988:: "In the high priest's breastplate, Joseph was represented among the twelve tribes by Ephraim alone, not by Manasseh, too. To wipe out this slight upon his own tribe, Gideon made an ephod bearing the name of Manasseh. He consecrated it to God, but after his death homage was paid to it as an idol. In those days the Israelites were so addicted to the worship of Beelzebub that they constantly carried small images of this god with them in their pockets, and every now and then they were in the habit of bringing the image forth and kissing it fervently." According to the Bible, this action eventually caused the whole of Israel to turn away from God yet again and the ruin of Gideon and his family. Gideon had 70 sons from the many women he took as wives. He also had a
962:
implies that the ephod was carried either in the hand or on the shoulder. The conclusion thus is that the ephod in these cases referred to a portable idol the lots were cast in front of. Some scholars have suggested that the connection between the idol and the garment is that the idol was originally clothed in a linen garment, and the term ephod gradually came to describe the idol as a whole.
50:
552:
907:, with the Urim and Thummim being the objects which were drawn as lots, the ephod is considered by scholars to have been some form of container for the Urim and Thummim; to harmonise this with the descriptions of the ephod as a garment, it is necessary to conclude that the ephod must have originally been some sort of
961:
Even the ephods used for oracular purposes were not necessarily just pieces of cloth, as they are not described as being worn, but carried (though some translations render 1 Samuel 2:28 as "wear an ephod'" rather than "carry an ephod"); the Hebrew term used in these passages for "carry" specifically
801:
The biblical description (Exodus 28:16, 39:9) continues describing the size of the breastplate which is affixed to the front of the ephod as a square measuring one span by one span (the width of an outstretched hand from little finger tip to outstretched thumb tip). Stating that it was held together
919::8. The integration of the stones in the breastplate, as well as the Hebrew usage of Urim as "lights," suggest that the Urim and Thummim may have been a type of ocular device through which the priest would look when receiving divine communication.
1281:
870:
and a date later than the other mentions of the ephod; biblical scholars believe that the ephod may have evolved into this highly ceremonial form from more primitive beginnings (the simple linen form described in the
725:
version of the passage, nor is it present when the
Septuagint describes David and Samuel as girding themselves with an ephod. Therefore, some textual scholars regard its presence in the Masoretic Text as a later
697:
In the Bible, in the contexts where it is worn, the ephod is usually described as being linen, but did not constitute complete clothing of any kind, as the Books of Samuel describe.
1301:
903:
or David wished to question God via oracular methods, they asked a priest for the ephod. Since the oracular process is considered by scholars to have been one of
709::14 that "David was wearing a linen ephod". There appears to have been a strong religious and ceremonial implication to wearing an ephod, since the 85 priests at
854:", and with the names of the 12 tribes written upon them; the classical rabbinical sources differ as to the order in which the tribes were named on the jewels (
1434:
934:
from molten gold, logically cannot have just been garments. The object made by Gideon is plainly described as having been worshipped, and therefore the
806:, and had two shoulder straps which were fastened to the front of the ephod by golden rings, to which the breastplate was attached by golden chains (
689:, one is described as being created for the High Priest to wear as part of his official vestments (Exodus 28:4+, 29:5, 39:2+; Leviticus 8:7).
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argues that each of the textures was combined in six threads with a seventh of gold leaf, making 28 threads to the texture in total.
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1267:
1444:
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915:
to themselves. However, the biblical text states the Urim and
Thummim were placed in the breastplate, not the ephod, in
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1175:
531:
1259:
65:
926:, which must have been somewhat freestanding since another object was kept behind it, and the objects made by
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argued that it was like a woman's riding girdle. The biblical description also adds that there were two
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Besides its use as a garment, an Ephod was also used for oracular purposes, in conjunction with
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Gideon went on to make an ephod out of the gold won in battle; according to
Ginzberg's
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are specifically identified as being the type of people who wore an ephod; though the
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states that David was "clothed with a robe of fine linen, as were all the
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Textual scholars attribute the description of the Ephod in Exodus to the
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678:
49:
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of a deity, while the object made by Micah is closely associated with a
1026:
1021:, the priests of the Temple could no longer see the apparitions of the
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is described as wearing an ephod when dancing in the presence of the
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wearing the sacred vestments. The ephod is depicted here in yellow.
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rested. According to this description, the Ephod was woven out of
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is additionally described as creating an ephod made up of 1700
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who bore the ark... David also wore an ephod of linen," and
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describes the Ephod as an elaborate garment worn by the
721:(1 Samuel 22:18) the word "linen" is not present in the
650:, an artifact and an object to be revered in ancient
624:
598:
630:
604:
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681:, with a sword behind it (1 Samuel 21:9). In the
16:Garment worn by the high priest in ancient Israel
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1302:
532:
1435:Hebrew words and phrases in the Hebrew Bible
269:Leftovers from the suspensive guilt offering
1029:with the Ephod, or give responses from the
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330:Ten gifts given (even) outside of Jerusalem
1309:
1295:
733:
539:
525:
376:The property of the foreigner with no heir
359:Coins for redemption of the firstborn son
1246:. Vol. 4, Book 2. pp. 100โ101.
654:culture, and was closely connected with
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875:), much like how the highly liturgical
1417:
992:concubine who bore him a son he named
838:. This is thought by scholars to mean
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470:The mitzvah of sanctifying the Kohen
373:Field not redeemed in a Jubilee year
341:Heave offering of the Levite's tithe
106:The Torah instruction of the Kohanim
1425:Tabernacle and Temples in Jerusalem
996:, which means "my father is king" (
778:with skillful work in gold thread (
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505:Contact by a kohen with a dead body
272:Oil from the offering for the leper
13:
1181:
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369:Dedication of property to a priest
14:
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249:The ten gifts given in the Temple
1282:Verses where Ephod occurs (NASB)
886:
614:
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48:
19:For the military equipment, see
1176:Peake's Commentary on the Bible
658:practices and priestly ritual.
495:Bat-Kohen (daughter of a kohen)
93:Redemption of the firstborn son
66:Presumption of priestly descent
33:Part of a series of articles on
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842:, by Jewish tradition to mean
830:over the shoulder straps like
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1:
1277:Catholic Encyclopedia โ Ephod
1083:
717:here describes them as being
296:Four gifts given in Jerusalem
289:Leftovers of the First Sheaf
23:. For the iPod manager, see
7:
1445:Priestly clothing (Judaism)
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969:, the wearing of the ephod
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350:First shearing of the sheep
10:
1461:
1078:Priestly golden head plate
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770:threads, was made of fine
244:Twenty-four priestly gifts
220:Ishmael ben Elisha HaKohen
18:
1430:Jewish religious clothing
1324:
1008:According to the ancient
879:evolved from an ordinary
475:Kohanic disqualifications
101:(skin disease and mildew)
1004:In apocryphal literature
1265:Recreation of the Ephod
1243:The Legends of the Jews
1068:Priestly robe (Judaism)
986:The Legends of the Jews
734:Wearing and composition
642:that, according to the
354:Foreleg, cheeks and maw
275:Bread from First Fruits
263:Communal peace offering
1374:Priestly undergarments
1048:Priestly undergarments
1019:Zechariah ben Jehoiada
559:
364:Redemption of a donkey
210:Joshua the High Priest
1017:, after the death of
1014:Lives of the Prophets
746:, and upon which the
648:High Priest of Israel
556:High Priest of Israel
554:
121:Beth din shel Kohanim
39:Priesthood in Judaism
1349:Priestly breastplate
1209:Encyclopedia Biblica
1111:Encyclopedia Biblica
1073:Priestly breastplate
911:, which the priests
899:imply that whenever
748:Priestly breastplate
463:Miscellaneous topics
1193:Jewish Encyclopedia
1157:Jewish Encyclopedia
1146:Jewish Encyclopedia
977:on the part of the
675:Ark of the Covenant
667:Books of Chronicles
230:Phannias ben Samuel
1384:Priestly divisions
1344:Holy anointing oil
1270:2012-09-24 at the
1108:Cheyne and Black,
848:King James Version
646:, was worn by the
560:
480:Holy anointing oil
126:Priestly divisions
1440:Hardstone carving
1412:
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1404:Priestly covenant
1318:Jewish priesthood
1240:Ginzberg, Louis.
1222:Babylonian Talmud
1023:angel of the Lord
965:According to the
796:Tractate Yoma 72a
738:A passage in the
687:Book of Leviticus
580:
549:
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510:13 Kohanic cities
388:Priestly garments
283:Leftovers of the
266:Fowl sin offering
88:Priestly Blessing
73:Priestly covenant
21:Ephod Combat Vest
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1389:Shemen Afarsimon
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116:Incense offering
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975:sin of idolatry
897:Books of Samuel
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868:priestly source
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728:editorial gloss
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808:Exodus 28:6โ14
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887:Extended uses
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846:, and in the
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956:molten image
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952:graven image
951:
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881:handkerchief
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719:linen ephods
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644:Hebrew Bible
563:
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329:
307:First fruits
295:
256:Sin offering
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140:High Priests
98:
1359:High Priest
1027:divinations
998:Judges 8:31
917:Leviticus 8
776:embroidered
744:high priest
693:Description
490:Aaron's rod
445:Breastplate
423:High Priest
393:All Priests
324:'s offering
1419:Categories
1084:References
1010:apocryphal
990:Shechemite
979:Israelites
950:, meaning
936:cult image
905:cleromancy
834:made from
832:epaulettes
723:Septuagint
707:2 Samuel 6
1364:Sacrifice
994:Abimelech
840:malachite
822:, though
790:of gold (
652:Israelite
577:romanized
279:Showbread
168:Ahimelech
111:Sacrifice
1268:Archived
1227:Zevachim
1043:Tetzaveh
1037:See also
973:for the
948:massekah
940:teraphim
844:heliodor
774:and was
685:and the
656:oracular
440:Frontlet
322:Nazirite
199:Jehoiada
173:Abiathar
158:Phinehas
99:Tzaraath
1211:. 1899.
1025:, make
930:and by
877:maniple
862:Origins
788:shekels
768:scarlet
703:Levites
661:In the
583:สพฤpฬฒodฬฒ
579::
194:Hilkiah
189:Shallum
153:Eleazar
971:atoned
967:Talmud
954:, and
928:Gideon
913:girded
909:pocket
895:; the
858:36a).
836:shoham
820:braces
804:girdle
784:Gideon
766:, and
764:purple
572:ืึตืคืึนื
568:Hebrew
410:Turban
46:
25:ephPod
1339:Ephod
1329:Kohen
1260:Ephod
1197:Ephod
944:pesel
932:Micah
856:Sotah
824:Rashi
818:with
816:skirt
812:apron
802:by a
772:linen
671:David
640:apron
564:ephod
485:Kahen
435:Ephod
405:Tunic
184:Zadok
148:Aaron
81:Roles
61:Kohen
1230:88:B
1161:Gems
946:and
901:Saul
852:onyx
760:blue
756:gold
665:and
430:Robe
415:Sash
320:and
1000:).
924:Nob
814:or
794:).
782:).
711:Nob
679:Nob
612:or
562:An
163:Eli
1421::
1224:,
1195:,
1183:^
1167:^
1159:,
1118:^
1091:^
1033:.
981:.
883:.
762:,
758:,
730:.
669:,
622:iห
586:;
574:,
570::
1310:e
1303:t
1296:v
634:/
631:d
628:ษ
625:f
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616:/
608:/
605:d
602:ษ
599:f
596:ษ
593:ห
590:/
566:(
540:e
533:t
526:v
293:.
27:.
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