480:
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manufacturing products that were previously imported. With the end of the war, Europe began to rehabilitate its industries. At the same time, Brazil was plagued with a number of workers strikes, and the business community along with the coffee-growers tried to reimpose their control. In response to these events, Pessoa introduced a program of austere financial planning. Nevertheless, the pressures on the State continued to grow. New loans, totaling nine million
1880:
1890:
812:. A commission attested to the veracity of this correspondence. A year later, Bernardes claimed victory in the presidential elections. In response, the Military Club and the noted politician Borges de Medeiros called for the creation of a court of honor to review the legitimacy of Bernardes' election. The Federal Congress reviewed the election results and declared them legitimate.
772:
Pessoa did not escape from the intrigues of state politics and used the federal government to intervene on behalf of state-based interest groups in return for support in
Congress. He was embroiled in one of the most troubled periods in the history of the Old Republic with the outbreak of the
752:
Brazil had greatly improved its financial situation over the course of the First World War. The industrialized countries had been forced to concentrate all of their resources towards the arms industry. Brazil exported raw materials at compensatory prices and enlarged its industrial base,
634:
During his time in the
Constituent Assembly, Pessoa gave an outstanding speech in which he articulated the political responsibilities of the President of the Republic. In 1894, he resolved to abandon politics because of his disagreements with then-president
622:
through the connections of his eldest brother José. With the proclamation of the
Brazilian Republic he was invited by governor Venâncio Neiva to serve as secretary-general of the first republican government of Paraíba. He was a deputy to the
777:
on 5 July 1922, the crisis of the false letters (see below) and the revolt of the
Military Club. The process of finding a successor for Pessoa therefore happened within a highly charged climate in which the lieutenants and subalterns (the
900:, and stayed on the bench until November 1930. From 1924 until the Revolution of 1930, he was a senator for Paraíba. He supported the revolution, which implemented the ideals of earlier army revolts. The assassination of his nephew
739:
There is another view of this election, however: the belief that after the death of
Rodrigues Alves the elite of Minas Gerais and São Paulo wanted to choose a new candidate from outside their own ranks. That
677:
for his home state of Paraíba in 1911, Pessoa then moved to Europe, where he lived until 1914. Returning to Brazil, he would soon assume the post of realtor for the
Commission for the Verification of Powers.
670:
of the
Republic. Levi Carneiro, in his "Livro de um Advogado", notes that as a justice Pessoa never voted in favor of any case in which he had been assigned to elaborate the views of the court.
1017:
662:
for the country that would eventually be adopted in 1916. After leaving the
Ministry of Justice, Pessoa would then successively serve as Minister of Transportation, Justice of the
1011:
985:
1989:
1974:
981:
1964:
1149:
992:
977:
924:
Pessoa was the patron of chair no. 31 of the
Academia Paraibana de Letras, which was founded by Father Francisco Lima. It is currently occupied by Angela Bezerra de Castro.
960:
693:
had originally been chosen to lead the delegation, but he resigned and Pessoa was picked as his substitute. The
Brazilian delegation, which supported the aims of the
1007:
996:
1979:
1939:
744:
of Minas Gerais was elected president in the next election supports the conspiracy theory that the oligarchies had never lost control in the intervening years.
1003:
1023:
964:
1969:
904:
was a strong emotional blow to Epitácio, and in its aftermath he retired from public life. In 1937, he began to show signs of declining health. He developed
520:
was unable to take office due to illness, after being elected in 1918. His period of government was marked by military revolts that would culminate in the
589:
732:
a decade earlier being the only previous exception. Regardless, Pessoa still represented the interests of the traditional oligarchies of Minas Gerais and
627:
from 1890 to 1891, during which time he was noted as a standout figure. By the time he was twenty-five years old, he was already noted as an accomplished
1944:
716:
in a snap election without having even left France, the only such case in the history of the Brazilian republic. His candidacy had been supported in
971:
1959:
1929:
1310:
1208:
1490:
1984:
222:
552:
161:
720:
and was considered fairly symbolic. The election of a president from Paraíba represented a defeat for the old political system of
1780:
479:
1949:
251:
1569:
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After leaving the presidency, Epitácio Pessoa was elected to be a Justice of the Permanent Court of International Justice at
208:
1240:
1228:
1216:
1835:
1655:
1600:
1402:
1369:
1303:
766:
945:
1790:
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and severe heart problems. Epitácio Pessoa would live until 13 February 1942, when he died in Nova Betânia, part of
844:
1694:
1684:
1478:
608:
365:
1626:
1527:
1501:
1441:
712:, who had died before he could take office. He won the presidency of the Republic by defeating the septuagenarian
1638:
697:, obtained good results in its attempts to resolve issues that Brazil had an interest in: the sale of Brazilian
1934:
604:
236:
1914:
1883:
1805:
1757:
1690:
1431:
1359:
1296:
565:
1954:
1893:
1825:
1800:
1722:
1704:
1659:
1446:
1128:
265:
1831:
1786:
1747:
799:
1770:
176:
701:
that had been stored in European ports and the fate of 70 German ships seized by Brazil during the war.
430:
1815:
1363:
793:
667:
603:. Pessoa endured a very poor childhood, but with great effort managed to earn a degree in law from the
1150:"Arthur Friedenrich: Brazilian football's pioneer who overcame racial prejudice to become a superstar"
721:
1776:
1544:
1468:
913:
901:
884:
1753:
1649:
1615:
1327:
1177:
833:
663:
544:
536:
468:
88:
843:– considered by official historians at the time to be first one of its kind in Brazil, though the
190:
1665:
905:
774:
757:, financed the retention of green coffee in Brazilian ports. Another loan was secured from the
354:
1115:
1482:
880:
Successful inroads into creating public works to lessen the droughts of the Northeast region.
651:
594:
1924:
1919:
1596:
1512:
686:
624:
548:
1486:
8:
1555:
1319:
1270:
912:(Rio de Janeiro). In 1965 his remains, along with those of his wife, were transported to
532:
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500:
69:
1353:
1338:
820:
619:
521:
1710:
1437:
654:, a colleague from his days as a professor at the Faculty of Law of the University of
1390:
809:
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and Raul Soares de Moura that contained insults towards the Armed Forces and Marshal
729:
725:
1860:
1565:
1522:
1496:
1396:
874:
The nomination of a civilian – the historian Pandiá Calógeras – for Minister of War.
525:
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674:
636:
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334:
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805:
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20:
1621:
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O governo Epitácio Pessoa no sítio oficial da Presidência da República do Brasil
1821:
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After his return to Brazil he became Minister of Justice in the government of
1908:
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when he was only seven years old. He was taken in and educated by his uncle
350:
1811:
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717:
647:
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In 1921, President Epitácio Pessoa, concerned about causing a geopolitical
733:
1590:
1375:
1096:
Epitácio Pessoa Jurista da Codificação Americana do Direito Internacional
713:
690:
54:
611:, where he went on to become a professor. He eventually made his way to
1584:
1288:
1063:
Koifman, Fábio, Organizador – Presidentes do Brasil, Editora Rio, 2001.
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330:
194:
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Bacharel Epitácio Pessoa e o Glorioso Levante Militar de 5 de Julho
857:
585:
560:
24:
861:
698:
655:
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628:
509:
784:) of the Armed Forces called for profound political reforms.
685:, Pessoa was chosen to lead the Brazilian delegation for the
639:. After marrying Maria da Conceição Manso Saião, he left for
618:
Young Epitácio managed to make the acquaintance of Marshal
836:(Considered the largest accomplishment of his government).
850:
The commemoration of the first centenary of independence.
828:
Pessoa's principal acts as president were the following:
564:, is known for having banned any non-white players from
531:
In addition to his term as president, Pessoa served as
1990:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint James of the Sword
1975:
Brazilian judges of international courts and tribunals
877:
The defeat of the 18 of the Fort of Copacabana Revolt.
1965:
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Empire of Brazil)
504:; 23 May 1865 – 13 February 1942) was a Brazilian
1182:CSOnline – Revista Eletrônica de Ciências Sociais
853:The opening of the first radio station in Brazil.
847:had been created almost a decade before, in 1912.
1906:
927:
237:Minister of Industry, Transport and Public Works
1980:Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal)
1940:Permanent Court of International Justice judges
919:
864:as the basis of the nation's monetary standard.
31: and the second or paternal family name is
1147:
1051:1º Centenário de Nascimento de Epitácio Pessoa
867:The construction of more than 1000 km of
1304:
787:
1970:Republican Party of Minas Gerais politicians
1175:
1070:, Editora Instituto Nacional do Livro, 1955.
547:, Chief of the Brazilian delegation for the
1889:
1311:
1297:
1118:, a municipality in the state of São Paulo
1037:Perfis Parliamentares 07 – Epitácio Pessoa
832:The construction of more than 200 dams in
543:, a two-term Federal Deputy, a three-term
53:
1189:
501:[epiˈtasjulĩˈdowfudɐˈsiwvɐpeˈsoɐ]
1945:Supreme Federal Court of Brazil justices
1318:
1089:Epitácio Pessoa 11º Presidente do Brasil
819:
708:, the vice-president of president-elect
553:Permanent Court of International Justice
528:into control of the federal government.
252:Minister of Justice and Internal Affairs
175:Head of the Brazilian Delegation to the
162:Permanent Court of International Justice
82:28 July 1919 – 15 November 1922
1077:, Editora Imprensa Universitária, 1965.
395: 1894; died 1895)
1960:Members of the Federal Senate (Brazil)
1930:Brazilian people of Portuguese descent
1907:
1238:Mensagem ao Congresso Nacional de 1922
1226:Mensagem ao Congresso Nacional de 1921
1214:Mensagem ao Congresso Nacional de 1920
1075:Legalismo e Coragem em Epitácio Pessoa
1292:
1039:, Editora Câmara dos Deputados, 1978.
804:published letters supposedly sent by
499:
455:Henriqueta Barbosa de Lucena (mother)
209:Minister of the Supreme Federal Court
16:President of Brazil from 1919 to 1922
959:Agriculture, Industry and Commerce:
883:Abolished the law that banished the
13:
1985:Grand Crosses of the Order of Aviz
839:The creation of the University of
767:Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil
704:Pessoa disputed the succession of
223:Prosecutor General of the Republic
14:
2001:
1202:
493:Epitácio Lindolfo da Silva Pessoa
405:Maria da Conceição de Manso Sayão
1888:
1879:
1878:
815:
609:Federal University of Pernambuco
478:
366:Republican Party of Minas Gerais
1029:
946:Francisco Álvaro Bueno de Paiva
824:Statue honoring Epitácio Pessoa
724:, with the election of Marshal
650:, during which time he invited
580:, a small town in the state of
415:
392:
1169:
1141:
1018:José Manuel de Azevedo Marques
1:
1950:20th-century Brazilian judges
1191:10.34019/1981-2140.2020.30951
1148:Storey, Daniel (5 May 2020).
1134:
1082:Epitácio Pessoa uma Biografia
1060:, Editora José Olympio, 1951.
928:Composition of the government
891:
747:
566:Brazil national football team
452:José da Silva Pessoa (father)
280:Secretary-General of Paraíba
1129:List of presidents of Brazil
1022:Transport and Public Works:
993:Alfredo Pinto Vieira de Melo
978:Alfredo Pinto Vieira de Melo
920:Academia Paraibana de Letras
916:, Paraíba, for reinterment.
576:Epitácio Pessoa was born in
571:
516:between 1919 and 1922, when
382:Francisca Justina das Chagas
7:
1178:"Black Atlantic Footballer"
1122:
1012:João Pedro da Veiga Miranda
986:João Pedro da Veiga Miranda
177:Versailles Peace Conference
10:
2006:
1058:Matheus Castello 1865–1942
794:Crisis of the fake letters
791:
788:Crisis of the fake letters
18:
1846:
1721:
1637:
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1511:
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885:Brazilian Imperial Family
497:Portuguese pronunciation:
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1691:Emílio Garrastazu Médici
1105:, Editora A União, 2000.
1101:Zenaide, Hélio Nóbrega,
1053:, Editora A União, 1965.
887:from national territory.
856:The substitution of the
664:Supreme Federal Tribunal
537:Supreme Federal Tribunal
23:, the first or maternal
1098:, Rio de Janeiro, 1977.
1008:Joaquim Ferreira Chaves
997:Joaquim Ferreira Chaves
871:in the south of Brazil.
599:, then the governor of
59:Official portrait, 1919
1084:, Editora Idéia, 2005.
1056:Gabaglia, Joao Scott,
1046:, Editora S / E, 1922.
961:Ildefonso Simões Lopes
845:Universidade do Paraná
825:
775:Copacabana Fort revolt
584:. His parents died of
1935:People from Umbuzeiro
1639:Military dictatorship
1176:Rial, Carmen (2020).
1091:, Editora Três, 1984.
982:João Pandiá Calógeras
823:
551:, and a judge on the
1915:Presidents of Brazil
1871:New elections held;
1597:Juscelino Kubitschek
1320:Presidents of Brazil
1004:Raul Soares de Moura
687:Treaty of Versailles
681:With the end of the
625:constituent assembly
549:Treaty of Versailles
1955:Brazilian diplomats
1777:Fernando H. Cardoso
1556:Eurico Gaspar Dutra
1271:President of Brazil
1116:Presidente Epitácio
1016:Foreign Relations:
906:Parkinson's disease
535:, a justice in the
533:Minister of Justice
514:president of Brazil
512:who served as 11th
143:Other offices held
70:President of Brazil
1354:Prudente de Morais
1339:Deodoro da Fonseca
1256:Political offices
1243:2008-04-24 at the
1231:2011-07-19 at the
1219:2011-07-19 at the
1094:Valadão, Haroldo,
1066:Pessoa, Epitácio,
826:
620:Deodoro da Fonseca
590:Henrique de Lucena
522:Revolution of 1930
1902:
1901:
1738:never took office
1545:Populist Republic
1487:Isaías de Noronha
1457:never took office
1407:never took office
1391:Hermes da Fonseca
1287:
1286:
1278:Succeeded by
1024:José Pires do Rio
965:José Pires do Rio
810:Hermes da Fonseca
730:Rio Grande do Sul
726:Hermes da Fonseca
490:
489:
469:Recife Law School
284:
283:
1997:
1892:
1891:
1882:
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1856:Died in office;
1650:Ranieri Mazzilli
1616:Ranieri Mazzilli
1348:Floriano Peixoto
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801:Correio de Manhã
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652:Clóvis Beviláqua
637:Floriano Peixoto
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1370:Rodrigues Alves
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1848:End of term:
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1832:Lula da Silva
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1534:José Linhares
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1483:Tasso Fragoso
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1453:Júlio Prestes
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1087:Silva, Hélio,
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816:Notable facts
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798:In 1921, the
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44:
39:
34:
30:
26:
22:
1872:
1868:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1836:2023–present
1812:Michel Temer
1804:
1761:
1737:
1723:New Republic
1678:
1675:Pedro Aleixo
1669:
1668:(1967–1969)
1625:
1624:(1961–1964)
1622:João Goulart
1610:
1573:
1526:
1525:(1937–1945)
1500:
1499:(1930–1937)
1491:Mena Barreto
1456:
1445:
1421:
1416:
1415:(1918–1919)
1406:
1385:Nilo Peçanha
1379:
1378:(1906–1909)
1360:Campos Sales
1342:
1341:(1889–1891)
1328:Old Republic
1269:
1249:
1181:
1171:
1159:. Retrieved
1153:
1143:
1102:
1095:
1088:
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1074:
1067:
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1043:
1036:
1030:Bibliography
923:
895:
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797:
780:
771:
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738:
718:Minas Gerais
703:
680:
672:
648:Campos Sales
645:
633:
617:
575:
559:
557:
530:
492:
491:
346:(1942-02-13)
127:Succeeded by
77:
32:
28:
1925:1942 deaths
1920:1865 births
1861:Coup d'état
1744:José Sarney
1713:(1979–1985)
1593:(1955–1956)
1591:Nereu Ramos
1581:(1954–1955)
1536:(1945–1946)
1513:Estado Novo
1424:(1919–1922)
1399:(1914–1918)
1393:(1910–1914)
1387:(1909–1910)
1376:Afonso Pena
1372:(1902–1906)
1356:(1894–1898)
1350:(1891–1894)
1331:(1889–1930)
1049:__________
1042:__________
1035:__________
914:João Pessoa
902:João Pessoa
714:Ruy Barbosa
691:Ruy Barbosa
593: [
431:João Pessoa
324:23 May 1865
268:for Paraíba
115:Preceded by
108:(1920–1922)
96:(1919–1920)
25:family name
1909:Categories
1875:Impeached
1852:Resigned;
1679:posthumous
1585:Carlos Luz
1579:Café Filho
1275:1919–1922
1184:(31): 20.
1135:References
980:– intern,
910:Petrópolis
892:Last years
748:Presidency
660:civil code
601:Pernambuco
506:politician
464:Alma mater
351:Petrópolis
320:1865-05-23
1865:self-coup
1826:2019–2023
1816:2016–2019
1801:2011–2016
1791:2003–2011
1781:1995–2003
1771:1992–1995
1758:1990–1992
1748:1985–1990
1705:1974–1979
1695:1969–1974
1660:1964–1967
1642:(1964–85)
1601:1956–1961
1570:1951–1954
1560:1946–1951
1548:(1946–64)
1516:(1937–46)
1472:(1930–37)
1442:1926–1930
1432:1922–1926
1364:1898–1902
991:Justice:
970:Finance:
952:Ministers
898:The Hague
869:railroads
834:Northeast
734:São Paulo
689:in 1919.
578:Umbuzeiro
572:Biography
475:Signature
427:Relations
327:Umbuzeiro
275:1889–1890
260:1890–1893
246:1898–1901
239:(interim)
231:1900–1901
217:1902–1905
203:1902–1912
185:1912–1919
170:1918–1919
155:1923–1930
78:In office
1884:Category
1493:) (1930)
1241:Archived
1229:Archived
1217:Archived
1123:See also
999:– intern
988:– intern
967:– intern
860:for the
781:tenentes
761:for the
586:smallpox
561:faux pas
438:Children
433:(nephew)
357:, Brazil
19:In this
1609:(1961)
765:of the
675:senator
607:of the
582:Paraíba
545:Senator
446:Parents
420:
412:
408:
397:
389:
385:
372:Spouses
331:Paraíba
195:Paraíba
191:Senator
1687:(1969)
1652:(1964)
1618:(1961)
1587:(1955)
1161:27 May
1110:Legacy
1002:Navy:
862:dollar
755:pounds
699:coffee
666:, and
656:Recife
641:Europe
629:jurist
510:jurist
33:Pessoa
1155:iNews
976:War:
858:pound
728:from
597:]
414:(
410:
391:(
387:
99:None
29:Silva
1894:List
1163:2024
508:and
341:Died
314:Born
193:for
1863:or
1186:doi
27:is
1911::
1867:;
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1760:)
1572:)
1489:,
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1444:)
1180:.
1152:.
1010:,
1006:,
995:,
984:,
963:,
769:.
736:.
643:.
631:.
615:.
595:pt
568:.
555:.
539:,
416:m.
393:m.
353:,
333:,
329:,
1873:+
1869:‡
1858:×
1854:†
1850:¤
1838:)
1834:(
1828:)
1824:(
1818:)
1814:(
1806:+
1799:(
1793:)
1789:(
1783:)
1779:(
1773:)
1769:(
1762:¤
1756:(
1750:)
1746:(
1740:)
1736:(
1707:)
1703:(
1697:)
1693:(
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1677:(
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1568:(
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1188::
1165:.
495:(
441:3
322:)
318:(
35:.
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