Eros and Civilization

1300:, and wrote that between them the books provided "one of the most influential blueprints for radical thinking in the decade which followed." Stirk argued that Marcuse's views were a utopian theory with widespread appeal, but that examination of Marcuse's interpretations of Kant, Schiller, and Freud showed that they were based on a flawed methodology. He also maintained that Marcuse's misinterpretation of Freud's concept of reason undermined Marcuse's argument, which privileged a confused concept of instinct over an ambiguous sense of reason. Weineck credited Marcuse with anticipating later reactions to Freud in the 1960s, which maintained in opposition to Freud that the "sacrifice of libido" is not necessary for civilized progress, though she considered Marcuse's views more nuanced than such later ideas. She endorsed Marcuse's criticisms of Fromm and Horney, but maintained that Marcuse underestimated the force of Freud's pessimism and neglected Freud's 949:, and agreed with Marcuse that Freudian revisionism is "reformist or non-revolutionary". However, he wrote that Freud would have been surprised at the way Marcuse read revolutionary implications into his theories. He noted that Marcuse's way of overcoming the dilemma that "a full satisfaction of man’s instinctual needs is incompatible with the existence of civilized society" was Marxist, despite the fact that Marcuse nowhere mentioned Marx and referred to capitalism only indirectly, as "industrial civilization". He argued that Marcuse tried to develop ideas that were already present in "the far less ambiguous language of Marxian theory", but still welcomed the fact that Marcuse made psychoanalysis and dialectical materialism reach the same desired result. However, he concluded that Marcuse's "call to opposition to present-day conditions remains a mere philosophical exercise without applicability to social actions." 1118:(1966), that the form of psychoanalytic theory Marcuse endorsed undermines his social analysis, and that in his distinction between surplus and basic repression, Marcuse did not evaluate what the full effects of the latter might be in a society without domination. She praised parts of the work, such as his chapter on "The Transformation of Sexuality into Eros", but maintained that in some ways it conflicted with Marcuse's Marxism. She criticized Marcuse's account of repression, noting that he used the term in a "metaphoric" fashion that eliminated the distinction between the conscious and the unconscious, and argued that his "conception of instinctual malleability" conflicted with his proposal for a "new reality principle" based on the drives and made his critique of Fromm and neo-Freudianism disingenuous, and that Marcuse "simply asserted a correspondence between society and personality organization". 1028:

civilization" and demonstrating that "true freedom is not possible in reality today", being reserved for "fantasies, dreams, and the experiences of art." However, he suggested that Marcuse might be "mistaken in the narrowness of his concept of basic, or primary, repression". Nyberg described the book as "brilliant", "moving", and "extraordinary", concluding that it was, "perhaps the most important work on psychoanalytic theory to have appeared in a very long time." Jones praised Marcuse's interpretation of psychoanalysis; he also maintained that Marcuse, despite not being a psychoanalyst, had understood psychoanalytic theory and shown how it could be improved upon. However, he believed Marcuse left some questions unresolved.

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suggesting what changes in cultural attitudes would result from relaxation of the repressive outlook. Young called the book important and honest, as well as "serious, highly sophisticated and elegant". He wrote that Marcuse's conclusions about "surplus repression" converted Freud into an "eroticised Marx", and credited Marcuse with convincingly criticizing the neo-Freudians Fromm, Horney, and Sullivan. Though maintaining that both they and Marcuse confused "ideology with reality" and minimized "the biological sphere", he welcomed Marcuse's view that "the distinction between psychological and political categories has been made obsolete by the condition of man in the present era." Sontag wrote that together with Brown's

1322:, in order to explore the social and psychological mechanisms behind the "sex/gender system" and to open "new avenues of analysis and liberatory praxis based on these authors' applications of Marxist insights to cultural interpretations" of Freud's writings. Hammer argued that Marcuse was "incapable of offering an account of the empirical dynamics that may lead to the social change he envisions, and that his appeal to the benefits of automatism is blind to its negative effects" and that his "vision of the good life as centered on libidinal self-realization" threatens the freedom of individuals and would "potentially undermine their sense of self-integrity." Hammer maintained that, unlike the philosopher 673: 1535:, writing that these works jointly placed Freud at the center of moral and philosophical inquiry. However, he argued that while Marcuse recognized the difficulties of explaining how sublimation could be compatible with a new and non-repressive social order, he presented a confused account of a "sublimation without desexualization" that could make this possible. He described some of Marcuse's speculations as bizarre, and suggested that Marcuse's "vision of Eros" is "imbalanced in the direction of the sublime" and that the "essential conservatism" of his stance on sexuality had gone unnoticed. 151: 1032:

refer to "suppression, sublimation, repression proper, and restraint". He also questioned the accuracy of Marcuse's understanding of Freud, arguing that he was actually presenting "analyses and conclusions already worked out and accepted by Freud". He also questioned whether his concept of "sensuous rationality" was original, and criticized him for failing to provide sufficient discussion of the Oedipus complex. He concluded that he put forward an inadequate "one-dimensional, instinctual view of man" and that his proposed non-repressive society was a "fantasy-Utopia".

1627:(1929), but accused Marcuse of wrongly believing that polymorphous perversity would help to create a utopia and that sex has the potential to be a politically subversive force. He considered Marcuse's argument that capitalism has the ability to neutralize the subversive potential of "forces such as sex and art" interesting, though clearly true only in the case of art. He argued that while Marcuse believed that American popular culture had trivialized sexual love, sex had not had a subversive effect in societies not dominated by American popular culture. The historian 685: 538: 1048:(1964) because it "addressed the core issue: How should we live?" However, Celarent wrote that Marcuse's decision to analyze the issue of what should be done with society's resources with reference to Freud's writings "perhaps curtailed the lifetime of his book, for Freud dropped quickly from the American intellectual scene after the 1970s, just as Marcuse reached his reputational peak." Celarent identified Marx's 1356:, Marcuse's work influenced several academic disciplines in the United States and in other countries. Privitello argued that the chapter on "The Aesthetic Dimension" had pedagogical value. However, he criticized Marcuse for relying on an outdated 19th-century translation of Schiller. Nicholas endorsed Marcuse's "analysis of technological rationality, aesthetic reason, phantasy, and imagination." 1396:, but suggested that it was less elegantly written. He concluded that while Marcuse's work is psychologically less radical than that of Brown, it is politically bolder, and unlike Brown's, succeeded in transforming psychoanalytic theory into historical and political categories. He deemed Marcuse a finer theorist than Brown, believing that he provided a more substantial treatment of Freud. 1054:(1867–1883) as a source of Marcuse's views on production and labor markets, and described his "combination of Marx and Freud" as "very clever". Celarent credited Marcuse with using psychoanalysis to transform Marx's concept of alienation into "a more subtle psychological construct", the "performance principle". In Celarent's view, it anticipated arguments later made by the philosopher 1404:

was unrepressed would behave, and uncritically accepted Freudian views of sexuality and failed to conduct his own research into the topic. He criticized him for his dismissive treatment of rival theories, such as those of Reich. He also suggested that Marcuse's goal of reconciling Freudian with Marxist theories might be impossible, and, comparing his views to those of the philosopher

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essential feature of the human condition." He considered the book "thrilling to read" because of Marcuse's conjectures about "how the formation of a life without material restraints might somehow be made meaningful." He argued that Marcuse's view that technology could be used to create a utopia was not consistent with his rejection of "technocratic bureaucracy" in his subsequent work

526: 1352:, it fits his argument that perverse sex can be "revelatory or demystifying, because it returns experience to the physical body". Duvenage described the book as "fascinating", but wrote that Marcuse's suggestions for a repression-free society have been criticized by the philosopher Marinus Schoeman. Farr, Kellner, Lamas, and Reitz wrote that partly because of the impact of 1597:

all existing regimes as "repressive societies" and contrasting them with a hypothetical future non-repressive society. Kovel noted that Marcuse studied with Heidegger but later broke with him for political reasons and suggested that the Heideggerian aspects of Marcuse's thinking, which had been in eclipse during Marcuse's most active period with the Frankfurt

27: 1058:, but with "a far more plausible historical mechanism" than Foucault's "nebulous" concept of discourse. However, Celarent considered Marcuse's chapter giving "proper Freudian reasons for the historicity of the reality principle" to be of historical interest only, and wrote that Marcuse proposed a "shadowy utopia". Celarent suggested that 1705:, one of the most notable examples of an effort to "use psychoanalytic ideas for culturally subversive and emancipatory purposes". However, she believed that Marcuse's influence on historians contributed to the acceptance of the mistaken idea that Horney was responsible for the "desexualization of psychoanalysis." The critic 1135:

needs, and argued that "its regressive potential may be transformed into the ground of mature autonomy, which recognizes the rights and needs of others." He agreed with Marcuse that "in spite of the reified power of the reality principle, humanity aims at a utopia in which its most fundamental needs would be fulfilled."

1130:. He credited Marcuse with showing that narcissism is a "potentially emancipatory force", but argued that while Marcuse anticipated some subsequent developments in the theory of narcissism, they nevertheless made it necessary to reevaluate Marcuse's views. He maintained that Marcuse misinterpreted Freud's views on 1670:(1960). He questioned to what extent Marcuse's readers understood his work, suggesting that many student activists might have shared the view of Morris Dickstein, to whom it work meant, "not some ontological breakthrough for human nature, but probably just plain fucking, lots of it". Anthony Elliott identified 1588:

as "perverse, wild, phantasmal and surrealistic" and "strangely Hegelian and anti-Hegelian, Marxist and anti-Marxist, Nietzschean and anti-Nietzschean", and praised Marcuse's discussion of the theme of "negativity". Edward Hyman suggested that Marcuse's failure to state clearly that his hypothesis is

1403:

criticized Marcuse for focusing on Freud's metapsychology rather than on psychoanalysis as a method of therapy. He believed that Marcuse followed speculations that were difficult to either support or refute, that his discussion of sex was pompous, that he failed to explain how people whose sexuality

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Jay described the book as one of Marcuse's major works, and his "most utopian" book. He maintained that it completed Marcuse's "theory of remembrance", according to which "memory subverts one-dimensional consciousness and opens up the possibility of an alternative future", and helped Marcuse advance

1031:

Fingarette considered Marcuse the first to develop the idea of a utopian society free from sexual repression into a systematic philosophy. However, he noted that he used the term "repression" in a fashion that drastically changed its meaning compared to "strict psychoanalytic usage", employing it to

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as "one of the most influential Freudian works written since Freud's death". However, he argued that Marcuse failed to reinterpret Freud in a way that adds political to psychoanalytic insights or remedy Freud's "failure to differentiate among various kinds of civil society", instead simply grouping

1420:

followed Robinson in criticizing Marcuse for failing to clarify "whether sexual repression causes economic subordination or vice versa" or to "connect his use of Freud's image of the primal crime with his ideas about the repression of nongenital and homosexual drives". Though influenced by Marcuse,

1134:

and noted that aspects of Marcuse's "erotic utopia" seem regressive or infantile, as they involved instinctual gratification for its own sake. Though agreeing with Chodorow that this aspect of Marcuse's work is related to his "embrace of narcissism", he denied that narcissism serves only regressive

1095:

no longer able to rely on revolutionary proletariat. However, he criticized Marcuse's theory for its "undefined identification of individual and collective memory", writing that Marcuse failed to explain how the individual was in "archaic identity with the species". He suggested that there might be

1107:

Chodorow considered the work of Marcuse and Brown important and maintained that it helped suggest a better psychoanalytic social theory. However, she questioned their interpretations of Freud, argued that they see social relations as an unnecessary form of constraint and fail to explain how social

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Edel credited Marcuse with distinguishing between what portion of the burden repressive civilization places on the fundamental drives is made necessary by survival needs and what serves the interests of domination and is now unnecessary because of the advanced science of the modern world, and with

719:

expresses the optimistic view that the achievements of modern industrial society would make it possible to use society's resources to shape "man's world in accordance with the Life Instincts, in the concerted struggle against the purveyors of Death." He concludes the preface with the words, "Today

1125:

as his most important work, but observed that Marcuse's views have been criticized for being both too similar and too different to those of Freud. He wrote that recent scholarship broadly agreed with Marcuse that social changes since Freud's era have changed the character of psychopathology, for

1415:

Phil Brown criticized Marcuse's attempt to "synthesize Marx and Freud", arguing that such a synthesis is impossible. He maintained that Marcuse neglected politics, disregarded the class struggle, advocated "sublimation of human spontaneity and creativity", and failed to criticize the underlying

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his most important book, and wrote that it "merits consideration as his best, neither obviously dated nor vexingly inaccessible" and that it "was honorable of Marcuse to try to imagine how the fullest expression of personality, or plenitude, might extinguish the misery that was long deemed an

1550:

as an influence on student protest movements of the 1960s, apparent in their use of the slogan, "Make love not war". Victor J. Seidler credited Marcuse with showing that the repressive organizations of the instincts described by Freud are not inherent in their nature but emerge from specific

1449:

argued that Marcuse's proposed liberation of instinct was not a real challenge to the status quo, since, by taking the position that such a liberation could only be attempted "after culture has done its work and created the mankind and the world that could be free", Marcuse was accommodating

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One of Marcuse's best known works, the book brought him international fame. Both Marcuse and many commentators have considered it his most important book, and it was seen by some as an improvement over the previous attempt to synthesize Marxist and psychoanalytic theory by the psychoanalyst

1027:

Grotjahn described the book as a "sincere and serious" philosophical critique of psychoanalysis, adding that it was both well-written and fascinating. He credited Marcuse with developing "logically and psychologically the instinctual dynamic trends leading to the utopia of a nonrepressive

1108:

bonds and political activity are possible, criticized their view of "women, gender relations, and generation", and maintained that their use of primary narcissism as a model for union with others involves too much concern with individual gratification. She argued that

1579:

to be among the most important advances towards a psychoanalytic theory of art and culture. However, he considered the way these works turn the internal psychological process of repression into a model for social existence as a whole to be disputable. The philosopher

1326:, Marcuse failed to "take temporality and transience properly into account" and had "no genuine appreciation of the need for mourning." He also argued that "political action requires a stronger ego-formation" than allowed for by Marcuse's views. Evans identified 1347:

as a figure connected with music, memory, play, and desire. She added that while Marcuse did not "appeal to mind-altering drugs as adjuncts to phantasy", many of his readers were "happy to infer a recommendation." She argued that while Marcuse does not mention

1317:

on Marcuse has received insufficient attention, essential aspects of Marcuse's theory can be "better understood and appreciated when their Whiteheadian origins are examined." Holland discussed Marcuse's ideas in relation to those of the cultural anthropologist

1039:

and Marcuse's "inspiring" sense of dedication. He noted that the book could be criticized for Marcuse's failure to answer certain questions and for some "omissions and obscurities", but considered these points to be "of minor importance." Celarent considered

1780:, and "influenced radical gay groups such as the Gay Liberation Front's Red Butterfly Collective", which adopted as its motto the final line from the "Political Preface" of the 1966 edition of the book: "Today the fight for life, the fight for Eros, is the 1425:

was referred to surprisingly rarely in gay liberation literature. In an afterword to the 1993 edition of the book, he added that Marcuse's "radical Freudianism" was "now largely forgotten" and had never been "particularly popular in the gay movement."

1474:. She concluded that all the esoteric Fruedian theory and endorsements of libertine sexual behavior were ultimately meant only to colorfully illustrate what Marcuse had previously written about concerning the alienating force of the Power Principle. 1466:

as an important example of the intellectual influence of psychoanalysis and an "interesting precursor" to a study of psychology of the "internalization of oppression". However, he believed that aspects of the work have limited its audience.

911:(1964) as Marcuse's most influential books, and wrote that Marcuse's views parallel those of Norman O. Brown, despite the difference of tone between the two thinkers. He dismissed the ideas of both Marcuse and Brown as false and harmful. 1100:, or to rigorously investigate the differences between personal memory of an actual event in a person's life and collective historical memory of events antedating all living persons. Jay suggested that the views of the philosopher 744:) is preventing us from reaching a non-repressive society "based on a fundamentally different experience of being, a fundamentally different relation between man and nature, and fundamentally different existential relations". 1784:

fight." Escoffier noted, however, that Marcuse later had misgivings about sexual liberation as it developed in the United States, and that Marcuse's influence on the gay movement declined as it embraced identity politics.

664:, but critics have accused him of being utopian in his objectives and of misinterpreting Freud's theories. Critics have also suggested that his objective of synthesizing Marxist and psychoanalytic theory is impossible. 1749:. He pointed to Altman as an activist who had been inspired by the book, which inspired him to argue that the challenge to "conventional norms" represented by gay people made them revolutionary. Rainer Funk wrote in 1096:

an affinity between Marcuse's views and Jung's, despite Marcuse's contempt for Jung. He criticized Marcuse for his failure to undertake experiments in personal recollection such as those performed by the philosopher

1508:

The philosopher Jeffrey Abramson credited Marcuse with revealing the "bleakness of social life" to him and forcing him to wonder why progress does "so little to end human misery and destructiveness". He compared

1616:

contains "political and economic absurdities" but also interesting observations about sex and art. He credited Marcuse with providing a critique of conventional sexual morality superior to the philosopher

1380:. Paul Robinson credited Marcuse and Brown with systematically analyzing psychoanalytic theory in order to reveal its critical implications. He believed they went beyond Reich and the anthropologist 1761:

as an incompetent distortion of Freud and "the expression of an alienation and despair masquerading as radicalism" and referred to Marcuse's "ideas for the future man" as irrational and sickening.

1505:(1985). Though granting that Marcuse proposed a "powerful image of a transformed sexuality" that had a major influence on post-1960s sexual politics, he considered Marcuse's vision "utopian". 3718:

Confronting the Constitution: The Challenge to Locke, Montesquieu, Jefferson, and the Federalists from Utilitarianism, Historicism, Marxism, Freudianism, Pragmatism, Existentialism..

1388:(1955), of lesser value. He saw Brown's exploration of the radical implications of psychoanalysis as in some ways more rigorous and systematic than that of Marcuse. He noted that 5101: 1635:

as the book with which Marcuse achieved international fame, a key work in the intellectual legacy of the 1950s, and an influence on the subcultures of the 1960s. The historian

3321:

Hencken, Joel D. (1982). "Homosexuality and Psychoanalysis: Toward a Mutual Understanding". In Paul, William; Weinrich, James D.; Gonsiorek, John C.; Hotvedt, Mary E. (eds.).

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in probing the dialectical subtleties of Freud's thought, thereby reaching conclusions more extreme and utopian than theirs. He found Lionel Trilling's work on Freud,

1592:

Kenneth Lewes endorsed Marcuse's criticism of the "pseudohumane moralizing" of neo-Freudians such as Fromm, Horney, Sullivan, and Thompson. Joel Schwartz identified

238: 1542:

criticized Marcuse and Brown, describing their proposals for sexual liberation as "another expression of the alienation" they condemned. The anthropologist

1104:

might be superior to Marcuse's, since they did more to account for "the new in history" and more carefully avoided equating recollection with repetition.

568: 222: 5133: 3390:

Hyman, Edward (1988). "Eros and Freedom: The Critical Psychology of Herbert Marcuse". In Pippin, Robert; Feenberg, Andrew; Webel, Charles P. (eds.).

889: 5307: 3566:

Murphy, Timothy F. (1985). "Freud Reconsidered: Bisexuality, Homosexuality, and Moral Judgement". In DeCecco, John P.; Shively, Michael G. (eds.).

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represented a "new seriousness about Freudian ideas" and exposed most previous writing on Freud in the United States as irrelevant or superficial.

4312:

Grotjahn, Martin (1956). "Eros and Civilization. A Philosophical Inquiry Into Freud: By Herbert Marcuse. Boston: The Beacon Press, 1955. 277 pp".

1313:, writing that the similarities between them were less well known than the differences. Moore wrote that while the influence of the philosopher 4366:

Hite, Molly (2010). ""Fun Actually Was Becoming Quite Subversive": Herbert Marcuse, the Yippies, and the Value System of Gravity's Rainbow".

728:, the founder of psychoanalysis, that "civilization is based on the permanent subjugation of the human instincts". He discusses the social 1693:"comes closer to presenting a positive conception of reason and Enlightenment than any other work of the Frankfurt School." The historian 4752: 1149: 5108: 3616:

Porter, Roy (1996). "Is Foucault Useful For Understanding Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Sexuality?". In Keddie, Nikki R. (ed.).

3303: 1639:

argued that Marcuse's view that "industrialization demanded erotic austerity" was not original, and was discredited by Foucault in

1284:(1975) as a reworking of Marcuse's criticism of neo-Freudianism. Murphy criticized Marcuse for failing to examine Freud's idea of 1018:

and later a mixed review from an author using the pen-name "Barbara Celarent". The book was also discussed by Margaret Cerullo in

3076:

Bernstein, Richard J. (1988). "Negativity: Theme and Variations". In Pippin, Robert; Feenberg, Andrew; Webel, Charles P. (eds.).

1589:

the "primacy of Eros" undermined his arguments and that Marcuse gave an insufficiently through consideration of metapsychology.

1062:

had commonly been misinterpreted, and that Marcuse was not concerned with advocating "free love and esoteric sexual positions."

1050: 561: 4802:

Stakemeier, Kerstin (2006). "Eros im Fordismus Zur Ästhetisierung der Politik in den Fünfziger Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts".

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as the first book, following the work of Reich, to "reopen the possibility of the abolition of repression". The philosopher

1261:, Andrew T. Lamas, and Charles Reitz, and additional discussions from Stefan Bird-Pollan and Lucio Angelo Privitello. The 5297: 5287: 5163: 359: 1776:, writing that it "played an influential role in the writing of early proponents of gay liberation", such as Altman and 1571:

and that Marcuse views the sources of disobedience and revolt as being rooted in collective memory. Stephen Frosh found

5302: 1739:. He suggested that Marcuse found the gay liberation movement insignificant, and criticized Marcuse for ignoring it in 1470:

Myriam Malinovich considered Marcuse's earlier Young Hegelian writings more representative of his actual thinking than

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Mattick credited Marcuse with renewing "the endeavor to read Marx into Freud", following the unsuccessful attempts of

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also reproduced a document from Marcuse, responding to criticism from the Marxist scholar Sidney Lipshires. In 2017,

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Farr, Arnold L.; Kellner, Douglas; Lamas, Andrew T.; Reitz, Charles (2013). "Herbert Marcuse's Critical Refusals".

1209: 604: 602:

to be a source of disobedience and revolt and point the way to an alternative future. Its title alludes to Freud's

1495:(1968). However, he suggested that Ricœur and Habermas made better use of several Freudian ideas. The sociologist 5312: 5282: 1523: 5067:, with links to full texts of preface, 1966 preface, introduction, chapter 1, epilog, and index (at marcuse.org) 5259: 4608: 4536: 4208: 4088:

Chodorow, Nancy Julia (1985). "Beyond Drive Theory: Object Relations and the Limits of Radical Individualism".

3035: 1219: 1193: 836: 173: 4998: 4821: 3993: 3862:

Alford, C. Fred (1993). "Reconciliation with Nature? The Frankfurt School, Postmodernism and Melanie Klein".

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Walsh, Sean Noah (2008). "The subversion of Eros: Dialectic, revolt, and murder in the polity of the soul".

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Nicholsen, Shierry Weber (2006). "The Accumulated Guilt of Humankind: On the Aesthetic in a Damaged World".

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Holland, Nancy J. (2011). "Looking Backwards: A Feminist Revisits Herbert Marcuse's Eros and Civilization".

696: 5203: 5183: 4314: 3864: 1741: 1161: 982: 374: 5292: 4959: 4589: 1735: 1496: 1251:, the book was discussed by Shierry Weber Nicholsen and Kerstin Stakemeier. In 2013, it was discussed in 938: 676:

Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis. Marcuse reinterprets Freud's theories about the instincts.

4695: 3621: 3349: 3104: 988: 821: 166: 4264:"Sobre o uso do conceito de sublimação e suas derivações, a partir da perspectiva estética marcuseana" 5240: 5036: 4710: 4647: 4547: 4299: 4241: 3945: 3234: 3127: 1253: 1004: 442: 417: 134: 5233: 5094: 3698: 3648: 1641: 1155: 1131: 850: 737: 5317: 5213: 5076: 3548: 3211: 590:, in which the author proposes a non-repressive society, attempts a synthesis of the theories of 495: 447: 5193: 4779: 4457:

Jay, Martin (1982). "Anamnestic totalization: Reflections on Marcuse's theory of remembrance".

3544:

The Sixties: Cultural Revolution in Britain, France, Italy, and the United States c.1958-c.1974

1314: 4918:

Weineck, Silke-Maria (2000). "Sex and history, or Is there an erotic utopia in Dantons Tod?".

2451: 672: 5143: 4881: 4645:

Nicholas, Jeffrey L. (2017). "Refusing Polemics: Retrieving Marcuse for Maclntyrean Praxis".

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Malinovich, Myriam Miedzian. "On Herbert Marcuse and the Concept of Psychological Freedom".

150: 5081: 5064: 4920: 3491: 3418: 1581: 1339: 1177: 933: 772: 644:(1965), placed Freud at the center of moral and philosophical inquiry. Some have evaluated 640: 1292:

despite the fact that Klein published a seminal paper two years before the publication of

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Seidler, Victor J. (1987). "Reason, desire, and male sexuality". In Caplan, Pat (ed.).

3691: 3641: 3568: 3257: 3005: 1730: 1400: 999: 759:, whose psychology he describes as an "obscurantist neo-mythology". He also criticizes 752: 630: 379: 349: 319: 4858:

Tuttle, H. N. (1988). "Hegel's ontology and the theory of historicity (Book Review)".

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was "one of the centerpieces of the Frankfurt School", she found the book inferior to

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Schwartz, Joel (1990). "Freud and the American Constitution". In Bloom, Allan (ed.).

3702: 3675: 3652: 3625: 3602: 3579: 3552: 3542: 3527: 3495: 3472: 3447: 3437: 3422: 3399: 3376: 3353: 3330: 3326: 3307: 3284: 3261: 3238: 3215: 3190: 3163: 3131: 3108: 3085: 3062: 3039: 3016: 1816: 1765: 1754: 1666: 1323: 1235: 928: 864: 599: 530: 505: 369: 334: 329: 259: 117: 4996:

Wolff, Kurt H. (1956). "Eros and Civilization: A Philosophical Inquiry into Freud".

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The Politics of Psychoanalysis: An Introduction to Freudian and Post-Freudian Theory

1288:. Alford criticized the Frankfurt School for ignoring the work of the psychoanalyst 5007: 4968: 4929: 4890: 4830: 4788: 4719: 4656: 4617: 4556: 4468: 4408: 4377: 4338: 4275: 4217: 4140: 4099: 4066: 4033: 4002: 3954: 3873: 1618: 1405: 1381: 1230: 657: 586:(1955; second edition, 1966) is a book by the German philosopher and social critic 490: 452: 427: 384: 324: 142: 5070: 4731:

Rayman, Joshua (2005). "Marcuse's Metaphysics: The Turn from Heidegger to Freud".

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Howell, R. J. (1990). "Melanie Klein and critical social theory (Book Review)".

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society's institutions. He accused Marcuse of sentimentalism. The psychoanalyst

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Alford, writing in 1987, noted that Marcuse, like many of his critics, regarded

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Wolff considered the book a great work. He praised the "magnificent" scope of

893:(1932). Howell wrote that the book had been improved upon by C. Fred Alford's 715:

In the "Political Preface" that opens the work, Marcuse writes that the title

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Bertman, M. A. (1998). "Collected papers of Herbert Marcuse (Book Review)".

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was neglected by radicals because its publication coincided with that of

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Beard, Michael (1998). "Apocalypse and/or Metamorphosis (Book Review)".

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could not be properly understood without reading Marcuse's earlier work

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of our instincts. He argues that "advanced industrial society" (modern

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historical conditions. He contrasted Marcuse's views with Foucault's.

1257:. It received a joint discussion from Arnold L. Farr, the philosopher 3812: 3809:

Sexuality and Its Discontents: Meanings, Myths and Modern Sexualities

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was exciting and helped make Marcuse influential. Kimball identified

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Alford, C. Fred (1987). "Eros and Civilization after thirty years".

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Liberation and Its Limits: The Moral and Political Thought of Freud

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shows some of the same features that Marcuse criticized in Brown's

660:. Marcuse has been credited with offering a convincing critique of 5086: 3231:

Tales from the Freudian Crypt: The Death Drive in Text and Context

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Bohman, James (2017). "Marcuse, Herbert". In Audi, Robert (ed.).

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by H. N. Tuttle, R. J. Howell, and M. A. Bertman. The art critic

4327:

Hammer, Espen (2008). "Marcuse's critical theory of modernity".

4055:"Thanatos and Civilization: Lacan, Marcuse, and the Death Drive" 3439:

History and Spirit: An Inquiry into the Philosophy of Liberation

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movement, and with other books on Freud, such as the classicist

3207:

Out of My System: Psychoanalysis, Ideology, and Critical Method

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movement Marcuse had retreated to a "pre-Marxist" perspective.

1343:(1973), finding this apparent in Pynchon's characterization of 1143:

Other discussions of the work include those by the philosopher

4819:

Stirk, Peter M. R. (1999). "Eros and civilization revisited".

4587:

Moldenhauer, Jearld (1972). "Marcuse and the Gay Revolution".

2525: 2523: 2345: 2343: 2171: 2169: 2042: 2040: 1745:(1972), even though many gay activists had been influenced by 2583: 2493: 2481: 2439: 2276: 2274: 2112: 2082: 620:

helped shape the subcultures of the 1960s and influenced the

4496:

Jones, Richard M. (1958). "The Return of the Un-Repressed".

3464:

The Age of Desire: Case Histories of a Radical Psychoanalyst

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more reductively political and less stimulating. The critic

1296:. Beard described the book as an "apocalyptic companion" to 4693:

Nyberg, Paul (1956). "A Philosophical Inquiry into Freud".

4511:

Kimball, Roger (1997). "The marriage of Marx & Freud".

4185:

Escoffier, Jeffrey (2015). "Marcuse, Herbert (1898-1979)".

3976:

Marcuse & Administration -- Research Starters Sociology

3323:

Homosexuality: Social, Psychological, and Biological Issues

3124:

Life Against Death: The Psychoanalytical Meaning of History

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Cho compared Marcuse's views to those of the psychoanalyst

1014:, the book received a positive review from the sociologist 608:(1930). The 1966 edition has an added "political preface". 3177:

Caplan, Pat (1987). "Introduction". In Caplan, Pat (ed.).

3158:

Cantor, Jay (2009). "Introduction". In Neu, Jerome (ed.).

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assumptions of Freudian thinking. The gay rights activist

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Eros and Civilization: A Philosophical Inquiry into Freud

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Shearmur, Jeremy (1983). "Social Amnesia (Book Review)".

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Eros and Civilization: A Philosophical Inquiry into Freud

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Eros and Civilization: A Philosophical Inquiry into Freud

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Cold War Freud: Psychoanalysis in an Age of Catastrophes

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Marcuse, Herbert (2013). "From Marx to Freud to Marx".

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Casteel, P. D. (2017). "Marcuse & Administration".

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Privitello, Lucio Angelo (2013). "Teaching Marcuse".

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Bird-Pollan, Stefan (2013). "Critiques of Judgment".

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The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, Third Edition

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Benhabib, Seyla (1987). "Translator's Introduction".

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as an influence on 1960s activists and young people.

747:

Marcuse also discusses the views of the philosophers

2818: 2794: 2631: 2607: 2298: 2241: 1895: 1893: 1878: 3991:Celarent, Barbara (2010). "Eros and Civilization". 2950: 2619: 2535: 2256: 2151: 2007: 830:. The book was also reviewed by the anthropologist 794:. In 1974, it was published as a Beacon Paperback. 4957:Whitfield, Stephen J. (2014). "Refusing Marcuse". 4022:Cerullo, Margaret (1979). "Marcuse and Feminism". 3762: 3690: 3640: 3567: 3392:Marcuse: Critical Theory and the Promise of Utopia 3178: 3078:Marcuse: Critical Theory and the Promise of Utopia 3004: 1753:(2000) that Fromm, in a letter to the philosopher 1554: 961:. He also suggested that it was the work that led 1890: 1567:continues the interest in historicity present in 976:received positive reviews from the psychoanalyst 5274: 4534:Kluckhohn, Clyde (1955). "A Critique on Freud". 4261: 3668:Freud and Philosophy: An Essay on Interpretation 2406: 1462:. The psychotherapist Joel D. Hencken described 1408:, argued that by returning to the themes of the 1372:compared his philosophical approach to Freud in 1138: 922:received a mixed review from the Marxist writer 4606:Moore, Duston (2007). "Whitehead and Marcuse". 4297:Fingarette, Herbert (1957). "Eros and Utopia". 4162:Edel, Abraham (1956). "Instead of Repression". 3924:Edebiyat: Journal of Middle Eastern Literatures 3488:The Psychoanalytic Theory of Male Homosexuality 3160:The Challenge of Islam: The Prophetic Tradition 1359: 1167:Edebiyat: Journal of Middle Eastern Literatures 1079:include those by the philosopher and historian 968: 810:received positive reviews from the philosopher 720:the fight for life, the fight for Eros, is the 5134:Hegel's Ontology and the Theory of Historicity 3055:Hegel's Ontology and the Theory of Historicity 2655: 1569:Hegel's Ontology and the Theory of Historicity 890:Hegel's Ontology and the Theory of Historicity 5102: 2670:(1). Johns Hopkins University Press: 158–180. 1721:as "overschematic yet blobby and imprecise". 998:, and a negative review from the philosopher 562: 5071:Citations of numerous reviews in 6 languages 3740:Sexual Desire: A Philosophical Investigation 1333:Hite identified the book as an influence on 5019:Young, Robert M. (1969). "The Naked Marx". 4586: 4262:Fernandes, Franco; Augusto, Sérgio (2016). 3942: 2944: 2487: 1153:, the philosopher Timothy F. Murphy in the 5109: 5095: 4801: 4707: 4296: 2502: 2445: 2091: 569: 555: 25: 4956: 4792: 4675: 4533: 4279: 4221: 4184: 4144: 4070: 3508: 3415:Herbert Marcuse and the Crisis of Marxism 3075: 2968: 2776: 2577: 2433: 2031: 1926: 1239:, Franco Fernandes and Sérgio Augusto in 914: 656:reveals the influence of the philosopher 4749: 4644: 4576:Mattick, Paul (1956). "Marx and Freud". 4311: 4126: 4087: 3990: 3715: 3688: 3228: 3052: 3002: 2872: 2812: 2752: 2704: 2565: 2529: 2421: 2205: 2175: 2121: 2046: 1689:The philosopher James Bohman wrote that 1499:criticized Marcuse as "essentialist" in 952:Whitfield noted that Marcuse considered 895:Melanie Klein and Critical Social Theory 671: 5308:Books about the philosophy of sexuality 4917: 4575: 4544: 4510: 4396: 4021: 3973: 3900: 3790:Against Interpretation and Other Essays 3760: 3734: 3540: 3517: 3412: 3320: 3251: 3032:Homosexual: Oppression & Liberation 2980: 2884: 2848: 2740: 2716: 2680: 2649: 2514: 2394: 2280: 2145: 2016: 2001: 1986: 1884: 1872: 1860: 1848: 1836: 5275: 4857: 4730: 4692: 4435: 4326: 3861: 3838: 3787: 3765:The Cultural Construction of Sexuality 3665: 3638: 3615: 3592: 3570:Origins of Sexuality and Homosexuality 3565: 3366: 3343: 3254:Psychoanalytic Theory: An Introduction 3181:The Cultural Construction of Sexuality 3176: 3157: 3098: 3029: 2932: 2920: 2908: 2896: 2860: 2836: 2728: 2661: 2613: 2601: 2568:, pp. 148–149, 223, 224, 231–233. 2553: 2349: 2292: 2235: 2220: 2190: 2061: 1971: 1956: 1941: 1796:, the work Marcuse is best known for. 1601:, reemerged, displaced onto Freud, in 1051:Capital: Critique of Political Economy 782: 724:fight." Marcuse questions the view of 5090: 5018: 4995: 4878: 4818: 4605: 4495: 4201: 3921: 3806: 3485: 3460: 3435: 3389: 3274: 3203: 3144: 3121: 2824: 2800: 2788: 2764: 2692: 2637: 2625: 2589: 2541: 2364: 2334: 2322: 2265: 2250: 2106: 2076: 1914: 965:to publicly condemn Marcuse in 1969. 854:. Later discussions include those in 4772: 4365: 4161: 3720:. Washington, D. C.: The AEI Press. 3297: 2956: 2379: 2133: 1899: 1441:. Comparing the two works, he found 1126:example by increasing the number of 679: 112:277 (Beacon Press paperback edition) 5164:Soviet Marxism: A Critical Analysis 5116: 4456: 4052: 3618:Debating Gender, Debating Sexuality 2307: 2160: 1386:Freud and the Crisis of Our Culture 802: 13: 1674:as a "seminal" work. The essayist 1276:Shearmur identified the historian 1128:narcissistic personality disorders 755:, and criticizes the psychiatrist 481:Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory 232:The Theory of Communicative Action 14: 5334: 5058: 4804:Zeitschrift für Kritische Theorie 4753:Philosophy of the Social Sciences 4678:Zeitschrift für Kritische Theorie 4330:Philosophy & Social Criticism 3162:. Santa Cruz: New Pacific Press. 1249:Zeitschrift für Kritische Theorie 1210:Philosophy & Social Criticism 1150:Philosophy of the Social Sciences 932:. The book was also discussed by 5034:"Marcuse's Conception of Eros". 4413:10.1111/j.1527-2001.2010.01127.x 683: 605:Civilization and Its Discontents 598:, and explores the potential of 536: 524: 223:The Structural Transformation of 149: 4146:10.17159/2224-7912/2017/v57n1a2 4133:Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe 3300:Erich Fromm: His Life and Ideas 2990: 1751:Erich Fromm: His Life and Ideas 1555:Other evaluations, 1987–present 1524:Freud: The Mind of the Moralist 1245:Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe 790:was first published in 1955 by 5260:Secret Reports on Nazi Germany 4609:Journal of Classical Sociology 4537:The New York Times Book Review 4209:The American Historical Review 3595:Provocations: Collected Essays 3036:University of Queensland Press 2652:, pp. 127, 138, 147, 414. 1875:, pp. 147, 192, 239, 248. 1724: 1220:The American Historical Review 1194:Journal of Classical Sociology 837:The New York Times Book Review 241:Age of Mechanical Reproduction 1: 5073:, with links to on-line texts 4999:American Journal of Sociology 4822:History of the Human Sciences 3994:American Journal of Sociology 3865:Theory, Culture & Society 3003:Abramson, Jeffrey B. (1986). 2755:, pp. xxx, xxxiii–xxxiv. 1823: 1733:discussed Marcuse's views in 1599:Institute for Social Research 1533:Knowledge and Human Interests 1502:Sexuality and Its Discontents 1492:Knowledge and Human Interests 1376:(1965) to that of Marcuse in 1303:Beyond the Pleasure Principle 1172:History of the Human Sciences 1162:Theory, Culture & Society 1139:Discussions in other journals 1011:American Journal of Sociology 820:and the historian of science 5204:Counterrevolution and Revolt 5184:A Critique of Pure Tolerance 5050:'s Academic Search Complete 4989:'s Academic Search Complete 4950:'s Academic Search Complete 4911:'s Academic Search Complete 4872:'s Academic Search Complete 4851:'s Academic Search Complete 4812:'s Academic Search Complete 4766:'s Academic Search Complete 4743:'s Academic Search Complete 4686:'s Academic Search Complete 4669:'s Academic Search Complete 4638:'s Academic Search Complete 4599:'s Academic Search Complete 4569:'s Academic Search Complete 4527:'s Academic Search Complete 4489:'s Academic Search Complete 4450:'s Academic Search Complete 4429:'s Academic Search Complete 4390:'s Academic Search Complete 4359:'s Academic Search Complete 4315:The Psychoanalytic Quarterly 4290:'s Academic Search Complete 4255:'s Academic Search Complete 4232:'s Academic Search Complete 4195:'s Academic Search Complete 4178:'s Academic Search Complete 4155:'s Academic Search Complete 4120:'s Academic Search Complete 4081:'s Academic Search Complete 4015:'s Academic Search Complete 3984:'s Academic Search Complete 3967:'s Academic Search Complete 3936:'s Academic Search Complete 3915:'s Academic Search Complete 3894:'s Academic Search Complete 3855:'s Academic Search Complete 3647:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 3509:MacIntyre, Alasdair (1970). 3057:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 2407:Fernandes & Augusto 2016 1788:According to P. D. Casteel, 1742:Counterrevolution and Revolt 1360:Other evaluations, 1955–1986 983:The Psychoanalytic Quarterly 969:Reviews in academic journals 797: 16:1955 book by Herbert Marcuse 7: 4724:10.5840/radphilrev201316113 4661:10.5840/radphilrev201742576 4059:Policy Futures in Education 3959:10.5840/radphilrev201316112 3147:Toward a Marxist Psychology 1799: 1392:has often been compared to 1269:was discussed again in the 1189:Policy Futures in Education 1169:, Peter M. R. Stirk in the 1073:Discussions of the work in 897:(1989). Bertman wrote that 634:(1959) and the philosopher 10: 5339: 5298:Books about psychoanalysis 5288:American non-fiction books 4696:Harvard Educational Review 4561:10.5840/radphilrev20131615 3878:10.1177/026327693010002011 3792:. New York: Anchor Books. 3622:Cambridge University Press 3350:Cambridge University Press 3126:. Hanover, New Hampshire: 3105:Cambridge University Press 2839:, pp. 22–23, 237–240. 2707:, pp. ix, 96–97, 148. 992:, and Richard M. Jones in 989:Harvard Educational Review 667: 167:Dialectic of Enlightenment 31:Cover of the first edition 5303:Books about Sigmund Freud 5250: 5241:Technological rationality 5225: 5124: 5082:Review by Robert M. Young 5037:Radical Philosophy Review 4835:10.1177/09526959922120162 4711:Radical Philosophy Review 4648:Radical Philosophy Review 4548:Radical Philosophy Review 4300:The Review of Metaphysics 4242:Radical Philosophy Review 4127:Duvenage, Pieter (2017). 3946:Radical Philosophy Review 3518:Marcuse, Herbert (1974). 3413:Kellner, Douglas (1984). 3252:Elliott, Anthony (2002). 3235:Stanford University Press 3204:Crews, Frederick (1975). 3128:Wesleyan University Press 3122:Brown, Norman O. (1985). 2683:, pp. 193, 195, 434. 2459:Radical Philosophy Review 1660:and the anarchist author 1271:Radical Philosophy Review 1263:Radical Philosophy Review 1254:Radical Philosophy Review 1243:, and Pieter Duvenage in 1175:, Silke-Maria Weineck in 1005:The Review of Metaphysics 418:Communicative rationality 116: 108: 92: 84: 74: 64: 54: 46: 36: 24: 5323:Works by Herbert Marcuse 5234:Repressive desublimation 4895:10.1177/1741659008092329 4794:10.1177/0094306111412511 4622:10.1177/1468795X07073953 4343:10.1177/0191453708098538 4072:10.2304/pfie.2006.4.1.18 3699:Cornell University Press 3649:Harvard University Press 3639:Posner, Richard (1992). 3593:Paglia, Camille (2018). 3541:Marwick, Arthur (1998). 2592:, pp. 71–72, 75–76. 1764:The gay rights activist 1729:The gay rights activist 1642:The History of Sexuality 1458:as more successful than 1429:The social psychologist 1273:by Jeffrey L. Nicholas. 1156:Journal of Homosexuality 732:— history seen not as a 5214:The Aesthetic Dimension 5052:(subscription required) 4991:(subscription required) 4952:(subscription required) 4913:(subscription required) 4874:(subscription required) 4853:(subscription required) 4814:(subscription required) 4768:(subscription required) 4745:(subscription required) 4688:(subscription required) 4671:(subscription required) 4640:(subscription required) 4601:(subscription required) 4571:(subscription required) 4529:(subscription required) 4491:(subscription required) 4452:(subscription required) 4431:(subscription required) 4392:(subscription required) 4369:Contemporary Literature 4361:(subscription required) 4292:(subscription required) 4257:(subscription required) 4234:(subscription required) 4202:Evans, Sara M. (2009). 4197:(subscription required) 4180:(subscription required) 4157:(subscription required) 4122:(subscription required) 4083:(subscription required) 4017:(subscription required) 3986:(subscription required) 3969:(subscription required) 3938:(subscription required) 3917:(subscription required) 3896:(subscription required) 3857:(subscription required) 3807:Weeks, Jeffrey (1993). 3689:Robinson, Paul (1990). 3549:Oxford University Press 3486:Lewes, Kenneth (1988). 3344:Herzog, Dagmar (2017). 3275:Frosh, Stephen (1987). 3229:Dufresne, Todd (2000). 3212:Oxford University Press 3030:Altman, Dennis (2012). 1944:, pp. ix, 256–262. 1686:as "equally profound". 1226:Contemporary Literature 5313:English-language books 5283:1955 non-fiction books 5194:An Essay on Liberation 5077:Review by Paul Mattick 5046: – via 4985: – via 4946: – via 4907: – via 4868: – via 4847: – via 4808: – via 4780:Contemporary Sociology 4762: – via 4739: – via 4682: – via 4665: – via 4634: – via 4595: – via 4565: – via 4523: – via 4485: – via 4446: – via 4425: – via 4386: – via 4355: – via 4286: – via 4281:10.5380/dp.v13i3.47239 4251: – via 4228: – via 4191: – via 4174: – via 4151: – via 4116: – via 4077: – via 4011: – via 3980: – via 3963: – via 3932: – via 3911: – via 3890: – via 3851: – via 3788:Sontag, Susan (1990). 3771:Tavistock Publications 3187:Tavistock Publications 2767:, pp. 21–22, 150. 1517:, the cultural critic 1315:Alfred North Whitehead 1191:, Duston Moore in the 1087:, and C. Fred Alford. 915:Socialist publications 883:Tuttle suggested that 862:discussed the book in 736:, but a fight against 677: 239:The Work of Art in the 5154:Eros and Civilization 5144:Reason and Revolution 4973:10.1353/dss.2014.0075 4882:Crime, Media, Culture 4382:10.1353/cli.2011.0004 4223:10.1086/ahr.114.2.331 4187:GLBTQ Social Sciences 3697:. Ithaca and London: 3672:Yale University Press 3666:Ricœur, Paul (1970). 3576:Harrington Park Press 3367:Hudson, Liam (1976). 3298:Funk, Rainer (2000). 3151:Harper Colophon Books 2352:, pp. 1071–1093. 2124:, pp. 1964–1972. 1790:Eros and Civilization 1774:GLBTQ Social Sciences 1770:Eros and Civilization 1759:Eros and Civilization 1747:Eros and Civilization 1719:Eros and Civilization 1711:Eros and Civilization 1699:Eros and Civilization 1691:Eros and Civilization 1684:Eros and Civilization 1672:Eros and Civilization 1654:Eros and Civilization 1633:Eros and Civilization 1614:Eros and Civilization 1603:Eros and Civilization 1594:Eros and Civilization 1586:Eros and Civilization 1573:Eros and Civilization 1565:Eros and Civilization 1548:Eros and Civilization 1511:Eros and Civilization 1479:Eros and Civilization 1472:Eros and Civilization 1464:Eros and Civilization 1456:Eros and Civilization 1443:Eros and Civilization 1439:Eros and Civilization 1423:Eros and Civilization 1390:Eros and Civilization 1378:Eros and Civilization 1366:Eros and Civilization 1354:Eros and Civilization 1328:Eros and Civilization 1294:Eros and Civilization 1267:Eros and Civilization 1200:Crime, Media, Culture 1197:, Sean Noah Walsh in 1123:Eros and Civilization 1110:Eros and Civilization 1060:Eros and Civilization 1044:a "deeper book" than 1042:Eros and Civilization 1037:Eros and Civilization 986:, Paul Nyberg in the 974:Eros and Civilization 954:Eros and Civilization 920:Eros and Civilization 903:Eros and Civilization 899:Eros and Civilization 885:Eros and Civilization 878:Eros and Civilization 808:Eros and Civilization 788:Eros and Civilization 717:Eros and Civilization 675: 654:Eros and Civilization 646:Eros and Civilization 618:Eros and Civilization 531:Philosophy portal 216:Reason and Revolution 181:Eros and Civilization 4921:The German Quarterly 4460:Theory & Society 4091:Theory & Society 4053:Cho, Daniel (2006). 3842:Theory & Society 3492:New American Library 3461:Kovel, Joel (1981). 3436:Kovel, Joel (1991). 3369:The Cult of the Fact 3145:Brown, Phil (1974). 2719:, pp. 350, 413. 2695:, pp. 165, 167. 1582:Richard J. Bernstein 1529:Freud and Philosophy 1485:and the philosopher 1483:Freud and Philosophy 1374:Freud and Philosophy 1178:The German Quarterly 1159:, C. Fred Alford in 1083:, the psychoanalyst 1076:Theory & Society 1068:Theory & Society 934:Stephen J. Whitfield 773:Harry Stack Sullivan 641:Freud and Philosophy 5174:One-Dimensional Man 5029:(November 7, 1969). 4773:Sica, Alan (2011). 4582:. March/April 1956. 4025:New German Critique 3396:Macmillan Education 3281:Macmillan Education 3082:Macmillan Education 2875:, pp. 111–112. 2604:, pp. 88, 253. 2532:, pp. 185–213. 2505:, pp. 109–122. 2448:, pp. 180–195. 2436:, pp. 164–179. 2409:, pp. 117–123. 2382:, pp. 677–702. 2367:, pp. 331–347. 2337:, pp. 221–236. 2295:, pp. 167–187. 2283:, pp. 351–365. 2238:, pp. 207–227. 2193:, pp. 869–890. 2178:, pp. 271–319. 2136:, pp. 385–387. 2109:, pp. 342–343. 2094:, pp. 660–665. 2079:, pp. 175–180. 2049:, pp. 429–431. 2034:, pp. 102–107. 1917:, pp. 666–667. 1839:, pp. xi, xxv. 1794:One-Dimensional Man 1624:Marriage and Morals 1181:, Joshua Rayman in 1165:, Michael Beard in 1046:One-Dimensional Man 1021:New German Critique 1016:Kurt Heinrich Wolff 959:One-Dimensional Man 908:One-Dimensional Man 783:Publication history 438:Legitimation crisis 408:Advanced capitalism 209:One-Dimensional Man 202:Negative Dialectics 188:Escape from Freedom 21: 5293:Beacon Press books 4473:10.1007/bf00173107 4104:10.1007/BF00161280 3513:. London: Fontana. 2490:, pp. 99–107. 2325:, pp. 83–108. 1731:Jearld Moldenhauer 1715:Life Against Death 1703:Life Against Death 1680:Life Against Death 1658:Life Against Death 1577:Life Against Death 1515:Life Against Death 1460:Life Against Death 1435:Life Against Death 1421:he commented that 1401:Alasdair MacIntyre 1394:Life Against Death 1298:Life Against Death 1203:, the philosopher 1000:Herbert Fingarette 874:Life Against Death 851:Columbia Spectator 753:Friedrich Schiller 730:meaning of biology 695:. You can help by 678: 650:Life Against Death 631:Life Against Death 543:Society portal 402:Important concepts 19: 5270: 5269: 5065:Table of contents 4579:Western Socialist 4514:The New Criterion 3822:978-0-415-04503-2 3799:978-0-385-26708-3 3780:978-0-422-60880-0 3753:978-1-85799-100-0 3727:978-0-8447-3700-3 3708:978-0-8014-9716-2 3693:The Freudian Left 3681:978-0-300-02189-9 3658:978-0-674-80279-7 3585:978-0-918393-00-5 3558:978-0-19-210022-1 3533:978-0-8070-1555-1 3501:978-0-452-01003-1 3478:978-0-394-50818-4 3453:978-0-8070-2916-9 3405:978-0-333-44101-5 3382:978-0-224-01221-8 3359:978-1-107-42087-8 3336:978-0-262-13221-3 3327:SAGE Publications 3325:. Beverly Hills: 3313:978-0-8264-1224-9 3290:978-0-333-39613-1 3267:978-0-333-91912-5 3244:978-0-8047-3885-9 3221:978-0-19-501947-6 3196:978-0-422-60880-0 3169:978-1-55643-802-8 3137:978-0-8195-6144-2 3114:978-1-107-64379-6 3091:978-0-333-44101-5 3068:978-0-262-13221-3 3045:978-0-7022-4937-2 3022:978-0-8070-2913-8 2923:, pp. 35–36. 2791:, pp. 17–18. 2779:, pp. 17–18. 2731:, pp. 6, 27. 2580:, pp. 41–54. 2517:, pp. 25–30. 2463:, pp. 31–47. 2397:, pp. 65–78. 2310:, pp. 18–30. 2223:, pp. 65–77. 2148:, pp. 21–23. 2064:, pp. 87–88. 1817:Libidinal Economy 1766:Jeffrey Escoffier 1755:Raya Dunayevskaya 1709:wrote that while 1667:Growing Up Absurd 1531:, and Habermas's 1527:(1959), Ricœur's 1477:Kellner compared 1340:Gravity's Rainbow 1324:Theodor W. Adorno 929:Western Socialist 865:The New Criterion 840:and discussed by 713: 712: 600:collective memory 579: 578: 506:Social alienation 254:Notable theorists 225:the Public Sphere 174:Eclipse of Reason 128: 127: 85:Publication place 5330: 5263: 5243: 5236: 5218: 5208: 5198: 5188: 5178: 5168: 5158: 5148: 5138: 5111: 5104: 5097: 5088: 5087: 5053: 5045: 5030: 5015: 4992: 4984: 4953: 4945: 4914: 4906: 4875: 4867: 4854: 4846: 4815: 4807: 4798: 4796: 4769: 4761: 4746: 4738: 4727: 4704: 4689: 4681: 4672: 4664: 4641: 4633: 4602: 4594: 4590:The Body Politic 4583: 4572: 4564: 4541: 4530: 4522: 4507: 4492: 4484: 4453: 4445: 4432: 4424: 4393: 4385: 4362: 4354: 4337:(9): 1071–1093. 4323: 4308: 4293: 4285: 4283: 4258: 4250: 4235: 4227: 4225: 4198: 4190: 4181: 4173: 4158: 4150: 4148: 4123: 4115: 4084: 4076: 4074: 4049: 4018: 4010: 4001:(6): 1964–1972. 3987: 3979: 3978:(April 1, 2017). 3970: 3962: 3939: 3931: 3918: 3910: 3897: 3889: 3858: 3850: 3826: 3803: 3784: 3768: 3757: 3731: 3712: 3696: 3685: 3662: 3646: 3635: 3612: 3589: 3573: 3562: 3537: 3514: 3505: 3482: 3457: 3432: 3409: 3386: 3363: 3340: 3317: 3294: 3271: 3248: 3225: 3200: 3184: 3173: 3154: 3141: 3118: 3095: 3072: 3049: 3026: 3010: 2984: 2978: 2972: 2966: 2960: 2954: 2948: 2945:Moldenhauer 1972 2942: 2936: 2930: 2924: 2918: 2912: 2906: 2900: 2894: 2888: 2882: 2876: 2870: 2864: 2858: 2852: 2846: 2840: 2834: 2828: 2822: 2816: 2810: 2804: 2798: 2792: 2786: 2780: 2774: 2768: 2762: 2756: 2750: 2744: 2738: 2732: 2726: 2720: 2714: 2708: 2702: 2696: 2690: 2684: 2678: 2672: 2671: 2659: 2653: 2647: 2641: 2635: 2629: 2623: 2617: 2611: 2605: 2599: 2593: 2587: 2581: 2575: 2569: 2563: 2557: 2551: 2545: 2539: 2533: 2527: 2518: 2512: 2506: 2500: 2491: 2488:Bird-Pollan 2013 2485: 2479: 2478:, pp. 1–15. 2476:Farr et al. 2013 2473: 2464: 2455: 2449: 2443: 2437: 2431: 2425: 2424:, pp. 7–21. 2419: 2410: 2404: 2398: 2392: 2383: 2377: 2368: 2362: 2353: 2347: 2338: 2332: 2326: 2320: 2311: 2305: 2296: 2290: 2284: 2278: 2269: 2263: 2254: 2248: 2239: 2233: 2224: 2218: 2209: 2203: 2194: 2188: 2179: 2173: 2164: 2163:, pp. 1–15. 2158: 2149: 2143: 2137: 2131: 2125: 2119: 2110: 2104: 2095: 2089: 2080: 2074: 2065: 2059: 2050: 2044: 2035: 2029: 2020: 2014: 2005: 1999: 1990: 1984: 1975: 1969: 1960: 1954: 1945: 1939: 1930: 1924: 1918: 1912: 1903: 1897: 1888: 1882: 1876: 1870: 1864: 1858: 1852: 1851:, pp. 3, 5. 1846: 1840: 1834: 1736:The Body Politic 1717:. She described 1701:was, along with 1648:The philosopher 1619:Bertrand Russell 1612:maintained that 1559:The philosopher 1538:The philosopher 1406:Ludwig Feuerbach 1399:The philosopher 1364:Brown commended 1231:Nancy J. Holland 1223:, Molly Hite in 1213:, the historian 1187:, Daniel Cho in 803:Mainstream media 708: 705: 687: 680: 658:Martin Heidegger 571: 564: 557: 541: 540: 529: 528: 527: 491:Marxist humanism 428:Culture industry 153: 143:Frankfurt School 130: 129: 76:Publication date 29: 22: 18: 5338: 5337: 5333: 5332: 5331: 5329: 5328: 5327: 5273: 5272: 5271: 5266: 5257: 5246: 5239: 5232: 5221: 5211: 5201: 5191: 5181: 5171: 5161: 5151: 5141: 5131: 5120: 5118:Herbert Marcuse 5115: 5061: 5056: 5051: 4990: 4951: 4934:10.2307/3072756 4912: 4873: 4852: 4813: 4767: 4744: 4687: 4670: 4639: 4600: 4570: 4528: 4490: 4451: 4430: 4391: 4360: 4291: 4256: 4233: 4196: 4179: 4156: 4121: 4082: 4016: 3985: 3968: 3937: 3916: 3895: 3856: 3829: 3823: 3800: 3781: 3754: 3728: 3709: 3682: 3659: 3632: 3609: 3586: 3559: 3534: 3502: 3479: 3454: 3429: 3406: 3383: 3360: 3337: 3314: 3291: 3268: 3256:. Basingstoke: 3245: 3222: 3197: 3170: 3138: 3115: 3092: 3069: 3046: 3023: 2993: 2988: 2987: 2983:, pp. 1–6. 2979: 2975: 2971:, pp. 1–4. 2967: 2963: 2955: 2951: 2943: 2939: 2931: 2927: 2919: 2915: 2907: 2903: 2895: 2891: 2883: 2879: 2871: 2867: 2859: 2855: 2847: 2843: 2835: 2831: 2823: 2819: 2811: 2807: 2799: 2795: 2787: 2783: 2775: 2771: 2763: 2759: 2751: 2747: 2739: 2735: 2727: 2723: 2715: 2711: 2703: 2699: 2691: 2687: 2679: 2675: 2664:Social Research 2660: 2656: 2648: 2644: 2636: 2632: 2624: 2620: 2612: 2608: 2600: 2596: 2588: 2584: 2576: 2572: 2564: 2560: 2552: 2548: 2540: 2536: 2528: 2521: 2513: 2509: 2503:Privitello 2013 2501: 2494: 2486: 2482: 2474: 2467: 2456: 2452: 2446:Stakemeier 2006 2444: 2440: 2432: 2428: 2420: 2413: 2405: 2401: 2393: 2386: 2378: 2371: 2363: 2356: 2348: 2341: 2333: 2329: 2321: 2314: 2306: 2299: 2291: 2287: 2279: 2272: 2264: 2257: 2249: 2242: 2234: 2227: 2219: 2212: 2204: 2197: 2189: 2182: 2174: 2167: 2159: 2152: 2144: 2140: 2132: 2128: 2120: 2113: 2105: 2098: 2092:Fingarette 1957 2090: 2083: 2075: 2068: 2060: 2053: 2045: 2038: 2030: 2023: 2015: 2008: 2004:, pp. 4–9. 2000: 1993: 1985: 1978: 1974:, p. 1398. 1970: 1963: 1959:, p. 1568. 1955: 1948: 1940: 1933: 1925: 1921: 1913: 1906: 1898: 1891: 1883: 1879: 1871: 1867: 1859: 1855: 1847: 1843: 1835: 1831: 1826: 1802: 1778:Martin Duberman 1727: 1557: 1487:Jürgen Habermas 1447:Frederick Crews 1433:suggested that 1362: 1259:Douglas Kellner 1145:Jeremy Shearmur 1141: 1098:Walter Benjamin 1093:critical theory 1071: 1066:Discussions in 1056:Michel Foucault 978:Martin Grotjahn 971: 917: 832:Clyde Kluckhohn 822:Robert M. Young 805: 800: 785: 709: 703: 700: 693:needs expansion 670: 662:neo-Freudianism 648:as superior to 626:Norman O. Brown 588:Herbert Marcuse 575: 535: 525: 523: 516: 515: 511:Western Marxism 476: 468: 467: 448:Popular culture 423:Critical theory 403: 395: 394: 255: 247: 246: 240: 224: 161: 93:Media type 77: 41:Herbert Marcuse 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5336: 5326: 5325: 5320: 5318:Freudo-Marxism 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5268: 5267: 5265: 5264: 5254: 5252: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5244: 5237: 5229: 5227: 5223: 5222: 5220: 5219: 5209: 5199: 5189: 5179: 5169: 5159: 5149: 5139: 5128: 5126: 5122: 5121: 5114: 5113: 5106: 5099: 5091: 5085: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5068: 5060: 5059:External links 5057: 5055: 5054: 5031: 5016: 5012:10.1086/222021 5006:(3): 342–343. 4993: 4967:(4): 102–107. 4954: 4928:(4): 351–365. 4915: 4889:(2): 221–236. 4876: 4855: 4816: 4799: 4787:(4): 385–387. 4770: 4747: 4728: 4718:(1): 109–122. 4705: 4690: 4673: 4655:(2): 185–213. 4642: 4603: 4584: 4573: 4542: 4531: 4508: 4499:American Imago 4493: 4454: 4433: 4394: 4376:(4): 677–702. 4363: 4324: 4309: 4294: 4259: 4236: 4216:(2): 331–347. 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Cambridge: 3102: 3097: 3093: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3074: 3070: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3051: 3047: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3028: 3024: 3018: 3014: 3009: 3008: 3001: 3000: 2995: 2994: 2982: 2977: 2970: 2965: 2958: 2953: 2946: 2941: 2934: 2929: 2922: 2917: 2910: 2905: 2898: 2893: 2887:, p. 52. 2886: 2881: 2874: 2873:Dufresne 2000 2869: 2862: 2857: 2850: 2845: 2838: 2833: 2826: 2821: 2814: 2813:Schwartz 1990 2809: 2802: 2797: 2790: 2785: 2778: 2773: 2766: 2761: 2754: 2753:Benhabib 1987 2749: 2743:, p. 95. 2742: 2737: 2730: 2725: 2718: 2713: 2706: 2705:Abramson 1986 2701: 2694: 2689: 2682: 2677: 2669: 2665: 2658: 2651: 2646: 2639: 2634: 2628:, p. 22. 2627: 2622: 2616:, p. 75. 2615: 2610: 2603: 2598: 2591: 2586: 2579: 2574: 2567: 2566:Robinson 1990 2562: 2555: 2550: 2544:, p. xx. 2543: 2538: 2531: 2530:Nicholas 2017 2526: 2524: 2516: 2511: 2504: 2499: 2497: 2489: 2484: 2477: 2472: 2470: 2462: 2460: 2454: 2447: 2442: 2435: 2430: 2423: 2422:Duvenage 2017 2418: 2416: 2408: 2403: 2396: 2391: 2389: 2381: 2376: 2374: 2366: 2361: 2359: 2351: 2346: 2344: 2336: 2331: 2324: 2319: 2317: 2309: 2304: 2302: 2294: 2289: 2282: 2277: 2275: 2268:, p. 73. 2267: 2262: 2260: 2252: 2247: 2245: 2237: 2232: 2230: 2222: 2217: 2215: 2208:, p. 87. 2207: 2206:Shearmur 1983 2202: 2200: 2192: 2187: 2185: 2177: 2176:Chodorow 1985 2172: 2170: 2162: 2157: 2155: 2147: 2142: 2135: 2130: 2123: 2122:Celarent 2010 2118: 2116: 2108: 2103: 2101: 2093: 2088: 2086: 2078: 2073: 2071: 2063: 2058: 2056: 2048: 2047:Grotjahn 1956 2043: 2041: 2033: 2028: 2026: 2018: 2013: 2011: 2003: 1998: 1996: 1988: 1983: 1981: 1973: 1968: 1966: 1958: 1953: 1951: 1943: 1938: 1936: 1929:, p. 30. 1928: 1923: 1916: 1911: 1909: 1902:, p. 22. 1901: 1896: 1894: 1887:, p. iv. 1886: 1881: 1874: 1869: 1862: 1857: 1850: 1845: 1838: 1833: 1829: 1819: 1818: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1803: 1797: 1795: 1791: 1786: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1762: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1743: 1738: 1737: 1732: 1722: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1695:Dagmar Herzog 1692: 1687: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1668: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1650:Todd Dufresne 1646: 1644: 1643: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1611: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1587: 1583: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1552: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1540:Roger Scruton 1536: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1525: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1506: 1504: 1503: 1498: 1497:Jeffrey Weeks 1494: 1493: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1475: 1473: 1468: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1427: 1424: 1419: 1418:Dennis Altman 1413: 1411: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1357: 1355: 1351: 1346: 1342: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1312: 1311:Jacques Lacan 1307: 1305: 1304: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1290:Melanie Klein 1287: 1283: 1279: 1274: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1255: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1237: 1232: 1228: 1227: 1222: 1221: 1216: 1215:Sara M. 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St Lucia: 3031: 3013:Beacon Press 3006: 2991:Bibliography 2981:Casteel 2017 2976: 2964: 2952: 2947:, p. 9. 2940: 2928: 2916: 2904: 2892: 2885:Elliott 2002 2880: 2868: 2856: 2849:Marwick 1998 2844: 2832: 2820: 2808: 2796: 2784: 2772: 2760: 2748: 2741:Seidler 1987 2736: 2724: 2717:Scruton 1994 2712: 2700: 2688: 2681:Kellner 1984 2676: 2667: 2663: 2657: 2650:Hencken 1982 2645: 2633: 2621: 2609: 2597: 2585: 2573: 2561: 2549: 2537: 2515:Marcuse 2013 2510: 2483: 2458: 2453: 2441: 2429: 2402: 2395:Holland 2011 2330: 2288: 2281:Weineck 2000 2146:Cerullo 1979 2141: 2129: 2017:Mattick 1956 2002:Kimball 1997 1987:Bertman 1998 1922: 1885:Marcuse 1974 1880: 1873:Marcuse 1974 1868: 1861:Marcuse 1974 1856: 1849:Marcuse 1974 1844: 1837:Marcuse 1974 1832: 1815: 1806:Eros (Freud) 1793: 1789: 1787: 1781: 1773: 1769: 1763: 1758: 1757:, dismissed 1750: 1746: 1740: 1734: 1728: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1702: 1698: 1690: 1688: 1683: 1679: 1671: 1665: 1662:Paul Goodman 1657: 1653: 1647: 1640: 1632: 1622: 1613: 1607: 1602: 1593: 1591: 1585: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1563:argued that 1558: 1547: 1537: 1532: 1528: 1522: 1519:Philip Rieff 1514: 1510: 1507: 1500: 1490: 1482: 1481:to Ricœur's 1478: 1476: 1471: 1469: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1428: 1422: 1414: 1398: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1377: 1373: 1365: 1363: 1353: 1338: 1332: 1327: 1308: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1281: 1275: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1234: 1224: 1218: 1208: 1205:Espen Hammer 1198: 1192: 1188: 1182: 1176: 1170: 1166: 1160: 1154: 1148: 1142: 1122: 1120: 1113: 1109: 1106: 1089: 1074: 1072: 1067: 1059: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1019: 1009: 1003: 993: 987: 981: 973: 972: 963:Pope Paul VI 958: 953: 951: 944: 937: 927: 924:Paul Mattick 919: 918: 906: 902: 898: 894: 888: 884: 882: 877: 873: 870: 863: 855: 849: 845: 842:Susan Sontag 835: 825: 815: 812:Abraham Edel 807: 806: 792:Beacon Press 787: 786: 769:Karen Horney 746: 721: 716: 714: 701: 697:adding to it 692: 653: 649: 645: 639: 629: 617: 610: 603: 582: 581: 580: 443:Non-identity 230: 221: 214: 207: 200: 193: 186: 180: 179: 172: 165: 69:Beacon Press 4139:(1): 7–21. 2933:Paglia 2018 2921:Herzog 2017 2909:Bohman 2017 2897:Cantor 2009 2861:Porter 1996 2837:Posner 1992 2729:Caplan 1987 2614:Hudson 1976 2602:Altman 2012 2554:Ricœur 1970 2350:Hammer 2008 2293:Rayman 2005 2236:Alford 1993 2221:Murphy 1985 2191:Alford 1987 2062:Nyberg 1956 1972:Howell 1990 1957:Tuttle 1988 1942:Sontag 1990 1725:Other views 1697:wrote that 1656:to Brown's 1631:identified 1546:identified 1513:to Brown's 1431:Liam Hudson 1382:Géza Róheim 1370:Paul Ricœur 1320:Gayle Rubin 1286:bisexuality 1132:sublimation 1115:Love's Body 1102:Ernst Bloch 765:Erich Fromm 636:Paul Ricœur 501:Reification 496:Recognition 380:Sohn-Rethel 325:Kirchheimer 160:Major works 5277:Categories 5044:(1). 2013. 4322:: 429–431. 4268:DoisPontos 4165:The Nation 3811:. 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In the 798:Reception 757:Carl Jung 722:political 592:Karl Marx 458:Privatism 433:Dialectic 340:Löwenthal 330:Kompridis 102:Paperback 98:Hardcover 65:Publisher 5226:Concepts 4806:(22/23). 4680:(22/23). 3832:Journals 3738:(1994). 3258:Palgrave 2308:Cho 2006 2161:Jay 1982 1800:See also 1645:(1976). 1306:(1920). 876:(1959), 350:McCarthy 335:Kuhlmann 320:Kracauer 295:Habermas 285:Grünberg 270:Benjamin 135:a series 133:Part of 47:Language 4960:Dissent 4942:3072756 4400:Hypatia 3511:Marcuse 1345:Orpheus 1236:Hypatia 939:Dissent 848:to the 824:in the 668:Summary 390:Wingert 385:Wellmer 375:Schmidt 370:Pollock 360:Neumann 345:Marcuse 300:Honneth 96:Print ( 55:Subject 50:English 5217:(1977) 5207:(1972) 5197:(1969) 5187:(1965) 5177:(1964) 5167:(1958) 5157:(1955) 5147:(1941) 5137:(1932) 4979: 4940: 4901: 4860:Choice 4841: 4737:(131). 4628: 4479: 4438:Choice 4419: 4349: 4110: 4046:487846 4044: 3903:Choice 3884: 3819: 3796: 3777: 3750: 3724: 3705: 3678: 3655: 3628: 3605: 3582: 3555: 3530: 3498: 3475: 3450: 3425: 3402: 3379: 3356: 3333: 3310: 3287: 3264: 3241: 3218: 3193: 3166: 3134: 3111: 3088: 3065: 3042: 3019: 856:Choice 775:, and 453:Praxis 310:Jaeggi 260:Adorno 137:on the 37:Author 5125:Books 5048:EBSCO 4987:EBSCO 4977:S2CID 4948:EBSCO 4938:JSTOR 4909:EBSCO 4899:S2CID 4870:EBSCO 4849:EBSCO 4839:S2CID 4810:EBSCO 4764:EBSCO 4741:EBSCO 4734:Telos 4684:EBSCO 4667:EBSCO 4636:EBSCO 4626:S2CID 4597:EBSCO 4567:EBSCO 4540:: 30. 4525:EBSCO 4487:EBSCO 4477:S2CID 4467:(1). 4448:EBSCO 4427:EBSCO 4417:S2CID 4388:EBSCO 4357:EBSCO 4347:S2CID 4288:EBSCO 4274:(3). 4253:EBSCO 4230:EBSCO 4193:EBSCO 4176:EBSCO 4153:EBSCO 4118:EBSCO 4108:S2CID 4079:EBSCO 4042:JSTOR 4013:EBSCO 3982:EBSCO 3965:EBSCO 3934:EBSCO 3913:EBSCO 3892:EBSCO 3882:S2CID 3853:EBSCO 2996:Books 1247:. 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