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383:. In 1915 Geddes was selected by Lloyd George and given the title of deputy director general of munitions supply, whereupon he left the NER. Made responsible for small arms production, he established rational goals for rifles, light and heavy machine guns, and production then soared, making many more automatic weapons than the army had requested. Shell production was also booming but these were not adequately getting filled with explosive, and so Geddes was made responsible for them in December 1916; within six months the number of filled shells increased tenfold to two million per week, and the filled shells piled up on French docks. Lloyd George, now Minister of War, persuaded Sir
50:
481:. The new ministry was given control over railways, roads, canals and docks, but was criticised in both houses of parliament for giving in to nationalisation and for its large size. In the autumn of 1921, the handing back of the railways to the companies after state control was being reviewed, which put the Ministry of Transport under further pressure. Geddes had neither taste nor aptitude for political infighting, and resigned in November 1921.
1703:
556:
348:, rising to car-tracer. When he abruptly returned home, his elder sister gave him a firm talking-to. Late in 1895 he was sent to India for a minor job in estate management, where he built light railways before moving to the Rohilkund and Kumaon railway; he became superintendent in 1901. Returning to England because of his wife's poor health, he joined the
352:(NER), in 1904 to become the NER's claims agent (a newly created position) and rose to be deputy chief goods manager in 1906, chief goods manager in 1907, and finally deputy general manager in 1911. His initial NER salary was £500 per year, and by the time that he left in 1915, had increased to £5,000 per year; and he received a
465:
which was ready just when the war ended. Jellicoe was replaced at the end of 1917. Convoys in home waters lost only 1.25 percent of their ships, and 2,084,000 American soldiers reached Europe; only 113 were lost to U-boats, despite the German
Admiralty's boast that they would destroy them all. At
391:, to invite Geddes and his three-man team over for two days in August 1916 to advise on transportation. Haig was so impressed that the visit was extended to a month and then Geddes was appointed Director General of Military Railways and Inspector-General of Transportation with the rank of
448:
naval correspondent, Sir
Archibald Hurd, later wrote of Geddes and Lloyd George, "No men more ignorant of naval affairs were ever associated together than the Prime Minister and Geddes". Convoying was turning the tide. Geddes appointed the Belfast shipbuilder
418:. He was given control of British shipbuilding, charged with making up for as many of the losses as possible. He found the Admiralty in disarray and wrote to his friend Field Marshal Haig about the lack of drive. On 19 June 1917 First Sea Lord
489:
In 1921, Geddes chaired the
Committee on National Expenditure which proposed heavy cuts in public expenditure to match falling national income, and the austerity policy became known as the
493:. A notable feature of the recommendations involved army cuts: in personnel by 50,000 men from 210,000, and in funding by 20 million pounds from an existing army estimate of 75 million.
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war's end the world supply of shipping was larger than it had been at the outset, thanks to the growth of the
Japanese and American merchant fleets. It was a great Allied victory.
1932:
1912:
469:
Lloyd George's evaluation was that Geddes was "... one of the most remarkable men which the State called to its aid ..." He left the
Admiralty in January 1919 and was made a
473:. Lloyd George then asked him to organise a new Ministry of Transport. Until the bill setting up this new office was passed in May 1919, Geddes remained in the cabinet as
687:"The city of Cambridge: Parliamentary representation Pages 68-76 A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely: Volume 3, the City and University of Cambridge"
1927:
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politician. With a background in railways, he served as head of
Military Transportation on the Western Front, with the rank of major-general. He then served as
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268:
39:
1947:
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When enacted, the public expenditure cuts depressed the economy further. Geddes resigned from the government and the
Commons in 1922, becoming director of
1962:
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1588:
1553:
1368:
395:. They got the ports and railways working efficiently and built light railways to bring materials to the front. He was knighted in 1916 and appointed a
425:
On 6 July 1917 Geddes, strongly recommended by Haig, returned to civilian life as First Lord of the
Admiralty. To serve he had to be a member of the
1967:
422:
confessed to the War
Cabinet that they were losing. Haig and Geddes breakfasted with Lloyd George to demand a new administration in the Admiralty.
438:
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Geddes married
Gwendolen, daughter of Reverend A. Stokes, in 1900. They had three sons, including Sir Reay Geddes, former chairman of the
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unleashed unrestricted attacks in February 1917. As the British merchant fleet was suffering, Lloyd George transferred Geddes to the
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532:'Sir Eric Geddes: Business & Government in War & Peace', by Keith Grieves (Pub. Manchester University Press, 1989).
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between 1919 and 1921, in which position he was responsible for the deep public spending cuts known as the "
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Geddes, Baron, The forging of a family. London: Faber & Faber, 1952 p. 124, pp.201-205, pp.221-250.
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Lloyd George, David (1938). "The Ministry of Munitions: Establishment and Labour Problems".
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516:. Eric Geddes died in June 1937, at the age of 61, after several years of declining health.
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of £50,000 at the end of the war. He was briefly considered as a possible chairman of the
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in 1917. He was promoted to inspector general of transportation in all theatres of war.
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Geddes then spent 2½ years drifting between jobs like lumberjack and steelworker in the
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Geddes was one of the "men of push and go" brought into government service by
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when that was formed at the end of 1922, but the choice fell to
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as controller-general of merchant shipbuilding, and brought
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Sir Eric Geddes: Business and Government in War and Peace
1933:
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
1913:
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
609:"25 years of the NER 1898–1922". R. Bell. Publisher:
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Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
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Field Marshall Sir Henry Wilson. A Political Soldier
308:, Geddes was a son of Auckland Campbell Geddes, of
1928:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
660:A History of the LNER: 1. The First Years, 1923-33
736:. London: Hutchinson & Co. Ltd. p. 139.
461:science: they worked with the French to develop
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1948:People educated at Merchiston Castle School
806:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
471:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
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1963:People educated at Oxford Military College
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834:contributions in Parliament by Eric Geddes
676:, Stroud: Fonthill Media, 2014, Chapter. 5
477:. In May 1919, he was appointed the first
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397:Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath
782:. Oxford University Press. p. 277.
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693:. Victoria County History, 1959
316:. Among his siblings were Dr.
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16:British politician (1875–1937)
1:
721:. 20 July 1917. p. 7337.
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1923:First Lords of the Admiralty
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1524:The Viscount Lee of Fareham
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843:20th Century Press Archives
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563:"Geddes, Sir Eric Campbell"
389:British Expeditionary Force
346:Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
286:First Lord of the Admiralty
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1178:The Viscount Torrington
1123:The Earl of Bridgewater
802:Grieves, Keith (1989).
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1973:Lords of the Admiralty
1953:British businesspeople
1805:Dunlop Sport Australia
1559:Sir Austen Chamberlain
1549:The Viscount Bridgeman
1449:The Earl of Northbrook
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1409:Sir John Pakington, Bt
1389:Sir Francis Baring, Bt
1374:The Earl of Haddington
1299:The Earl of St Vincent
1213:The Earl of Winchilsea
1188:The Earl of Winchilsea
1098:The Earl of Torrington
1093:The Earl of Nottingham
868:Controller of the Navy
691:British History Online
1758:Dunlop Aircraft Tyres
1619:The Viscount Hailsham
1459:The Marquess of Ripon
1344:The Viscount Melville
1334:The Viscount Melville
1304:The Viscount Melville
1292:of the United Kingdom
1163:The Earl of Strafford
1113:The Viscount Falkland
1000:Minister of Transport
514:Dunlop Rubber Company
479:Minister of Transport
378:Minister of Munitions
350:North Eastern Railway
324:. He was educated at
290:Minister of Transport
126:Minister of Transport
1569:Sir Samuel Hoare, Bt
1564:The Viscount Monsell
1479:The Earl of Selborne
1464:Lord George Hamilton
1454:Lord George Hamilton
1414:The Duke of Somerset
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1399:Sir James Graham, Bt
1384:The Earl of Auckland
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1253:The Earl of Sandwich
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1233:The Earl of Sandwich
1198:The Earl of Sandwich
1173:The Earl of Berkeley
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902:Member of Parliament
318:Mona Chalmers Watson
26:The Right Honourable
1795:BTR Aerospace Group
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1624:The Earl of Selkirk
1489:The Lord Tweedmouth
1444:William Henry Smith
1278:The Earl of Chatham
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1193:The Duke of Bedford
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1083:The Lord Cottington
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611:The Railway Gazette
485:Austerity programme
455:William Henry Bragg
444:The Daily Telegraph
429:and was elected in
387:, Commander of the
1614:Viscount Cilcennin
1238:The Earl of Egmont
1168:The Earl of Orford
1153:The Earl of Orford
1118:The Earl of Orford
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1263:The Viscount Howe
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855:Military offices
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107:Sir Edward Carson
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248:
244:
243:
238:
234:
233:
228:
224:
223:
222:(aged 61)
216:
212:
211:
197:
193:
192:
188:
187:
184:
183:
178:
172:
171:
168:
162:
161:
156:
154:Prime Minister
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
129:
128:
122:
121:
116:
110:
109:
104:
98:
97:
92:
90:Prime Minister
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
65:
64:
58:
57:
54:
53:
45:
44:
33:
30:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1985:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1869:
1868:Dunlop Volley
1866:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1691:
1690:Dunlop Rubber
1688:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1670:
1665:
1663:
1658:
1656:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1609:Lord Pakenham
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1429:Hugh Childers
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1011:
1002:
1001:
995:
991:
988:
987:
980:
973:
972:
965:
959:
955:
946:
945:
938:
932:
927:
923:
916:
912:
908:
907:
903:
896:
895:Almeric Paget
890:
887:
883:
879:
870:
869:
858:
853:
848:
844:
840:
837:
835:
831:
830:
826:
825:
815:
809:
805:
800:
799:
791:
785:
781:
777:
771:
763:
756:
749:
743:
735:
728:
720:
719:
714:
708:
692:
688:
682:
675:
669:
661:
654:
646:
644:0-7110-0495-1
640:
636:
632:
628:
622:
620:
612:
606:
600:
599:1-85109-420-2
596:
590:
581:
579:
570:
569:
564:
551:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
529:
525:
517:
515:
505:
503:
499:
498:Dunlop Rubber
494:
492:
482:
480:
476:
472:
467:
464:
460:
456:
452:
447:
445:
440:
439:Privy Council
436:
432:
431:a by-election
428:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
404:
402:
398:
394:
393:major general
390:
386:
382:
379:
375:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
342:United States
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
306:British India
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
274:
270:
266:
262:
253:
249:
245:
242:
239:
235:
232:
229:
225:
217:
213:
210:
209:British India
198:
194:
189:
185:
182:
179:
173:
169:
163:
160:
157:
151:
148:
145:
141:
135:
130:
127:
123:
120:
117:
111:
108:
105:
99:
96:
93:
87:
84:
81:
77:
71:
66:
63:
59:
55:
51:
46:
41:
37:
27:
22:
19:
1839:
1753:Dunlop Tyres
1748:Dunlop Sport
1513:
998:
993:
984:
978:
969:
942:
900:
866:
827:
803:
779:
770:
761:
755:
747:
742:
733:
727:
716:
707:
695:. Retrieved
690:
681:
673:
668:
659:
653:
630:
610:
605:
589:
566:
528:
511:
495:
488:
468:
442:
424:
416:vice-admiral
405:
385:Douglas Haig
371:
339:
303:
282:Conservative
260:
259:
241:Conservative
220:(1937-06-22)
218:22 June 1937
176:Succeeded by
133:
114:Succeeded by
69:
18:
1958:Anglo-Scots
1898:1937 deaths
1893:1875 births
1840:Eric Geddes
1723:Oriel House
1718:Fort Dunlop
1693:(1889–1985)
1574:Duff Cooper
1519:Walter Long
954:Walter Long
832:1803–2005:
713:"No. 30192"
697:26 December
451:Lord Pirrie
406:The German
372:During the
227:Nationality
166:Preceded by
119:Walter Long
102:Preceded by
31:Eric Geddes
1887:Categories
1774:Mackintosh
1711:Facilities
1056:of England
520:References
491:Geddes Axe
294:Geddes Axe
202:1875-09-26
170:New office
1779:Slazenger
1539:Leo Amery
994:New title
906:Cambridge
862:New title
635:Ian Allan
629:(1974) .
435:Cambridge
412:Admiralty
310:Edinburgh
134:In office
70:In office
1849:Products
1534:Anderson
778:(2008).
420:Jellicoe
314:Scotland
304:Born in
147:George V
83:George V
1788:Defunct
1741:Current
913:–
845:of the
841:in the
829:Hansard
278:British
231:British
143:Monarch
79:Monarch
1823:People
1767:Former
1734:brands
1676:Dunlop
979:Vacant
810:
786:
641:
597:
559:
508:Family
247:Spouse
1863:KT-26
1856:Shoes
975:1919
872:1917
463:sonar
271:
267:
38:
1529:Wood
915:1922
911:1917
904:for
808:ISBN
784:ISBN
699:2022
639:ISBN
595:ISBN
433:for
399:and
328:and
320:and
215:Died
196:Born
847:ZBW
296:".
269:GBE
265:GCB
40:GBE
36:GCB
28:Sir
1889::
715:.
689:.
618:^
577:^
565:.
537:^
504:.
446:'s
364:.
312:,
273:PC
1668:e
1661:t
1654:v
1041:e
1034:t
1027:v
816:.
792:.
701:.
647:.
613:.
204:)
200:(
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