588:
of security at and on the way to school, teacher shortages, discriminatory teenage pregnancy policies, illegal use of corporal punishment, and poor sanitation facilities in schools across the
Western Cape. These high school students investigated and raised awareness to mobilize community members to march, protest, and demand action from their education and government officials. Learners recognized that the prevalent issues affecting access to quality education in their communities needed systemic solutions from local and regional education and government authorities. In October 2013, Equalisers conducted an initial investigation of the state of infrastructure conditions at their respective schools by surveying and interviewing their peers and teachers. The findings from this research showed sanitary conditions needed to meet the standards the Western Cape Education Department (WCED) set up. In addition to mass mobilization and organizing strategies to protest and request urgent action from government and education officials, students committed to improving sanitation in schools themselves. In this intense campaign and mobilization period, over 3,000 learners and parents marched on the provincial legislature to deliver a set of demands to the Western Cape MEC for Education, Debbie Debbie Schafer, on 31 October 2014. The combination of localized and regional action won several small victories. However, it proved extremely challenging for the movement to simultaneously develop and sustain powerful campaigns for these many issues.
546:
in
January 2013 is a tragic reminder of the urgency of improving school sanitation. According to the Department of Basic Education’s National Education Infrastructure Management System (NEIMS) 2014 report, nearly half of all schools use pit toilets, and nearly 500 schools have no sanitation facilities. In August 2013, Equalisers in Tembisa, a township outside of Johannesburg in Gauteng province, launched the Gauteng Sanitation Campaign; they vowed not to stop the campaign until all students enjoyed safe and dignified sanitation facilities in their schools. Since the campaign launch, EE has conducted one of the largest social audits in South Africa, organized a march of 2,000 Equal Education (EE) members, and picketed and protested to improve school infrastructure. The campaign included EE student members (“Equalisers”), EE parent members, churches, and community organizations in over 20 townships in all regions of Gauteng, including Ekurhuleni, Johannesburg, Tshwane, Sedibeng, and the West Rand.
422:
466:
an inquiry headed by retired judge Kathy
Satchwell. However, one of the three panel members, former United Nations’ Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women Rashida Manjoo, distanced herself from the findings and submitted a dissenting report. None of those against whom allegations were made remained involved in Equal Education. However, the chairperson of the EE council from 2020 to 2022 was a close friend of Doron Isaacs' brother and Paula Ensor's son, Michael Mbikiwa, is a member of the board of trustees of the Equal Education Law Centre.
256:
1049:
3775:
1696:
480:
132:
66:
25:
567:
lack of retention in schools. Teachers recognized a need for more scholar transport services, resulting in students dropping out, being tired in class, and missing school days. Students weathered rainstorms and violent attacks on the walk to school. On rainy days, teachers said only about 5% to 10% of students attended classes due to a lack of safe and reliable modes of transportation.
554:
Crisis
Coalition. The coalition conducted a social audit over the coming months, reporting their results and recommendations in Fix Our Schools! The Schools Social Audit Summit. The report stated menstrual hygiene as an area of concern, exposing a lack of properly maintained sanitation facilities and freely available feminine hygiene products, resulting in girl learners missing school.
449:
instrumental to the reform of feeder zone policies which entrench segregation. They have also prevented schools being unlawfully closed, and worked towards schools remaining democratic and inclusive spaces when new school policies are introduced. Additionally, Equal
Education has campaigned and secured improvements to countless specific schools across South Africa.
433:, EE successfully petitioned the government to fix the windows. Beginning in 2009, EE campaigned for a national policy on school libraries with the aim of one library and librarian for every South African school. By 2011, it sought to have schools' infrastructure fixed, including bathrooms and electricity. According to a case consortium study published by
441:
country. EE members have marched, written letters, held night vigils, met with government officials and public representatives, advocated in the media, made submissions to
Parliament and, where necessary, taken legal action with the assistance of the Equal Education Law Centre (EELC), to deliver major victories for learners across South Africa.
550:
fixed or replaced school toilets, taps, pipes, and basins; some schools received new toilet blocks altogether. Politicians and government officials throughout the GDE have spoken out on the need for principals and School
Governing Bodies to maintain sanitation facilities better, even issuing a new manual to guide schools on how to do this.
405:(EE) is a democratic movement of learners, post-school youth, parents and community members striving for quality and equality in the South African education system through activism and research. Equal Education aims to build understanding of the education system, while drawing attention to problems faced by schools and their communities.
571:(Stats SA). In November 2017, the Department of Basic Education (DBE) reported that KZN plans to transport only 53% of learners needing scholar transport in the 2017/18 financial year, the lowest in the country by far. On average, the remaining provinces will transport 91% of learners in need in the same financial year.
587:
Equalizers in youth groups in
Khayelitsha, Kraaifontein, Nyanga, Strand, and the Southern Suburbs of Cape Town have organized to remedy and adequately address systemic problems affecting the quality of education they receive at school since 2013. Learners identified rampant problems related to a lack
549:
In response to this campaign, the
Gauteng Department of Education (GDE) allocated R750 million to fix 578 schools, serving about 500,000 students across the province, and the R150 million initially allocated to upgrade facilities in Tembisa following EE’s demands. In 2014/2015, government contractors
557:
Since the 2014/2015 sanitation facilitation upgrades by the GDE, EE has advocated for improved policy and transparency around school sanitation facilities. In 2018, they published
Breaking the Cycle, uncovering the main issues in procuring contractors and maintaining sanitation facilities to improve
545:
A lack of proper sanitation in schools seriously hinders students’ ability to learn effectively, infringing on their safety and security, causing illness, and violating their dignity. The death of five-year-old Grade R learner Michael Komape at a pit toilet at his school in Chebeng Village, Limpopo,
553:
In light of this renewed effort to improve school infrastructure, EE conducted a province-wide audit to evaluate and monitor the implementation of sanitation upgrades by mobilizing community members. In August 2015, community members and organizations partnered and established the Gauteng Education
465:
In 2018, current and former staff members of Equal Education made allegations of sexual harassment against co-founder Doron Isaacs and also alleged that board members - Zackie Achmat, Paula Ensor and Nathan Geffen - had participated in a 'cover up'. All those accused were subsequently exonerated by
574:
Scholar transport is an important part of the right to basic education. When learners can access free and reliable scholar transport, they can get to school safely and on time and use their energy to concentrate on classes. The shortcoming of KZN Department of Transport (DoT) and KZN Department of
566:
In July 2014, Equalisers in Nquthu, KwaZulu Natal, raised long walks to school as an impediment to receiving a quality education. Students, teachers, and administrators identified long distances learners walked to arrive at school as the main cause of tardiness, absenteeism, attention deficit, and
440:
In 2018, Equal Education celebrated its 10th year of organizing. Over these 10 years, EE has managed to put education on the national agenda, mobilize young people who are directly affected by education challenges, and become one of the leading grassroots voices on education related matters in the
413:
In 2008, activists and education experts met to discuss issues of inequality in South Africa’s education system. They recognized the need to mobilise communities and organise around key issues centering young people. This vision led to the formation of the democratic, membership-based organisation
578:
Equal Education (EE) and the Equal Education Law Centre (EELC) have been working to provide all qualifying students with access to scholar transport by conducting research, demanding sufficient resolutions from the KZN Department of Transport and KZN Department of Education (DoE) through raising
570:
Although learners across South Africa face long walks to school, KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) has the greatest need for scholar transport. Around 483,633 learners in KZN walk more than half an hour in one direction to school daily, according to the 2016 General Household Survey by Statistics South Africa
417:
In March 2008, the first youth meeting was held in Khayelitsha with seven students in attendance. Since this initial youth group meeting, the number of members has risen to 6000, who gather every week in five provinces, engaged in political education, and leading the struggle to bring equal and
448:
EE has won tangible victories in schools, securing school infrastructure regulations, billions in government funding for infrastructure, a scholar transport policy and scholar transport to over 3000 learners. EE has defended the rights of students who faced exclusionary policies, and been
453:
Equal Education recognizes the intersectionality of socio-economic rights; thus, the social movement has joined and contributed to social justice struggles beyond education, defending hard-won democratic and constitutional gains across South Africa.
437:, EE transformed into "a nationally recognized activist organization" by 2012, and reached 5,000 members by 2014. Its power came from its young participants who largely were secondary school students as well as people 25 years old or younger.
579:
awareness, marching, protesting, picketing, and taking legal action. Equaliser also released a documentary film demonstrating the long walks scholars take to attend schools and the many challenges they face on this road.
646:
444:
Equal Education has been involved in education activism for fourteen years, leading successful campaigns for school infrastructure, scholar transportation, access to sanitation and libraries.
3584:
844:
750:
1732:
657:
2362:
975:
806:
701:
429:
EE first campaigned for repairing Luhlaza Secondary School's 500 damaged windows. Through its grassroots approach and collaboration with experienced activists like
3799:
575:
Education (DoE) to provide learners with adequate transportation to school safely injures students' access to their constitutionally guaranteed quality education.
76:
1653:
3804:
3151:
1658:
3809:
2609:
2313:
3754:
3688:
3761:
1296:
3256:
2529:
2320:
1725:
1191:
2027:
3570:
3549:
3410:
2327:
1235:
3172:
2522:
1339:
968:
1028:
897:
3088:
3004:
2459:
2438:
1280:
1060:
3542:
2408:
2369:
91:
686:
3779:
3221:
2577:
2198:
1718:
935:
3605:
3466:
3389:
2679:
1638:
1147:
875:
3747:
3535:
3270:
2602:
1633:
1272:
961:
836:
3528:
3375:
3333:
3081:
2962:
2545:
2080:
2018:
1329:
1155:
602:
3626:
3591:
3109:
2306:
1451:
1102:
196:
3500:
3067:
2161:
1456:
168:
3716:
3507:
3417:
3039:
1229:
814:
3653:
3598:
3514:
3361:
3025:
2588:
2255:
2225:
1317:
3612:
3577:
3521:
3046:
3011:
2700:
2149:
2138:
1567:
1252:
1197:
175:
3396:
3263:
3242:
3200:
2742:
2415:
1700:
1683:
1376:
1247:
527:
233:
215:
113:
52:
509:
3326:
3165:
2334:
2248:
2191:
1391:
1223:
501:
149:
38:
3556:
3319:
3235:
3116:
3102:
3074:
2341:
2285:
1668:
1241:
1092:
182:
95:
2494:
1003:
3305:
3214:
2969:
2728:
1122:
505:
153:
3459:
3445:
3368:
3249:
3207:
3186:
3060:
2623:
2269:
1991:
1033:
2501:
457:
As a democratic movement, EE’s National Council are elected at a national Congress, held every three years.
164:
3723:
3667:
3493:
3382:
3354:
3291:
2983:
2841:
1267:
1185:
1097:
1038:
998:
777:
2508:
3660:
3563:
3438:
3347:
3193:
2552:
1673:
1643:
1560:
1481:
3130:
2651:
2559:
2515:
2292:
2170:
2069:
1613:
1446:
1386:
1137:
1117:
1107:
687:"The 500 Windows Campaign: A Case Study of a Youth Movement for Educational Resources in South Africa"
3674:
3312:
3144:
3137:
3095:
2809:
2756:
2644:
2595:
2376:
2034:
1678:
1603:
1334:
1312:
1302:
1087:
597:
421:
1048:
3486:
2749:
2401:
1648:
1623:
1411:
1291:
1208:
1112:
984:
490:
3123:
3018:
2885:
2735:
2616:
2348:
2131:
2041:
1663:
1493:
905:
494:
142:
1013:
2693:
2658:
1860:
1436:
1165:
1023:
3228:
3158:
3053:
2948:
2802:
2452:
2232:
2145:
1940:
1760:
1608:
1593:
1401:
1307:
1082:
721:
189:
2976:
2862:
2630:
2566:
2299:
2062:
2055:
2007:
1790:
1553:
927:
44:
8:
3431:
3403:
3277:
2795:
2788:
2721:
2686:
2637:
2117:
1924:
1546:
1426:
1371:
1349:
1077:
1018:
867:
653:
434:
83:
647:"Fighting for Equality in Education: Student Activism in Post----apartheid South Africa"
2124:
1525:
1499:
3709:
3695:
3032:
2848:
2672:
2262:
1852:
1782:
1598:
1518:
713:
1710:
1008:
3633:
2997:
2707:
2487:
2177:
1932:
1900:
1836:
1628:
1487:
1324:
1203:
705:
2955:
2869:
2763:
2431:
2355:
2276:
2000:
1884:
1876:
1868:
1844:
1588:
1474:
1441:
1396:
1357:
255:
3702:
3424:
3298:
2941:
2855:
2538:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2184:
2110:
1956:
1916:
1406:
1213:
1127:
425:
Equal Education members protest for equal and quality education in South Africa
87:
622:
3793:
3619:
3340:
2445:
2424:
2394:
2387:
2096:
1431:
1416:
1218:
1180:
1132:
717:
430:
1381:
3284:
2893:
2714:
2665:
1828:
1742:
1618:
953:
736:
2877:
1820:
1539:
282:
3452:
2990:
2103:
2048:
1908:
1892:
709:
2911:
2902:
2833:
2239:
2216:
2205:
1532:
1421:
1175:
479:
131:
3681:
3179:
2824:
1948:
1805:
2089:
394:
2816:
1972:
1751:
694:
InterActions: UCLA Journal of Education and Information Studies
582:
776:
Akoob, Rumaana; Allison, Simon; Collison, Carl (18 May 2018).
1964:
561:
807:"Independent inquiry clears former Equal Education leaders"
371:
Zanele Modise (Head of Province: Limpopo and KwaZulu-Natal)
356:
Samantha Waterhouse (Senior Operations Operations Manager)
702:
UCLA Graduate School of Education and Information Studies
868:"Happy New Year from the Joburg family (minus Jonathan)"
837:"Media statement: Equal Education 4th national Congress"
1740:
368:
Itumeleng Mothlabane (Head of Province: Eastern Cape)
365:
Nontsikelelo Dlulami (Head of Province: Western Cape)
775:
94:, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a
156:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
680:
678:
3791:
1297:People Against Suffering, Oppression and Poverty
460:
3800:Educational organisations based in South Africa
2530:Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre
1192:Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa
675:
540:
3805:Educational organizations established in 2008
1726:
969:
640:
638:
636:
983:
583:Western Cape: Safety and Sanitation Campaign
1236:South African Liberal Students' Association
508:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1733:
1719:
976:
962:
633:
374:Tevin Mahlangu (Head of Province: Gauteng)
254:
3810:Student organizations established in 2008
562:Kwazulu Natal: Scholar Transport Campaign
528:Learn how and when to remove this message
344:Tebogo Tsesane (Deputy General Secretary)
234:Learn how and when to remove this message
216:Learn how and when to remove this message
114:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:Equal Education (EE) is a social movement
2603:Reconstruction and Development Programme
865:
420:
362:Jay-Dee Booysen (Manager Communications)
2199:1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike
644:
3792:
2680:2012 Western Cape farm workers' strike
684:
341:Noncedo Madubedube (General Secretary)
75:contains content that is written like
1714:
957:
866:McClaren, Daniel (31 December 2016).
804:
1230:People Against Gangsterism and Drugs
800:
798:
506:adding citations to reliable sources
473:
353:Peter Mwewa (Senior Finance Manager)
154:adding citations to reliable sources
125:
59:
18:
2610:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
2256:Coloured-vote constitutional crisis
1318:Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign
847:from the original on 2 October 2022
778:"NGO's sexual harassment woes grow"
418:quality education to South Africa.
13:
1253:Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front
1198:Congress of South African Students
1047:
938:from the original on 16 April 2023
878:from the original on 16 April 2023
359:Elizabeth Biney (Head of Research)
14:
3821:
3762:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
3397:South African Party (Cape Colony)
904:. 8 December 2007. Archived from
805:Kings, Sipho (29 November 2018).
795:
558:Gauteng's school infrastructure.
34:This article has multiple issues.
3774:
3773:
1695:
1694:
1488:"Dubul' ibhunu" (Shoot the Boer)
1224:Lesbian and Gay Equality Project
478:
130:
64:
23:
3411:South African Party (1977–1980)
3404:South African Party (1911–1934)
3320:Progressive Party (Cape Colony)
3117:Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners
1242:South African Students Congress
920:
347:Zamaswazi Madonsela (Treasurer)
141:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
2729:2019 service delivery protests
2715:#FeesMustFall student protests
2460:1983 constitutional referendum
1156:South Africa political parties
890:
859:
829:
769:
743:
685:Angara, Harini (31 May 2011).
615:
395:https://equaleducation.org.za/
350:Sindisa Monakali (Chairperson)
1:
3187:Johannesburg Reform Committee
2416:Israel–South Africa Agreement
1809:
1794:
1771:
1764:
1392:(Don't) touch me on my studio
1248:South African Wine Initiative
608:
461:Sexual harassment controversy
414:called Equal Education (EE).
2842:Black Consciousness Movement
2596:Government of National Unity
1340:Unemployed Peoples' Movement
1186:Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging
541:Gauteng: Sanitation Campaign
469:
7:
2553:Saint James Church massacre
2439:Weapons of mass destruction
1568:No Land! No House! No Vote!
1482:No Land! No House! No Vote!
645:Smalley, Eric (July 2014).
591:
10:
3826:
2293:1957 Alexandra bus boycott
2171:South West Africa campaign
2070:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
2035:French Huguenot settlement
408:
3771:
3748:African National Congress
3737:
3643:
3476:
3208:Liberal Party (1953–1968)
2931:
2922:
2780:
2576:
2546:1992 apartheid referendum
2215:
2160:
2079:
2017:
1990:
1983:
1749:
1692:
1581:
1508:
1466:
1365:
1348:
1335:Treatment Action Campaign
1313:Landless Peoples Movement
1281:South Africa trade unions
1266:
1163:
1146:
1070:
1059:
1045:
991:
755:www.equaleducation.com.za
627:www.equaleducation.org.za
598:Treatment Action Campaign
390:
380:
333:
323:
313:
303:
289:
278:
270:
262:
253:
3201:Labour Party (1969–1994)
3194:Labour Party (1910–1958)
2750:2020 Phala Phala Robbery
2708:#RhodesMustFall protests
2307:1960 republic referendum
1654:Political assassinations
1330:Social Justice Coalition
1292:Mandela Park Backyarders
985:Politics of South Africa
603:Social Justice Coalition
3646:terrorist organisations
2736:2019 Johannesburg riots
2349:Constructive engagement
2314:International isolation
2132:Witwatersrand Gold Rush
1494:One Settler, One Bullet
751:"equaleducation.org.za"
2659:Attack on Kennedy Road
2270:Congress of the People
1861:South African Republic
1452:Anti-Chinese sentiment
1437:White monopoly capital
1303:Poor People's Alliance
1053:
426:
3229:Natal Indian Congress
2949:Afrikaner Broederbond
2803:Afrikaner nationalism
2589:1994 general election
2560:Bophuthatswana crisis
2453:Church Street bombing
2233:Apartheid legislation
2226:1948 general election
2146:South Africa Act 1909
1941:Union of South Africa
1761:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
1741:Political history of
1639:Legacies of apartheid
1500:"Each One, Teach One"
1457:Anti-Indian sentiment
1402:Proudly South African
1308:Abahlali baseMjondolo
1083:Afrikaner nationalism
1051:
424:
96:neutral point of view
2863:Greater South Africa
2701:2014 platinum strike
2567:Shell House massacre
2495:Transkei coup d'Ă©tat
2300:Sharpeville massacre
2063:Battle of Blaauwberg
2056:Battle of Muizenberg
2008:Battle of Salt River
1791:Mthethwa Paramountcy
1659:Political repression
1554:Long Walk to Freedom
1052:Flag of South Africa
908:on 20 September 2020
629:. 23 September 2022.
502:improve this section
150:improve this article
3755:Democratic Alliance
2932:Civic and political
2796:Afrikaner Calvinism
2789:African nationalism
2638:African Renaissance
2328:UNSC Resolution 591
2249:Internal resistance
2150:National Convention
2118:Transvaal Civil War
2042:Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars
1925:Orange River Colony
1649:Phala Phala robbery
1547:I Write What I Like
1372:African Renaissance
1098:Black consciousness
1078:African nationalism
928:"Board of Trustees"
817:on 30 November 2018
727:on 27 February 2021
663:on 27 February 2021
654:Columbia University
435:Columbia University
250:
88:promotional content
2502:Ciskei coup d'Ă©tat
2321:UN Resolution 1761
2286:Women's March 1956
2139:South African Wars
2125:Mineral Revolution
1054:
757:. 27 February 2018
710:10.5070/D472000696
427:
329:Noncedo Madubedube
315:Official language
248:
90:and inappropriate
3787:
3786:
3740:political parties
3733:
3732:
3710:Orde van die Dood
3327:Progressive Party
3033:Congress Alliance
2849:Cape Independence
2781:Political culture
2776:
2775:
2743:COVID-19 pandemic
2673:Marikana massacre
2509:Venda coup d'Ă©tat
2263:Defiance Campaign
1853:Orange Free State
1783:Dutch Cape Colony
1708:
1707:
1599:Cape Independence
1577:
1576:
1519:African Communist
1475:Amandla Ngawethu!
1377:Alternative media
1366:Political culture
1358:South African law
1262:
1261:
1148:Political parties
934:. 16 April 2023.
898:"Dean to cap son"
811:Mail and Guardian
782:Mail and Guardian
538:
537:
530:
400:
399:
325:General secretary
319:English, isiXhosa
244:
243:
236:
226:
225:
218:
200:
165:"Equal Education"
124:
123:
116:
57:
3817:
3777:
3776:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3644:Paramilitary and
3636:
3634:Umkosi Wezintaba
3629:
3622:
3615:
3608:
3601:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3489:
3479:social movements
3477:Trade unions and
3469:
3462:
3455:
3448:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2998:Boerestaat Party
2993:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2944:
2929:
2928:
2915:
2906:
2897:
2888:
2881:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2828:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2769:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2488:Dakar Conference
2483:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2418:
2411:
2409:Israeli alliance
2404:
2397:
2390:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2363:Sporting boycott
2358:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2335:Academic boycott
2330:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2192:Great Depression
2187:
2180:
2178:Maritz rebellion
2173:
2153:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2028:Dutch settlement
2010:
2003:
2001:Bantu migrations
1988:
1987:
1976:
1968:
1960:
1952:
1944:
1936:
1933:Transvaal Colony
1928:
1920:
1912:
1904:
1901:Nieuwe Republiek
1896:
1888:
1880:
1872:
1864:
1856:
1848:
1840:
1837:Natalia Republic
1832:
1824:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1806:Ndwandwe Kingdom
1801:
1799:
1796:
1786:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1712:
1711:
1698:
1697:
1634:Land occupations
1629:Labour brokering
1561:Molotov Cocktail
1464:
1463:
1325:Reclaim the City
1273:Social movements
1204:Earthlife Africa
1103:Environmentalism
1068:
1067:
978:
971:
964:
955:
954:
948:
947:
945:
943:
924:
918:
917:
915:
913:
894:
888:
887:
885:
883:
863:
857:
856:
854:
852:
833:
827:
826:
824:
822:
813:. Archived from
802:
793:
792:
790:
788:
773:
767:
766:
764:
762:
747:
741:
740:
734:
732:
726:
720:. Archived from
691:
682:
673:
672:
670:
668:
662:
656:. Archived from
651:
642:
631:
630:
619:
533:
526:
522:
519:
513:
482:
474:
450:
258:
251:
247:
239:
232:
221:
214:
210:
207:
201:
199:
158:
134:
126:
119:
112:
108:
105:
99:
77:an advertisement
68:
67:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3767:
3760:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3145:HNP (Herstigte)
3143:
3138:HNP (Herenigde)
3136:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2961:
2956:Afrikaner Party
2954:
2947:
2940:
2933:
2924:
2918:
2909:
2900:
2891:
2884:
2875:
2870:Honorary whites
2868:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2831:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2772:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2631:Soweto bombings
2629:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2432:Soweto Uprising
2430:
2423:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2356:Tar Baby Option
2354:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:Freedom Charter
2275:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2156:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1979:
1971:
1963:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1931:
1923:
1915:
1907:
1899:
1891:
1883:
1877:Griqualand West
1875:
1869:Griqualand East
1867:
1859:
1851:
1843:
1835:
1827:
1819:
1812:
1804:
1797:
1789:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1759:
1745:
1739:
1709:
1704:
1688:
1669:Sexual violence
1589:Corrective rape
1573:
1510:
1504:
1462:
1442:Ungovernability
1397:Freedom Charter
1361:
1344:
1287:Equal Education
1271:
1258:
1167:
1159:
1142:
1062:
1055:
1043:
987:
982:
952:
951:
941:
939:
926:
925:
921:
911:
909:
896:
895:
891:
881:
879:
864:
860:
850:
848:
841:Equal Education
835:
834:
830:
820:
818:
803:
796:
786:
784:
774:
770:
760:
758:
749:
748:
744:
730:
728:
724:
689:
683:
676:
666:
664:
660:
649:
643:
634:
621:
620:
616:
611:
594:
585:
564:
543:
534:
523:
517:
514:
499:
483:
472:
463:
447:
411:
403:Equal Education
383:
336:
326:
316:
306:
299:
274:Social movement
249:Equal Education
240:
229:
228:
227:
222:
211:
205:
202:
159:
157:
147:
135:
120:
109:
103:
100:
81:
69:
65:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3823:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3785:
3784:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3743:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3703:Ossewabrandwag
3699:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3649:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3630:
3623:
3616:
3609:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3511:
3504:
3497:
3490:
3482:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3463:
3456:
3449:
3446:Unionist Party
3442:
3435:
3428:
3425:Torch Commando
3421:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3393:
3386:
3379:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3351:
3344:
3337:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3299:Orde Boerevolk
3295:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3075:DP (1989–2000)
3071:
3068:DP (1973–1977)
3064:
3061:Dominion Party
3057:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2942:Afrikaner Bond
2937:
2935:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2907:
2898:
2889:
2882:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2856:Day of the Vow
2852:
2845:
2838:
2829:
2820:
2813:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2624:Floor crossing
2620:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2584:
2582:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2539:Bisho massacre
2535:
2534:
2533:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2481:Operation Vula
2477:
2474:Rubicon speech
2470:
2467:Langa massacre
2463:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2373:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2229:
2221:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2185:Rand Rebellion
2181:
2174:
2166:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2111:Boer Republics
2107:
2100:
2093:
2085:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2023:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2004:
1996:
1994:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1969:
1961:
1957:Bophuthatswana
1953:
1945:
1937:
1929:
1921:
1917:Klein Vrystaat
1913:
1905:
1897:
1889:
1881:
1873:
1865:
1857:
1849:
1841:
1833:
1825:
1817:
1802:
1787:
1779:
1756:
1754:
1747:
1746:
1738:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1715:
1706:
1705:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1514:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1490:
1485:
1478:
1470:
1468:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1417:Tenderpreneurs
1414:
1409:
1407:Rainbow nation
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1354:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1300:
1294:
1289:
1277:
1275:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1250:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1216:
1214:Khanya College
1211:
1206:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1178:
1172:
1170:
1161:
1160:
1152:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1128:Pan-Africanism
1125:
1123:Libertarianism
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1074:
1072:
1065:
1057:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
995:
993:
989:
988:
981:
980:
973:
966:
958:
950:
949:
919:
889:
858:
843:. 2 May 2022.
828:
794:
768:
742:
674:
632:
623:"Our Movement"
613:
612:
610:
607:
606:
605:
600:
593:
590:
584:
581:
563:
560:
542:
539:
536:
535:
518:September 2023
486:
484:
477:
471:
468:
462:
459:
410:
407:
398:
397:
392:
388:
387:
384:
381:
378:
377:
376:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
337:
334:
331:
330:
327:
324:
321:
320:
317:
314:
311:
310:
307:
304:
301:
300:
298:
297:
293:
291:
287:
286:
285:, South Africa
280:
276:
275:
272:
268:
267:
264:
260:
259:
242:
241:
224:
223:
206:September 2023
138:
136:
129:
122:
121:
92:external links
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3822:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3782:
3781:
3770:
3763:
3759:
3756:
3752:
3749:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3736:
3725:
3721:
3718:
3714:
3711:
3707:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3693:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3679:
3676:
3672:
3669:
3665:
3662:
3658:
3655:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3642:
3635:
3631:
3628:
3624:
3621:
3620:Die Spoorbund
3617:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3568:
3565:
3561:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3512:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3475:
3468:
3464:
3461:
3460:Workers Party
3457:
3454:
3450:
3447:
3443:
3440:
3436:
3433:
3429:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3394:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3366:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3341:Radio Freedom
3338:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3324:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3292:Oranjewerkers
3289:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3275:
3272:
3268:
3265:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3170:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:organisations
2930:
2927:
2925:organisations
2921:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2887:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2768:
2766:
2761:
2758:
2754:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2722:Tshwane riots
2719:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2593:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2575:
2568:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2447:
2446:Project Coast
2443:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2425:Mafeje affair
2422:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2395:Durban Moment
2392:
2389:
2388:Rivonia Trial
2385:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2342:Disinvestment
2339:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2097:1820 Settlers
2094:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2009:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1807:
1803:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1724:
1722:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1703:
1702:
1691:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1432:UnFreedom Day
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1276:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1219:Koeberg Alert
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1181:Afrikanerbond
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1168:organisations
1162:
1158:
1157:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1133:Non-racialism
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1058:
1050:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1034:Northern Cape
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1014:KwaZulu-Natal
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
994:
990:
986:
979:
974:
972:
967:
965:
960:
959:
956:
937:
933:
929:
923:
907:
903:
899:
893:
877:
873:
869:
862:
846:
842:
838:
832:
816:
812:
808:
801:
799:
783:
779:
772:
756:
752:
746:
738:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
688:
681:
679:
659:
655:
648:
641:
639:
637:
628:
624:
618:
614:
604:
601:
599:
596:
595:
589:
580:
576:
572:
568:
559:
555:
551:
547:
532:
529:
521:
511:
507:
503:
497:
496:
492:
487:This section
485:
481:
476:
475:
467:
458:
455:
451:
445:
442:
438:
436:
432:
431:Zackie Achmat
423:
419:
415:
406:
404:
396:
393:
389:
385:
379:
373:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
339:
338:
332:
328:
322:
318:
312:
308:
302:
295:
294:
292:
288:
284:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
252:
246:
238:
235:
220:
217:
209:
198:
195:
191:
188:
184:
181:
177:
174:
170:
167: –
166:
162:
161:Find sources:
155:
151:
145:
144:
139:This article
137:
133:
128:
127:
118:
115:
107:
97:
93:
89:
85:
79:
78:
73:This article
71:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
3778:
3738:Histories of
3439:United Party
3348:Reform Party
3285:Orangia Unie
2910:
2901:
2894:Swart gevaar
2892:
2876:
2832:
2823:
2764:
2666:Blikkiesdorp
1992:Pre-colonial
1845:Natal Colony
1829:Zulu Kingdom
1743:South Africa
1699:
1619:Gupta family
1614:Farm attacks
1566:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1355:
1286:
1278:
1268:Trade unions
1194:(CONTRALESA)
1153:
1039:Western Cape
999:Eastern Cape
940:. Retrieved
931:
922:
910:. Retrieved
906:the original
901:
892:
880:. Retrieved
871:
861:
849:. Retrieved
840:
831:
819:. Retrieved
815:the original
810:
785:. Retrieved
781:
771:
759:. Retrieved
754:
745:
737:eScholarship
735:– via
729:. Retrieved
722:the original
697:
693:
665:. Retrieved
658:the original
626:
617:
586:
577:
573:
569:
565:
556:
552:
548:
544:
524:
515:
500:Please help
488:
464:
456:
452:
446:
443:
439:
428:
416:
412:
402:
401:
305:Membership
296:South Africa
279:Headquarters
245:
230:
212:
203:
193:
186:
179:
172:
160:
148:Please help
143:verification
140:
110:
101:
86:by removing
82:Please help
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
2878:Rooi gevaar
2757:2021 unrest
2687:Nkandlagate
2516:Third Force
2377:Rugby union
1975:(1981–1994)
1967:(1979–1994)
1959:(1977–1994)
1951:(1976–1994)
1943:(1910–1961)
1935:(1902–1910)
1927:(1902–1910)
1919:(1886–1891)
1911:(1885–1887)
1903:(1884–1888)
1895:(1882–1885)
1887:(1882–1883)
1879:(1870–1873)
1871:(1861–1879)
1863:(1856–1902)
1855:(1854–1902)
1847:(1843–1910)
1839:(1839–1843)
1831:(1816–1897)
1823:(1795–1910)
1821:Cape Colony
1813: 1780
1798: 1780
1785:(1652–1806)
1775: 1220
1768: 1075
1684:Third Force
1674:Shack fires
1511:periodicals
992:By province
731:27 February
667:27 February
283:Khayelitsha
3794:Categories
3689:Greyshirts
3453:Volksparty
2991:Black Sash
2652:Xenophobia
2645:Travelgate
2402:Border War
2206:Bantustans
2104:Great Trek
2049:Xhosa Wars
1909:Upingtonia
1893:Stellaland
1447:Xenophobia
1387:Corruption
1138:Trotskyism
1118:Liberalism
1108:Federalism
1071:Ideologies
1029:North West
1024:Mpumalanga
1004:Free State
761:13 October
609:References
335:Key people
176:newspapers
84:improve it
39:improve it
2912:Volkstaat
2903:Uitlander
2834:Boerehaat
2810:Anarchism
2617:Arms Deal
2580:apartheid
2240:Pass laws
2217:Apartheid
2162:1910–1948
2081:1815–1910
2019:1652–1815
1679:Terrorism
1609:e-tolling
1604:Elections
1533:ANC Today
1509:Books and
1422:Toyi-toyi
1209:Keep Left
1176:AfriForum
1166:political
1088:Anarchism
1063:movements
1061:Political
718:1548-3320
489:does not
470:Campaigns
263:Formation
104:July 2023
45:talk page
3780:Category
3682:Boeremag
3180:Jeugkrag
3131:Het Volk
2825:Baasskap
2767:incident
2370:Olympics
1949:Transkei
1752:polities
1750:Defunct
1701:Category
1664:Protests
1624:HIV/AIDS
1412:Renaming
1299:(PASSOP)
1113:Feminism
1093:Anti-war
942:16 April
936:Archived
912:16 April
882:16 April
876:Archived
872:Facebook
851:16 April
845:Archived
821:16 April
787:16 April
592:See also
290:Location
3585:SAAPAWU
2923:Defunct
2886:Slavery
2090:Mfecane
1644:Lindela
1526:Amandla
1467:Slogans
1244:(SASCO)
1238:(SALSA)
1232:(PAGAD)
1200:(COSAS)
1019:Limpopo
1009:Gauteng
510:removed
495:sources
409:History
391:Website
382:Staff
190:scholar
3536:FOSATU
3390:SAYRCO
3362:SADECO
3278:Occupy
2817:Azania
2765:Lady R
2694:Racism
2523:CODESA
1984:Events
1973:Ciskei
1885:Goshen
1815:–1819)
1800:–1817)
1427:Ubuntu
1382:Azania
1255:(ZACF)
1226:(LGEP)
1164:Other
716:
192:
185:
178:
171:
163:
3717:PAGAD
3613:SATUC
3606:SARHU
3592:SACTU
3571:NURHS
3529:FNETU
3515:CTSWU
3508:CNETU
3501:BLATU
3383:SAYCO
3271:NUSAS
3152:IDASA
2963:AITUP
2578:Post-
1965:Venda
1594:Crime
1582:Other
1188:(AWB)
725:(PDF)
700:(2).
690:(PDF)
661:(PDF)
650:(PDF)
197:JSTOR
183:books
3724:SANF
3654:APLA
3599:SAIF
3578:PAWE
3564:NEUM
3557:MUSA
3522:FCWU
3467:WOSA
3418:TNIP
3376:SASO
3369:SAIC
3355:SABP
3306:PAVN
3040:COSG
3019:CTEG
3012:CNIP
1540:Biko
1356:see
1279:see
1154:see
944:2023
932:EELC
914:2023
884:2023
853:2023
823:2023
789:2023
763:2022
733:2021
714:ISSN
669:2021
493:any
491:cite
309:7032
271:Type
266:2008
169:news
3675:BBB
3668:AWB
3661:ARM
3627:UDF
3550:IWW
3543:ICU
3494:BCM
3487:APF
3432:UFP
3334:PRP
3313:PFP
3264:NRP
3257:NPP
3243:NNP
3236:NLP
3222:NCP
3173:ISL
3124:GNP
3096:ECC
3089:DSM
3082:DPP
3054:DLF
3026:COD
3005:CDA
2984:BPC
2977:AVF
2970:APO
1350:Law
1270:and
902:UCT
706:doi
504:by
152:by
3796::
3696:MK
3250:NP
3215:NA
3166:IP
3159:ID
3110:FD
3103:FA
3047:CP
1810:c.
1795:c.
1772:c.
1765:c.
930:.
900:.
874:.
870:.
839:.
809:.
797:^
780:.
753:.
712:.
704:.
696:.
692:.
677:^
652:.
635:^
625:.
386:53
48:.
2152:)
2148:(
1808:(
1793:(
1777:)
1770:–
1763:(
1734:e
1727:t
1720:v
1496:"
1492:"
1484:"
1480:"
1477:"
1473:"
977:e
970:t
963:v
946:.
916:.
886:.
855:.
825:.
791:.
765:.
739:.
708::
698:7
671:.
531:)
525:(
520:)
516:(
512:.
498:.
237:)
231:(
219:)
213:(
208:)
204:(
194:·
187:·
180:·
173:·
146:.
117:)
111:(
106:)
102:(
98:.
80:.
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
