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Lohr JG; Adalsteinsson VA; Cibulskis K; Choudhury AD; Rosenberg M; Cruz-Gordillo P; Francis JM; Zhang CZ; Shalek AK; Satija R; Trombetta JJ; Lu D; Tallapragada N; Tahirova N; Kim S; Blumenstiel B; Sougnez C; Lowe A; Wong B; Auclair D; Van Allen EM; Nakabayashi M; Lis RT; Lee GS; Li T; Chabot MS; Ly
510:-reactive antibodies. In the second they showed how the technology could be used to describe the different kinds of antibodies produced during a multipart vaccination. In 2010 the Love lab demonstrated that its microengraving technology could be used to quantify the rates of secretion of up to four
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tissues obtained directly from patients, with the aim of identifying functional cellular responses to Merck-developed immuno-oncology products. In
September 2015 Enumeral announced that the Merck collaboration had achieved its first milestone, enabling Enumeral to receive a milestone payment from
450:
to fund long-term development plans, but by May 2017, the company announced it only had sufficient cash on hand to fund operations through June 2017. Shortly thereafter, in June, the company dismissed its R&D research staff. In August 2017, Enumeral was kicked out of its headquarters in
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human assays than the currently marketed anti-PD-1 antibodies and, in that same setting, in combination with one of the marketed antibodies, could elicit an additive effect on T cell activation. Enumeral expects to take an anti-PD-1 antibody into clinical testing in 2016.
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and Unum
Therapeutics. By the time the company lost its headquarters, Arthur Tinkelenberg was being described as the company's "former president and chief executive officer". In January 2018, Enumeral struck a deal with Xoma Corporation, located in the
1271:
Zhou P; Shaffer DR; Alvarez Arias DA; Nakazaki Y; Pos W; Torres AJ; Cremasco V; Dougan SK; Cowley GS; Elpek K; Brogdon J; Lamb J; Turley SJ; Ploegh HL; Root DE; Love JC; Dranoff G; Hacohen N; Cantor H; Wucherpfennig KW (February 6, 2014).
431:. The company's Scientific Founder was Christopher Love, Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering at MIT; the Executive Chairman is John Rydzewskand and its CEO is Arthur Tinkelenberg. In 2014 the company was taken public through a
1465:"Enumeral Reports That Its Novel Class of Potentially Allosteric Anti-PD-1 Antibodies Can Elicit an Additive Effect on T Cell Activation in Ex Vivo Human Assays When Used in Combination With A Currently Marketed Anti-PD-1 Antibody"
493:
printing, where those arrays were carrying the secreted products of single cells. The Love group elaborated on the utility of this microengraving technology in 2008 in two key papers. In the first they applied it to
607:. In 2015 Enumeral reported that it had used its platform to raise anti-PD-1 antibodies that did not compete with Keytruda or Opdivo for binding to PD-1, nor did they appear to compete with PD-1's
403:
immunotherapies through an 'immunoprofiling' platform that allowed it to scan the human immune microenvironment and identify and validate potential drug candidates. The company filed for
476:
Enumeral's platform consists of various proprietary cellular libraries derived from target-specific immunized sources or from human patient donors. The platform has three main parts:
526:+ T cells to be evaluated for their cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion. A 2013 paper from the Love lab reported the use of microengraving in evaluating the expression of pro-
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by colorectal tumor and stromal cells. The Love lab published a review on various single-cell technologies for monitoring immune systems, including the microengraving approach, in
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Love JC; Ronan JL; Grotenbreg GM; van der Veen AG; Ploegh HL (June 1, 2006). "A microengraving method for rapid selection of single cells producing antigen-specific antibodies".
640:
In
December 2014 Enumeral announced a collaboration with Merck & Co. in which the two companies would use the Enumeral platform to interrogate the tumor microenvironment in
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Varadarajan N; Julg B; Yamanaka YJ; Chen H; Ogunniyi AO; McAndrew E; Porter LC; Piechocka-Trocha A; Hill BJ; Douek DC; Pereyra F; Walker BD; Love JC (November 1, 2011).
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Adalsteinsson VA; Tahirova N; Tallapragada N; Yao X; Campion L; Angelini A; Douce TB; Huang C; Bowman B; Williamson CA; Kwon DS; Wittrup KD; Love JC (October 5, 2013).
552:
molecules involved in the release of blocks on T-cell proliferation at the time of tumour antigen recognition. This technology was discovered in the laboratory of Dr
1439:"Enumeral Reports That Its Novel Class of Anti-PD-1 Antibodies Elicits Higher T Cell Activation in Ex Vivo Human Assays than Currently Marketed Anti-PD-1 Antibodies"
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in 2006. Their foundational paper showed that it was possible to quickly capture a large mass of antibody-producing cells through engraved microarrays based on
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of circulating tumor cells by means of cell enrichment and isolation, genomic amplification, library qualification and 'census-based' sequencing.
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An early commercial interest of
Enumeral has focused on PD-1, currently targeted by two FDA-approved monoclonal antibody drugs -
1126:"A high-throughput single-cell analysis of human CD8⁺ T cell functions reveals discordance for cytokine secretion and cytolysis"
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A; Taplin ME; Clancy TE; Loda M; Regev A; Meyerson M; Hahn WC; Kantoff PW; Golub TR; Getz G; Boehm JS; Love JC. (May 1, 2014).
1077:"Multidimensional analysis of the frequencies and rates of cytokine secretion from single cells by quantitative microengraving"
969:"Concurrent detection of secreted products from human lymphocytes by microengraving: cytokines and antigen-reactive antibodies"
94:
1175:"Single cells from human primary colorectal tumors exhibit polyfunctional heterogeneity in secretions of ELR+ CXC chemokines"
420:
1329:
1517:"Enumeral and Merck Form Collaboration for Predicting Clinical Drug Response with Human-driven Immune Profiling Platform"
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141:
843:"Enumeral Biomedical believes it has sufficient cash to continue to explore strategic alternatives only into July 2017"
83:
548:. This technology allows new immune checkpoints in T cells to be discovered. It does so through the identification of
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1413:"Enumeral Announces Identification of Anti-PD-1 Antibodies with Potential for Differentiated Mechanism of Action"
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simultaneously released from individual viable primary immune cells, and that, among other things, primary
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in the US, with trading in the OTCQB marketplace tier commencing on 4 August 2014. The stock code is ENUM.
451:
Cambridge due to non-payment of rent and other fees. The
Cambridge headquarters was also the home of
1362:"Whole-exome sequencing of circulating tumor cells provides a window into metastatic prostate cancer"
446:
and sought partners to enter clinical development with. In
December 2016, Enumeral completed raising
45:
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788:"Enumeral Biomedical Raises $ 21.5 Million from New and Current Investors, Begins Public Trading"
763:"Enumeral Biomedical Raises $ 21.5 Million from New and Current Investors, Begins Public Trading"
146:
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Bradshaw EM; Kent SC; Tripuraneni V; Orban T; Ploegh HL; Hafler DA; Love JC (October 1, 2008).
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457:
1491:"Enumeral Expands Scientific Advisory Board to Support Development of Novel Immunomodulators"
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719:"Cambridge Biotech Enumeral Biomedical Has Cash to Fund Its Operations Only Into Next Month"
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Enumeral was founded in 2009 to bring together various immunoprofiling technologies from
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Story CM; Papa E; Hu CC; Ronan JL; Herlihy K; Ploegh HL; Love JC. (November 18, 2008).
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870:"Faltering Enumeral Biomedical Cuts R&D Staff, Alters Executive Compensation Deal"
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522:. In 2011 the Love lab provided proof that microengraving would allow multiple fresh
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in 2014. Kai
Wucherpfennig currently serves on Enumeral's Scientific Advisory Board.
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This platform has its origins in work which Love et al. published in the journal
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expression. Further, Enumeral's antibodies caused higher T cell activation in
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1018:"Profiling antibody responses by multiparametric analysis of primary B cells"
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666:"Cambridge's Enumeral Filed for Bankruptcy, Sells Assets to Bay Area's XOMA"
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Chattopadhyay PK; Gierahn TM; Roederer M; Love JC (February 1, 2014).
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and arranged to sell its assets to Xoma
Corporation in January 2018.
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818:"Cambridge biotech Enumeral faces uncertain future as cash dries up"
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with specific profiles of secretion could be recovered and expanded
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693:(Report). U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. January 26, 2018
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Han Q; Bradshaw EM; Nilsson B; Hafler DA; Love JC (June 7, 2010).
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1545:(Press release). Enumeral.com. September 8, 2015. Archived from
1519:(Press release). Enumeral.com. December 18, 2014. Archived from
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896:"Enumeral Biomedical Gets Evicted as it Winds Down Operations"
1415:(Press release). Enumeral. September 24, 2015. Archived from
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1467:(Press release). Enumeral. November 18, 2015. Archived from
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By 2015, Enumeral had completed pre-clinical development of
1493:(Press release). Enumeral.com. June 4, 2015. Archived from
1441:(Press release). Enumeral. November 3, 2015. Archived from
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1543:"Enumeral Achieves First Milestone in Merck Collaboration"
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790:(Press release). Enumeral. August 4, 2014. Archived from
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1224:"Single-cell technologies for monitoring immune systems"
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into a shell called
Cerulean Group. Its stock is traded
19:
For categorical values in programming languages, see
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290:Assets sold to Xoma Corporation during bankruptcy
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502:patient and reported that a small percentage of
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623:and showed dose-dependent increases in T cell
16:Massachusetts biotechnology company, 2009–2018
1574:Biotechnology companies of the United States
691:Form 8-K: Enumeral Biomedical Holdings, Inc
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425:Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research
60:Learn how and when to remove these messages
578:in 2014, involves the sequencing of whole
165:reliable, independent, third-party sources
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201:Learn how and when to remove this message
183:Learn how and when to remove this message
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741:"10-Q: Enumeral Biomedical Holdings Inc"
159:by replacing them with more appropriate
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142:too closely associated with the subject
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574:. This technology, first unveiled in
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41:This article has multiple issues.
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664:Keown, Alex (February 7, 2018).
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49:or discuss these issues on the
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619:antibodies also produced more
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868:Terry, Mark (June 20, 2017).
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717:Keown, Alex (May 30, 2017).
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822:Boston Business Journal
572:Whole-exome sequencing
458:San Francisco Bay Area
560:and was published in
466:Chapter 11 bankruptcy
405:Chapter 11 bankruptcy
350:Monoclonal antibodies
615:. These potentially
605:Bristol-Myers Squibb
587:Anti PD-1 antibodies
576:Nature Biotechnology
546:Checkpoint discovery
486:Nature Biotechnology
102:improve this article
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1290:2014Natur.506...52Z
1179:Integrative Biology
1034:2008PNAS..10517902S
636:Merck collaboration
401:monoclonal antibody
362:Number of employees
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106:independent sources
1549:on January 5, 2016
1523:on January 5, 2016
1497:on January 5, 2016
1471:on January 5, 2016
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1419:on January 5, 2016
1340:on January 5, 2016
1191:10.1039/c3ib40059j
417:Harvard University
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1087:(11): 1391–1400.
794:on March 22, 2015
743:. Marketwatch.com
642:colorectal cancer
554:Kai Wucherpfennig
550:small hairpin RNA
537:Nature Immunology
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1551:. Retrieved
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1421:. Retrieved
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