dairy products with meat 2589:, the other native. The 2211:, Ethiopia, celebrating 1509:in the lands now called 1287:(ἕνωσις καθ' ὑπόστασιν, 1147:) is the largest of the 831:Athanasius of Alexandria 9652:Christianity portal 8811:Investiture Controversy 6817:History of Christianity 5904:Encyclopædia Britannica 3811:Encyclopædia Britannica 3807:Encyclopædia Britannica 3735:Moore, Dale H. (1936). 3555:more precise citations. 3362:, and surrounding areas 3167:of the church include: 3054:Archbishops and bishops 2928:Orthodox Tewahedo music 2796:with a large scarf (or 2529:was the version of the 1695:, 67th patriarch, sent 1439:Eastern Orthodox Church 1433:) which is held by the 1344: 1289:henōsis kath hypostasin 1095:Christianity portal 861:Dioscorus of Alexandria 816:Nine Saints of Ethiopia 811:Gregory the Illuminator 747:Orthodox Tewahedo Bible 521:Saint Thomas Christians 120:Orthodox Tewahedo Bible 9603:Christian universalism 8994:Western Rite Orthodoxy 8839:Protestant Reformation 8378:Fourth Great Awakening 8265:Second Great Awakening 7504:Fall of Constantinople 7296:Development of primacy 6770:Liturgy of Saint Cyril 6765:Liturgy of Saint Basil 6760:Liturgy of Saint James 6720:Celtic Orthodox Church 6617:Syriac Orthodox Church 6592:Coptic Orthodox Church 5697:10.4102/hts.v75i1.5335 5200:Ethiopia and the Bible 4504:Borkena Ethiopian News 4498:Account (2023-02-01). 4479:Borkena Ethiopian News 4473:Account (2023-01-27). 4390:Borkena Ethiopian News 4271:Government of Ethiopia 4258:Government of Ethiopia 4245:Government of Ethiopia 4219:Ethiopia and the Bible 3085: 2941: 2899: 2737: 2654: 2574: 2571:Church of Saint George 2502: 2425: 2386: 2370:. 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(1974). 4192:The Christian Century 4162:University of Chicago 4114:The Commercial Appeal 3981:Catholic Encyclopedia 3083: 2935: 2894: 2733: 2659:Our Lady Mary of Zion 2644: 2597:and elsewhere in the 2568: 2509:, which has been the 2496: 2406: 2381: 2352: 2206: 2145: 2094: 2082: 2045:Oromia Special Forces 1934: 1886: 1819: 1674: 1619: 1570: 1558:Philip the Evangelist 1523:Roman Catholic Church 1478: 1249:two natures of Christ 926:Geevarghese Gregorios 637:Anaphora & Rites: 632:Liturgy and practices 9582:Nondenominationalism 9455:Role in civilization 8922:Independent Catholic 8864:Relations with Islam 8844:Catholic Reformation 8196:Edicts of toleration 8005:Three Forms of Unity 7770:Bohemian Reformation 7343:Catholic Reformation 7200:Roman state religion 7019:Council of Jerusalem 6006:The Bible Translator 5352:"Ethiopian epiphany" 3721:10.15184/aqy.2019.84 3288:Mizan Teferi (Kaffa) 3020:Patriarch-Catholicos 2985:improve this article 2870:during the liturgy. 2827:, while viewing the 2782:Islamic dietary laws 2754:Conservative Judaism 2744:, Roman Catholic or 2523:Council of Chalcedon 2414:with her beloved son 1937:processional crosses 1792:as bishop; and from 1611:Origen of Alexandria 1607:Eusebius of Caesarea 1373:improve this article 1335:Council of Chalcedon 961:Patriarch of Antioch 528:Ecumenical Councils: 491:History and theology 416:Independent churches 98:Eastern Christianity 9628:Unlimited atonement 9613:Cultural Christians 9052:Jehovah's Witnesses 8674:Sermon on the Mount 8603:Christian tradition 8530:Lists of Christians 8368:Liberation theology 8275:Jehovah's Witnesses 8108:Radical Reformation 7836:Resistance theories 7723:Christian mysticism 7718:Early Scholasticism 7430:Ecclesial community 7328:Counter-Reformation 7193:Constantinian shift 6640:Autonomous churches 6607:Holy See of Cilicia 6397:States with limited 5921:Brock, Sebastian P. 5599:(2 November 2012). 4841:Library of Congress 3652:Pew Research Center 3630:. 8 November 2017. 3394:Christianity portal 2864:ritual purification 2837:seventh-day Sabbath 2663:Ark of the Covenant 2651:Ark of the Covenant 2637:Ark of the Covenant 2511:liturgical language 2501:(Geʽez for "cross") 2464:manuscripts in the 2372:Pew Research Center 2087:village rock church 1869:Augsburg Confession 1519:Matthew the Apostle 1305:) nature (φύσις - " 1277:Cyril of Alexandria 1273:Protestant churches 1034:Links and resources 956:Catholicos of India 796:Cyril of Alexandria 447:Autonomous churches 435:Malabar Independent 9473:Crusading movement 8741:Ante-Nicene period 8442:Oriental Orthodoxy 8085:King James Version 7897:Ninety-five Theses 7693:Apostolic Brethren 7467:Church of the East 7462:Oriental Orthodoxy 7308:Crusading movement 6828:Early Christianity 6671:Malankara Jacobite 6647:Armenian Apostolic 6527:Oriental Orthodoxy 5246:Emergence Magazine 5116:2010-01-01 at the 4777:2011-07-27 at the 4312:The New York Times 3888:by Ken Parry 2009 3835:"NATURE OF CHRIST" 3673:The World Factbook 3086: 2942: 2900: 2758:Eastern Christians 2738: 2655: 2575: 2503: 2426: 2358: 2255:. It begins after 2223: 2156: 2148:processional cross 2097: 2089: 1941: 1893: 1865:Michael the Deacon 1826: 1822:Samuel of Waldebba 1681: 1633:established church 1629: 1562:Philip the Apostle 1492: 1153:sub-Saharan Africa 981:Coptic monasticism 896:Michael the Syrian 871:Abraham of Farshut 866:Severus of Antioch 343:Oriental Orthodoxy 166:Ethiopian diaspora 108:Oriental Orthodoxy 9670: 9669: 9636: 9635: 9564:Charta Oecumenica 9074: 9073: 9064:Iglesia ni Cristo 8879: 8878: 8859:French Revolution 8849:Thirty Years' War 8721:Apostolic fathers 8689:Great Commandment 8460: 8459: 8437:Eastern Orthodoxy 8305:Finnish Awakening 8260:Holiness movement 8201:Congregationalism 8160: 8159: 8020:Metrical psalters 7457:Eastern Orthodoxy 7401:Neo-Scholasticism 7108:Canon development 7009:Jewish Christians 6783: 6782: 6568:and parts of the 6536:Eastern Christian 6493: 6492: 6424:other territories 6197:Equatorial Guinea 5951:Grillmeier, Aloys 5895:Abyssinian Church 5746:. 23 August 2022. 5726:978-3-447-05607-6 5614:978-1-4411-6767-5 5554:. 9 January 2022. 4728:www.aljazeera.com 4555:. 4 February 2023 4346:978-1-84904-261-1 4215:Edward Ullendorff 4071:, pp. 95–96. 3675:. 6 November 2023 3581: 3580: 3573: 3374:and Latin America 3017: 3016: 3009: 2875:Jewish Christians 2817:shoes are removed 2770:Ethiopian cuisine 2669:carried with the 2599:Arabian Peninsula 2525:(451). The Greek 2446:I II III Meqabyan 2146:Mid-20th century 2034:FDRE Constitution 1842:Lutheran churches 1775:Francisco Álvares 1769:, or Matthew, an 1752:Sultanate of Adal 1635:of the Ethiopian 1602:Irenaeus of Lyons 1568:(Acts, 8:26–27): 1423:Oriental Orthodox 1405: 1404: 1397: 1271:, and most other 1129: 1128: 996:Coonan Cross Oath 911:Giyorgis of Segla 836:Ephrem the Syrian 393:Orthodox Tewahedo 318:rendering support 298: 297: 255:Orthodox Tewahedo 16:(Redirected from 9765: 9735: 9734: 9733: 9723: 9722: 9721: 9711: 9710: 9699: 9698: 9687: 9686: 9685: 9678: 9660: 9659: 9650: 9649: 9493:Environmentalism 9443:Church buildings 9345: 9344: 9160:Eastern Orthodox 9155:Eastern Catholic 9067: 9066: 9034:Eastern Catholic 9012:Eastern Orthodox 8900: 8899: 8821:Age of Discovery 8806:East–West Schism 8704:Great Commission 8635: 8634: 8487: 8480: 8473: 8464: 8463: 7879: 7878: 7266:Non-Chalcedonian 7247:Constantinople I 7039:General epistles 7034:Pauline epistles 7014:Paul the Apostle 6992:Great Commission 6810: 6803: 6796: 6787: 6786: 6755:West Syriac Rite 6740:Alexandrian Rite 6634: 6520: 6513: 6506: 6497: 6496: 6485: 6484:(United Kingdom) 6480:Tristan da Cunha 6476:Ascension Island 6468: 6455: 6446: 6422:Dependencies and 6115:Sovereign states 6101: 6094: 6087: 6078: 6077: 6025: 6001: 5982:Meyendorff, John 5970: 5946: 5908: 5886: 5884: 5883: 5873: 5867: 5861: 5860: 5854: 5853: 5842: 5836: 5835: 5824: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5814: 5803: 5797: 5796: 5778: 5754: 5748: 5747: 5745: 5737: 5731: 5730: 5707: 5701: 5700: 5676: 5670: 5669: 5657: 5651: 5650: 5625: 5619: 5618: 5593: 5587: 5586: 5584: 5583: 5577: 5571:. 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2342: 2336: 2301:Fast of Nineveh 2189: 2183: 2077: 2049:Fast of Nineveh 1980:Abuna Merkorios 1881: 1846:papal supremacy 1814: 1790:Andre de Oviedo 1782:Ignatius Loyola 1725: 1669: 1637:Axumite Kingdom 1560:(distinct from 1495:John Chrysostom 1473: 1468: 1462: 1435:Catholic Church 1401: 1390: 1384: 1381: 1370: 1358: 1347: 1125: 1087: 1082: 1081: 1080: 1035: 1027: 1026: 1025: 1006:Fast of Nineveh 1001:Ethiopian chant 940: 932: 931: 930: 856:Mesrop Mashtots 790: 782: 781: 780: 776:Ethiopian cross 751: 722: 688: 633: 625: 624: 623: 599: 525: 492: 484: 483: 448: 440: 439: 417: 409: 342: 327: 326: 325: 316:Without proper 307: 303: 272: 267: 243: 81: 53: 44: 38: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9771: 9761: 9760: 9755: 9740: 9739: 9727: 9715: 9703: 9691: 9668: 9667: 9665: 9664: 9654: 9641: 9638: 9637: 9634: 9633: 9631: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9605: 9600: 9594: 9592: 9588: 9587: 9585: 9584: 9579: 9578: 9577: 9572: 9567: 9555: 9549: 9547: 9543: 9542: 9540: 9539: 9534: 9529: 9524: 9519: 9510: 9505: 9503:Fundamentalism 9500: 9498:Existentialism 9495: 9490: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9469: 9467: 9461: 9460: 9458: 9457: 9452: 9451: 9450: 9440: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9409: 9408: 9398: 9397: 9396: 9391: 9389:God the Father 9386: 9381: 9376: 9366: 9365: 9364: 9353: 9351: 9342: 9336: 9335: 9333: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9321: 9320: 9310: 9305: 9299: 9297: 9291: 9290: 9288: 9287: 9286: 9285: 9275: 9270: 9269: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9228: 9227: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9211: 9209:Body of Christ 9206: 9196: 9191: 9186: 9185: 9184: 9174: 9169: 9168: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9152: 9142: 9137: 9132: 9127: 9122: 9117: 9112: 9111: 9110: 9105: 9100: 9095: 9084: 9082: 9076: 9075: 9072: 9071: 9069: 9068: 9059: 9054: 9048: 9046: 9044:Restorationist 9040: 9039: 9037: 9036: 9031: 9026: 9021: 9020: 9019: 9008: 9006: 9000: 8999: 8997: 8996: 8991: 8990: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8908: 8906: 8897: 8881: 8880: 8877: 8876: 8874: 8873: 8872: 8871: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8835: 8833: 8827: 8826: 8824: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8792: 8790: 8784: 8783: 8781: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8769: 8768: 8763: 8753: 8748: 8746:Late antiquity 8743: 8737: 8735: 8729: 8728: 8726: 8725: 8724: 8723: 8716:Church fathers 8713: 8708: 8707: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8645: 8643: 8632: 8614: 8613: 8611: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8590: 8585: 8579: 8577: 8573: 8572: 8570: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8553: 8551: 8541: 8540: 8538: 8537: 8532: 8527: 8522: 8517: 8512: 8507: 8501: 8498: 8497: 8490: 8489: 8482: 8475: 8467: 8458: 8457: 8455: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8428: 8427: 8422: 8411: 8408: 8407: 8405: 8404: 8399: 8390: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8360: 8358:Pentecostalism 8355: 8353:Jesus movement 8350: 8342: 8337: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8312: 8307: 8302: 8297: 8292: 8287: 8282: 8277: 8272: 8267: 8262: 8257: 8251: 8249: 8243: 8242: 8240: 8239: 8230: 8229: 8228: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8193: 8192: 8191: 8181: 8176: 8170: 8168: 8162: 8161: 8158: 8157: 8155: 8154: 8147: 8144:Martyrs Mirror 8140: 8135: 8130: 8128:Martyrs' Synod 8125: 8120: 8118:Swiss Brethren 8115: 8110: 8105: 8099: 8097: 8091: 8090: 8088: 8087: 8082: 8075: 8070: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8040: 8034: 8032: 8026: 8025: 8023: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7956: 7954: 7948: 7947: 7945: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7922: 7917: 7916: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7887: 7885: 7876: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7863:Law and Gospel 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7839: 7838: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7807: 7805: 7793: 7792: 7790: 7789: 7788: 7787: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7762: 7757: 7752: 7751: 7750: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7655: 7654: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7618: 7617: 7616: 7615: 7614: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7568: 7566: 7560: 7559: 7557: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7544:Ottoman Empire 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7495: 7494: 7489: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7453: 7451: 7443: 7442: 7440: 7439: 7434: 7433: 7432: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7358: 7357: 7356: 7355: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7304: 7303: 7298: 7287: 7285: 7279: 7278: 7276: 7275: 7273:Biblical canon 7270: 7269: 7268: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7228: 7227: 7222: 7212: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7196: 7195: 7184: 7182: 7174:Late antiquity 7170: 7169: 7167: 7166: 7161: 7160: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7122:Church Fathers 7115: 7110: 7105: 7104: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7062: 7060: 7052: 7051: 7049: 7048: 7047: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6995: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6964: 6958: 6956: 6950: 6949: 6947: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6845: 6843: 6839: 6838: 6836: 6835: 6830: 6824: 6821: 6820: 6813: 6812: 6805: 6798: 6790: 6781: 6780: 6778: 6777: 6775:Malankara Rite 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6736: 6734: 6728: 6727: 6725: 6724: 6723: 6722: 6711: 6706: 6700: 6698: 6690: 6689: 6687: 6686: 6681: 6674: 6673: 6668: 6661: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6643: 6641: 6637: 6636: 6629: 6627: 6625: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6588: 6586: 6578: 6577: 6534: 6531: 6530: 6523: 6522: 6515: 6508: 6500: 6491: 6490: 6487: 6486: 6469: 6456: 6447: 6433:Canary Islands 6429: 6428: 6426: 6421: 6418: 6417: 6415: 6414: 6409: 6403: 6401: 6396: 6393: 6392: 6390: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6118: 6116: 6112: 6111: 6104: 6103: 6096: 6089: 6081: 6075: 6074: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6044: 6039: 6032: 6031:External links 6029: 6027: 6026: 6009: 6002: 5996: 5978: 5971: 5965: 5947: 5941: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5910: 5909: 5899:Chisholm, Hugh 5875: 5874: 5862: 5837: 5834:on 2011-08-28. 5819: 5798: 5749: 5732: 5725: 5702: 5671: 5652: 5642: 5636:. p. 19. 5620: 5613: 5588: 5557: 5543: 5529: 5518: 5500: 5474: 5438: 5412: 5394: 5368: 5343: 5314: 5286: 5270:British Museum 5251: 5232: 5204: 5191: 5175: 5144: 5122: 5091: 5062: 5032: 5002: 4969: 4945: 4933:Deutsche Welle 4919: 4888: 4881: 4858: 4823: 4782: 4764: 4739: 4715: 4690: 4679:Addis Standard 4665: 4640: 4615: 4604:Addis Standard 4590: 4565: 4540: 4529:Addis Standard 4515: 4490: 4465: 4441: 4429:Addis Standard 4416: 4377: 4352: 4345: 4325: 4297: 4294:on 2008-08-28. 4288:News and Media 4275: 4262: 4249: 4236: 4223: 4207: 4178: 4148: 4127: 4090: 4073: 4061: 4054: 4034: 4019: 4010: 4001: 3992: 3968: 3959: 3945: 3933: 3921: 3900: 3878: 3855: 3822: 3794: 3782: 3747:(3): 271–284. 3741:Church History 3727: 3688: 3657: 3636: 3612: 3600:ZEOrthodox.org 3582: 3579: 3578: 3533: 3531: 3524: 3518: 3515: 3514: 3513: 3497: 3494: 3493: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3426: 3425: 3411: 3397: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3375: 3369: 3368:Western Canada 3366: 3365:Eastern Canada 3363: 3357: 3354: 3347: 3338: 3333: 3326:Central Tigray 3323: 3318: 3313: 3310: 3305: 3295: 3289: 3286: 3283: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3260: 3250: 3245: 3235: 3229: 3224: 3214: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3198: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3169: 3160: 3157: 3156: 3155: 3148: 3147: 3140: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3130: 3127: 3124: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3112: 3105: 3104: 3097: 3096: 3093: 3078: 3077: 3074: 3067: 3066: 3056: 3055: 3024:Main article: 3022: 3021: 3015: 3014: 2973: 2971: 2964: 2958: 2955: 2926:Main article: 2923: 2920: 2885:Main article: 2882: 2879: 2833:Sabbatarianism 2823:3:5 (in which 2727: 2724: 2638: 2635: 2562: 2559: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2483: 2466:British Museum 2397:Main article: 2394: 2393:Biblical canon 2391: 2346: 2343: 2338:Main article: 2335: 2332: 2324: 2323: 2308: 2297: 2290: 2283: 2260: 2249: 2185:Main article: 2182: 2179: 2076: 2073: 1963:Takla Haymanot 1959:military junta 1922:Abuna Basilios 1918:Pope Joseph II 1901:Haile Selassie 1880: 1879:Recent history 1877: 1813: 1810: 1748:Ottoman Empire 1733:Roman Catholic 1727:The period of 1724: 1723:Jesuit interim 1721: 1668: 1665: 1586:Book of Isaiah 1564:), one of the 1543:Marco Benefial 1537:, in northern 1472: 1469: 1461: 1458: 1403: 1402: 1361: 1359: 1352: 1346: 1343: 1315:God the Father 1311:consubstantial 1127: 1126: 1124: 1123: 1116: 1109: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1084: 1083: 1079: 1078: 1068: 1058: 1048: 1037: 1036: 1033: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1024: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1011:Coptic fasting 1008: 1003: 998: 993: 988: 983: 978: 973: 968: 963: 958: 953: 948: 942: 941: 939:Related topics 938: 937: 934: 933: 929: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 906:Tekle Haymanot 903: 898: 893: 888: 883: 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 828: 823: 818: 813: 808: 803: 798: 792: 791: 788: 787: 784: 783: 779: 778: 773: 768: 766:Armenian Cross 763: 757: 756: 755: 750: 749: 744: 742:Armenian Bible 739: 734: 728: 727: 726: 721: 720: 715: 710: 705: 700: 694: 693: 692: 687: 686: 681: 679:Malankara Rite 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 640: 639: 638: 634: 631: 630: 627: 626: 622: 621: 616: 611: 605: 604: 603: 598: 597: 592: 587: 582: 577: 572: 567: 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 537: 531: 530: 529: 524: 523: 518: 516:Syriac history 513: 508: 506:Coptic history 502: 501: 500: 493: 490: 489: 486: 485: 482: 481: 472: 466:Constantinople 459: 449: 446: 445: 442: 441: 438: 437: 428: 418: 415: 414: 411: 410: 408: 407: 406: 405: 400: 390: 385: 380: 375: 370: 364: 361: 360: 356: 355: 347: 346: 338: 337: 320:, you may see 308: 301: 300: 299: 296: 295: 290: 286: 285: 282: 278: 277: 262: 258: 257: 252: 248: 247: 238: 234: 233: 227: 223: 222: 209: 205: 204: 199: 195: 194: 173: 169: 168: 159: 155: 154: 149: 145: 144: 139: 133: 132: 127: 123: 122: 117: 111: 110: 105: 101: 100: 95: 94:Classification 91: 90: 87: 83: 82: 72: 64: 63: 41: 40: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9770: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9750: 9748: 9738: 9728: 9726: 9716: 9714: 9709: 9704: 9702: 9697: 9692: 9690: 9680: 9679: 9676: 9663: 9655: 9653: 9648: 9643: 9642: 9639: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9595: 9593: 9589: 9583: 9580: 9576: 9573: 9571: 9568: 9566: 9565: 9561: 9560: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9550: 9548: 9544: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9470: 9468: 9466: 9462: 9456: 9453: 9449: 9446: 9445: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9438:Popular piety 9436: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9407: 9404: 9403: 9402: 9399: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9371: 9370: 9367: 9363: 9360: 9359: 9358: 9355: 9354: 9352: 9350: 9346: 9343: 9337: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9319: 9316: 9315: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9300: 9298: 9296: 9292: 9284: 9281: 9280: 9279: 9276: 9274: 9271: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9233: 9232: 9229: 9225: 9222: 9220: 9219:People of God 9217: 9215: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9201: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9183: 9180: 9179: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9147: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9090: 9089: 9086: 9085: 9083: 9081: 9077: 9065: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9049: 9047: 9045: 9041: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9018: 9015: 9014: 9013: 9010: 9009: 9007: 9005: 9001: 8995: 8992: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8929: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8909: 8907: 8905: 8901: 8898: 8895: 8891: 8886: 8885:Denominations 8882: 8870: 8867: 8866: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8854:Enlightenment 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8836: 8834: 8832: 8828: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8793: 8791: 8789: 8785: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8758: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8738: 8736: 8734: 8730: 8722: 8719: 8718: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8709: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8651: 8650: 8647: 8646: 8644: 8642: 8636: 8633: 8630: 8624: 8619: 8615: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8580: 8578: 8574: 8568: 8567:New Testament 8565: 8563: 8562:Old Testament 8560: 8558: 8555: 8554: 8552: 8550: 8546: 8542: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8523: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8503: 8502: 8499: 8495: 8488: 8483: 8481: 8476: 8474: 8469: 8468: 8465: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8447:Protestantism 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8417: 8416: 8413: 8412: 8409: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8394: 8391: 8388: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8348: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8320:Azusa Revival 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8300:Laestadianism 8298: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8283: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8252: 8250: 8248: 8244: 8238: 8237:Old Lutherans 8234: 8231: 8227: 8224: 8223: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8190: 8187: 8186: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8171: 8169: 8167: 8163: 8153: 8152: 8148: 8146: 8145: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8100: 8098: 8096: 8092: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8080: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8035: 8033: 8031: 8027: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7957: 7955: 7953: 7949: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7927: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7903:Diet of Worms 7901: 7899: 7898: 7894: 7893: 7892: 7889: 7888: 7886: 7884: 7880: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7837: 7834: 7833: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7808: 7806: 7804: 7803:Protestantism 7798: 7794: 7786: 7783: 7782: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7749: 7746: 7745: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7623: 7622: 7619: 7613: 7610: 7609: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7589: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7569: 7567: 7565: 7561: 7555: 7554:North America 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7484: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7454: 7452: 7450: 7444: 7438: 7435: 7431: 7428: 7427: 7426: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7354: 7351: 7350: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7330: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7293: 7292: 7289: 7288: 7286: 7284: 7280: 7274: 7271: 7267: 7263: 7260: 7259: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7217: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7194: 7191: 7190: 7189: 7186: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7175: 7171: 7165: 7164:Early African 7162: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7147:Justin Martyr 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7124: 7123: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7068: 7067: 7064: 7063: 7061: 7059: 7053: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7021: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6969: 6968: 6967:Life of Jesus 6965: 6963: 6960: 6959: 6957: 6955:Apostolic Age 6951: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6846: 6844: 6840: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6825: 6822: 6818: 6811: 6806: 6804: 6799: 6797: 6792: 6791: 6788: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6750:Armenian Rite 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6737: 6735: 6733: 6729: 6721: 6718: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6704:British Isles 6702: 6701: 6699: 6697: 6691: 6685: 6682: 6679: 6676: 6675: 6672: 6669: 6666: 6663: 6662: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6648: 6645: 6644: 6642: 6638: 6633: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6589: 6587: 6585: 6582:Autocephalous 6579: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6563: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6547: 6544: 6543:autocephalous 6540: 6537: 6532: 6528: 6521: 6516: 6514: 6509: 6507: 6502: 6501: 6498: 6481: 6477: 6473: 6470: 6464: 6460: 6457: 6451: 6448: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6431: 6430: 6427: 6419: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6404: 6402: 6394: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6237:Guinea-Bissau 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6113: 6109: 6102: 6097: 6095: 6090: 6088: 6083: 6082: 6079: 6072: 6068: 6066: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6034: 6023: 6019: 6015: 6010: 6008:44/1:111-123. 6007: 6003: 5999: 5997:9780881410563 5993: 5989: 5988: 5983: 5979: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5966:9780664223007 5962: 5958: 5957: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5942:9788815261687 5938: 5934: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5917: 5906: 5905: 5900: 5896: 5890: 5889:public domain 5878: 5877: 5871: 5866: 5859: 5847: 5841: 5833: 5829: 5823: 5808: 5802: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5753: 5742: 5736: 5728: 5722: 5718: 5717: 5712: 5706: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5675: 5668:(2): 205–206. 5667: 5663: 5656: 5649: 5645: 5643:9780761835011 5639: 5635: 5631: 5624: 5616: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5598: 5592: 5578:on 2016-03-04 5574: 5567: 5561: 5553: 5547: 5539: 5533: 5526: 5521: 5519:9781786720375 5515: 5511: 5504: 5489: 5485: 5478: 5470: 5464: 5457: 5452: 5448: 5442: 5427: 5423: 5416: 5408: 5401: 5399: 5383: 5379: 5372: 5357: 5353: 5347: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5318: 5303: 5299: 5293: 5291: 5283: 5272: 5271: 5266: 5260: 5258: 5256: 5247: 5243: 5236: 5221: 5220: 5215: 5208: 5201: 5195: 5188: 5184: 5179: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5148: 5132: 5126: 5119: 5115: 5112: 5106: 5104: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5088: 5076: 5072: 5066: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5036: 5020: 5016: 5013:Robel Arega. 5009: 5007: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4976: 4974: 4959: 4955: 4949: 4934: 4930: 4923: 4909:on 2018-03-28 4905: 4898: 4892: 4884: 4882:9783447036627 4878: 4874: 4873: 4865: 4863: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4850:public domain 4845: 4842: 4838: 4837: 4830: 4828: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4780: 4776: 4773: 4772:EOTC Doctrine 4768: 4753: 4752:allAfrica.com 4749: 4743: 4729: 4725: 4719: 4705: 4701: 4694: 4680: 4676: 4669: 4655: 4651: 4644: 4629: 4625: 4619: 4605: 4601: 4594: 4580: 4579:Addis Insight 4576: 4569: 4554: 4550: 4544: 4530: 4526: 4519: 4505: 4501: 4494: 4480: 4476: 4469: 4455: 4451: 4445: 4430: 4426: 4420: 4412: 4406: 4391: 4387: 4381: 4366: 4362: 4356: 4348: 4342: 4338: 4337: 4329: 4314: 4313: 4308: 4301: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4279: 4273:, pp. 126–130 4272: 4266: 4259: 4253: 4246: 4240: 4233: 4227: 4220: 4216: 4211: 4204: 4193: 4189: 4182: 4175: 4163: 4159: 4152: 4137: 4131: 4116: 4115: 4110: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4088:, p. 96. 4087: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4070: 4065: 4057: 4055:9798869171504 4051: 4047: 4046: 4038: 4032:, p. 95. 4031: 4026: 4024: 4014: 4005: 3996: 3982: 3978: 3977:"St. Matthew" 3972: 3963: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3942: 3937: 3930: 3925: 3910: 3904: 3898: 3895: 3894:1-4443-3361-5 3891: 3887: 3882: 3866: 3859: 3843: 3836: 3832: 3826: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3798: 3791: 3786: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3731: 3722: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3702: 3695: 3693: 3685: 3674: 3670: 3664: 3662: 3653: 3649: 3643: 3641: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3619: 3617: 3601: 3597: 3590: 3588: 3583: 3575: 3572: 3564: 3561:December 2019 3554: 3550: 3544: 3543: 3537: 3532: 3523: 3522: 3509: 3507: 3500: 3499: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3427: 3423: 3422:Africa portal 3412: 3409: 3398: 3395: 3389: 3384: 3373: 3370: 3367: 3364: 3361: 3358: 3355: 3352: 3348: 3346: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3303: 3302:Somali Region 3299: 3296: 3294: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3222: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3174: 3171: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3153: 3152: 3151: 3145: 3144: 3143: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3119: 3116: 3113: 3110: 3109: 3108: 3102: 3101: 3100: 3094: 3091: 3090: 3089: 3088:Middle East: 3082: 3075: 3072: 3071: 3070: 3064: 3061: 3060: 3059: 3053: 3052: 3051: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3027: 3019: 3018: 3011: 3008: 3000: 2990: 2986: 2980: 2979: 2974:This section 2972: 2968: 2963: 2962: 2954: 2953:monasteries. 2951: 2947: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2919: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2878: 2876: 2871: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2852: 2848: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2813: 2812:among them). 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2736: 2732: 2723: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2684: 2678: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2652: 2648: 2643: 2634: 2632: 2631:forested area 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2572: 2567: 2558: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2531:Old Testament 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2500: 2495: 2486: 2481: 2480: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2458:III Maccabees 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2434: 2433: 2431: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2378: 2373: 2369: 2368: 2363: 2356: 2355:Inda Sillasie 2351: 2341: 2331: 2329: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2295: 2291: 2288: 2284: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2234: 2229: 2225: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2215: 2210: 2205: 2201: 2199: 2194: 2188: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2169: 2164: 2161: 2153: 2152:Amhara Region 2149: 2144: 2140: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2125:Higge Wongiel 2122: 2121:New Testament 2118: 2114: 2113:Old Testament 2110: 2106: 2102: 2093: 2086: 2085:Debre Sema'it 2081: 2072: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2037: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2021: 2018: 2013: 2011: 2006: 2003: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1971: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1938: 1933: 1929: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1902: 1898: 1890: 1887:Engraving of 1885: 1876: 1874: 1873:Lutheran Mass 1870: 1866: 1861: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1830:Martin Luther 1823: 1818: 1809: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1720: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1678: 1673: 1664: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1653:Emperor Ezana 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1627: 1623: 1620:Coin of King 1618: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1581: 1579: 1575: 1569: 1567: 1566:seven deacons 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1550:New Testament 1546: 1545:(1688–1764). 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1477: 1467: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1442: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1413: 1409: 1399: 1396: 1388: 1378: 1374: 1368: 1367: 1362:This section 1360: 1356: 1351: 1350: 1342: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1210:with its own 1209: 1205: 1200: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1138: 1134: 1122: 1117: 1115: 1110: 1108: 1103: 1102: 1100: 1099: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1085: 1077: 1069: 1067: 1059: 1057: 1049: 1047: 1039: 1038: 1031: 1030: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 992: 989: 987: 986:Coptic saints 984: 982: 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 957: 954: 952: 949: 947: 944: 943: 936: 935: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 887: 884: 882: 879: 877: 874: 872: 869: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 841:Ezana of Axum 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 822: 821:Tiridates III 819: 817: 814: 812: 809: 807: 804: 802: 799: 797: 794: 793: 789:Major figures 786: 785: 777: 774: 772: 769: 767: 764: 762: 759: 758: 753: 752: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 733: 730: 729: 724: 723: 719: 716: 714: 711: 709: 706: 704: 701: 699: 696: 695: 690: 689: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 654:Armenian Rite 652: 650: 647: 645: 642: 641: 636: 635: 629: 628: 620: 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 606: 601: 600: 596: 593: 591: 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 576: 573: 571: 568: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 532: 527: 526: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 503: 498: 495: 494: 488: 487: 480: 476: 473: 471: 467: 463: 460: 458: 454: 451: 450: 444: 443: 436: 432: 429: 427: 423: 420: 419: 413: 412: 404: 401: 399: 396: 395: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 365: 363: 362: 358: 357: 353: 349: 348: 345: 340: 339: 335: 331: 330: 323: 319: 315: 313: 312:Ethiopic text 294: 291: 289:Other name(s) 287: 283: 279: 275: 270: 266: 263: 259: 256: 253: 251:Branched from 249: 246: 242: 239: 235: 231: 228: 224: 221: 217: 213: 210: 206: 203: 200: 196: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 174: 170: 167: 163: 160: 156: 153: 150: 146: 143: 140: 138: 134: 131: 128: 124: 121: 118: 116: 112: 109: 106: 102: 99: 96: 92: 88: 84: 79: 75: 70: 65: 61: 42: 36: 31: 19: 9701:Christianity 9562: 9357:Architecture 9251:Confirmation 9199:Ecclesiology 9130:Original sin 9120:Nicene Creed 8917:Old Catholic 8801:Papal States 8733:Great Church 8699:Resurrection 8641:Christianity 8598:New Covenant 8549:(Scriptures) 8494:Christianity 8363:Charismatics 8346: 8325:Gospel music 8255:Camp meeting 8247:1789–present 8179:Missionaries 8149: 8142: 8133:Menno Simons 8077: 8073:Church music 7924: 7895: 7780:Conciliarism 7765:Papal Schism 7607:Scandinavian 7538: 7499:Great Schism 7477:Nestorianism 7449:Christianity 7381:priest holes 7262:Chalcedonian 7225:Christianity 7179:Great Church 6987:Resurrection 6677: 6664: 6646: 6596: 6472:Saint Helena 6443: 6347:South Africa 6337:Sierra Leone 6142:Burkina Faso 6064: 6021: 6017: 6005: 5986: 5974: 5955: 5935:(1): 45–52. 5932: 5928: 5913:Bibliography 5902: 5865: 5856: 5850:. 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