1661:
1675:
161:
172:
1391:
indisgestion for indigestion; gownd for gown; scholard for scholar; nevvy for nephew; non-plush'd for non-plussed; refuge for refuse; quid for cud, " chewing the quid; "sarment for sermon; varmint for vermin; sloop for slope; spartacles for spectacles; spavin for spasms. I knew an old woman who was constantly suffering from "the windy spavin;" taters for potatoes; wunstfor once; wuts for oats, etc., etc."
22:
1649:. Many old Sussex words once existed, thought to have derived from Sussex's fishermen and their links with fishermen from the coasts of France and the Netherlands. A universal feminine gender pronoun was typical, reflected in a joking saying in Sussex that "Everything in Sussex is a she except a tomcat and she's a he."
1181:
Modern Essex
English is usually associated with non-rhotic Estuary English, mainly in urban areas receiving an influx of East London migrants since World War II. The Essex accent has an east–west variation with the county's west having Estuary English speech features and the county's east having the
1390:
Acrost for across; agoo for ago; batcheldor for bachelor; brownchitis (or sometime brown titus) for bronchitis; chimley or chimbley for chimney; crowner for coroner; crowner's quest for coroner's inquest; curosity and curous for curiosity and curious ; death for deaf; disgest for digest, and
1214:
Modern Kent, and Sussex
English is usually associated with non-rhotic Estuary English, mainly in urban areas receiving an influx of East London migrants since World War II. However, rhoticity used to characterize the traditional rural accents in Kent, Surrey, and Sussex, though it has long been a
1376:
Gower was first made aware of the dialect after reading a letter in a local newspaper. Following that, and after his own enquiries, he expressed a fear that improved transport and the spread of education would cause such local dialects to disappear and be forgotten despite the fact that, in his
203:
residents. Now spread throughout the South East region, Estuary
English is the resulting mainstream accent that combines features of both Cockney and a more middle-class RP. Less affluent areas have variants of Estuary English that grade into southern rural England outside urban areas.
763:. Since the 1960s, particularly in Andover and Basingstoke, the local accent has changed reflecting the arrival of East Londoners relocated by London County Council. It can be argued that Hampshire is a borderline county moving East, linguistically.
750:
may still be rhotic or variably rhotic today, though this feature is quickly becoming ever less frequent. In country areas and
Southampton, the older rhotic accent can still be heard amongst some speakers, for example in the speech of
1190:
The region largely south of London, including Surrey, Sussex, and once even Kent, used to speak with what today would be lumped under a South West
England or "West Country" dialect. In all these counties, front
1429:
Past participle takes more complex forms after common consonants "-ded," "-ted," e.g., attackted, drownded, "Such a country as this, where everything is either scorched up with the sun or drownded with the
1154:(though not the rest of Essex) showed some rhoticity in speakers born as late as the early 20th century, a feature that characterised other rural dialects of South East England in the 19th century.
1426:"Grow'd," "know'd," "see'd," "throw'd," and similar were however also used both for the perfect and participle passive of the verbs, e.g., "I've know'd a litter of seven whelps reared in that hole"
911:
area a vowel at the end of a word is often followed by an intrusive dark l, . Hence the old joke about the three
Bristolian sisters Evil, Idle, and Normal (written Eva, Ida, and Norma).
1377:
words, "Old customs, old beliefs, old prejudices die hard in the soil of
England". Gower described certain standard English words with nonstandard pronunciations in the Surrey dialect:
1400:
The Old and Middle
English prefix of "a-" is used generally before substantives, before participles and with adjectives placed after nouns, e.g., a-coming, a-going, a-plenty, a-many.
2335:
compiled by Nils Norman
Schiborr. Audio recordings of narrative texts with transcriptions time-aligned at the phone level, translations, and time-aligned morphological annotations.
42:
219:
survive as traditional broad dialects in
Southern England today, though they too are subject to Estuary English influence in recent decades and are consequently weakening.
543:
1079:
1319:
183:
Commentators report widespread homogenisation in South East England in the 20th century (Kerswill & Williams 2000; Britain 2002). This involved a process of
484:
49:
1144:
981:
3352:
3292:
1215:
recessive feature. Still, it is possible that some Sussex and Kentish rhoticity lasted until as recently as the early 21st century in certain pockets.
111:
788:
accents, now perceived as rural. It originally extended an even larger region, across much of South East England, including an area south of the "
999:
368:
1237:
In the 18th and 19th centuries, in Essex, Kent, and east Sussex, plus several other South East areas including London, Suffolk, and Norfolk,
1625:
In addition to the above features, namely rhoticity, the traditional Sussex accent showed certain other features, like an extremely narrow
676:, or children of Jamaican parents, in London shows interesting combinations of the Jamaican accent with the London accent. For example, in
1433:
The pleonastic use of "-like" denoting "vaguely", e.g. comfortable-like, timid-like, dazed-like, "I have felt lonesome-like ever since."
157:(the counties bordering London), which was the traditional interface between the London urban region and more local and rural accents.
3387:
2360:
1162:, which studied speakers born in the late 1800s. Many words are unique to 19th-century Essex dialect, some examples including
3437:
3222:
2314:
1737:
406:
Features of working- or middle-class Estuary English, spoken in the counties all around London in the 21st century, include:
3488:
3457:
2415:
1119:
There are differences between and even within areas of East Anglia: the Norwich accent has distinguishing aspects from the
915:
is pronounced darkly where it is present, too, which means that in Bristolian rendering, 'idea' and 'ideal' are homophones.
505:) in weak positions, or occasionally with d). Wells notes traditional aspects of rural South East speech as lengthened in
2938:
1892:
3043:
1406:"be" is common for "are", e.g., "How be you?" is noted, to which "I be pretty middlin', thank ye" was the usual answer.
746:. Berkshire is predominantly non-rhotic today, but traditional accents may still be found across the county. Parts of
1967:
1775:
811:
They persist most strongly in areas that remain largely rural with a largely indigenous population, particularly the
67:
2268:
I saw the ghostesses, / Sitting on the postesses, / Eating of their toastesses, / And fighting with their fistesses.
2102:
815:. In many other areas they are declining because of RP and Estuary accents moving to the area; for instance, strong
2842:
1312:
3090:
2886:
1950:
Britain, David; Cheshire, Jenny, eds. (2003). "Dialect levelling and geographical diffusion in British English".
93:
3407:
2847:
2353:
1403:
Double negatives in a sentence are common, "You don't know nothing", "The gent ain't going to give us nothing"
3447:
3140:
3102:
1935:
A Sociophonological Analysis of Mersea Island English: An investigation of the diphthongs (aʊ), (aɪ) and (ɔɪ)
1446:, now typical of dialects throughout England, as well as the increasingly disappearing feature of rhoticity.
1112:
785:
531:
itself (most famously including the East End). It is characterised by many phonological differences from RP:
3442:
3095:
2915:
2732:
2553:
1877:
1346:
644:
1242:
1238:
1231:
1219:
1097:
1093:
1065:
1047:
1040:
1014:
1006:
952:
889:
881:
863:
845:
827:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
681:
618:
610:
602:
594:
560:
383:
379:
364:
360:
356:
324:
285:
270:
266:
107:
103:
2818:
2808:
2406:
2373:
2369:
1713:
3402:
3117:
2975:
2386:
1863:
1767:
1159:
2338:
3493:
3382:
2908:
2866:
2837:
2769:
2737:
2346:
1174:
meaning "snail". Several nonstandard grammatical features exist, such as irregular plural forms like
37:
2281:
3107:
3061:
2960:
2933:
2898:
2793:
2664:
1708:
2283:
A Dictionary of the Sussex Dialect – a Collection of Provincialisms in use in the County of Sussex
2263:
2256:
A Dictionary of the Sussex Dialect and Collection of Provincialisms in Use in the County of Sussex
816:
527:
Cockney is the traditional accent of the working classes of the areas immediately surrounding the
3319:
3152:
2970:
2945:
1409:
Superlatives (+est) were used in place of the word "most", e.g., "the impudentest man I ever see"
796:, but the modern West Country dialects are now most often classified west of a line roughly from
3234:
3212:
3016:
2713:
2682:
2560:
1959:
1934:
1090:
1055:
853:
835:
192:
89:
3130:
770:
or "Pompey" English, some of which may actually originate from Portsmouth rather than London.
3432:
3217:
3112:
2825:
2759:
2513:
2503:
2498:
1688:
1207:
vowels predominated in the 19th century, all of which are also shared with rural traditional
3425:
1951:
1318:
Modern Estuary dialect features were also reported in some traditional varieties, including
2854:
2747:
2687:
2565:
2538:
2455:
1841:
1362:
1208:
1003:
964:
779:
743:
241:
216:
208:
176:
8:
3452:
3282:
3274:
3172:
3135:
3021:
3006:
2881:
2871:
2798:
2637:
2070:
2023:
1703:
1634:
1361:, though it has now almost entirely died out. It was first documented by Granville W. G.
539:
2251:
3342:
3309:
3244:
3227:
3082:
2903:
2450:
2440:
1698:
1693:
394:. But the is retained when the addition of a suffix turns the "dark L" clear, so that
212:
196:
150:
191:
in inner-city London and the careful upper-class standard accent of Southern England,
179:; in the South, all of South West England and some of South East England are included.
3347:
3332:
3304:
3264:
3056:
2993:
2742:
2518:
2482:
2310:
2055:
2008:
1963:
1952:
1771:
1733:
1637:
forms were a grammatical feature of the Sussex dialect, particularly in words ending
628:
476:
184:
32:
3038:
2179:
3467:
3420:
3372:
3299:
3207:
3197:
3192:
3182:
3028:
3001:
2859:
2779:
2724:
2622:
2604:
2591:
2428:
2423:
1315:
who spoke the local accent, principally Kentish but with strong London influences.
1272:
1073:
871:
677:
666:
658:
649:
Multicultural London English (abbreviated MLE), colloquially called Blockney, is a
581:
536:
247:
139:
695:
is realised as , as mentioned above. In Jamaican-London speech, glottalization of
3337:
3239:
3177:
3147:
2955:
2830:
2651:
2627:
2599:
2570:
2543:
2508:
2395:
1984:
1727:
1680:
1443:
1334:
1308:
1300:
1120:
955:
always remain voiceless, which is the main difference from West Country accents.
712:
228:
146:
2332:
3412:
3327:
3287:
3187:
3011:
2764:
2669:
2659:
2575:
2377:
1909:
1864:"Portsmouth Society - Pompey as she is spoke (Pompeyspeak) - readers' comments"
1158:, a feature now widespread in England, was found throughout Essex in the 1950s
1124:
747:
528:
491:
135:
1896:
1123:
that surrounds it – chiefly in the vowel sounds. The accent of
3482:
3462:
3377:
3033:
2950:
2891:
2803:
2754:
2632:
2614:
1834:
1818:
1802:
1755:
1200:
1151:
784:
South West England or "West Country" English is a family of similar strongly
720:
154:
2965:
2813:
2692:
1366:
1304:
1036:
812:
756:
502:
237:
2094:
1630:
1420:
1155:
970:
925:
801:
760:
752:
547:
430:
421:
200:
1920:
Some examples of the Norfolk accent (with dialectal words thrown in) at
2876:
2368:
937:
918:
822:
As well as rhoticity, here are common features of West County accents:
797:
767:
569:
411:
2433:
2129:
1763:
1666:
1416:
1345:
A unique dialect existed as recently as the late 19th century in the
949:
878:
805:
739:
735:
654:
590:
557:
375:
304:. But the diphthong is retained before inflectional endings, so that
1784:
584:
of in the middle or end of a word with a glottal stop; for example
296:
versus a monophthongal realisation in closed syllables, for example
2460:
2037:
2035:
2033:
1674:
1498:
991:
may be pronounced , often represented as "bootiful" or "bewtiful",
929:
793:
494:
175:
Red areas are where English dialects of the late 20th century were
165:
160:
99:
3397:
3392:
3202:
2548:
2475:
2470:
1512:
hot – a verb meaning to heat something up, "hot it over the fire"
1132:
1128:
974:
941:
908:
789:
673:
650:
522:
188:
171:
2117:
2030:
1921:
1234:; it has been reported as a minority variant in Kent and Essex.
1185:
2465:
2445:
1358:
1350:
662:
480:
447:
has a low-back onset, , or the lowered/unrounded from , or or
233:
661:
that emerged in the late 20th century. It is spoken mainly by
2259:
1278:
261:
General characteristics of all major London accents include:
134:) is the collective set of different dialects and accents of
1945:
1943:
1303:' books pertains to Kentish dialect, as the author lived at
852:) realised as , with a starting point close to the vowel in
1354:
1284:
145:
As of the 21st century, a wide class of dialects labelled "
1940:
1566:
sauce – vegetables, e.g. "green sauce", pronounced "soss"
1054:) realised as , sounding very much like the diphthong in
742:
are on the modern-day border between Estuary English and
453:
can have an onset lower than RP but higher than Cockney:
2058:. Colchester : Benham – via Internet Archive.
2011:. Colchester : Benham – via Internet Archive.
1412:"You've no ought" was the equivalent of "you should not"
834:) realised as or , sounding more like the diphthong in
804:. Their shared characteristics have been caricatured as
1261:. In the 19th century, across all of Southern England,
1072:) realised as an unrounded vowel , as in many forms of
870:) realised as an unrounded vowel , as in many forms of
2307:
Sussex as She Wus Spoke: A Guide to the Sussex Dialect
948:
In traditional Southern rural accents, the voiceless
727:, was published by the Philological Society in 1973.
1656:
1530:
messengers – small clouds (also called "water dogs")
1281:
471:
lowers and backs, different from both RP and Cockney
250:
98:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
2073:. London G. Routledge – via Internet Archive.
2026:. London G. Routledge – via Internet Archive.
1461:
baulky – is said of a person who tries to avoid you
1275:
877:In traditional West Country accents, the voiceless
730:
2135:
2123:
2041:
1790:
1725:
1548:ornary – being unwell (the word means "ordinary")
1369:, during the 1870s and first published by him in
80:Varieties of English language in Southern England
3480:
1958:. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing. p.
1954:Social Dialectology: In Honour of Peter Trudgill
475:It retains some aspects of Cockney, such as the
112:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
2071:"A contribution to an Essex dialect dictionary"
2024:"A contribution to an Essex dialect dictionary"
1949:
1825:, pages 60-61, Cambridge University Press, 1984
1506:gratten – stubble left in a field after harvest
1182:traditional Essaxon and East Anglian features.
638:
1754:
1479:bly – a likeness, "he has a bly of his father"
2354:
1726:Kortmann, Bernd; Schneider, Edgar W. (2004).
1442:Phonological features included long-standing
1186:19th-century Kent, Sussex, and Surrey English
1135:has greater similarities to that of Norfolk.
892:, giving pronunciations like "Zummerzet" for
819:tend to be more prevalent in older speakers.
222:
2712:
1166:meaning "to beat up batter for pudding" and
1809:, page 61, Cambridge University Press, 1984
1732:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Company KG.
258:(phonetically ) occurs only before vowels.
3388:Comparison of American and British English
2361:
2347:
2177:
1485:comb – the moss that grows on church bells
1458:bannick – a verb meaning to beat or thrash
2187:. Lewes: Farncombe & Co. p. vii.
2054:Benham, Charles Edwin (23 October 2017).
2007:Benham, Charles Edwin (23 October 2017).
68:Learn how and when to remove this message
3081:
2333:English (Southern England) DoReCo corpus
2298:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2162:
2147:
1605:uppards – towards London or in the north
1515:innardly – to talk innardly is to mumble
1455:bait – an afternoon meal about 4 pm
170:
159:
1930:
1928:
1396:Syntax of the Surrey dialect included:
958:
773:
195:(RP), popular in the 20th century with
3481:
2279:
2273:
2249:
2181:The Kentish Dialect and Provincialisms
2105:from the original on 12 September 2020
2053:
2006:
1307:, was familiar with the mudflats near
187:between the extremes of working-class
2342:
2304:
2207:
2196:
2194:
1893:"Norfolk England Dialect Orthography"
1599:tidy – adjective meaning good or well
1578:shuckish – unsettled, showery weather
1560:quirk – a faint noise indicating fear
3458:Non-native pronunciations of English
2068:
2021:
1925:
1748:
1473:beleft – the participle of "believe"
1226:) is very occasionally used for the
563:is monophthongized to , for example
102:. For the distinction between ,
15:
2171:
2095:"BBC - Kent - Voices 2005 - Voices"
1988:. Trübner & Company. pp. 5, 22.
1908:, written by Norfolk-born linguist
1436:"all along of" meaning "because of"
1111:East Anglian accents are generally
13:
2191:
1729:A Handbook of Varieties of English
1150:was common in Essex. In addition,
888:respectively) are often voiced to
417:as Cockney, but still more than RP
281:(this can also be a monophthong: )
14:
3505:
2326:
2222:, (1893), Oxford University Press
1645:in place of the standard English
1494:fail – a verb meaning to fall ill
1299:The pattern of speech in some of
501:) and replacement of with (the
1838:Jamaican pronunciation in London
1673:
1659:
1292:) was a common pronunciation of
1271:
725:Jamaican pronunciation in London
441:can take the more RP variant of
246:
20:
2243:
2234:
2225:
2156:
2141:
2092:
2086:
2077:
2062:
2056:"Essex ballads and other poems"
2047:
2015:
2009:"Essex ballads and other poems"
2000:
1991:
1985:A glossary of the Essex dialect
1976:
1914:
1545:nurt – a verb meaning to entice
1533:middlin – reasonable or average
1476:bettermost – upper-class people
1245:in pre-vocalic position: thus,
969:Features which can be found in
766:"Estuary-isms" can be found in
731:Berkshire and Hampshire English
719:are also heard from Jamaicans.
669:parts of working-class London.
631:of (dark L) to , for example,
288:in open syllables, for example
207:Outside of South East England,
94:International Phonetic Alphabet
3408:English-based creole languages
2262:: Farncombe & Co. p.
1884:
1870:
1856:
1847:
1828:
1812:
1796:
1536:mixen – a heap of dung or soil
1311:and created a comic character
1:
3448:List of English-based pidgins
2136:Kortmann & Schneider 2004
2124:Kortmann & Schneider 2004
2042:Kortmann & Schneider 2004
1982:Charnock, Richard S. (1880).
1823:Language in the British Isles
1807:Language in the British Isles
1791:Kortmann & Schneider 2004
1719:
1521:lief – rather, "I'd lief not"
1025:may be realised as , so that
684:is replaced by , for example
3443:Linguistic purism in English
2309:. Seaford: SB Publications.
2202:Dictionary of Surrey English
1415:"See" was used for saw (the
1143:The East Anglian feature of
1029:may sound to outsiders like
645:Multicultural London English
639:Multicultural London English
7:
3489:English language in England
2544:London & Thames Estuary
2286:. Lewes: Farncombe & Co
2178:Parish, W.D.; Shaw (1888).
1714:Regional accents of English
1652:
1563:runagate – good for nothing
1554:picksome – pretty or dainty
1503:foundrous – boggy or marshy
1488:clung – moist or damp grass
1381:Surrey grammatical features
1357:, and in parts of northern
284:diphthongal realisation of
265:diphthongal realisation of
120:English in Southern England
40:. The specific problem is:
10:
3510:
3403:English as a lingua franca
2220:A Glossary of Surrey Words
1890:There are more details on
1768:Cambridge University Press
1371:A Glossary of Surrey Words
1160:Survey of English Dialects
962:
777:
642:
520:
516:
226:
223:London and Estuary English
43:described on the talk page
3383:Broad and general accents
3365:
3318:
3293:regional and occupational
3273:
3260:
3253:
3165:
3126:
3074:
3052:
2992:
2924:
2789:
2778:
2723:
2705:
2678:
2650:
2613:
2590:
2529:
2491:
2414:
2405:
2394:
2385:
1620:
1340:
509:words and use of or in
244:: that is, the consonant
2167:, Poppyland, p. 157
2163:Trudgill, Peter (2003),
2148:Trudgill, Peter (2003),
1709:Falkland Islands English
1542:notation – making a fuss
1138:
1080:Merger of the vowels of
691:. In London, word-final
130:; or in the UK, simply,
128:Southern England English
124:Southern English English
2152:, Poppyland, p. 84
1569:scrow – a verb to scowl
1551:peart – brisk or lively
1450:Surrey lexical features
973:English (especially in
386:, namely , for example
90:phonetic transcriptions
2561:Received Pronunciation
2280:Parish, W. D. (1875).
2250:Parish, W. D. (1875).
1997:Charnock, 1880, p. 23.
1878:"Do You Speak Pompey?"
1596:the big smoke – London
1394:
1127:is different from the
1056:Received Pronunciation
987:after all consonants:
886:sat, farm, think, shed
854:Received Pronunciation
836:Received Pronunciation
193:Received Pronunciation
180:
168:
87:This article contains
2755:Multicultural Toronto
2069:Gepp, Edward (1920).
2022:Gepp, Edward (1920).
1689:South African English
1587:statesman – landowner
1518:leastways – otherwise
1470:befront – in front of
1387:
1023:toe, moan, road, boat
1011:toe, moan, road, boat
817:Isle of Wight accents
174:
163:
2916:Western Pennsylvania
2305:Wales, Tony (2000).
2240:Wells, 1982, p. 335.
2231:Wells, 1982, p. 331.
2138:, pp. 174, 175.
2083:Wells, 1982, p. 335.
1853:Wells, 1982, p. 341.
1842:Philological Society
1793:, pp. 164, 197.
1572:shatter – sprinkling
1527:market fresh – drunk
1209:East Anglian English
1199:, and high (or even
1004:Early Modern English
965:East Anglian English
959:East Anglian English
780:West Country English
774:West Country English
744:West Country English
420:Increased amount of
312:often contrast with
217:East Anglian English
209:West Country English
149:" is on the rise in
50:improve this article
36:to meet Knowledge's
3453:Mid-Atlantic accent
3044:Trinidad and Tobago
2165:The Norfolk Dialect
2150:The Norfolk Dialect
1899:on 22 February 2008
1770:. pp. 400–70.
1704:New Zealand English
1635:Reduplicated plural
1608:venturesome – brave
1509:hem – a lot or much
1482:burden – a quantity
2976:Pennsylvania Dutch
2218:Gower, Granville,
1760:Accents of English
1699:Zimbabwean English
1694:Australian English
1602:timmersome – timid
1385:Gowers mentions:
1241:was pronounced as
621:to (for example,
398:can contrast with
359:into two phonemes
213:South West England
181:
169:
151:South East England
3476:
3475:
3361:
3360:
3161:
3160:
3070:
3069:
2988:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2909:Pacific Northwest
2770:Standard Canadian
2701:
2700:
2646:
2645:
2586:
2585:
2316:978-1-85770-209-5
1821:in Trudgill ed.,
1805:in Trudgill ed.,
1739:978-3-11-017532-5
1584:spoon meat – soup
1467:beatle – a mallet
1269:(non-rhotically,
723:'s dissertation,
613:to (for example
605:to (for example
597:to (for example
327:in words such as
164:Foot-strut split
78:
77:
70:
38:quality standards
29:This article may
3501:
3494:Southern England
3373:English language
3258:
3257:
3079:
3078:
3062:Falkland Islands
2961:General American
2934:African-American
2787:
2786:
2721:
2720:
2710:
2709:
2412:
2411:
2403:
2402:
2392:
2391:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2340:
2339:
2321:
2320:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2247:
2241:
2238:
2232:
2229:
2223:
2216:
2205:
2198:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2028:
2027:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2004:
1998:
1995:
1989:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1957:
1947:
1938:
1932:
1923:
1918:
1912:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1895:. Archived from
1888:
1882:
1881:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1845:
1832:
1826:
1816:
1810:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1752:
1743:
1683:
1678:
1677:
1669:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1628:
1581:snob – shoemaker
1539:mothery – mouldy
1497:fly-golding – a
1365:(1838–1895), of
1291:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1244:
1240:
1233:
1230:vowel, normally
1229:
1225:
1221:
1206:
1198:
1194:
1099:
1095:
1074:American English
1067:
1049:
1042:
1021:). The vowel of
1019:tow, mown, rowed
1016:
1008:
954:
891:
883:
872:American English
865:
847:
829:
713:Hypercorrections
706:
702:
699:applies also to
698:
694:
690:
683:
678:Jamaican English
620:
612:
604:
596:
562:
470:
464:
458:
452:
446:
440:
433:
385:
382:before "dark L"
381:
366:
362:
358:
326:
287:
272:
268:
257:
256:
253:
252:
140:Southern England
132:Southern English
109:
105:
73:
66:
62:
59:
53:
24:
23:
16:
3509:
3508:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3357:
3314:
3269:
3249:
3157:
3153:Solomon Islands
3122:
3066:
3048:
2980:
2971:New York Latino
2946:American Indian
2926:
2920:
2781:
2774:
2715:
2697:
2683:Channel Islands
2674:
2642:
2609:
2582:
2525:
2487:
2397:
2381:
2367:
2329:
2324:
2317:
2303:
2299:
2289:
2287:
2278:
2274:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2217:
2208:
2200:Davis, Graeme,
2199:
2192:
2184:
2176:
2172:
2161:
2157:
2146:
2142:
2134:
2130:
2122:
2118:
2108:
2106:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2067:
2063:
2052:
2048:
2040:
2031:
2020:
2016:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1948:
1941:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1915:
1902:
1900:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1833:
1829:
1817:
1813:
1801:
1797:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1753:
1749:
1740:
1722:
1681:Language portal
1679:
1672:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1626:
1623:
1618:
1617:
1611:welt – scorched
1575:shifty – untidy
1557:platty – uneven
1491:dryth – drought
1464:beazled – tired
1451:
1444:yod-coalescence
1440:
1439:
1382:
1347:historic county
1343:
1335:yod-coalescence
1301:Charles Dickens
1274:
1270:
1227:
1223:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1141:
1131:accent, whilst
1121:Norfolk dialect
1000:long mid merger
998:Absence of the
995:as , and so on.
967:
961:
953:/s/,/f/,/θ/,/ʃ/
882:/s/,/f/,/θ/,/ʃ/
782:
776:
733:
647:
641:
525:
519:
468:
462:
456:
450:
444:
438:
431:
323:lengthening of
249:
245:
231:
229:Estuary English
225:
147:Estuary English
122:(also, rarely,
117:
116:
115:
81:
74:
63:
57:
54:
47:
25:
21:
12:
11:
5:
3507:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3415:
3413:Englishisation
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3324:
3322:
3320:Southeast Asia
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3285:
3279:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3235:South Atlantic
3232:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3133:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3087:
3085:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3017:Cayman Islands
3014:
3009:
3004:
2998:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2930:
2928:
2927:ethno-cultural
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2796:
2790:
2784:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2735:
2729:
2727:
2718:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2656:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2619:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2596:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2563:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2541:
2535:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2519:Stoke-on-Trent
2516:
2511:
2501:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2426:
2420:
2418:
2409:
2400:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2378:Modern English
2366:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2328:
2327:External links
2325:
2323:
2322:
2315:
2297:
2272:
2252:"Ammut-castès"
2242:
2233:
2224:
2206:
2190:
2170:
2155:
2140:
2128:
2126:, p. 210.
2116:
2085:
2076:
2061:
2046:
2044:, p. 180.
2029:
2014:
1999:
1990:
1975:
1968:
1939:
1924:
1913:
1910:Peter Trudgill
1883:
1869:
1855:
1846:
1827:
1811:
1795:
1783:
1776:
1756:Wells, John C.
1746:
1745:
1744:
1738:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1670:
1654:
1651:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1609:
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1600:
1597:
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1591:
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1582:
1579:
1576:
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1564:
1561:
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1522:
1519:
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1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
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1489:
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1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
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1448:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1342:
1339:
1187:
1184:
1178:for "houses".
1140:
1137:
1125:Cambridgeshire
1117:
1116:
1109:
1077:
1062:
1046:The diphthong
1044:
1034:
996:
963:Main article:
960:
957:
946:
945:
944:, South Devon)
916:
905:
900:, "zhure" for
875:
860:
844:The diphthong
842:
826:The diphthong
778:Main article:
775:
772:
748:West Berkshire
732:
729:
707:, for example
672:The speech of
643:Main article:
640:
637:
636:
635:
626:
588:
579:
575:, for example
567:
554:
550:, for example
529:City of London
521:Main article:
518:
515:
497:(for example,
473:
472:
466:
460:
454:
448:
442:
436:
428:
427:, like Cockney
418:
404:
403:
372:
321:
282:
273:, for example
238:Thames Estuary
227:Main article:
224:
221:
136:Modern English
110:⟩, see
86:
85:
84:
79:
76:
75:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3506:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3433:International
3431:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3113:Torres Strait
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2848:North-Central
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2826:New York City
2824:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2777:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2760:Ottawa Valley
2758:
2756:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2555:
2554:Multicultural
2552:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2514:Black Country
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2504:West Midlands
2502:
2500:
2499:East Midlands
2497:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2393:
2390:
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2384:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2359:
2357:
2352:
2350:
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2344:
2341:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2318:
2312:
2308:
2301:
2285:
2284:
2276:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2246:
2237:
2228:
2221:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2203:
2197:
2195:
2183:
2182:
2174:
2166:
2159:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2132:
2125:
2120:
2104:
2100:
2099:www.bbc.co.uk
2096:
2089:
2080:
2072:
2065:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2025:
2018:
2010:
2003:
1994:
1987:
1986:
1979:
1971:
1969:9781588114037
1965:
1961:
1956:
1955:
1946:
1944:
1936:
1931:
1929:
1922:
1917:
1911:
1898:
1894:
1887:
1879:
1873:
1865:
1859:
1850:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1835:John C. Wells
1831:
1824:
1820:
1819:John C. Wells
1815:
1808:
1804:
1803:John C. Wells
1799:
1792:
1787:
1779:
1777:0-521-24225-8
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1671:
1668:
1657:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1593:swimy – giddy
1592:
1590:stood – stuck
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
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1428:
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1418:
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1399:
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1397:
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1392:
1386:
1378:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1363:Leveson Gower
1360:
1356:
1353:, in western
1352:
1348:
1338:
1336:
1333:, as well as
1332:
1328:
1324:
1323:-vocalization
1322:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1289:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1249:sounded like
1248:
1235:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1202:
1183:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1152:Mersea Island
1149:
1147:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1045:
1039:frequent for
1038:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1012:
1005:
1001:
997:
994:
990:
986:
984:
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978:
976:
972:
966:
956:
951:
943:
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931:
927:
923:
921:
917:
914:
910:
906:
903:
899:
896:, "varm" for
895:
887:
880:
876:
873:
869:
861:
858:
855:
851:
843:
840:
837:
833:
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824:
823:
820:
818:
814:
809:
807:
803:
799:
795:
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787:
781:
771:
769:
764:
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754:
749:
745:
741:
737:
728:
726:
722:
721:John C. Wells
718:
714:
710:
687:
679:
675:
670:
668:
667:multicultural
664:
660:
656:
652:
646:
634:
630:
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616:
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467:
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424:
419:
416:
414:
409:
408:
407:
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397:
393:
389:
377:
373:
370:
369:bad–lad split
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
322:
319:
315:
311:
307:
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299:
295:
291:
283:
280:
276:
264:
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243:
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220:
218:
214:
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186:
178:
173:
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158:
156:
155:Home Counties
152:
148:
143:
141:
137:
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129:
125:
121:
113:
101:
97:
95:
91:
83:
72:
69:
61:
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35:
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18:
17:
3218:South Africa
3213:Sierra Leone
2966:Miami Latino
2855:Philadelphia
2843:Inland North
2748:Newfoundland
2566:West Country
2530:
2380:by continent
2306:
2300:
2288:. Retrieved
2282:
2275:
2267:
2255:
2245:
2236:
2227:
2219:
2204:(2007), p.30
2201:
2180:
2173:
2164:
2158:
2149:
2143:
2131:
2119:
2107:. Retrieved
2098:
2088:
2079:
2064:
2049:
2017:
2002:
1993:
1983:
1978:
1953:
1916:
1901:. Retrieved
1897:the original
1886:
1872:
1858:
1849:
1837:
1830:
1822:
1814:
1806:
1798:
1786:
1759:
1750:
1728:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1624:
1524:lippy – rude
1441:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1375:
1370:
1367:Titsey Place
1344:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1298:
1293:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1236:
1217:
1213:
1189:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1145:
1142:
1118:
1105:
1101:
1085:
1081:
1069:
1058:
1051:
1037:Glottal stop
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1010:
992:
988:
982:
971:East Anglian
968:
947:
933:
919:
912:
901:
897:
893:
885:
867:
856:
849:
838:
831:
821:
813:West Country
810:
783:
765:
757:Lord Denning
734:
724:
716:
709:both of them
708:
685:
671:
648:
632:
629:Vocalisation
622:
614:
606:
598:
585:
576:
570:
564:
551:
526:
510:
506:
503:glottal stop
498:
488:-coalescence
485:
477:vocalisation
474:
435:fronting to
422:
412:
410:Not as much
405:
399:
395:
391:
387:
355:): split of
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
278:
274:
260:
240:accents are
236:and greater
232:
206:
197:upper-middle
182:
144:
131:
127:
123:
119:
118:
106:and ⟨
88:
82:
64:
58:October 2023
55:
48:Please help
41:
30:
3343:Philippines
3136:New Zealand
3022:Bay Islands
3002:The Bahamas
2925:Social and
2882:New Orleans
2799:New England
2693:Isle of Man
2638:Port Talbot
2539:East Anglia
2456:Northumbria
2109:29 December
1631:th-stopping
1614:wift – quic
1421:past simple
1265:without an
1156:Th-fronting
1108:homophones.
977:) include:
926:South Devon
802:Oxfordshire
761:Reg Presley
753:John Arlott
582:Replacement
548:labiodental
483:) to , and
459:fronted to
201:upper-class
52:if you can.
3483:Categories
3283:Bangladesh
3275:South Asia
3228:Cape Flats
3178:The Gambia
3103:Aboriginal
2939:vernacular
2904:California
2877:High Tider
2872:Appalachia
2733:Aboriginal
2665:South-West
2509:Birmingham
2466:Sunderland
2451:Manchester
2441:Lancashire
1903:2008-02-22
1720:References
1643:ghostesses
1641:, such as
1629:vowel and
1373:in 1893.
1313:Sam Weller
1218:The vowel
1113:non-rhotic
1100:), making
1064:The vowel
950:fricatives
938:Berry Head
934:Berry 'Aid
879:fricatives
862:The vowel
798:Shropshire
768:Portsmouth
715:like for
540:fricatives
242:non-rhotic
138:spoken in
3348:Singapore
3310:Sri Lanka
3265:Hong Kong
3091:variation
3083:Australia
2994:Caribbean
2860:Baltimore
2743:Lunenburg
2688:Gibraltar
2605:Highlands
2483:Yorkshire
2446:Liverpool
1937:, page 44
1764:Cambridge
1667:UK portal
1417:preterite
1337:in Kent.
1309:Rochester
1148:-dropping
989:beautiful
985:-dropping
922:-dropping
806:Mummerset
740:Hampshire
736:Berkshire
674:Jamaicans
655:sociolect
593:shift of
591:Diphthong
573:-dropping
558:diphthong
495:syllables
425:-fronting
415:-dropping
376:allophone
185:levelling
3468:Standard
3438:Learning
3426:Nerrière
3417:Globish
3333:Malaysia
3305:Pakistan
3245:Zimbabwe
3173:Cameroon
3007:Barbados
2738:Atlantic
2706:Americas
2623:Abercraf
2592:Scotland
2571:Cornwall
2492:Midlands
2476:Teesside
2471:Tyneside
2461:Pitmatic
2424:Cheshire
2370:Dialects
2103:Archived
1758:(1982).
1653:See also
1499:ladybird
1423:) of see
1419:usually
1195:, front
1172:hodmadod
1168:hodmedod
1002:between
930:Cornwall
894:Somerset
794:isogloss
653:(and/or
544:replaced
492:stressed
166:isogloss
153:and the
104:/ /
100:Help:IPA
31:require
3398:Engrish
3393:E-Prime
3366:Related
3353:Vietnam
3338:Myanmar
3208:Nigeria
3203:Namibia
3193:Liberia
3075:Oceania
3057:Bermuda
3029:Jamaica
2956:Chicano
2794:Midland
2780:United
2716:America
2652:Ireland
2628:Cardiff
2600:Glasgow
2549:Cockney
2429:Cumbria
2407:England
2398:Britain
2374:accents
2290:12 June
1844:(1973).
1251:willage
1247:village
1222:(as in
1133:Suffolk
1129:Norfolk
1068:(as in
1050:(as in
1017:(as in
1009:(as in
975:Norfolk
942:Brixham
909:Bristol
907:In the
884:(as in
866:(as in
848:(as in
830:(as in
790:broad A
659:English
651:dialect
617:), and
523:Cockney
517:Cockney
513:words.
465:fronted
390:versus
189:Cockney
92:in the
33:cleanup
3421:Gogate
3328:Brunei
3240:Uganda
3223:accent
3198:Malawi
3166:Africa
3141:accent
3096:accent
3039:Samaná
3012:Bequia
2831:accent
2804:Boston
2782:States
2765:Quebec
2725:Canada
2714:North
2670:Ulster
2660:Dublin
2576:Dorset
2434:Barrow
2396:Great
2387:Europe
2313:
1966:
1774:
1736:
1647:ghosts
1621:Sussex
1430:rain."
1359:Sussex
1351:Surrey
1341:Surrey
1305:Higham
1176:housen
1086:square
1059:choice
1013:) and
936:" for
904:, etc.
839:choice
786:rhotic
689:/boːt/
663:youths
633:people
537:dental
481:dark L
396:wholly
367:. See
234:London
215:) and
177:rhotic
108:
3463:Plain
3378:Basic
3300:Nepal
3288:India
3188:Kenya
3183:Ghana
3148:Palau
3108:South
2951:Cajun
2892:Texas
2887:Older
2867:South
2838:North
2814:Maine
2633:Gower
2615:Wales
2531:South
2416:North
2260:Lewes
2185:(PDF)
2093:BBC.
1627:PRICE
1325:e.g.
1294:after
1263:arter
1259:wenom
1257:like
1255:venom
1228:STRUT
1205:PRICE
1201:round
1197:START
1193:MOUTH
1139:Essex
1106:cheer
1102:chair
1052:price
857:dress
850:mouth
832:price
703:from
657:) of
577:house
565:south
552:think
546:with
511:mouth
479:of (
457:GOOSE
445:PRICE
439:MOUTH
388:whole
343:(cf.
314:bored
310:pause
306:board
302:pause
298:board
96:(IPA)
3254:Asia
3131:Fiji
3118:West
3034:Saba
2899:West
2819:West
2809:East
2372:and
2311:ISBN
2292:2018
2111:2020
1964:ISBN
1840:The
1772:ISBN
1734:ISBN
1355:Kent
1253:and
1164:bonx
1104:and
1098:/ɛə/
1096:and
1094:/ɪə/
1084:and
1082:near
1048:/aɪ/
1031:boot
1027:boat
1015:/ɔʊ/
1007:/oː/
993:huge
940:(in
928:and
902:sure
898:farm
846:/aʊ/
828:/aɪ/
800:via
759:and
738:and
717:foot
686:both
619:/ɔɪ/
615:bite
611:/aɪ/
607:bait
603:/eɪ/
599:beet
595:/iː/
561:/aʊ/
556:The
542:are
535:The
507:trap
499:duty
469:TRAP
463:FOOT
451:FACE
432:GOAT
400:holy
392:holy
380:/əʊ/
365:/æː/
363:and
341:hand
318:paws
316:and
308:and
290:bore
286:/ɔː/
279:boot
275:beat
271:/uː/
269:and
267:/iː/
211:(of
199:and
2376:of
1960:233
1639:-st
1349:of
1331:owd
1329:as
1327:old
1243:/w/
1239:/v/
1232:/ʌ/
1224:LOT
1220:/ɒ/
1170:or
1146:yod
1070:lot
1066:/ɒ/
1041:/t/
983:Yod
932:, "
924:in
890:,,,
868:lot
864:/ɒ/
705:/θ/
701:/t/
697:/t/
693:/t/
682:/θ/
665:in
623:boy
609:),
601:),
586:hit
490:in
486:yod
378:of
374:an
361:/æ/
357:/æ/
353:lad
349:had
345:can
337:bag
333:sad
329:man
325:/æ/
294:paw
142:.
3485::
2266:.
2264:18
2258:.
2254:.
2209:^
2193:^
2101:.
2097:.
2032:^
1962:.
1942:^
1927:^
1766::
1762:.
1633:.
1296:.
1279:ɑː
1211:.
1203:)
1091:RP
808:.
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755:,
711:.
680:,
423:th
384:()
351:,
347:,
339:,
335:,
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300:,
292:,
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1880:.
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