726:
326:
5028:
3112:
4870:
3276:
3651:
44:
996:
927:
811:
5077:
4975:
958:
4707:
3583:
3455:
4963:
4846:
4695:
3443:
636:
5374:
4678:
3431:
4617:
3390:
4882:
4760:
4736:
4454:
3673:
3640:
3508:
3496:
3252:
5045:
4919:
4812:
4554:
3322:
4948:
4858:
4829:
4748:
4600:
4537:
4520:
4466:
4437:
4425:
3686:
3629:
3607:
3484:
3378:
3305:
3288:
3264:
3235:
3223:
5016:
4503:
4987:
4931:
4661:
3419:
666:
4588:
3361:
4784:
3537:
4999:
4724:
4571:
3662:
3596:
3570:
3472:
3339:
4629:
3402:
4772:
3618:
3520:
504:
1598:
1532:
1388:
1346:
1299:
1263:
1232:
1196:
1165:
167:
1560:
1499:
703:
held on 1 March 2015, the Reform Party received 27.7% of the vote and 30 seats in the
Riigikogu. It went on to form a coalition with Social Democratic Party and Pro Patria and Res Publica Union. In November 2016, the coalition split because of internal struggle. After coalition talks, a new coalition
973:
The party is supported predominantly by young, well-educated, urban professionals. The Reform Party's vote base is heavily focused in the cities; although it receives only one-fifth of its support from
Tallinn, it receives three times as many votes from other cities, despite them being home to fewer
981:
of any party. Its membership is the most male-dominated of all the parties, yet it receives the support of more female voters than average. Reform Party voters also tend to have higher incomes, with 43% of Reform Party voters coming from the top 30% of all voters by income.
716:
was elected the new chairman of the Reform Party. Pevkur's leadership was divided from the start and he faced increasing criticism till the end of the year. On 13 December 2017, Pevkur announced that he would not run for the chairmanship from
January 2018.
1035:
557:, with five other Reform Party members serving in the cabinet. The Reform Party left the government in November 1996 after the Coalition Party signed a cooperation agreement with the Centre Party without consulting them.
2295:"The Reform Party is the 2015 winner of the parliamentary elections," Roivas announced on Estonia's ERR public television late Sunday as official results showed his centrist Reform party won despite losing three seats.
3800:
911:
general rate increases until late spring 2009, when it changed its position in the light of the dire economic crisis and the need to find more money for the budget. VAT was increased from 18% to 20% on 1 July
4374:
781:
party and the SDE. A coalition agreement between the three parties was reached by 7 April, allocating seven ministerial seats for the Reform Party, and was officially signed on 10 April. On 17 April, the
6309:
4295:
794:
4077:
4321:
3840:
704:
was formed between Center Party, SDE and IRL, while Reform Party was left in the opposition for the first time since 1999. RÔivas subsequently stepped down as the chairman of the party.
2022:
597:
5805:
5629:
3793:
4367:
3836:
3807:
743:, the Reform Party achieved its best electoral result to date with 28.8% of the vote and 34 seats, although it initially did not form a government and remained in opposition to the
619:, from March 2003 to March 2005 with Res Publica and People's Union, from March 2005 to March 2007 with the Centre Party and People's Union, from March 2007 to May 2009 with the
4316:
415:. As the Reform Party has participated in most of the government coalitions in Estonia since the mid-1990s, its influence has been significant, especially regarding Estonia's
3721:
5377:
4360:
3145:
904:
rate from 22% (in 2007) to 18% by 2011. Because of the economic crisis, the campaign for cutting income tax rate was put on hold with the tax rate at 21% in 2008 and 2009.
777:, the Reform Party improved on its 2019 electoral performance, with 31.2% of the vote 37 seats. On 7 March 2023, the party initiated coalition negotiations with the new
5750:
5003:
6324:
2441:
5558:
4301:
2000:
2974:
2960:
1751:
1407:
1402:
6112:
5888:
1628:
1978:
4383:
4343:
4311:
3199:
2116:
1467:
1027:
424:
215:
6220:
5430:
4470:
2088:
5959:
5635:
5414:
3832:
3769:
3714:
6037:
4862:
4306:
6339:
5647:
5184:
3900:
2402:
6260:
2308:
762:. However, on 3 June 2022, Kallas dismissed the seven ministers affiliated with the Centre Party, governing as a minority government until a
2142:
6092:
5424:
3787:
3707:
3227:
1573:
1540:
1507:
1474:
1441:
689:
5675:
4716:
4135:
4124:
3464:
3172:
793:
became
Estoniaâs new prime minister to succeed Kaja Kallas, who resigned as prime minister on July 15 to become the European Unionâs new
222:
6255:
5881:
5460:
4979:
4148:
2840:
5928:
2836:
537:
tried to negotiate a coalition with the Reform Party, but the talks broke down over economic policy, with the Reform Party opposing
2210:
1791:
475:'s government and was generally considered a proficient central bank governor, having overseen the successful introduction of the
6304:
6170:
5943:
5653:
5522:
5497:
4057:
1056:, which includes members aged 15 to 35. The organisation claims to have 4,500 members, and its chairman is Doris Lisett Rudnevs.
6102:
5552:
3152:
2066:
2260:
6344:
6329:
6319:
6215:
6190:
5997:
5874:
5715:
4284:
4141:
3087:
3066:
3045:
3024:
3003:
2771:
2660:
2633:
2604:
2567:
2540:
2511:
2391:
2370:
2349:
1853:
1734:
1702:
554:
435:
and Kaja Kallas have all served as prime ministers of
Estonia. From 17 April 2023, the party has been the senior member in a
2242:
6278:
6210:
6107:
5897:
4563:
4441:
3958:
3343:
3331:
2279:
2224:
2196:
1368:
1321:
1274:
1243:
1207:
1176:
1145:
1095:
966:
774:
740:
700:
650:
561:
526:
488:
389:
357:
2704:
2170:
6334:
5402:
4580:
4221:
4032:
3923:
3244:
977:
Its voter profile is significantly younger than average, while its voters are well-educated, with the fewest high school
515:
412:
6314:
6122:
5703:
5693:
5081:
5037:
5020:
4874:
4776:
4274:
4215:
3524:
1640:
484:
386:
184:
961:
The
Estonian Reform Party is the strongest party in the area surrounding Tallinn, in north-western Estonia and across
6200:
6160:
6072:
5918:
5734:
5623:
5069:
4490:
4190:
4091:
2484:
1660:
1624:
693:
682:
624:
612:
573:
460:
440:
107:
6077:
6057:
5845:
5825:
5659:
5466:
5420:
4633:
4495:
4458:
4172:
4064:
4018:
3783:
3411:
3256:
1916:
620:
455:
The
Estonian Reform Party was founded on 18 November 1994, joining together the Reform Party â a splinter from the
744:
6052:
4592:
4160:
3936:
3776:
3365:
480:
6007:
5839:
5709:
5669:
4114:
4104:
3825:
3763:
2730:
763:
2156:
553:
led to the Reform Party replacing the Centre Party in the coalition in
November 1995. Kallas was appointed as
6180:
5540:
5478:
5434:
4740:
4699:
4512:
4475:
4209:
4070:
4051:
3859:
3447:
783:
755:
577:
456:
436:
6225:
6165:
5583:
5515:
4687:
4249:
3987:
3435:
3348:
175:
627:. From May 2009 the Reform Party was in a coalition government with the Pro Patria and Res Publica Union.
6349:
6185:
6145:
5768:
5762:
5681:
5565:
5438:
5211:
4967:
4886:
4524:
4480:
4203:
4184:
4166:
4084:
3981:
3952:
3948:
3929:
3869:
3512:
3297:
3268:
1053:
152:
3699:
674:
657:, receiving 153,040 votes (28% of the total), an increase of +10%, resulting in a net gain of 12 seats.
564:, the Reform Party dropped one seat to 18, finishing third behind the Centre Party and the conservative
6240:
6155:
6067:
6062:
6002:
5974:
5969:
5851:
5835:
5665:
5577:
5571:
5456:
5444:
5091:
4940:
4833:
4648:
4429:
4243:
4227:
4118:
3962:
3942:
3912:
4352:
607:
The party served in government again from March 1999 to
December 2001 in a tripartite government with
6017:
6012:
5687:
5589:
5533:
5141:
5049:
4682:
4261:
4196:
3969:
3204:
2787:
2622:"When Left and Right is a Matter of Identity: Overlapping Political Dimensions in Estonia and Latvia"
2093:
522:
291:
5246:
3574:
6250:
6150:
6097:
6082:
6022:
5641:
5526:
5303:
4952:
4891:
4821:
4728:
4045:
3853:
3529:
3189:
2676:
530:
210:
4446:
2910:
5793:
5450:
4896:
4604:
4025:
3975:
3819:
2866:
870:
5196:
2935:
6027:
5811:
5611:
5359:
5353:
5086:
4991:
4923:
4869:
4575:
4558:
4485:
4278:
4154:
4011:
3919:
3622:
3353:
3326:
2650:
2621:
2528:
2501:
2474:
2358:
1690:
6042:
5938:
5756:
5064:
4906:
4788:
4541:
4267:
4233:
4110:
3865:
3847:
3741:
3541:
3309:
3138:
2759:
2592:
2381:
2337:
1722:
1039:
846:
759:
616:
546:
420:
237:
200:
4653:
2764:
The
European Parliament Election of 2019 in East-Central Europe: Second-Order Euroscepticism
2044:
1030:(formerly the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party, ELDR) since December 1998. In the
5819:
5815:
5131:
4764:
3889:
3879:
3655:
3500:
1752:"Estonia's party system today: electoral turbulence and changes in ethno-regional patterns"
866:
862:
857:, the Estonian Reform Party has variously been described in its ideological orientation as
538:
423:
since 1996, having been an observer member between 1994 and 1996, and a full member of the
362:
3633:
3079:
Political Parties in Post-Soviet Space: Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, and the Baltics
2023:"Reform Party chairmanship debate behind closed doors, internal voting to end on Thursday"
8:
6283:
6195:
6175:
6047:
6032:
5746:
5281:
5258:
5179:
5059:
4935:
4665:
4616:
3873:
3753:
3677:
3389:
2844:
1613:
1031:
878:
874:
850:
511:
352:
305:
2559:
Political party membership in new democracies electoral rules in Central and East Europe
2403:"Estonia election: Far right surges as centre-right Reform party pulls off surprise win"
1009:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
940:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
824:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
6087:
5699:
5472:
5296:
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4752:
4255:
3759:
3488:
3239:
3111:
1773:
854:
192:
725:
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6117:
5322:
5276:
4881:
4793:
4609:
4529:
4237:
3883:
3546:
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3292:
3083:
3062:
3041:
3020:
2999:
2767:
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2629:
2600:
2573:
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2507:
2480:
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2345:
1849:
1777:
1730:
1698:
1479:
378:
2476:
Government Formation in Central and Eastern Europe: The Case of Minority Governments
692:
held on 25 May 2014, the Reform Party won 24.3% of the national vote, returning two
325:
6235:
6205:
5774:
5546:
5509:
5336:
5201:
5032:
4901:
4643:
4507:
4098:
4007:
3813:
3666:
3423:
2735:
2421:
2359:"Estonia: From Instability to the Consolidation of Centre-Right Coalition Politics"
1763:
608:
592:
accession, the Reform Party successfully delivered its manifesto pledge to abolish
565:
5251:
5241:
2995:
Political Parties of Eastern Europe: A Guide to Politics in the Post-Communist Era
1695:
Parliamentary Elites in Central and Eastern Europe: Recruitment and Representation
43:
6273:
5964:
5829:
5286:
5236:
5189:
5151:
5126:
5116:
4974:
4038:
3644:
3077:
3056:
3035:
3014:
2993:
2383:
Political Culture in the Baltic States: Between National and European Integration
1843:
468:
408:
1279:
678:
428:
5866:
5121:
5076:
5054:
4838:
4413:
3275:
1768:
790:
585:
550:
476:
127:
56:
5174:
4621:
3994:
3394:
2577:
1942:
957:
6298:
6127:
5231:
5221:
5146:
4670:
3893:
3600:
2705:"Estonia's opposition Reform Party wins general election | DW | 3 March 2019"
890:
882:
593:
2143:"Estonian prime minister dismisses junior coalition partner from government"
1691:"Recruitment of parliamentary representatives in an ethno-liberal democracy"
751:
5979:
5291:
5216:
5136:
5111:
4711:
4395:
4131:
3611:
3587:
3459:
3161:
2681:
2557:
2529:"Liberal parties and elections: Electoral performances and voters' profile"
1960:
1617:
1566:
1512:
1212:
978:
962:
894:
713:
646:
639:
569:
463:(ELDP). The new party, which had 710 members at its foundation, was led by
432:
227:
1664:
534:
5923:
5328:
5206:
5169:
5027:
4706:
4638:
3729:
3582:
3476:
3454:
3406:
3370:
1446:
1326:
1100:
778:
733:
581:
507:
492:
464:
444:
416:
404:
393:
76:
66:
51:
2757:
795:
High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
729:
Kaja Kallas, leader of Reform Party and former prime minister of Estonia
635:
396:
since 2018. It is colloquially known as the "Squirrel Party" (Estonian:
6230:
4962:
4845:
4694:
4382:
4342:
3442:
2652:
Europe, a Political Profile: An American Companion to European Politics
1578:
1049:
858:
649:
was Prime Minister of Estonia from April 2005 to March 2014. After the
180:
147:
2888:
2442:"Pro-EU opposition wins Estonian elections, far right makes big gains"
2379:
2361:. In Torbjörn Bergman; Gabriella Ilonszki; Wolfgang C. MĂŒller (eds.).
5905:
4677:
4001:
3430:
3124:
2211:"Coalition agreement: VAT, income tax to rise by 2 percentage points"
1631:, with two full and one alternate members for the 2020â2025 mandate.
654:
521:
Siim Kallas was leader of the Reform Party from 1994 to 2004. He was
472:
277:
3120:
2067:"Pevkur not to run for Reform lead again, Kallas not announcing yet"
681:
of the Reform Party serving as Prime Minister in coalition with the
665:
4759:
4735:
4453:
3672:
3639:
3507:
3495:
3280:
3251:
2342:
Thirty Years of Political Campaigning in Central and Eastern Europe
901:
842:
542:
6310:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party member parties
2280:"Estonia's pro-NATO Reform party wins vote overshadowed by Russia"
2001:"49th cabinet of Estonia sworn in under Prime Minister JĂŒri Ratas"
525:
from 2002 to 2003. In the party's first parliamentary election in
419:
and policies of low taxation. The party has been a full member of
5226:
5044:
5008:
4947:
4918:
4857:
4850:
4828:
4811:
4747:
4599:
4587:
4553:
4536:
4519:
4465:
4436:
4424:
4178:
3685:
3650:
3628:
3606:
3483:
3377:
3360:
3321:
3304:
3287:
3263:
3234:
3222:
2499:
601:
123:
2422:"Estonia general election: Opposition party beats Centre rivals"
1038:
in the Assembly. The Reform Party has been a full member of the
529:, it won 19 seats, catapulting it into second place, behind the
503:
5933:
5015:
4998:
4986:
4930:
4783:
4723:
4660:
4570:
4502:
3661:
3595:
3569:
3536:
3471:
3418:
3338:
3130:
767:
2309:"Racism, sexism, Nazi economics: Estonia's far right in power"
1405:
1400:
1042:
since 1996, having been an observer member from 1994 to 1996.
4771:
4628:
3617:
3519:
3401:
2731:"Estonian Politicians Maneuvers to Form Coalition Government"
2225:"Gallery: Reform, Eesti 200 and SDE sign coalition agreement"
2197:"SDE leader: Coalition agreement ready, includes tax changes"
2117:"Kaja Kallas to become Estonia's first female prime minister"
2089:"Estonia's struggling Reform Party picks first female leader"
545:. While the Coalition Party formed a new government with the
2243:"Riigikogu gives Kaja Kallas mandate to form new government"
1792:"Estonia: Kaja Kallas and the liberal Estonia of the future"
1693:. In Elena Semenova; Michael Edinger; Heinrich Best (eds.).
5496:
4911:
2526:
2335:
1979:"Prime Minister loses no confidence vote, forced to resign"
589:
584:
returned as Speaker. Although the coalition was focused on
3055:
Berglund, Sten; Ekman, Joakim; Aarebrot, Frank H. (2004).
2171:"Estonia's Reform Party starts coalition government talks"
1034:, the party's MEPS Andrus Ansip and Urmas Paetsits in the
3016:
Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States
2891:(in Estonian). Estonian Reform Party Youth. 11 April 2017
908:
549:
at first, a taping scandal involving Centre Party leader
965:
in the east as illustrated in yellow by this map of the
5401:
2626:
Borders in the Baltic Sea Region: Suturing the Ruptures
2472:
576:, with Mart Laar as Prime Minister and Siim Kallas as
5733:
3730:
Member parties of international liberal organisations
3054:
2758:
Piret Ehin; Tonis Saarts; Mari-Liis Jakobson (2020).
2261:"Estonia's parliament backs Kristen Michal as new PM"
1845:
The Consolidation of Democracy in East-Central Europe
3105:
1723:"Central and Southeast European Politics since 1989"
754:
as Prime Minister, Kallas formed a Reform Party-led
339:
4385:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
4344:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
3200:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
3012:
2503:
Encyclopedia of World Political Systems, Volume One
2468:
2466:
2380:Kjetil Duvold; Sten Berglund; Joakim Ekman (2020).
1028:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
873:. The party has consistently advocated policies of
770:and SDE as minority partners was formed on 8 July.
216:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
3058:The Handbook of Political Change in Eastern Europe
2911:"Home | Andrus ANSIP | MEPs | European Parliament"
2500:J. Denis Derbyshire; Ian Derbyshire, eds. (2016).
1917:"Estonia swears in EU's youngest PM, Taavi Roivas"
1727:Central and East European party systems since 1989
596:, one of its most notable achievements. After the
2624:. In Andrey Makarychev; Alexandra Yatsyk (eds.).
2278:Garlick, Stuart; Sibierski, Mary (1 March 2015).
893:on re-invested income and wants to eliminate the
673:Following the resignation of Andrus Ansip, a new
600:, the three parties replicated their alliance in
471:. Kallas was not viewed as being associated with
6325:Full member parties of the Liberal International
6296:
5896:
2936:"Home | Urmas PAET | MEPs | European Parliament"
2463:
2277:
2157:"Reform, SDE, Isamaa strike coalition agreement"
2045:"Hanno Pevkur elected new Reform Party chairman"
1848:. London: Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 352.
1688:
1410:
6221:People's Party of Republicans and Conservatives
1909:
1720:
1026:The Reform Party has been a full member of the
2801:
2799:
2797:
2531:. In Emilie van Haute; Caroline Close (eds.).
2493:
2363:Coalition Governance in Central Eastern Europe
1893:
1891:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1841:
1729:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 78â79.
669:Taavi RÔivas, former prime minister of Estonia
31:
5882:
4368:
3715:
3146:
3075:
2619:
2595:. In Marat Terterov; Jonathan Reuvid (eds.).
2365:. Oxford University Press. pp. 170â185.
1828:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1812:
425:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
5518:(represented through two individual members)
2813:
2811:
2356:
1867:
1865:
1684:
1682:
572:coalition with the Pro Patria Union and the
541:and supporting the maintenance of Estonia's
5792:
2794:
2590:
1888:
1874:
1716:
1714:
736:was elected party leader on 14 April 2018.
615:, from January 2002 to March 2003 with the
5960:Estonian Freedom Party â Farmers' Assembly
5889:
5875:
5610:
4375:
4361:
3722:
3708:
3153:
3139:
3110:
3076:Kulik, Anatoly; Pshizova, Susanna (2005).
2841:European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party
2648:
1823:
1809:
1607:
1064:
750:In January 2021, after the resignation of
653:the party held 31 out of 101 seats in the
427:(ALDE). Reform Party leaders Siim Kallas,
324:
42:
3740:
2808:
2642:
2593:"Economic Performance and Market Reforms"
2520:
1862:
1767:
1679:
1045:The party claims to have 12,000 members.
3082:. New York: Greenwood Publishing Group.
3033:
2991:
2751:
1749:
1711:
1627:, the Estonian Reform Party sits in the
1616:, the Estonian Reform Party sits in the
956:
800:
724:
664:
634:
502:
5944:Estonian Nationalists and Conservatives
5498:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
2479:. Verlag Barbara Budrich. p. 115.
2400:
1842:Dawisha, Karen; Parrott, Bruce (1999).
6297:
5929:Conservative People's Party of Estonia
2762:. In VĂt HlouĆĄek; Petr Kaniok (eds.).
2527:Caroline Close; Pascal Delwit (2019).
2344:. Springer International. p. 27.
2336:Marju Lauristin; Sten Hansson (2019).
6340:Political parties established in 1994
6216:Party of Estonian Christian Democrats
5870:
5791:
5732:
5609:
5495:
5400:
4356:
4341:
3739:
3703:
3134:
2555:
2535:. Taylor & Francis. p. 295.
2340:. In MiloĆĄ Gregor; Otto Eibl (eds.).
677:was installed on 24 March 2014, with
6261:Social Democratic Independence Party
6038:Independent Socialist Workers' Party
3037:The Baltic States After Independence
2869:(in Estonian). Estonian Reform Party
989:
920:
916:
804:
739:Under Kallas' leadership during the
5403:Liberal South East European Network
3061:. London: Edward Elgar Publishing.
3040:. London: Edward Elgar Publishing.
1059:
516:European Commissioner for Transport
413:Pro Patria National Coalition Party
13:
6123:Union of Settlers and Smallholders
2599:. GMB Publishing Ltd. p. 20.
2306:
1641:Liberalism and centrism in Estonia
642:, former prime minister of Estonia
14:
6361:
5735:Liberal Network for Latin America
3097:
2837:"History : ELDR 1976 â 2009"
2826:Kulik and Pshizova (2005), p. 151
2817:Kulik and Pshizova (2005), p. 153
1871:Europa Publications (1998), p 336
1625:European Committee of the Regions
881:, and has also been described as
489:Swedish People's Party of Finland
479:. The party formed ties with the
461:Estonian Liberal Democratic Party
108:Estonian Liberal Democratic Party
6093:Social Democratic Workers' Party
5373:
5372:
5075:
5043:
5026:
5014:
4997:
4985:
4973:
4961:
4946:
4929:
4917:
4880:
4868:
4856:
4844:
4827:
4810:
4782:
4770:
4758:
4746:
4734:
4722:
4705:
4693:
4676:
4659:
4627:
4615:
4598:
4586:
4569:
4552:
4535:
4518:
4501:
4464:
4452:
4435:
4423:
3684:
3671:
3660:
3649:
3638:
3627:
3616:
3605:
3594:
3581:
3568:
3535:
3518:
3506:
3494:
3482:
3470:
3453:
3441:
3429:
3417:
3400:
3388:
3376:
3359:
3337:
3320:
3303:
3286:
3274:
3262:
3250:
3233:
3221:
3160:
3123:description of the party on the
2985:
2401:Osborne, Samuel (4 March 2019).
1597:
1596:
1558:
1531:
1530:
1497:
1387:
1386:
1345:
1344:
1298:
1297:
1262:
1261:
1231:
1230:
1195:
1194:
1164:
1163:
994:
925:
809:
621:Pro Patria and Res Publica Union
598:October 1999 municipal elections
467:, who had been president of the
166:
165:
6256:Russian Social Democratic Party
2967:
2953:
2928:
2903:
2881:
2859:
2829:
2820:
2780:
2766:. Springer Nature. p. 89.
2723:
2697:
2669:
2613:
2584:
2549:
2473:Dorothea Keudel-Kaiser (2014).
2386:. Springer Nature. p. 72.
2326:
2300:
2271:
2253:
2235:
2217:
2203:
2189:
2163:
2149:
2135:
2109:
2081:
2059:
2037:
2015:
1993:
1971:
1953:
1935:
1900:
1750:Oskolkov, Petr (January 2020).
985:
889:The party supports Estonian 0%
707:
660:
630:
510:, former vice-president of the
272:"A Better Estonia for Everyone"
6305:1994 establishments in Estonia
5970:Free Party Come To Your Senses
1943:"Euroopa Parlamendi valimised"
1835:
1784:
1743:
1653:
1559:
1498:
974:than 40% more voters overall.
720:
498:
1:
6181:Estonian Party for the Future
6103:Socialist Revolutionary Party
5595:*associate member **observer
3121:Estonian Reform Party faction
1725:. In Sabrina P. Ramet (ed.).
1663:(in Estonian). Archived from
1646:
1411:European Parliament elections
457:Pro Patria National Coalition
6345:Political parties in Estonia
6330:Liberal conservative parties
6320:Conservative liberal parties
5898:Political parties in Estonia
3013:Europa Publications (1998).
2562:. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
392:. The party has been led by
7:
6211:National Independence Party
6008:Demobilised Soldiers' Union
4394:European Parliament group:
2805:Berglund et al (2004), p 65
2597:Doing Business with Estonia
1897:Berglund et al (2004), p 67
1634:
1054:Estonian Reform Party Youth
967:2007 parliamentary election
775:2023 parliamentary election
701:2015 parliamentary election
651:2007 parliamentary election
555:Minister of Foreign Affairs
153:Estonian Reform Party Youth
10:
6366:
6335:Liberal parties in Estonia
6191:Independent Royalist Party
5975:Estonian United Left Party
2788:"Eesti Rahvus RinghÀÀling"
2506:. Routledge. p. 377.
1769:10.5922/2079-8555-2020-1-1
1697:. Routledge. p. 101.
1661:"Ăriregistri teabesĂŒsteem"
841:Described as being on the
450:
403:It was founded in 1994 by
390:political party in Estonia
18:Political party in Estonia
6315:Classical liberal parties
6279:List of political parties
6269:
6136:
5988:
5952:
5904:
5800:
5787:
5741:
5728:
5618:
5605:
5504:
5491:
5409:
5396:
5368:
5346:
5313:
5269:
5160:
5142:Annemie Neyts-Uyttebroeck
5104:
4802:
4411:
4404:
4392:
4350:
4337:
3748:
3735:
3559:
3213:
3205:European Democratic Party
3188:
3181:
3174:European Parliament group
3170:
2992:Bugajski, Janusz (2002).
2677:"Die estnischen Parteien"
2655:. ABC-CLIO. p. 525.
2628:. Springer. p. 132.
2556:Smith, Alison F. (2020).
2533:Liberal Parties in Europe
2446:EURACTIV.com with Reuters
2094:The Sydney Morning Herald
1689:Mindaugas Kuklys (2014).
1565:
1511:
1466:
1385:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1367:
1343:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1296:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1211:
1117:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1003:This article needs to be
934:This section needs to be
907:The party used to oppose
818:This section needs to be
523:Prime Minister of Estonia
400:), referencing its logo.
348:
337:
332:
323:
318:
304:
290:
276:
266:
243:
234:International affiliation
233:
223:European Parliament group
221:
209:
191:
174:
158:
146:
134:
119:
100:
82:
72:
62:
50:
41:
32:
25:
6201:Liberal Democratic Party
6108:Socialist Workers' Party
6098:Social Travaillist Party
6073:Radical Democratic Party
5998:Christian People's Party
5413:Bosnia and Herzegovina:
5347:Affiliated organisations
5304:Von der Leyen Commission
5212:Valery Giscard d'Estaing
3768:Bosnia and Herzegovina:
2998:. London: M. E. Sharpe.
1721:Elisabeth Bakke (2010).
900:The party wanted to cut
764:new coalition government
613:People's Party Moderates
407:, then-president of the
6171:Democratic Labour Party
6113:Swedish People's League
6078:Radical Socialist Party
5919:Social Democratic Party
5794:Arab Liberal Federation
5316:at the European Council
4803:Member parties (non-EU)
2069:. ERR. 13 December 2017
2003:. ERR. 23 November 2016
1608:European representation
1065:Parliamentary elections
786:was sworn into office.
784:third Kallas government
745:second Ratas government
690:2014 European elections
683:Social Democratic Party
625:Social Democratic Party
441:Social Democratic Party
193:Political position
6161:Communist Party (CPSU)
6083:Russian National Union
6058:National Liberal Party
5612:Africa Liberal Network
5360:European Liberal Forum
5354:European Liberal Youth
5270:European Commissioners
3579:First Vice-President:
3034:NĂžrgaard, Ole (1999).
2940:www.europarl.europa.eu
2915:www.europarl.europa.eu
2620:Kjetil Duvold (2017).
1981:. ERR. 9 November 2016
1906:Bugajski (2002), p. 53
1885:Bugajski (2002), p. 52
1832:NĂžrgaard (1999), p. 75
1820:Bugajski (2002), p. 64
1629:Renew Europe CoR group
970:
730:
670:
643:
539:agricultural subsidies
518:
485:Liberal People's Party
397:
382:
88:; 29 years ago
6053:National Centre Party
5939:Estonian Centre Party
5914:Estonian Reform Party
5004:RPR-PARNAS/Đ ĐĐ -ĐĐĐ ĐĐĐĄ
3742:Liberal International
3019:. London: Routledge.
2357:Vello Pettai (2019).
2047:. ERR. 8 January 2017
2025:. ERR. 5 January 2017
1961:"Riigikogu valimised"
1040:Liberal International
960:
801:Ideology and platform
760:Estonian Centre Party
728:
668:
638:
617:Estonian Centre Party
506:
481:Free Democratic Party
421:Liberal International
375:Estonian Reform Party
270:"Parem Eesti kÔigile"
238:Liberal International
86:18 November 1994
28:Estonian Reform Party
5197:Jean-François Pintat
5132:Uffe Ellemann-Jensen
2591:Alari Purju (2003).
871:conservative-liberal
867:liberal-conservative
756:coalition government
543:flat-rate income tax
437:coalition government
383:Eesti Reformierakond
211:European affiliation
33:Eesti Reformierakond
6284:Politics of Estonia
6033:German-Baltic Party
6028:Farmers' Assemblies
5646:Equatorial Guinea:
5314:Heads of government
5259:European Parliament
5180:Cornelis Berkhouwer
5161:European Parliament
3899:Equatorial Guinea:
3682:Secretary General:
2649:Hans Slomp (2011).
2284:AFP via Yahoo! News
1614:European Parliament
1032:European Parliament
879:fiscal conservatism
875:economic liberalism
712:On 7 January 2017,
578:Minister of Finance
512:European Commission
353:Politics of Estonia
306:European Parliament
6350:Neoliberal parties
6186:Independence Party
6166:Constitution Party
6146:Biodiversity Party
6137:Historical parties
5989:Historical parties
5297:Margrethe Vestager
4907:Girchi-MF/ááá á©á-áá
2975:"Members Page CoR"
2961:"Members Page CoR"
1618:Renew Europe group
971:
855:political spectrum
731:
671:
644:
568:. The ER formed a
519:
411:, as a split from
6292:
6291:
6246:Res Publica Party
5864:
5863:
5860:
5859:
5783:
5782:
5724:
5723:
5601:
5600:
5487:
5486:
5455:North Macedonia:
5392:
5391:
5386:
5385:
5323:Alexander De Croo
5247:Stéphane Séjourné
5100:
5099:
4333:
4332:
4312:Netherlands Group
4291:National groups:
4147:North Macedonia:
3697:
3696:
3634:Morten LĂžkkegaard
3623:Jordi Cañas Pérez
3592:Vice-Presidents:
3575:Stéphane Séjourné
3555:
3554:
3089:978-0-275-97344-5
3068:978-1-84064-854-6
3047:978-1-85898-837-5
3026:978-1-85743-058-5
3005:978-1-56324-676-0
2790:. 21 August 2014.
2773:978-3-030-40858-9
2662:978-0-313-39181-1
2635:978-1-352-00014-6
2606:978-1-905050-56-7
2569:978-3-030-41796-3
2542:978-1-351-24549-4
2513:978-1-317-47156-1
2393:978-3-030-21844-7
2372:978-0-19-884437-2
2351:978-3-03-027693-5
2123:. 24 January 2021
1855:978-1-85898-837-5
1736:978-1-139-48750-4
1704:978-1-317-93533-9
1605:
1604:
1480:Kristiina Ojuland
1398:
1397:
1024:
1023:
955:
954:
917:Political support
863:classical-liberal
839:
838:
459:(RKEI) â and the
371:
370:
358:Political parties
63:General Secretary
6357:
6241:Republican Party
6236:Pro Patria Union
6063:Patriotic League
6048:Landlords' Party
6018:Democratic Party
5891:
5884:
5877:
5868:
5867:
5789:
5788:
5730:
5729:
5607:
5606:
5493:
5492:
5398:
5397:
5376:
5375:
5337:European Council
5202:Martin Bangemann
5193:
5163:Group Presidents
5105:Party Presidents
5080:
5079:
5048:
5047:
5031:
5030:
5019:
5018:
5002:
5001:
4990:
4989:
4978:
4977:
4966:
4965:
4951:
4950:
4934:
4933:
4922:
4921:
4885:
4884:
4873:
4872:
4861:
4860:
4849:
4848:
4832:
4831:
4815:
4814:
4787:
4786:
4775:
4774:
4763:
4762:
4751:
4750:
4739:
4738:
4727:
4726:
4710:
4709:
4698:
4697:
4681:
4680:
4664:
4663:
4632:
4631:
4620:
4619:
4603:
4602:
4591:
4590:
4574:
4573:
4557:
4556:
4540:
4539:
4523:
4522:
4506:
4505:
4469:
4468:
4457:
4456:
4440:
4439:
4428:
4427:
4412:Member parties (
4409:
4408:
4398:
4386:
4377:
4370:
4363:
4354:
4353:
4339:
4338:
4273:United Kingdom:
4244:FDP.The Liberals
3737:
3736:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3701:
3700:
3690:Anders Rasmussen
3689:
3688:
3676:
3675:
3667:Dominique Riquet
3665:
3664:
3654:
3653:
3643:
3642:
3632:
3631:
3621:
3620:
3610:
3609:
3599:
3598:
3586:
3585:
3573:
3572:
3540:
3539:
3523:
3522:
3511:
3510:
3499:
3498:
3487:
3486:
3475:
3474:
3458:
3457:
3446:
3445:
3434:
3433:
3422:
3421:
3405:
3404:
3393:
3392:
3381:
3380:
3364:
3363:
3342:
3341:
3325:
3324:
3308:
3307:
3291:
3290:
3279:
3278:
3267:
3266:
3255:
3254:
3238:
3237:
3226:
3225:
3214:National parties
3192:
3191:European parties
3186:
3185:
3175:
3164:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3132:
3131:
3117:
3114:
3109:
3108:
3106:Official website
3093:
3072:
3051:
3030:
3009:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2867:"Organisatsioon"
2863:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2843:. Archived from
2833:
2827:
2824:
2818:
2815:
2806:
2803:
2792:
2791:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2736:Voice of America
2727:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2470:
2461:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2397:
2376:
2355:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2290:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2249:. 12 April 2023.
2239:
2233:
2232:
2231:. 10 April 2023.
2221:
2215:
2214:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1886:
1883:
1872:
1869:
1860:
1859:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1821:
1818:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1796:www.freiheit.org
1788:
1782:
1781:
1771:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1718:
1709:
1708:
1686:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1657:
1600:
1599:
1592:
1562:
1561:
1554:
1534:
1533:
1526:
1501:
1500:
1493:
1460:
1415:
1414:
1390:
1389:
1382:
1363:
1355:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1316:
1308:
1301:
1300:
1293:
1265:
1264:
1257:
1234:
1233:
1226:
1198:
1197:
1190:
1167:
1166:
1159:
1140:
1132:
1124:
1114:
1069:
1068:
1060:Election results
1019:
1016:
1010:
998:
997:
990:
950:
947:
941:
929:
928:
921:
834:
831:
825:
813:
812:
805:
609:Pro Patria Union
566:Pro Patria Union
483:of Germany, the
344:
341:
328:
313:
299:
285:
258:
252:
169:
168:
162:
96:
94:
89:
46:
35:
34:
23:
22:
6365:
6364:
6360:
6359:
6358:
6356:
6355:
6354:
6295:
6294:
6293:
6288:
6274:Portal:Politics
6265:
6156:Communist Party
6151:Coalition Party
6138:
6132:
6088:Settlers' Party
6013:Democratic Bloc
6003:Communist Party
5990:
5984:
5965:Estonian Greens
5948:
5900:
5895:
5865:
5856:
5796:
5779:
5737:
5720:
5640:CĂŽte d'Ivoire:
5614:
5597:
5500:
5483:
5405:
5388:
5387:
5382:
5364:
5342:
5315:
5309:
5287:Didier Reynders
5265:
5264:
5237:Guy Verhofstadt
5187:
5162:
5156:
5152:Hans van Baalen
5127:Willy De Clercq
5117:Willy De Clercq
5096:
5074:
5042:
5025:
5013:
5009:Yabloko/ĐŻÌĐ±Đ»ĐŸĐșĐŸ
4996:
4984:
4972:
4960:
4945:
4928:
4916:
4879:
4867:
4855:
4843:
4826:
4809:
4798:
4781:
4769:
4757:
4745:
4733:
4721:
4704:
4692:
4675:
4658:
4626:
4614:
4597:
4585:
4568:
4551:
4534:
4517:
4500:
4463:
4451:
4434:
4422:
4400:
4396:
4388:
4384:
4381:
4346:
4329:
4296:Brazilian Group
4039:Future Movement
3852:CĂŽte d'Ivoire:
3744:
3731:
3728:
3698:
3693:
3683:
3670:
3659:
3656:Frédérique Ries
3648:
3645:Iskra Mihaylova
3637:
3626:
3615:
3604:
3593:
3580:
3567:
3551:
3534:
3517:
3505:
3493:
3481:
3469:
3452:
3440:
3428:
3416:
3399:
3387:
3375:
3358:
3336:
3319:
3302:
3285:
3273:
3261:
3249:
3232:
3220:
3209:
3190:
3177:
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3166:
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3159:
3115:
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3100:
3090:
3069:
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3006:
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2919:
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2909:
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2894:
2892:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2872:
2870:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2850:
2848:
2847:on 2 March 2009
2835:
2834:
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2809:
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2795:
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2471:
2464:
2460:
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2440:
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2429:
2420:
2411:
2409:
2407:The Independent
2394:
2373:
2352:
2331:
2327:
2317:
2315:
2307:Walker, Shaun.
2305:
2301:
2288:
2286:
2276:
2272:
2267:. 22 July 2024.
2259:
2258:
2254:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2213:. 8 April 2023.
2209:
2208:
2204:
2199:. 7 April 2023.
2195:
2194:
2190:
2180:
2178:
2175:The Independent
2169:
2168:
2164:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2126:
2124:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2100:
2098:
2097:. 15 April 2018
2087:
2086:
2082:
2072:
2070:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2050:
2048:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2028:
2026:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2006:
2004:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1984:
1982:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1923:. 26 March 2014
1915:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1889:
1884:
1875:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1840:
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1831:
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1785:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1687:
1680:
1670:
1668:
1667:on 23 July 2011
1659:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1637:
1620:with two MEPs.
1610:
1593:
1590:
1555:
1552:
1527:
1524:
1494:
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1461:
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1413:
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1067:
1062:
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1014:
1011:
1008:
999:
995:
988:
951:
945:
942:
939:
930:
926:
919:
902:flat income tax
835:
829:
826:
823:
814:
810:
803:
723:
710:
663:
633:
531:Coalition Party
501:
487:of Sweden, the
469:Bank of Estonia
453:
409:Bank of Estonia
367:
338:
314:
311:
300:
297:
286:
283:
271:
262:
256:
250:
205:
160:
140:
139:Paremad Uudised
115:
92:
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87:
37:
36:
29:
19:
12:
11:
5:
6363:
6353:
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6270:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6226:People's Union
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6142:
6140:
6134:
6133:
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6130:
6125:
6120:
6118:Tenants' Union
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6068:People's Party
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6023:Economic Group
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5994:
5992:
5986:
5985:
5983:
5982:
5977:
5972:
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5726:
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5706:
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5692:South Africa:
5690:
5684:
5678:
5672:
5662:
5656:
5650:
5644:
5638:
5632:
5628:Burkina Faso:
5626:
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5603:
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5332:
5326:
5319:
5317:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5282:Janez LenarÄiÄ
5279:
5273:
5271:
5267:
5266:
5263:
5262:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
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5164:
5158:
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5154:
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5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5122:Colette Flesch
5119:
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4271:
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4258:
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4224:
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4214:South Africa:
4212:
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4175:
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3876:
3862:
3856:
3850:
3844:
3829:
3822:
3816:
3810:
3804:
3797:
3792:Burkina Faso:
3790:
3780:
3773:
3766:
3756:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3704:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3680:
3678:Michal Ć imeÄka
3590:
3577:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3532:
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3329:
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3295:
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3271:
3259:
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3242:
3230:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3196:
3194:
3183:
3182:Member parties
3179:
3178:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3158:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3118:
3099:
3098:External links
3096:
3095:
3094:
3088:
3073:
3067:
3052:
3046:
3031:
3025:
3010:
3004:
2987:
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2952:
2927:
2902:
2880:
2858:
2828:
2819:
2807:
2793:
2779:
2772:
2750:
2739:. 3 March 2003
2722:
2711:. 3 March 2019
2709:Deutsche Welle
2696:
2685:. 5 March 2007
2668:
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2641:
2634:
2612:
2605:
2583:
2568:
2548:
2541:
2519:
2512:
2492:
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2462:
2459:
2458:
2448:. 4 March 2019
2438:
2428:. 3 March 2019
2418:
2398:
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2377:
2371:
2350:
2332:
2325:
2299:
2270:
2252:
2234:
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2202:
2188:
2177:. 8 March 2023
2162:
2159:. 8 July 2022.
2148:
2145:. 3 June 2022.
2134:
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2014:
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1021:
1002:
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984:
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946:September 2021
933:
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915:
914:
913:
905:
898:
837:
836:
817:
815:
808:
802:
799:
791:Kristen Michal
789:In July 2024,
722:
719:
709:
706:
662:
659:
632:
629:
551:Edgar Savisaar
500:
497:
477:Estonian kroon
452:
449:
369:
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292:Municipalities
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101:Merger of
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60:
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57:Kristen Michal
54:
48:
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39:
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30:
27:
26:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6271:
6268:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6251:Russian Party
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6231:Popular Front
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
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6212:
6209:
6207:
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6199:
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6159:
6157:
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6152:
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6147:
6144:
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6141:
6135:
6129:
6128:Vaps Movement
6126:
6124:
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6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
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6104:
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6099:
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5957:
5955:
5953:Other parties
5951:
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5564:Philippines:
5563:
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5554:
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5548:
5544:
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5528:
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5280:
5278:
5275:
5274:
5272:
5268:
5261:
5260:
5255:
5253:
5252:Valérie Hayer
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5242:Dacian CioloÈ
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5232:Graham Watson
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5222:Gijs de Vries
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
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5176:
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5147:Graham Watson
5145:
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4708:
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4371:
4366:
4364:
4359:
4358:
4355:
4349:
4345:
4340:
4336:
4328:
4323:
4322:British Group
4320:
4318:
4317:Catalan Group
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4307:Israeli Group
4305:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4286:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4269:
4265:
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4259:
4257:
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4245:
4242:Switzerland:
4241:
4239:
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4231:
4229:
4225:
4223:
4219:
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4213:
4211:
4207:
4205:
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4198:
4194:
4192:
4188:
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4182:
4180:
4176:
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4165:Philippines:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4156:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4130:Netherlands:
4129:
4126:
4122:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4089:
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4009:
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3999:
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3992:
3989:
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3979:
3977:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3944:
3943:Liberal Party
3940:
3938:
3934:
3931:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3914:
3910:
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3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3827:
3823:
3821:
3820:Liberal Party
3817:
3815:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3802:
3798:
3795:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3781:
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3657:
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3646:
3641:
3635:
3630:
3624:
3619:
3613:
3608:
3602:
3601:Sylvie Brunet
3597:
3591:
3589:
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3578:
3576:
3571:
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3558:
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3301:
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3212:
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3201:
3198:
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3187:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3169:
3165:
3156:
3151:
3149:
3144:
3142:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3116:(in Estonian)
3113:
3107:
3102:
3101:
3091:
3085:
3081:
3080:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3060:
3059:
3053:
3049:
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3038:
3032:
3028:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2986:Cited sources
2976:
2970:
2962:
2956:
2941:
2937:
2931:
2916:
2912:
2906:
2890:
2884:
2868:
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2700:
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2631:
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2602:
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2544:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2523:
2515:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2496:
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2486:9783863882372
2482:
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2303:
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2262:
2256:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2230:
2226:
2220:
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2206:
2198:
2192:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2158:
2152:
2144:
2138:
2122:
2118:
2112:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2084:
2068:
2062:
2046:
2040:
2024:
2018:
2002:
1996:
1980:
1974:
1966:
1965:rk2015.vvk.ee
1962:
1956:
1948:
1947:ep2014.vvk.ee
1944:
1938:
1922:
1921:Vanguard News
1918:
1912:
1903:
1894:
1892:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1868:
1866:
1857:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1838:
1829:
1827:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1762:. Moscow: 6.
1761:
1757:
1756:Baltic Region
1753:
1746:
1738:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1717:
1715:
1706:
1700:
1696:
1692:
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1417:
1416:
1393:
1370:
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1359:
1358:
1351:
1328:
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1319:
1312:
1311:
1304:
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1268:
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1201:
1193:
1186:
1183:
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1174:
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1155:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1127:
1120:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1018:
1015:December 2016
1006:
1001:
992:
991:
983:
980:
975:
968:
964:
959:
949:
937:
932:
923:
922:
910:
906:
903:
899:
896:
892:
891:corporate tax
888:
887:
886:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
833:
821:
816:
807:
806:
798:
796:
792:
787:
785:
780:
776:
771:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
748:
746:
742:
741:2019 election
737:
735:
727:
718:
715:
705:
702:
697:
695:
691:
686:
684:
680:
676:
667:
658:
656:
652:
648:
641:
637:
628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
605:
603:
599:
595:
594:corporate tax
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
562:1999 election
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
517:
513:
509:
505:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
401:
399:
395:
391:
388:
384:
380:
376:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
350:
347:
343:
336:
331:
327:
322:
317:
309:
307:
303:
295:
293:
289:
281:
279:
275:
269:
265:
255:
249:
248:
246:
242:
239:
236:
232:
229:
226:
224:
220:
217:
214:
212:
208:
202:
199:
198:
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
179:
177:
173:
164:
157:
154:
151:
149:
145:
142:
137:
133:
129:
125:
122:
118:
111:
109:
106:
105:
103:
99:
85:
81:
78:
75:
71:
68:
65:
61:
58:
55:
53:
49:
45:
40:
24:
21:
16:
6139:(since 1988)
6043:Labour Party
5980:Parempoolsed
5913:
5755:Costa Rica:
5686:Seychelles:
5674:Mozambique:
5652:Madagascar:
5594:
5582:ROC Taiwan:
5334:
5301:
5292:Kadri Simson
5277:VÄra JourovĂĄ
5256:
5217:Yves Galland
5185:Jean Durieux
5137:Werner Hoyer
5112:Gaston Thorn
4546:
4397:Renew Europe
4326:
4302:German Group
4290:
4195:Seychelles:
4123:Mozambique:
4103:Montenegro:
4056:Madagascar:
4050:Luxembourg:
3906:
3846:Costa Rica:
3612:Katalin Cseh
3588:Malik Azmani
3314:
3163:Renew Europe
3078:
3057:
3036:
3015:
2994:
2969:
2955:
2943:. Retrieved
2939:
2930:
2918:. Retrieved
2914:
2905:
2893:. Retrieved
2883:
2871:. Retrieved
2861:
2849:. Retrieved
2845:the original
2831:
2822:
2782:
2763:
2753:
2741:. Retrieved
2734:
2725:
2713:. Retrieved
2708:
2699:
2687:. Retrieved
2682:Der Standard
2680:
2671:
2651:
2644:
2625:
2615:
2596:
2586:
2558:
2551:
2532:
2522:
2502:
2495:
2475:
2450:. Retrieved
2445:
2430:. Retrieved
2425:
2410:. Retrieved
2406:
2382:
2362:
2341:
2328:
2316:. Retrieved
2313:The Guardian
2312:
2302:
2294:
2287:. Retrieved
2283:
2273:
2264:
2255:
2246:
2237:
2228:
2219:
2205:
2191:
2179:. Retrieved
2174:
2165:
2151:
2137:
2125:. Retrieved
2120:
2111:
2099:. Retrieved
2092:
2083:
2071:. Retrieved
2061:
2049:. Retrieved
2039:
2027:. Retrieved
2017:
2005:. Retrieved
1995:
1983:. Retrieved
1973:
1964:
1955:
1946:
1937:
1925:. Retrieved
1920:
1911:
1902:
1844:
1837:
1799:. Retrieved
1795:
1786:
1759:
1755:
1745:
1726:
1694:
1669:. Retrieved
1665:the original
1655:
1622:
1611:
1513:Andrus Ansip
1421:List leader
1280:Taavi RÔivas
1213:Andrus Ansip
1048:The party's
1047:
1044:
1025:
1012:
1004:
986:Organisation
976:
972:
963:Tartu County
943:
935:
895:dividend tax
847:centre-right
840:
827:
819:
788:
772:
749:
738:
732:
714:Hanno Pevkur
711:
708:Hanno Pevkur
698:
687:
679:Taavi RÔivas
672:
661:Taavi RÔivas
647:Andrus Ansip
645:
640:Andrus Ansip
631:Andrus Ansip
606:
570:centre-right
559:
547:Centre Party
520:
454:
433:Andrus Ansip
429:Taavi RÔivas
402:
374:
372:
228:Renew Europe
201:Centre-right
138:
120:Headquarters
112:Reform Party
20:
15:
5991:(1905â1940)
5924:Estonia 200
5761:Guatemala:
5745:Argentina:
5576:Sri Lanka:
5570:Singapore:
5521:Indonesia:
5514:Hong Kong:
5329:Kaja Kallas
5207:Simone Veil
5188: [
5175:René Pleven
5170:Yvon Delbos
5070:Holos/ĐĐŸĐ»ĐŸŃ
4605:LiberĂĄlisok
4327:* observer
4226:Sri Lanka:
4140:Nicaragua:
4044:Lithuania:
3986:Indonesia:
3947:Guatemala:
3941:Gibraltar:
3566:President:
2889:"Juhtimine"
2743:19 December
2715:21 December
2689:29 December
2073:22 December
2007:23 November
1586:17.93 (#3)
1520:24.31 (#1)
1487:15.32 (#3)
1454:12.22 (#3)
1447:Toomas Savi
1376:31.24 (#1)
1362:(2021â2023)
1354:(2019â2021)
1352:Opposition
1334:28.93 (#1)
1327:Kaja Kallas
1315:(2016â2019)
1313:Opposition
1307:(2015â2016)
1287:27.69 (#1)
1251:28.56 (#1)
1220:27.82 (#1)
1184:17.69 (#3)
1153:15.92 (#3)
1139:(1996â1999)
1137:Opposition
1131:(1995â1996)
1121:Opposition
1108:16.19 (#2)
1101:Siim Kallas
1090:Government
779:Estonia 200
734:Kaja Kallas
721:Kaja Kallas
582:Toomas Savi
580:, and with
508:Siim Kallas
499:Siim Kallas
493:Latvian Way
465:Siim Kallas
445:Estonia 200
417:free market
405:Siim Kallas
398:Oravapartei
394:Kaja Kallas
298:244 / 1,717
159:Membership
141:Reformikiri
77:Siim Kallas
67:Timo Suslov
52:Chairperson
6299:Categories
6196:Left Party
6176:Free Party
5698:Tanzania:
5634:DR Congo:
5588:Thailand:
5557:Pakistan:
5545:Mongolia:
5539:Malaysia:
5508:Cambodia:
5477:Slovenia:
5419:Bulgaria:
4729:Nowoczesna
4260:Thailand:
4254:Tanzania:
4208:Slovenia:
4202:Slovakia:
4159:Paraguay:
4097:Mongolia:
4069:Malaysia:
3968:Honduras:
3911:Ethiopia:
3831:DR Congo:
3824:Colombia:
3812:Cambodia:
3782:Bulgaria:
3775:Botswana:
3560:Leadership
2578:1154544689
2452:13 October
2432:13 October
2412:13 October
2318:13 October
2289:13 October
2127:25 January
2051:11 January
2029:11 January
1985:9 November
1647:References
1579:Urmas Paet
1548:26.2 (#1)
1394:Coalition
1360:Coalition
1305:Coalition
1269:Coalition
1238:Coalition
1202:Coalition
1171:Coalition
1129:Coalition
1050:youth wing
1036:ALDE group
883:neoliberal
851:right-wing
830:March 2023
752:JĂŒri Ratas
527:March 1995
319:Party flag
181:Liberalism
148:Youth wing
93:1994-11-18
5906:Riigikogu
5850:Tunisia:
5834:Morocco:
5824:Lebanon:
5804:Comoros:
5708:Tunisia:
5680:Senegal:
5664:Morocco:
5551:Myanmar:
5465:Romania:
5443:Hungary:
5429:Croatia:
5331:(Estonia)
5325:(Belgium)
4912:Droa/áá áá
4902:Lelo/áááá
4513:DiPa/ÎηΠα
4508:EDI/Î.ÎÎ.
4266:Ukraine:
4183:Senegal:
4171:Romania:
4109:Morocco:
4090:Moldova:
4037:Lebanon:
4002:Yesh Atid
3993:Ireland:
3980:Iceland:
3974:Hungary:
3935:Germany:
3928:Georgia:
3918:Finland:
3905:Estonia:
3878:Denmark:
3858:Croatia:
3806:Burundi:
3758:Belgium:
3752:Andorra:
3125:Riigikogu
2873:29 August
2851:29 August
2760:"Estonia"
2338:"Estonia"
1927:27 August
1801:24 August
1778:216522189
1436:EP Group
1418:Election
1072:Election
979:drop-outs
758:with the
655:Riigikogu
574:Moderates
535:Tiit VĂ€hi
473:Mart Laar
439:with the
363:Elections
278:Riigikogu
135:Newspaper
128:TÔnismÀgi
6206:Libertas
5767:Mexico:
5714:Zambia:
5658:Malawi:
5622:Angola:
5471:Serbia:
5449:Kosovo:
5378:Category
5087:Lib Dems
5082:Alliance
4924:ViĂ°reisn
4610:Momentum
4442:Open Vld
4283:Zambia:
4279:Lib Dems
4248:Taiwan:
4232:Sweden:
4189:Serbia:
4177:Russia:
4153:Norway:
4083:Mexico:
4063:Malawi:
4031:Latvia:
4024:Kosovo:
4000:Israel:
3957:Guinea:
3920:Keskusta
3818:Canada:
3383:Momentum
3245:Open Vld
2426:BBC News
2265:POLITICO
2181:11 March
2121:euronews
2101:17 April
1635:See also
1381:37 / 101
1373:190,632
1339:34 / 101
1331:162,363
1292:30 / 101
1284:158,970
1256:33 / 101
1248:164,255
1225:31 / 101
1217:153,044
1189:19 / 101
1158:18 / 101
1113:19 / 101
623:and the
379:Estonian
284:38 / 101
185:Estonian
176:Ideology
5844:Sudan:
5810:Egypt:
5747:Recrear
5630:ADF-RDA
5532:Japan:
5356:(LYMEC)
5227:Pat Cox
5050:EPU/ĐĐĐŁ
5038:glp/pvl
5033:FDP/PLR
4980:LDP/ĐĐĐ
4863:PFP/ĐĐĄĐ
4851:MĂŒsavat
4834:ANC/ŐÔ±Ôż
4564:RKP/SFP
4559:Kesk./C
4481:IDS/DDI
4459:DPS/ĐĐĐĄ
4405:Parties
4256:CCW/CUF
4220:Spain:
4179:Yabloko
4155:Venstre
4071:Gerakan
4017:Kenya:
4006:Italy:
3888:Egypt:
3884:Venstre
3799:Burma:
3794:ADF-RDA
3530:EAJ-PNV
3332:RKP/SFP
3327:Kesk./C
3269:IDS/DDI
3257:DPS/ĐĐĐĄ
3127:website
2945:4 March
2920:4 March
2895:18 July
1671:13 July
1623:In the
1612:In the
1583:66,017
1545:87,158
1517:79,849
1484:79,849
1451:28,377
1181:87,551
1150:77,088
1105:87,531
1075:Leader
1052:is the
1005:updated
969:results
936:updated
859:liberal
853:of the
820:updated
773:In the
699:In the
688:In the
685:(SDE).
675:cabinet
602:Tallinn
560:At the
451:History
387:liberal
385:) is a
333:Website
244:Colours
130:9 10119
124:Tallinn
91: (
83:Founded
73:Founder
5934:Isamaa
5773:Peru:
5636:ANADER
5431:HNS-LD
4491:Centar
4076:Mali:
4033:LPP/LC
3864:Cuba:
3833:ANADER
3801:NLD-LA
3477:PL2050
3086:
3065:
3044:
3023:
3002:
2770:
2659:
2632:
2603:
2576:
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2483:
2390:
2369:
2348:
1852:
1776:
1733:
1701:
1430:Seats
1424:Votes
1123:(1995)
1084:Seats
1078:Votes
869:, and
843:centre
768:Isamaa
491:, and
340:reform
267:Slogan
257:
253:Yellow
251:
161:(2024)
5648:UDENA
5523:PDI-P
5445:SzDSz
5192:]
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5055:CP/ĐĐ
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4887:RP/á á
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3349:MoDem
1774:S2CID
1591:1 / 7
1553:2 / 7
1525:2 / 6
1492:1 / 6
1459:1 / 6
912:2009.
849:, or
766:with
312:1 / 7
170:9,669
5716:UNDP
5553:NCUB
5541:PGRM
5435:HSLS
5425:NSDV
5335:see
5302:see
5257:see
5092:Libs
4968:LPCG
4688:LRLS
4671:Par!
4486:Glas
4476:HSLS
4430:NEOS
4285:UNDP
4275:APNI
4161:PLRA
4125:PPDD
4105:LSCG
3959:UFDG
3894:Ghad
3860:HSLS
3788:NDSV
3436:LRLS
3228:NEOS
3084:ISBN
3063:ISBN
3042:ISBN
3021:ISBN
3000:ISBN
2947:2021
2922:2021
2897:2022
2875:2011
2853:2011
2768:ISBN
2745:2022
2717:2021
2691:2022
2657:ISBN
2630:ISBN
2601:ISBN
2574:OCLC
2564:ISBN
2537:ISBN
2508:ISBN
2481:ISBN
2454:2021
2434:2021
2414:2021
2388:ISBN
2367:ISBN
2346:ISBN
2320:2021
2291:2021
2183:2023
2129:2021
2103:2018
2075:2017
2053:2017
2031:2017
2009:2016
1987:2016
1929:2021
1850:ISBN
1803:2021
1731:ISBN
1699:ISBN
1673:2024
1574:2024
1541:2019
1508:2014
1475:2009
1468:ALDE
1464:New
1442:2004
1433:+/â
1369:2023
1322:2019
1275:2015
1244:2011
1208:2007
1177:2003
1146:1999
1118:New
1096:1995
1087:+/â
877:and
694:MEPs
611:and
590:NATO
588:and
514:and
443:and
373:The
259:Blue
5846:LDP
5826:NLP
5820:GTP
5816:FEP
5812:DFP
5806:NAC
5757:PML
5751:PPG
5710:PSL
5704:UDP
5700:CUF
5688:SNP
5682:PDS
5676:PDD
5660:UDF
5654:MFM
5642:RDR
5624:PLD
5584:DPP
5572:SDP
5559:LFP
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5534:DPJ
5527:PKB
5510:PSR
5479:LDS
5467:PNL
5461:LDP
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5451:PLK
5439:IDS
5421:DPS
5415:LDS
5021:PSG
4957:CUB
4941:PDK
4936:AKR
4822:PLA
4777:C's
4753:USR
4717:VVD
4712:D66
4649:LDE
4593:FDP
4581:UDI
4471:HNS
4250:DPP
4222:CDC
4210:LDS
4204:ANO
4197:SNP
4191:LDP
4185:PDS
4173:PNL
4149:LDP
4142:PLI
4136:VVD
4132:D66
4113:*,
4111:AdL
4099:IZN
4092:PRL
4078:PCR
4065:UDF
4058:MFM
4046:LCU
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4008:Rad
3982:FSF
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3970:PLH
3963:UFR
3961:*,
3951:*,
3937:FDP
3930:RPG
3924:SFP
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3890:FEP
3874:ULC
3870:PSD
3866:PLC
3854:RDR
3848:PML
3841:URC
3839:*,
3837:ARC
3814:PSR
3808:ADR
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3489:USR
3465:VVD
3460:D66
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3366:FDP
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1764:doi
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909:VAT
342:.ee
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