1191:
133:
1701:
1718:
115:
934:
452:
463:
would have been a quadrupedal predator. It was among the smaller members of the group, with a skull less than 15 centimetres (5.9 in) long. It had a relatively short, deep snout and large orbits compared to other gorgonopsians. Like all gorgonopsians, it had five incisors and a canine tooth on
1020:
Kammerer, Christian F. (2014). "A Redescription of
Eriphostoma microdon Broom, 1911 (Therapsida, Gorgonopsia) from the Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone of South Africa and a Review of Middle Permian Gorgonopsians". In Kammerer, Christian F.; Angielczyk, Kenneth D.; Fröbisch, Jörg (eds.).
1084:
Kammerer, Christian F.; Smith, Roger M.H.; Day, Michael O.; Rubidge, Bruce S. (2015). "New information on the morphology and stratigraphic range of the mid‐Permian gorgonopsian
Eriphostoma microdon Broom, 1911".
389:
of the
Beaufort Group. Despite its status as one of the oldest known gorgonopsians, its poor preservation meant that the specimen was largely ignored for the rest of the 20th century, and typically regarded as a
403:
However, in 2014, CT scanning of the holotype allowed its redescription as a valid species of gorgonopsian. Further study, and the discovery of new specimens, allowed most gorgonopsians from the
1783:
1862:
1852:
1770:
1872:
953:, but some of the referred specimens are from the overlying Teekloof Formation. Biostratigraphically, it ranges from the upper
1867:
1842:
1224:
1038:
474:
and many basal therapsids, but not more derived gorgonopsians which tend to have ridge-like palatine bosses with few teeth.
1857:
379:
1147:
1145:
Kammerer, Christian F.; Rubidge, Bruce S. (2022). "The earliest gorgonopsians from the Karoo Basin of South Africa".
1123:
370:, based on a poorly preserved specimen collected by the Reverend J. H. Whaits in the town of Fraserburg Road (now
958:
1847:
1063:
383:
333:
132:
464:
each side of the upper jaw, but it had only three small postcanine teeth in its maxilla. The palate of
1217:
355:. It is the oldest known gorgonopsian and among the smallest and most basal members of the clade.
1700:
1245:
950:
1814:
1738:
1401:
396:. A 1989 comprehensive revision of gorgonopsians only briefly mentioned it as an indeterminate
1788:
1809:
1801:
428:
1837:
1721:
1210:
1156:
352:
230:
8:
1196:
1160:
1058:. Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology. Vol. 17 B/I. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag.
1306:
1172:
1001:
261:
127:
382:
with the specimen number AMNH FARB 5524. It was the first named gorgonopsian from the
1796:
1176:
1168:
1119:
1059:
1034:
459:
Gorgonopsians were a morphologically conservative group, and like all gorgonopsians,
1164:
1094:
1026:
997:
485:
is one of the most basal member of an endemic
African radiation of gorgonopsians.
1113:
1030:
985:
1761:
1677:
1570:
1454:
946:
610:
325:
30:
1831:
1563:
1532:
1447:
1025:. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Springer. pp. 171–184.
679:
627:
65:
1684:
1655:
1638:
1611:
1490:
1429:
1380:
981:
835:
530:
392:
375:
367:
348:
340:
238:
226:
1662:
1648:
1550:
1539:
1468:
1461:
1394:
1387:
1366:
1344:
1318:
1233:
851:
785:
586:
562:
492:
318:
206:
40:
1056:
Theriodontia I: Phthinosuchia, Biarmosuchia, Eotitanosuchia, Gorgonopsia
1775:
1604:
1597:
1588:
1577:
1275:
397:
371:
329:
190:
85:
50:
1098:
1669:
1525:
1518:
1504:
1422:
1415:
1291:
1266:
761:
737:
713:
506:
470:
321:
177:
144:
90:
1732:
114:
1755:
1618:
1257:
164:
80:
75:
60:
55:
45:
1497:
802:
468:
has delta-shaped palatine bosses covered in numerous teeth, like
311:
95:
70:
1251:
933:
154:
1202:
314:
451:
1054:
Sigogneau-Russell, Denise (1989). Wellnhofer, Peter (ed.).
1111:
1083:
439:, is probably also synonymous, but it is currently a
1186:
245:
1047:
1053:
1829:
1144:
1112:Frank Zachos, Robert Asher (October 22, 2018).
990:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
1115:Mammalian Evolution, Diversity and Systematics
1079:
1077:
1075:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1218:
986:"On some new South African Permian reptiles"
1138:
1072:
1023:Early Evolutionary History of the Synapsida
1008:
1364:
1225:
1211:
949:of South Africa. The holotype is from the
113:
1290:
1019:
974:
964:, and is the oldest known gorgonopsian.
932:
450:
1830:
443:due to its poor state of preparation.
378:. The holotype was accessioned in the
1737:
1736:
1244:
1206:
980:
928:
13:
1863:Capitanian genus first appearances
1002:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1911.tb01976.x
407:AZ to be synonymized. The species
380:American Museum of Natural History
14:
1884:
1148:Journal of African Earth Sciences
477:
427:became the valid name due to the
1717:
1716:
1699:
1189:
1169:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2022.104631
131:
38:
1853:Guadalupian synapsids of Africa
1232:
1105:
446:
1:
1873:Fossil taxa described in 1911
967:
957:Assemblage Zone to the upper
1868:Capitanian genus extinctions
1843:Prehistoric therapsid genera
1031:10.1007/978-94-007-6841-3_11
343:. It has one known species,
7:
1118:. De Gruyter. p. 159.
16:Extinct genus of therapsids
10:
1889:
1858:Taxa named by Robert Broom
358:
1745:
1712:
1697:
1636:
1587:
1558:
1549:
1485:
1478:
1439:
1375:
1360:
1341:
1317:
1299:
1286:
1240:
849:
832:
825:
799:
782:
775:
758:
751:
734:
727:
710:
693:
676:
669:
624:
607:
600:
583:
576:
559:
552:
544:
527:
520:
503:
496:
347:, and was first named by
267:
260:
244:
237:
128:Scientific classification
126:
121:
112:
23:
1087:Papers in Palaeontology
951:Abrahamskraal Formation
941:All known specimens of
455:Restoration of the head
938:
456:
437:Broomisaurus planiceps
423:were synonymized, and
1848:Guadalupian synapsids
1810:Paleobiology Database
936:
667:"African clade"
550:"Russian clade"
454:
431:. A fifth species of
429:Principle of Priority
413:Scylacognathus parvus
366:was named in 1911 by
292:Scylacognathus parvus
425:Eriphostoma microdon
421:Eoarctops vanderbyli
409:Eriphostoma microdon
345:Eriphostoma microdon
272:Eoarctops vanderbyli
250:Eriphostoma microdon
1197:Paleontology portal
1161:2022JAfES.19404631K
417:Galesuchus gracilis
282:Galesuchus gracilis
939:
457:
1825:
1824:
1797:Open Tree of Life
1739:Taxon identifiers
1730:
1729:
1708:
1707:
1695:
1694:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1337:
1336:
1099:10.1002/spp2.1012
1040:978-94-007-6840-6
929:Palaeoenvironment
925:
924:
916:
915:
907:
906:
898:
897:
889:
888:
880:
879:
871:
870:
862:
861:
814:
813:
657:
656:
648:
647:
639:
638:
435:AZ gorgonopsian,
303:
302:
297:
287:
277:
233:
1880:
1818:
1817:
1805:
1804:
1792:
1791:
1779:
1778:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1734:
1733:
1720:
1719:
1703:
1556:
1555:
1483:
1482:
1373:
1372:
1362:
1361:
1297:
1296:
1288:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1242:
1241:
1227:
1220:
1213:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1181:
1180:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1081:
1070:
1069:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1017:
1006:
1005:
996:(4): 1073–1082.
978:
828:
827:
778:
777:
754:
753:
730:
729:
672:
671:
603:
602:
579:
578:
555:
554:
547:
546:
523:
522:
499:
498:
489:
488:
295:
285:
275:
247:
225:
218:
205:
136:
135:
117:
107:
37:
29:Temporal range:
21:
20:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1813:
1808:
1800:
1795:
1787:
1782:
1774:
1769:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1741:
1731:
1726:
1704:
1691:
1624:
1583:
1545:
1474:
1435:
1369:
1348:
1333:
1313:
1282:
1247:
1246:
1236:
1231:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1143:
1139:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1110:
1106:
1082:
1073:
1066:
1052:
1048:
1041:
1018:
1009:
979:
975:
970:
962:Assemblage Zone
960:Pristerognathus
931:
926:
917:
908:
899:
890:
881:
872:
863:
815:
658:
649:
640:
480:
449:
387:Assemblage Zone
361:
337:Assemblage Zone
324:known from the
256:
253:
224:
216:
203:
130:
108:
106:
105:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
35:
34:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1886:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1806:
1793:
1780:
1767:
1751:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1681:
1678:Paragalerhinus
1674:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1644:
1642:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1593:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1574:
1571:Ruhuhucerberus
1567:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1486:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1465:
1458:
1455:Pravoslavlevia
1451:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1376:
1370:
1365:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1323:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1300:
1294:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1269:
1260:
1254:
1238:
1237:
1230:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1183:
1182:
1137:
1124:
1104:
1093:(2): 201–221.
1071:
1064:
1046:
1039:
1007:
972:
971:
969:
966:
955:Tapinocephalus
947:Beaufort Group
930:
927:
923:
922:
919:
918:
914:
913:
910:
909:
905:
904:
901:
900:
896:
895:
892:
891:
887:
886:
883:
882:
878:
877:
874:
873:
869:
868:
865:
864:
860:
859:
856:
855:
848:
845:
844:
841:
840:
831:
826:
824:
821:
820:
817:
816:
812:
811:
808:
807:
798:
795:
794:
791:
790:
781:
776:
774:
771:
770:
767:
766:
757:
752:
750:
747:
746:
743:
742:
733:
728:
726:
723:
722:
719:
718:
709:
706:
705:
702:
701:
692:
689:
688:
685:
684:
675:
670:
668:
664:
663:
660:
659:
655:
654:
651:
650:
646:
645:
642:
641:
637:
636:
633:
632:
623:
620:
619:
616:
615:
611:Pravoslavlevia
606:
601:
599:
596:
595:
592:
591:
582:
577:
575:
572:
571:
568:
567:
558:
553:
551:
545:
543:
540:
539:
536:
535:
526:
521:
519:
516:
515:
512:
511:
502:
497:
495:
487:
479:
478:Classification
476:
448:
445:
433:Tapinocephalus
405:Tapinocephalus
385:Tapinocephalus
360:
357:
335:Tapinocephalus
326:Middle Permian
301:
300:
299:
298:
296:Haughton, 1913
288:
286:Haughton, 1915
278:
276:Haughton, 1929
265:
264:
258:
257:
254:
242:
241:
235:
234:
214:
210:
209:
201:
194:
193:
188:
181:
180:
175:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
124:
123:
119:
118:
110:
109:
101:
100:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
31:Middle Permian
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1885:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1723:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1702:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1564:Aelurognathus
1561:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1479:African clade
1477:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1448:Inostrancevia
1445:
1444:
1442:
1440:Russian clade
1438:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1347:
1346:
1340:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1223:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1198:
1187:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1141:
1127:
1125:9783110341553
1121:
1117:
1116:
1108:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1067:
1061:
1057:
1050:
1042:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
977:
973:
965:
963:
961:
956:
952:
948:
945:are from the
944:
935:
921:
920:
912:
911:
903:
902:
894:
893:
885:
884:
876:
875:
867:
866:
858:
857:
854:
853:
847:
846:
843:
842:
839:
838:
837:
830:
829:
823:
822:
819:
818:
810:
809:
806:
805:
804:
797:
796:
793:
792:
789:
788:
787:
780:
779:
773:
772:
769:
768:
765:
764:
763:
756:
755:
749:
748:
745:
744:
741:
740:
739:
732:
731:
725:
724:
721:
720:
717:
716:
715:
708:
707:
704:
703:
700:
699:
698:
691:
690:
687:
686:
683:
682:
681:
674:
673:
666:
665:
662:
661:
653:
652:
644:
643:
635:
634:
631:
630:
629:
628:Inostrancevia
622:
621:
618:
617:
614:
613:
612:
605:
604:
598:
597:
594:
593:
590:
589:
588:
581:
580:
574:
573:
570:
569:
566:
565:
564:
557:
556:
549:
548:
542:
541:
538:
537:
534:
533:
532:
525:
524:
518:
517:
514:
513:
510:
509:
508:
501:
500:
494:
491:
490:
486:
484:
475:
473:
472:
467:
462:
453:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
401:
399:
395:
394:
388:
386:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
336:
331:
327:
323:
320:
316:
313:
309:
308:
294:
293:
289:
284:
283:
279:
274:
273:
269:
268:
266:
263:
259:
252:
251:
243:
240:
236:
232:
228:
223:
222:
215:
212:
211:
208:
202:
199:
196:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
170:
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111:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
32:
26:
22:
19:
1746:
1685:Wangwusaurus
1683:
1676:
1668:
1661:
1656:Broomisaurus
1654:
1647:
1639:Nomina dubia
1637:
1617:
1612:Leontosaurus
1610:
1603:
1596:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1491:Arctognathus
1489:
1467:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1430:Viatkogorgon
1428:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1381:Aelurosaurus
1379:
1343:
1271:
1262:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1129:. Retrieved
1114:
1107:
1090:
1086:
1055:
1049:
1022:
993:
989:
976:
959:
954:
942:
940:
850:
836:Arctognathus
834:
833:
801:
800:
784:
783:
760:
759:
736:
735:
712:
711:
696:
695:
694:
678:
677:
626:
625:
609:
608:
585:
584:
561:
560:
531:Viatkogorgon
529:
528:
505:
504:
482:
481:
469:
465:
460:
458:
441:nomen dubium
440:
436:
432:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
402:
393:nomen dubium
391:
384:
376:South Africa
368:Robert Broom
363:
362:
349:Robert Broom
344:
341:South Africa
334:
319:gorgonopsian
306:
305:
304:
291:
290:
281:
280:
271:
270:
249:
248:
239:Type species
220:
219:
197:
184:
171:
24:
18:
1838:Gorgonopsia
1747:Eriphostoma
1663:Cerdorhinus
1649:Arctosuchus
1551:Rubidgeinae
1540:Smilesaurus
1512:Eriphostoma
1469:Suchogorgon
1462:Sauroctonus
1395:Cyonosaurus
1388:Aloposaurus
1367:Gorgonopsia
1345:Gorgonopsia
1319:Gorgonopsia
1234:Gorgonopsia
943:Eriphostoma
937:Restoration
852:Rubidgeinae
786:Smilesaurus
697:Eriphostoma
587:Sauroctonus
563:Suchogorgon
493:Gorgonopsia
483:Eriphostoma
466:Eriphostoma
461:Eriphostoma
447:Description
364:Eriphostoma
307:Eriphostoma
255:Broom, 1911
221:Eriphostoma
207:Gorgonopsia
25:Eriphostoma
1832:Categories
1605:Dinogorgon
1598:Clelandina
1589:Rubidgeini
1578:Sycosaurus
1328:see below↓
1276:Therapsida
1155:: 104631.
1131:2022-08-25
1065:3437304879
968:References
398:theriodont
372:Leeu-Gamka
332:stage) of
330:Capitanian
322:therapsids
191:Therapsida
36:Capitanian
1670:Leogorgon
1526:Lycaenops
1519:Gorgonops
1505:Cynariops
1423:Scylacops
1416:Nochnitsa
1307:Synapsida
1292:Synapsida
1267:Synapsida
1250:Kingdom:
1177:249977414
982:Broom, R.
762:Lycaenops
738:Cynariops
714:Gorgonops
507:Nochnitsa
471:Gorgonops
178:Synapsida
151:Kingdom:
145:Eukaryota
1762:Q5389521
1756:Wikidata
1722:Category
1619:Rubidgea
1258:Chordata
1256:Phylum:
1252:Animalia
984:(1911).
328:(middle
262:Synonyms
165:Chordata
161:Phylum:
155:Animalia
141:Domain:
1802:4127264
1789:1160797
1776:4823359
1533:Phorcys
1498:Arctops
1157:Bibcode
803:Arctops
680:Phorcys
359:History
312:extinct
213:Genus:
102:↓
1408:nasuta
1404:Dixeya
1175:
1122:
1062:
1037:
419:, and
310:is an
122:Skull
1815:56793
1784:IRMNG
1272:Clade
1263:Clade
1173:S2CID
315:genus
227:Broom
198:Clade
185:Clade
172:Clade
1771:GBIF
1305:see
1120:ISBN
1060:ISBN
1035:ISBN
353:1911
231:1911
41:PreꞒ
1165:doi
1153:194
1095:doi
1027:doi
998:doi
374:),
351:in
317:of
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1101:.
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1091:1
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1043:.
1029::
1004:.
1000::
246:†
217:†
204:†
96:N
86:K
81:J
76:T
71:P
66:C
61:D
56:S
51:O
46:Ꞓ
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