369:
207:
287:
29:
246:. Residents and town councillors stated they did not even know that there was a fireworks warehouse in their area. Later in the court case, the judge said that city officials failed to take steps even when they knew laws had been broken. They acted "completely incomprehensibly" by allowing the company to expand, for fear that the city would have to pay the cost of moving S.E. Fireworks to another location.
295:
of the three missing people to the death toll brought the total to 22. In 2005, Dutch media reported that a 26-year-old
Enschede resident who had died in a local hospital on 2 October 2000 was unofficially being recognised as the 23rd victim of the disaster. Her widower clarified in an interview that while she sustained only minor injuries on the day of the disaster, she appeared to develop an
234:
One week prior to the explosion, SE had been audited. The company was judged to have met all official safety regulations while the legally imported fireworks had been inspected by Dutch authorities and deemed safe. However, after the explosion, residents from the affected district of
Roombeek—a poor,
392:
In 2005 a memorial was unveiled at the site of the disaster, titled 'Het verdwenen huis tussen hemel en aarde' (The vanished house between heaven and earth) by
Moldavian artist Pavel Balta. Part of the memorial consists of the floor of the former storage depot, crushed into the crater created by the
299:
in the months thereafter, and that her doctor reported a "direct connection" between her death and the disaster without specifying whether or not she became physically ill as a result of the disaster or if illness was a factor in her death. A memorial at the site of the disaster lists her name along
294:
By 22 May 2000, 18 people had been confirmed dead, including an elderly woman who died from her injuries in hospital on 21 May. On 24 May, the search for victims ended with three people still missing and presumed dead. A 19th victim died from her injuries in hospital on 19 October 2000. The addition
359:
A total of €8.5m in compensation was awarded to the victims of the explosion, according to the organisation in charge of distributing the compensation, the UPV, having assessed 3,519 claims. Three hundred people received cash for incurring extra costs, 136 people received money for loss of income,
254:
A 40-hectare (100-acre; 0.4 km) area around the warehouse was destroyed by the blast. The S.E. Fireworks factory was the only one in the
Netherlands to be located in a residential area. This caused around 400 houses to be destroyed, 15 streets incinerated and a total of 1,500 homes damaged,
376:
The S.E. Fireworks disaster led to intensified safety regulations in the
Netherlands concerning the storage and sale of fireworks. The Roombeek area that was destroyed by the blast has since been rebuilt. Since the catastrophe, three illegal fireworks depots were closed down in the Netherlands.
345:
In April 2002, the owners were sentenced to six months' imprisonment each for violation of environmental and safety regulations and dealing in illegal fireworks alongside a fine of €2,250 each. However, they were both acquitted of the more serious charges of negligence for the fire.
1280:
484:
312:
The study highlighted that "two and a half years post-disaster the prevalence of psychological problems in victims, who had to relocate, was about double and in the non-relocated victims one-third more than controls". Relocated victims showed the highest increase of
341:
On 20 May, Dutch authorities issued an international arrest warrant for the two managers of the company, Rudi Bakker and Willie Pater, after they fled their homes, which were empty when searched. Pater handed himself in on the same day, and Bakker the day after.
230:
specifically designed to minimize such risk. However, the illegal use of shipping containers reduced safety, particularly as they had been arranged closely together at ground level and had not been separated either by earthworks or other partitioning.
214:
The fire which triggered the explosion is believed to have started inside the central building of the S.E. Fireworks depot, in a work area where some 900 kg (2,000 lb) of fireworks were stored. It then spread outside the building to two full
308:
In 2005, a survey was published based on the electronic medical records of general practitioners, which compared 9,329 victims with a control sample size of 7,329 units ranging from 16 months before to 2.5 years after the disaster.
481:
752:
226:
in the central complex—which might otherwise have contained the fire—had been left open. Theoretically, an explosion was considered highly unlikely because the fireworks were stored in sealed
349:
In May 2003, Arnhem
Appeals Court acquitted 36-year-old André de Vries of arson. Almelo Court had originally (May 2002) tried and convicted De Vries of arson and sentenced him to 15 years
595:
219:
that were being used to illegally store more display incendiaries. When 177 tonnes (174 long tons; 195 short tons) of fireworks exploded, it destroyed the surrounding residential area.
1206:
180:, Netherlands. The explosion killed 23 people including four firefighters and injured 950 others. A total of 400 homes were destroyed and 1,500 buildings were subsequently damaged.
1189:
1007:
760:
198:
S.E. Fireworks was a major supplier to pop concerts and major festive events in the
Netherlands. Prior to the disaster it had a good safety record and met all safety audits.
527:
195:, 60 kilometres (40 mi) away. Fire crews were called in from across the border in Germany to help battle the blaze; it was brought under control by the end of the day.
1308:
1343:
1533:
916:
886:
1240:
581:
T. Bedford, P. H. A. J. M. van Gelder, 2003, "Safety and reliability: proceedings of the ESREL 2003 European safety and reliability conference", p.1688
96:
976:
800:
1301:
1066:
356:
In
February 2005, after a four-and-a-half-year legal battle, the six-month sentence of each of the owners was increased to twelve months each.
191:), while the strength of the final explosion was in the range of 4–5 tons of TNT (17–21 GJ). The biggest blast was felt up to city of
1214:
235:
working-class neighbourhood—complained of government inaction and lack of interest, saying the whole disaster was just waiting to happen.
1468:
1553:
1513:
1294:
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856:
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432:
131:
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999:
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314:
826:
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707:
681:
505:
1548:
655:
1414:
1029:
Yzermans, C Joris; Donker, Gé A; Kerssens, Jan J; Dirkzwager, Anja JE; Soeteman, Rik JH; ten Veen, Petra MH (1 August 2005).
626:
403:
1092:
1432:
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908:
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878:
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730:
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1426:
648:"Netherlands fireworks factory explosion—the downside of the Dutch social model – World Socialist Web Site"
437:
89:
66:
401:
The events of the disaster served as the inspiration of the mission "Explosion in fireworks factory" from
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968:
1462:
1355:
808:
274:
brewery which had an asbestos roof. It was later demolished and closed; a replacement opened nearby in
1030:
1438:
1396:
421:
1573:
1450:
938:
848:
427:
1031:"Health problems of victims before and after disaster: a longitudinal study in general practice"
596:"After 400 homes and 15 streets are incinerated by firework blast, the Dutch ask: Was it arson?"
482:
Ziek door de ramp: Latifa overleed maanden na de vuurwerkramp, maar werd slachtoffer nummer 23
1379:
1373:
558:"Government cover-up alleged in fireworks disaster that killed 23, injured 950 | NL Times"
8:
1367:
647:
368:
1207:"Fireworks directors jailed for fatal explosion | Dutch News | Expatica the Netherlands"
385:
There have been annual public memorial services in
Roombeek since 2000 led by the mayor
206:
243:
216:
1158:
259:. Ten thousand residents were evacuated, and damages eventually neared 1 billion
242:
was outside the town, but as new residential areas were built it became surrounded by
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1114:
1088:
1058:
1050:
822:
774:
703:
677:
501:
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389:, and commonly ending on the Stroinksbleekweg. The theme of 2004 was "homecoming".
620:
1361:
1193:
630:
488:
296:
271:
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Memorial at the site of the disaster on which the names of the dead are engraved
1274:
1261:
As explained by series creator Ralph Stock in his
Emergency 20 backstage videos
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184:
1507:
1054:
260:
255:
leaving 1,250 people homeless, essentially obliterating the neighbourhood of
111:
98:
372:
A memorial of the disaster, outlining devastated areas around S.E. Fireworks
1062:
350:
270:
was released into the air by the explosion. The fire spread to the nearby
1402:
1046:
222:
One theory to explain the large scale of the disaster was that internal
416:
286:
70:
1492:
All structures were factory warehouse if unspecified above. See also:
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239:
223:
188:
386:
322:
267:
256:
192:
177:
81:
275:
1028:
28:
326:
227:
360:
and 1,477 people received compensation for health problems.
300:
with the 22 victims included in the official death toll.
176:
was a catastrophic fireworks explosion on 13 May 2000 in
753:"Geslaagde transformatie van stadswijk na vuurwerkramp"
183:
The first explosion had a strength in the order of 0.8
1316:
266:
The Dutch Government warned that potentially harmful
589:
587:
1505:
801:"Dossier: Vuurwerkramp Enschede 2000 – Economie"
584:
363:
1534:Building and structure fires in the Netherlands
1182:
1180:
1302:
1177:
1137:"Dutch police quiz fireworks factory owners"
1000:"Vergeten slachtoffer vuurwerkramp duikt op"
623:Oosting zag iets over het hoofd in Enschede
1309:
1295:
909:"Drie vermisten niet meer terug te vinden"
27:
433:List of fireworks accidents and incidents
16:2000 explosion in the eastern Netherlands
1159:"Dutch fireworks blast bosses sentenced"
528:"Firework Disaster Enschede 13 May 2000"
367:
285:
205:
997:
849:"Aantal doden ramp stijgt tot achttien"
759:(in Dutch). 10 May 2005. Archived from
728:
315:medically unexplained physical symptoms
1506:
641:
639:
593:
491:(Tubantia, 2005) (republished in 2020)
1290:
1165:from the original on 16 February 2004
1115:"Dutch fireworks owner under custody"
1089:"Arrest warrants for Enschede owners"
1035:International Journal of Epidemiology
404:Emergency 4: Global Fighters for Life
396:
333:) and of gastrointestinal morbidity.
823:"Search for Enschede survivors ends"
645:
477:
475:
473:
336:
303:
1239:. Dutchnews.nl. 19 September 2007.
939:"Bezoek rampgebied schokt bewoners"
684:from the original on 10 August 2003
678:"Dutch blast factory boss arrested"
636:
13:
1069:from the original on 14 April 2023
829:from the original on 14 April 2023
731:"Dutch Fireworks Owners Sentenced"
508:from the original on 14 April 2023
450:
14:
1585:
1554:Fireworks accidents and incidents
1514:2000 disasters in the Netherlands
1318:Fireworks accidents and incidents
1268:
1213:. 1 February 2005. Archived from
879:"Dodental gestegen tot zeventien"
781:from the original on 22 July 2004
729:DEUTSCH, ANTHONY (2 April 2002).
658:from the original on 4 April 2013
614:
470:
1243:from the original on 17 May 2014
1095:from the original on 23 May 2024
1010:from the original on 11 May 2024
979:from the original on 11 May 2024
949:from the original on 23 May 2024
919:from the original on 23 May 2024
889:from the original on 23 May 2024
859:from the original on 23 May 2024
710:from the original on 17 May 2014
633:, NRC Handelsblad, 23 March 2001
1564:Industrial fires and explosions
1255:
1229:
1199:
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594:Castle, Stephen (15 May 2000).
238:When it was built in 1977, the
210:Crater created by the explosion
969:"Vuurwerkramp eist 19de leven"
575:
550:
520:
494:
417:1654 Delft gunpowder explosion
141:23 (22 directly, 1 indirectly)
33:The suburb of Roombeek on fire
1:
1549:Explosions in the Netherlands
704:"Inquiry into firework blast"
646:Paul, Hendrik (31 May 2000).
463:
364:Dutch fire safety regulations
281:
60:
1494:List of industrial disasters
1352:shopping center, Peru (2001)
998:Nijland, Rik (24 May 2005).
438:List of industrial disasters
380:
7:
1332:Xinjiang 61st Regiment Farm
1275:In pictures: Firework blaze
733:. Midland Reporter Telegram
410:
174:Enschede fireworks disaster
22:Enschede fireworks disaster
10:
1590:
1196:, accessdate 17 April 2009
1161:. BBC News. 2 April 2002.
807:(in Dutch). Archived from
775:"Dutch fireworks disaster"
532:huisvanverhalenenschede.nl
502:"Dutch fireworks disaster"
1569:May 2000 events in Europe
1529:2000 industrial disasters
1490:
1389:
1324:
1091:. BBC News. 19 May 2000.
825:. BBC News. 15 May 2000.
777:. BBC News. 14 May 2000.
706:. BBC News. 15 May 2000.
680:. BBC News. 19 May 2000.
504:. BBC News. 13 May 2000.
456:22 directly, 1 indirectly
422:Leiden gunpowder disaster
249:
153:
145:
137:
127:
88:
77:
56:
38:
26:
629:24 December 2008 at the
443:
201:
1524:2000 in the Netherlands
1139:. BBC News. 20 May 2000
1117:. BBC News. 19 May 2000
428:2000 in the Netherlands
163:1,500 buildings damaged
1192:3 October 2012 at the
943:Reformatorisch Dagblad
853:Reformatorisch Dagblad
373:
291:
211:
44:; 24 years ago
1559:History of Overijssel
1429:, Netherlands] (1991)
1374:Puttingal temple fire
1358:, Rhode Island (2003)
1281:Satellite Map Imagery
371:
289:
263:(€454 million).
209:
1519:2000 fires in Europe
1447:, Netherlands (2000)
1362:Lame Horse nightclub
811:on 12 February 2015.
112:52.23028°N 6.89333°E
975:. 20 October 2000.
763:on 14 October 2012.
487:23 May 2024 at the
217:shipping containers
160:400 homes destroyed
108: /
23:
1544:Explosions in 2000
1539:Events in Enschede
1477:, Indonesia (2017)
1340:, Argentina (1994)
1338:Cromañón nightclub
1047:10.1093/ije/dyi096
805:Nederlands Dagblad
538:on 10 October 2017
397:In popular culture
374:
292:
244:low-income housing
212:
146:Non-fatal injuries
132:Fireworks disaster
21:
1501:
1500:
1435:, Malaysia (1991)
1409:Hallett, Oklahoma
1397:Benton, Tennessee
1356:Station nightclub
337:Legal proceedings
304:Healthcare impact
170:
169:
117:52.23028; 6.89333
1581:
1453:, Denmark (2004)
1311:
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534:. Archived from
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42:13 May 2000
31:
24:
20:
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1583:
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1580:
1579:
1578:
1574:Warehouse fires
1504:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1486:
1471:, Mexico (2016)
1459:, Turkey (2008)
1441:, Mexico (1999)
1385:
1370:, Brazil (2013)
1364:, Russia (2009)
1320:
1315:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1260:
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1234:
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1217:on 16 June 2015
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1194:Wayback Machine
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945:. 25 May 2000.
937:
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915:. 25 May 2000.
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906:
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890:
885:. 21 May 2000.
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855:. 23 May 2000.
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1405:, Malta (1984)
1400:
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1377:
1376:, India (2016)
1371:
1368:Kiss nightclub
1365:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1346:, China (1996)
1341:
1335:
1334:, China (1977)
1328:
1326:
1325:>100 deaths
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1269:External links
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1237:"Dutchnews.nl"
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1283:– Google Maps
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90:Coordinates
1508:Categories
1481:Duttapukur
1277:– BBC News
1004:Volkskrant
562:nltimes.nl
464:References
282:Death toll
224:fire doors
187:(3.3
100:52°13′49″N
49:2000-05-13
1475:Tangerang
1427:Culemborg
1055:503399877
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381:Memorials
319:tiredness
278:in 2004.
240:warehouse
103:6°53′36″E
71:UTC+02:00
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1463:Sivakasi
1457:Istanbul
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1403:C23 boat
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652:wsws.org
627:Archived
602:. London
567:8 August
506:Archived
485:Archived
411:See also
387:Jan Mans
323:headache
268:asbestos
261:guilders
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424:(1807)
329:, and
327:nausea
250:Damage
138:Deaths
1451:Seest
973:Trouw
913:Trouw
606:2 May
444:Notes
202:Cause
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1059:PMID
1051:OCLC
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