236:
222:
400:
389:
122:
512:
529:
25:
250:
372:. Presently, most of the engine blocks in mass production are gray castings. Reducing weight has resulted in using aluminum-silicon alloys more frequently for the engine block in small-displacement engines. Engine blocks of comparable design, but using Al-Si alloys, are not lighter than cast iron engine blocks in the same ratio as that for the specific weights of the materials.
379:
Using vermicular graphite cast iron (GGV), a casting material with great strength, enables weight reductions by about 30% compared to conventional casting materials such as GG 25. Weight reduction, to this extent, requires engineering for the engine block, taking into account the particular needs of
270:
and coolant passages. In the earliest decades of internal combustion engine development, cylinders were usually cast individually, so cylinder blocks were usually produced separately for each cylinder. Following that, engines began to combine two or three cylinders into a single-cylinder block, with
375:
In engine blocks made of gray cast iron, weight can be reduced by optimizing the structure and thin-wall casting. With this casting technique, a wall thickness of as little as about 3 mm is generally possible. In comparison, the walls of cast iron engine blocks are usually from 4.0 to 5.5 mm thick.
298:
cylinder blocks use cylinder walls that are entirely removable and fit into the block using special gaskets. They are called "wet liners" because their outer sides come in direct contact with the engine's coolant. In other words, the liner is the entire cylinder wall, rather than merely a sleeve.
477:
Most engine blocks today, except some unusual V or radial engines and large marine engines, use a monobloc design with one block for all cylinders plus an integrated crankcase. In such cases, the skirts of the cylinder banks form a crankcase area of sorts, which is still often called a crankcase
545:
use a monobloc design where the cylinder head, block, and half of the crankcase share the same casting. Apart from cost, one reason for this is to produce an overall lower engine height. The primary disadvantage can be that repairs become more time-consuming and impractical.
429:
As casting techniques improved, an entire cylinder block of 4, 6, or 8 cylinders could be produced in one piece. This monobloc construction was more straightforward and more cost-effective to produce. All the cylinders and crankcase could be made in a single component for
184:. The first production engines of the 1880s to 1920s usually used separate components for each element, which were bolted together during engine assembly. Modern engines, however, often combine many elements into a single component to reduce production costs.
462: – introduced in 1932 – represented a significant development in the production of affordable V engines. It was the first V8 engine with a single-engine block casting, putting a V8 into an affordable car for the first time.
449:
retained a separate block casting for each cylinder bank, with both bolted onto a common crankcase (itself a separate casting). For economy, some engines were designed to use identical castings for each bank, left and right. A rare exception was the
308:
cylinder blocks use either the block's material or a discrete liner inserted into the block to form the backbone of the cylinder wall. Additional sleeves are inserted within, which remain "dry" outside, surrounded by the block's material.
286:
engines – each bank was typically made of one or multiple separate cylinder blocks. Since the 1930s, mass production methods have developed to allow both banks of cylinders to be integrated into the same cylinder block.
312:
For either wet or dry liner designs, the liners (or sleeves) can be replaced, potentially allowing an engine overhaul or rebuild without replacing the block itself. However, there are more practical repair options.
163:
The term "cylinder block" is often used interchangeably with "engine block". However, technically, the block of a modern engine (i.e., multiple cylinders integrated with another component) would be classified as a
415:. Most modern engines use a monobloc design, and few have a separate block for each cylinder. This has led to the term "engine block," which usually implies a monobloc design, with "monobloc" rarely used.
302:
The advantages of wet liners are a lower mass, reduced space requirements, and coolant being heated faster from a cold start, reducing start-up fuel consumption and heating the car cabin sooner.
426:(for water jackets etc). Most early engines, particularly those with more than four cylinders, had their cylinders cast as pairs or triplets of cylinders, then bolted to a separate crankcase.
187:
The evolution from separate components to monobloc engine blocks has gradually progressed since the early 20th century. The integration of elements has relied on the development of
152:
was attached. Modern engine blocks typically have the crankcase integrated with the cylinder block as a single component. Engine blocks often also include elements such as
132:. The large holes are the cylinders, the small round orifices are mounting holes, and the small oval orifices adjacent to the cylinders are coolant or oil ducts.
886:
362:. Aluminium blocks are much lighter and transfer heat more effectively to coolant, but iron blocks retain some advantages, such as durability and reduced
465:
The communal water jacket of monobloc designs permitted closer spacing between cylinders. The monobloc design approach also improved engines'
486:
153:
879:
235:
399:
221:
148:
and other components. The engine block in an early automotive engine consisted of just the cylinder block, to which a separate
1553:
1454:
326:
195:
techniques. For example, a practical, low-cost V8 engine was not feasible until Ford developed the methods used to build its
89:
817:
872:
628:
595:
designs integrate the cylinder block, crankcase, transmission, and rear axle into a single unit. An early example is the
61:
633:
1393:
322:
731:
706:
108:
68:
388:
748:
1071:
46:
1310:
75:
1368:
550:
42:
395:
engine, circa 1905. The cylinder heads are integrated into the engine block, but the crankcase is separate.
952:
1543:
57:
773:
1548:
895:
267:
137:
588:
use a similar layout, with the cylinder block and crankcase integrated with part of the transmission.
434:
cylinder layouts. One of the early engines produced using this method is the 4-cylinder engine in the
1504:
1418:
1383:
1363:
1315:
1223:
843:
489:, instead of cylinder sleeves, to further reduce weight. These types of engines can also be made of
1499:
1340:
1049:
566:
255:
Cylinders cast in a single block of six, with an integrated crankcase (turbocharger in background)
1274:
490:
459:
196:
35:
1096:
1213:
1054:
1208:
980:
485:
shells minimizes the effect of the relative softness of aluminium. Some engine designs use
423:
82:
8:
1358:
1256:
986:
578:
574:
439:
407:
with integrated crankcase. The cylinder head is tipped upwards for illustrative purposes.
211:
792:
581:
engines. This design often results in the engine and transmission sharing the same oil.
346:. As with cylinder blocks, this is primarily an integrated component in modern engines.
1279:
1076:
623:
669:
1081:
1021:
972:
727:
702:
570:
562:
363:
263:
177:
145:
1373:
1330:
1289:
1238:
1203:
1124:
1111:
680:. The Book of Modern Engines and Power Generators. London: Caxton. pp. 78–89.
1484:
1195:
1044:
1001:
431:
412:
404:
359:
283:
165:
553:-series and GXV-series engines, which are sometimes called "Uniblock" by Honda.
1350:
1320:
1175:
942:
694:
392:
121:
1537:
1522:
1413:
1406:
1228:
1160:
1155:
1119:
1036:
976:
937:
927:
864:
613:
181:
129:
1139:
1134:
1101:
1006:
996:
932:
542:
482:
435:
569:
and crankcase. Cars that have used this arrangement include the 1966-1973
1517:
1401:
1218:
1170:
1129:
1086:
1016:
818:"H and K-Series prototypes: BL's first attempt at replacing the A-Series"
618:
585:
511:
1489:
1449:
1428:
1423:
1325:
1233:
1165:
1091:
1031:
962:
455:
343:
274:
In early engines with multiple cylinder banks – such as
528:
199:. Other manufacturers then applied those techniques to their engines.
1444:
1185:
1180:
967:
947:
608:
466:
458:
of 1919, which used a single block casting combining both banks. The
355:
337:
305:
295:
279:
275:
192:
157:
149:
126:
24:
1467:
1463:
1335:
1066:
991:
957:
652:
549:
An example of engines with integrated cylinder heads are the Honda
446:
411:
An engine where all the cylinders share a common block is called a
469:
as cylinder numbers, engine lengths, and power ratings increased.
1494:
1378:
777:
596:
592:
419:
188:
1305:
1284:
1061:
1011:
517:
451:
249:
774:"Honda General Purpose Engines: GC Series - Single Cylinder"
675:
1459:
472:
176:
The main structure of an engine typically consists of the
906:
556:
422:
technology couldn't produce large castings with complex
565:
have used an engine block consisting of an integrated
418:
In the early years of the internal combustion engine,
271:
an engine combining several of these cylinder blocks.
496:
749:"Navistar Now Producing Engine Blocks, Heads in CGI"
722:
Sorensen, Charles E.; Williamson, Samuel T. (1956).
715:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
721:
262:A cylinder block is a structure that contains the
180:, coolant passages, oil galleries, crankcase, and
836:
1535:
227:Marine engine with cylinders cast in three pairs
844:"Tiny and Triumphant: The Morris / Austin Mini"
342:The crankcase is the structure that houses the
894:
438:, introduced in 1908. The technique spread to
880:
810:
785:
354:Engine blocks are typically cast from either
487:plasma transferred wire arc thermal spraying
370:Weight reductions through material selection
689:
687:
629:Automobile engine replacement § Short block
316:
887:
873:
634:Automobile engine replacement § Long block
534:Honda GX 160 engine in a ride-on lawnmower
693:
478:despite no longer being a discrete part.
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
953:Crankcase ventilation system (PCV valve)
684:
442:and was commonly used by the mid-1920s.
398:
387:
120:
473:Integrated cylinder block and crankcase
1536:
746:
726:. New York: Norton. pp. 225–231.
868:
557:Integrated crankcase and transmission
327:Oil pump (internal combustion engine)
241:Cylinders cast in two blocks of three
16:Part of an internal combustion engine
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
753:Foundry Management & Technology
747:Brooks, Robert (January 25, 2012).
144:is the structure that contains the
13:
678:The De Dion-Bouton Engine and Cars
497:Integrated cylinder block and head
493:, such as in some diesel engines.
323:Internal combustion engine cooling
290:
14:
1565:
202:
527:
510:
504:Integrated cylinder head engines
481:Using steel cylinder liners and
248:
234:
220:
23:
1055:Overhead valve (pushrod) layout
171:
34:needs additional citations for
766:
740:
653:"Minimizing Engine Block Mass"
645:
1:
793:"Lamborghini Miura SV (1971)"
639:
1554:Piston engine configurations
383:
349:
331:
7:
782:Includes sectioned drawings
602:
541:Some modern consumer-grade
10:
1570:
896:Internal combustion engine
335:
320:
138:internal combustion engine
1513:
1477:
1437:
1392:
1364:Diesel particulate filter
1349:
1316:Idle air control actuator
1298:
1265:
1257:Engine control unit (ECU)
1247:
1194:
1148:
1110:
1030:
915:
902:
445:Up until the 1930s, most
1429:Viscous fan (fan clutch)
1341:Throttle position sensor
1050:Overhead camshaft layout
724:My Forty Years with Ford
676:Kennedy, Rankin (1912).
584:Motorcycles such as the
317:Coolant and oil passages
968:Core plug (freeze plug)
573:and cars using the BMC
491:compacted graphite iron
848:www.ateupwithmotor.com
408:
396:
210:Cylinder blocks for a
133:
701:. Haynes Publishing.
402:
391:
124:
1209:Compression ignition
440:straight-six engines
43:improve this article
1359:Catalytic converter
520:V12 aircraft engine
1544:Automobile engines
1485:Knocking / pinging
1077:Combustion chamber
822:www.aronline.co.uk
797:www.netcarshow.com
624:List of auto parts
563:transverse engines
561:Several cars with
467:torsional rigidity
454:22½° narrow-angle
409:
403:Typical 1930-1960
397:
197:flathead V8 engine
134:
125:Block of a modern
1549:Engine technology
1531:
1530:
1500:Stratified charge
1267:Electrical system
1249:Engine management
1082:Compression ratio
1022:Starter ring gear
921:rotating assembly
571:Lamborghini Miura
364:thermal expansion
119:
118:
111:
93:
1561:
1374:Exhaust manifold
1239:Spark plug wires
1125:Boost controller
1112:Forced induction
889:
882:
875:
866:
865:
860:
859:
857:
855:
840:
834:
833:
831:
829:
814:
808:
807:
805:
803:
789:
783:
781:
776:. Archived from
770:
764:
763:
761:
759:
744:
738:
737:
719:
713:
712:
691:
682:
681:
673:
667:
666:
664:
663:
649:
531:
514:
460:Ford flathead V8
268:cylinder sleeves
252:
238:
224:
182:cylinder head(s)
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1509:
1505:Top dead centre
1473:
1433:
1388:
1345:
1294:
1268:
1261:
1250:
1243:
1190:
1144:
1106:
1062:Tappet / lifter
1045:Flathead layout
1035:
1026:
920:
911:
898:
893:
863:
853:
851:
842:
841:
837:
827:
825:
816:
815:
811:
801:
799:
791:
790:
786:
772:
771:
767:
757:
755:
745:
741:
734:
720:
716:
709:
695:Ludvigsen, Karl
692:
685:
674:
670:
661:
659:
651:
650:
646:
642:
605:
559:
539:
538:
537:
536:
535:
532:
523:
522:
521:
515:
506:
505:
499:
475:
432:straight engine
413:monobloc engine
405:flathead engine
386:
360:aluminium alloy
352:
340:
334:
329:
319:
293:
291:Cylinder liners
260:
259:
258:
257:
256:
253:
244:
243:
242:
239:
230:
229:
228:
225:
216:
215:
205:
174:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1567:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1396:
1394:Cooling system
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1355:
1353:
1351:Exhaust system
1347:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1321:Inlet manifold
1318:
1313:
1308:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1200:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1176:Fuel injection
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1116:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1041:
1039:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
943:Connecting rod
940:
935:
930:
924:
922:
913:
912:
903:
900:
899:
892:
891:
884:
877:
869:
862:
861:
835:
824:. 22 July 2017
809:
784:
780:on 2010-11-27.
765:
739:
732:
714:
707:
699:The V12 Engine
683:
668:
643:
641:
638:
637:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
604:
601:
558:
555:
533:
526:
525:
524:
516:
509:
508:
507:
503:
502:
501:
500:
498:
495:
474:
471:
424:internal cores
393:De Dion-Bouton
385:
382:
380:the material.
351:
348:
336:Main article:
333:
330:
318:
315:
292:
289:
254:
247:
246:
245:
240:
233:
232:
231:
226:
219:
218:
217:
209:
208:
207:
206:
204:
203:Cylinder block
201:
173:
170:
117:
116:
58:"Engine block"
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1566:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1407:Water cooling
1405:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1384:Oxygen sensor
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:Intake system
1297:
1291:
1290:Starter motor
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1229:Ignition coil
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1161:Petrol engine
1159:
1157:
1156:Diesel engine
1154:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1120:Blowoff valve
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1037:Cylinder head
1033:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
982:
978:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
928:Balance shaft
926:
925:
923:
918:
914:
910:
908:
901:
897:
890:
885:
883:
878:
876:
871:
870:
867:
849:
845:
839:
823:
819:
813:
798:
794:
788:
779:
775:
769:
754:
750:
743:
735:
733:9780814332795
729:
725:
718:
710:
708:1-84425-004-0
704:
700:
696:
690:
688:
679:
672:
658:
654:
648:
644:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
614:Cylinder head
612:
610:
607:
606:
600:
598:
594:
589:
587:
582:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
554:
552:
547:
544:
543:small engines
530:
519:
513:
494:
492:
488:
484:
479:
470:
468:
463:
461:
457:
453:
448:
443:
441:
437:
433:
427:
425:
421:
416:
414:
406:
401:
394:
390:
381:
377:
373:
371:
367:
365:
361:
357:
347:
345:
339:
328:
324:
314:
310:
307:
303:
300:
297:
288:
285:
281:
277:
272:
269:
265:
251:
237:
223:
213:
200:
198:
194:
190:
185:
183:
179:
169:
167:
161:
159:
156:passages and
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
131:
130:diesel engine
128:
123:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1414:Electric fan
1214:Coil-on-plug
1140:Turbocharger
1135:Supercharger
1007:Main bearing
997:Firing order
987:Displacement
933:Block heater
917:Engine block
916:
905:Part of the
904:
852:. Retrieved
850:. 1 May 2010
847:
838:
826:. Retrieved
821:
812:
800:. Retrieved
796:
787:
778:the original
768:
756:. Retrieved
752:
742:
723:
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677:
671:
660:. Retrieved
656:
647:
590:
583:
567:transmission
560:
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540:
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444:
436:Ford Model T
428:
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186:
175:
172:Construction
162:
142:engine block
141:
135:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1438:Lubrication
1402:Air cooling
1219:Distributor
1171:Fuel filter
1149:Fuel system
1130:Intercooler
1097:Timing belt
1087:Head gasket
1017:Piston ring
854:12 December
828:12 December
802:12 December
657:studedu.org
619:Head gasket
586:Honda CB750
266:, plus any
160:galleries.
1538:Categories
1490:Power band
1450:Oil filter
1424:Thermostat
1369:EGT sensor
1331:MAF sensor
1326:MAP sensor
1311:Air filter
1275:Alternator
1234:Spark plug
1166:Carburetor
1092:Rocker arm
1032:Valvetrain
963:Crankshaft
907:Automobile
662:2024-05-14
640:References
591:Many farm
344:crankshaft
321:See also:
212:straight-6
99:March 2022
69:newspapers
1224:Glow plug
1186:Fuel tank
1181:Fuel pump
948:Crankcase
609:Core plug
599:tractor.
447:V engines
384:Monoblocs
356:cast iron
350:Materials
338:Crankcase
332:Crankcase
306:Dry liner
296:Wet liner
193:machining
178:cylinders
150:crankcase
146:cylinders
1523:Category
1468:Dry sump
1464:Wet sump
1455:Oil pump
1419:Radiator
1336:Throttle
1196:Ignition
1067:Camshaft
992:Flywheel
973:Cylinder
958:Crankpin
697:(2005).
603:See also
579:E-series
575:A-series
264:cylinder
166:monobloc
1495:Redline
1379:Muffler
1280:Battery
1204:Magneto
597:Fordson
593:tractor
483:bearing
420:casting
189:foundry
154:coolant
83:scholar
1518:Portal
1306:Airbox
1285:Dynamo
1012:Piston
1002:Stroke
981:layout
909:series
758:May 2,
730:
705:
518:DB 605
452:Lancia
358:or an
284:flat-6
214:engine
140:, the
136:In an
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1478:Other
1102:Valve
1072:Chest
282:, or
90:JSTOR
76:books
1460:Sump
977:bank
938:Bore
856:2018
830:2018
804:2018
760:2017
728:ISBN
703:ISBN
577:and
325:and
191:and
62:news
1445:Oil
1034:and
919:and
456:V12
158:oil
45:by
1540::
1466:,
979:,
846:.
820:.
795:.
751:.
686:^
655:.
551:GC
366:.
280:V8
278:,
276:V6
168:.
127:V6
1470:)
1462:(
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975:(
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881:t
874:v
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