691:), had surrendered Wei Prefecture to him. Li Deyu advocated accepted Xidamou's surrender and further use it as a base to launch a major attack on Tufan. Niu, citing the peace treaty that Tang had entered with Tufan and that a Tufan attack against the Chang'an region would be devastating, advised against accepting Xidamou. Emperor Wenzong agreed and ordered Li Deyu to return Wei Prefecture to Tufan. Tufan subsequently slaughtered Xidamou and his subordinates, leading to a public outcry. (For centuries following, up to today, historians disagree over whether Li Deyu or Niu was correct.)
819:
the palace with him. They subsequently launched the Shence Army soldiers and slaughtered and arrested a high number of officials, including Li Xun. Jia, Shu, and Wang Ya were subsequently also executed, along with a large number of Li Xun's associates, under the accusation that they had planned to overthrow
Emperor Wenzong and support Zheng as the new emperor. Zheng was also assassinated at Fengxiang. (Because the claims of sweet dews were used as a tool to try to trap the eunuchs, this incident later became known as the
854:), submitted harshly-worded petitions accusing Qiu Shiliang and the other eunuchs of crimes. It was said that only after Liu's petitions that Qiu and the other eunuchs became apprehensive and allowed Emperor Wenzong, Li Shi, and Zheng Tan some ability to govern based on their own will. Still, when Emperor Wenzong ordered that Wang Ya and 10 other officials who were killed in the Ganlu Incident buried, Qiu had those officials bodies dug out of the tombs and thrown into the
1027:
957:
802:), to establish an army to use against the eunuchs. When, subsequently, Wang Shoucheng was forced to commit suicide on Emperor Wenzong's orders, Emperor Wenzong, Li Xun, and Zheng planned to use Wang Shoucheng's funeral as an excuse to gather the eunuchs and then use Zheng's troops to slaughter them. However, Li Xun, who was secretly jealous of Zheng, had a different plan that even Emperor Wenzong did not know about—to attack the eunuchs several days
641:, made a major attack against Xichuan. The Nanzhao forces advanced all the way to Chengdu, almost capturing it. Nanzhao demanded that Emperor Wenzong take action against Du, and Emperor Wenzong exiled him and subsequently entered into a peace agreement with Nanzhao. Still, Nanzhao forces seized tens of thousands of people from Xichuan and took them to Nanzhao as captives.
664:(after whom the Li Faction was later named by historians) from government. (Pei had recommended Li Deyu to be chancellor, but Li Zongmin was said to have triumphed over Li Deyu due to assistance by the eunuchs.) Meanwhile, Emperor Wenzong, tired of the eunuchs' influence over his governance and control of the palace, was secretly planning with the official
749:, also became a close associate of Emperor Wenzong's, despite Li Deyu's attempts to reject him based on his past crimes. In order to counteract Li Deyu, Zheng and Li Zhongyan advocated for Li Zongmin's return from Shannan West, to again serve as chancellor, with Li Deyu sent to Zhenhai Circuit (鎮海, headquartered in modern
733:), and Li Deyu was recalled to Chang'an, becoming chancellor in 833. Li Deyu used the opportunity to attack Li Zongmin's associates for factionalism, and many were demoted. Li Zongmin himself was soon sent out of Chang'an to serve as the military governor of Shannan West Circuit (山南西道, headquartered in modern
818:
and Yu
Hongzhi (魚弘志) the commanders of the Shence Armies, at Han's headquarters and then slaughtering the eunuchs there. However, Qiu and Yu, once they arrived at Han's headquarters, realized that something was amiss, and quickly returned to the imperial hall and seized Emperor Wenzong, returning to
777:
pills for
Emperor Wenzong that used infant hearts and livers as ingredients, Yang was arrested and exiled. When Li Zongmin tried to intercede for Yang, he too was exiled. It was said that Li Zhongyan (whose name had been changed to Li Xun by this point) and Zheng then used the opportunity to accuse
744:
Around the new year 833, Emperor
Wenzong suffered a stroke. As Zheng Zhu was a talented physician, Wang Shoucheng recommended Zheng to Emperor Wenzong, and after Zheng was able to treat Emperor Wenzong, Emperor Wenzong became close to Zheng, but it was said that from this point on, Emperor Wenzong's
525:
It was said that at the start of
Emperor Wenzong's reign, he, having observed the wastefulness that his father Emperor Muzong and brother Emperor Jingzong displayed in their reigns, sought to conserve, govern diligently, and meet with the officials frequently. The people thought that a peaceful time
497:
Wei
Congjian (魏從簡) and Liang Shouqian (梁守謙) counteracted against the conspirators, launching forces to slaughter them. Li Wu was also killed in this event. Wang and the other eunuchs subsequently had Li Han named the new emperor by orders issued in the name of his grandmother Consort Guo (who was
938:
to the palace, intending to entrust Li
Chengmei to them. However, Qiu and Yu Hongzhi, in control of the palace, opposed Li Chengmei because they were not consulted before Emperor Wenzong created Li Chengmei crown prince. Despite Li Jue's opposition, they issued an edict in Emperor Wenzong's name
910:
became chancellors successively, along with Zheng. Soon, partisanship again flared among the chancellors, pitting Zheng and Chen, both of whom were considered Li
Faction leaders, against Yang and Li Jue, both of whom were considered Niu Faction leader, and it was said that the chancellors' advice
772:
Li
Zongmin, however, would also not remain long as chancellor. He had offended Zheng by refusing to give Zheng a high-ranking post, and subsequently, when the family members of his close associate Yang Yuqing (楊虞卿) the mayor of Jingzhao Municipality (京兆, i.e., the Chang'an region) were accused of
560:
seized control of the circuit without imperial sanction, hoping to succeed his father. Initially, the imperial government took no action, and after
Emperor Wenzong took the throne, Li Tongjie sent his secretary Cui Congzhang (崔從長) and brothers Li Tongzhi (李同志) and Li Tongsun (李同巽) to the capital
480:
In 820, Emperor Xianzong died, and Li Heng took the throne (as Emperor Muzong). In 821, Emperor Muzong created a large number of his brothers and sons imperial princes, and Li Han was created the Prince of Jiāng. In 824, Emperor Muzong died and was succeeded by Li Zhan (as Emperor Jingzong).
918:
made false accusations against Li Yong's mother Consort Wang, and Consort Wang died as a result. Subsequently, there were further accusations that Li Yong was living in excess, and in 838, Emperor Wenzong briefly put Li Yong under arrest and considered removing him. Only at the urging of the
793:
Meanwhile, Emperor Wenzong, Li Xun, and Zheng, who were not suspected by the eunuchs because Li Xun and Zheng had both been recommended by Wang, had been planning a plot to slaughter the powerful eunuchs, and several key eunuchs had been taken out individually through assassinations and exiles
35:
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as their leader in resisting Li Ting. Subsequently, He Jintao defeated Li Ting, and the imperial government, with its treasury drained by the Henghai campaign, decided not to wage another war, and Emperor Wenzong allowed He Jintao to become the military governor of Weibo.
534:
objected and offered to resign, but Emperor Wenzong did not accept his resignation. Meanwhile, Emperor Wenzong honored his mother Consort Xiao as an empress dowager, and continued to honor his grandmother Grand Empress Dowager Guo and Emperor Jingzong's mother
943:
the Prince of Ying crown prince. Emperor Wenzong soon died, and after Emperor Wenzong's death, Chou persuaded Li Chan to order Li Chengmei, as well as Consort Yang and Li Rong, to commit suicide. Li Chan then took the throne (as Emperor Wuzong).
724:
Also in 832, in the aftermaths of the Xidamou incident, with popular sentiment turning against Niu Sengru, Niu resigned his chancellor position to become the military governor of Wuchang Circuit (武昌, headquartered in modern
565:
to pay homage to Emperor Wenzong, hoping that Emperor Wenzong would approve of his succession. In response, Emperor Wenzong commissioned Li Tongjie as the military governor of Yanhai Circuit (兗海, headquartered in modern
861:
It was said Emperor Wenzong, after the Ganlu Incident, became depressed and never smiled, and he was often seen mumbling to himself even at grand feasts. At one point, in a conversation with the imperial scholar
468:
Consort Ji, was. Only after Li Ning's death in 811 was Li You, whose name was then changed to Li Heng, created crown prince in 812. Li Han was Li You's second son, being born four months after his older brother
919:
imperial officials and Shence Army officers did Emperor Wenzong relent. However, Li Yong died shortly after, and some historians believe that Li Yong was murdered at Emperor Wenzong's implicit approval.
778:
any official they did not like as factional associates of Li Deyu or Li Zongmin, having them ejected from the imperial government. Serving as chancellors, by this point, were Li Xun, Li Xun's associates
609:), fearing that he would be the imperial forces' next target, offered to surrender his circuit to imperial control. Emperor Wenzong transferred Shi to Hezhong Circuit (河中, headquartered in modern
757:). It was said that around this time, Emperor Wenzong, exasperated at the factionalism that the Niu and Li Factions were engaging, commended, "It is easy to destroy the bandits north of the
542:
One of the major moves that Emperor Wenzong had to make, however, dealt with war—as, at the very end of Emperor Jingzong's reign, after the death of Li Quanlüe (李全略) the military governor (
526:
would be coming. However, it was also said that Emperor Wenzong, while humble and willing to open to suggestions, was indecisive, often changing his mind after initially agreeing to the
590:). Emperor Wenzong mobilized a number of circuits around Henghai to attack it, but could not immediately achieve success. Not until 829 was Li Tongjie defeated by the imperial general
926:
the Prince of An to be the new crown prince. When Emperor Wenzong consulted the chancellors, however, Li Jue opposed. Emperor Wenzong thus created Emperor Jingzong's youngest son
894:
Both King Nan and Emperor Xian were being controlled by strongly-armed vassals, but I am being controlled by house slaves. If you look at it this way, I am even inferior to them.
668:
on how the eunuchs, particularly Wang Shoucheng, could be disarmed. To further plan this, Emperor Wenzong made Song a chancellor as well. However, when Wang and his strategist
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were considered factional figures (of the faction historians later referred to as the Niu Faction, named after Niu), and they, together, ejected allies of their political rival
617:) and commissioned the imperial general Li Ting (李聽) to succeed him. Before Shi could depart Weibo, however, the Weibo soldiers mutinied, killed him, and supported the officer
806:
Wang's funeral and then also destroy Zheng. To this end, on 14 December, Li Xun had his associate, the general Han Yue (韓約), falsely announce that there were sweet dews (甘露,
866:, when he asked Zhou what kind of ancient rulers he could be compared with, and Zhou, to flatter him, responded that he could be compared with the mythical benevolent rulers
652:, in his old age, had taken less of a lead on government decisions (and was eventually sent out of the capital to serve as a military governor). The succeeding chancellors
721:
the Prince of Jin crown prince, but Li Pu died in 828, and it was said that Emperor Wenzong was so saddened that he waited for years before creating Li Yong crown prince.)
794:(followed by executions) by this point. In winter 835, the plan was beginning to be put into motion, as Zheng was sent to Fengxiang Circuit (鳳翔, headquartered in modern
539:
as well, so there were three empresses dowager in the palace. It was said that he served them with filial piety, always offering the best of the tributes to them first.
432:. A rare occurrence in Chinese history, Emperor Wenzong, along with his elder brother Emperor Jingzong and younger brother Emperor Wuzong, reigned in succession.
637:) troops, who were forced to resort to raiding Nanzhao's border regions due to the reduction in salaries by Xichuan's military governor, the former chancellor
761:, but difficult to destroy the factionalism among officials." Subsequently, with Li Deyu having been accused of being closely associated with Li Cou's
672:
later heard about the plot in 831, they counteracted by falsely accusing Song of planning to overthrow Emperor Wenzong and replace him with his brother
2733:
939:
demoting Li Chengmei back to Prince of Chen (under the excuse that Li Chengmei was too young) and creating another brother of Emperor Wenzong's,
911:
became motivated by partisan considerations, making it difficult for Emperor Wenzong to rule on them, until Zheng and Chen were removed in 839.
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as part of a diplomatic mission. On their return home in 839, these ambassadors presented the communication from the Chinese emperor to
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the Prince of Jiàng (note different tone) made emperor, but soon, a group of powerful eunuchs—the directors of palace communications
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the Prince of Chen to be the new crown prince in late 839. By spring 840, Emperor Wenzong was seriously ill. He had his trusted
679:
An event of major historical controversy occurred in 831. Li Deyu was then the military governor of Xichuan. Xidamou (悉怛謀), the
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823:.) In the aftermaths of the incident, Emperor Wenzong became physically under the eunuchs' hold, and he, the new chancellors
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tried to intercede for Li Deyu, he, too, was sent out of the capital to serve as the military governor of Zhenghai.
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In 837, Li Shi, after Qiu made an assassination attempt on him, resigned his chancellorship, and in his place,
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carved on stone tablets and publicly displayed, was completed at the imperial university for nobles (國子監,
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principles of succession, to be the proper heir to the throne, because his mother (Li Han's grandmother)
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648:, within Emperor Wenzong's administration—as, by this point, Wei Chuhou had died, and fellow chancellor
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spirit was weakened and could not be as strong as before. Subsequently, another associate of Wang's,
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485:, led by the eunuch Liu Keming (劉克明). Liu initially tried to have Emperor Muzong's younger brother
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890:. When Zhou Chi, surprised, noted that both were dynasty-ending rulers, Emperor Wenzong stated:
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crown prince. (Emperor Wenzong had previously planned to create Emperor Jingzong's oldest son
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In 837, a project commissioned by Emperor Wenzong, to have the texts and commentaries of the
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Around the new year 827, Emperor Jingzong was assassinated by a group of imperial guards and
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In the aftermath of Li Tongjie's defeat, however, one of the other warlords of the region,
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was then the Prince of Sui under Emperor Xianzong, but while Li You was considered, under
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then grand empress dowager) (as Emperor Wenzong). His name was changed to Li Ang.
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After Li Yong's death, Consort Yang recommended Emperor Wenzong's younger brother
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831:, and the other imperial officials, had their authorities severely reduced.
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Du Zhongyang (杜仲陽), he was further demoted and exiled. When the chancellor
456:, was Emperor Xianzong's wife and crown princess while Emperor Xianzong was
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of China. He reigned from 827 to 840. Emperor Wenzong was the second son of
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814:) on a tree near Han's headquarters, planning to trap the leading eunuchs,
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Liu Hongyi (劉弘逸) and Xue Jileng (薛季稜) summon the chancellors Li Jue and
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the military governor of Zhaoyi Circuit (昭義, headquartered in modern
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the Prince of Zhang. As a result, both Li Cou and Song were exiled.
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the military governor of Weibo Circuit (魏博, headquartered in modern
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Li Han was born in late 809, during the reign of his grandfather
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1003:'s swordplay as the "Three Wonders of the Great Tang Empire".
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Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland
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830 saw the start of factionalism, later known as the
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987:Emperor Wenzong issued an imperial decree, stating
548:) of Henghai Circuit (橫海, headquartered in modern
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914:Meanwhile, Emperor Wenzong's favorite concubine
594:(note different character than Emperor Muzong).
2249:, vol. 59 and commentaries contained therein.
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685:Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture
530:' suggestions. At one point, the chancellor
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1250:Worthy Consort Liu, of the Liu clan (刘贤妃 刘氏)
1247:Pure Consort Wang, of the Wang clan (王淑妃 王氏)
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16:Emperor of Tang China from 827 to 840 AD
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473:. His mother was Li You's concubine
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1208:Virtuous Consort, of the Wang clan (
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13:
14:
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1766:Emperor Wenzong of Tang (809–840)
1025:
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195:Emperor Zhaoxian (昭獻皇帝) (short)
52:13 January 827 – 10 February 840
2414:Annales des empereurs du japon.
2356:
2345:
2332:
2319:
2281:
2236:
834:
298:"Cultured Ancestor of the Tang"
197:Emperor Yuansheng Zhaoxian Xiao
177:Dàhé (大和) or Tàihé (太和) 827–835
2365:Annales des empereurs du japon
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388:
348:
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1:
2734:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
2247:Edition of the Zizhi Tongjian
2035:
435:
2804:9th-century Chinese monarchs
2799:Emperors of the Tang dynasty
2540:Emperors of the Tang dynasty
2040:
7:
1743:Lady Cui of Boling (d. 757)
1310:
1295:; 827–866), fourth daughter
842:In spring 836, the warlord
160:Later Áng (昂) (changed 827)
43:Emperor of the Tang dynasty
10:
2820:
2375:
1884:
1784:
1780:
1714:Princess Qizhaoyi (d. 810)
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1553:
1545:
1432:
1326:
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1253:Lady, of the Guo clan (郭氏)
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786:, and the senior official
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646:Niu-Li Factional Struggles
518:
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2362:Titsingh, Isaac. (1834).
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2484:Emperor Jingzong of Tang
1422:Emperor Xianzong of Tang
1364:Emperor Shunzong of Tang
1073:Chancellors during reign
501:
464:, by Emperor Xianzong's
24:Emperor Wenzong of Tang
2405:, Isaac, ed. (1834). ,
1689:Emperor Daizong of Tang
521:Niu-Li factional strife
428:and younger brother of
406:Emperor Wenzong of Tang
2501:Emperor Wuzong of Tang
1535:Emperor Muzong of Tang
1338:Emperor Dezong of Tang
896:
2491:Emperor of Tang China
1236:Yang clan of Hongnong
892:
180:Kāichéng (開成) 836–840
2408:Nipon o daï itsi ran
1226:; d. 838), first son
1204:Consorts and Issue:
556:), Li Quanlüe's son
537:Empress Dowager Wang
101:Zhang Mausoleum (章陵)
2291:, vol. 59, preface.
1629:Lady Wang (704–777)
1298:Princess Guanghua (
1289:Princess Langning (
1271:Princess Xingtang (
1232:Worthy Consort Yang
888:Emperor Xian of Han
1481:Empress Zhuangxian
1111:(829–833, 834–835)
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1008:Confucian classics
967:. You can help by
158:Initially Hán (涵),
2776:
2775:
2507:
2506:
2498:Succeeded by
2032:
2031:
1280:Princess Xiping (
1055:
1054:
1018:Foreign relations
985:
984:
403:
402:
395:
394:
376:Standard Mandarin
332:
331:
313:Standard Mandarin
263:
262:
215:
214:
124:Princess Guanghua
122:Princess Langning
118:Princess Xingtang
2811:
2678:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2510:
2509:
2481:Preceded by
2473:
2472:
2433:New Book of Tang
2424:
2388:Old Book of Tang
2369:
2360:
2354:
2352:New Book of Tang
2349:
2343:
2336:
2330:
2323:
2317:
2307:
2292:
2285:
2279:
2269:
2250:
2240:
2234:
2224:
2203:
2193:
2187:
2177:
2171:
2161:
2152:
2144:Old Book of Tang
2140:
2134:
2127:Old Book of Tang
2124:
2118:
2110:Old Book of Tang
2106:
2095:
2083:
2070:
2069:
2064:. Archived from
2062:"中央研究院 兩千年中西曆轉換"
2058:
1982:Empress Zhenxian
1600:Guo Ai (752–800)
1316:
1315:
1303:
1302:
1294:
1293:
1285:
1284:
1276:
1275:
1267:
1266:
1243:
1242:
1225:
1224:
1213:
1212:
1059:Emperor of Japan
1050:
1047:
1029:
1022:
980:
977:
959:
952:
884:King Nan of Zhou
442:Emperor Xianzong
430:Emperor Jingzong
391:
390:
367:
366:
353:
352:
328:
327:
304:
303:
290:
289:
265:
264:
258:Empress Zhenxian
199:(元聖昭獻孝皇帝) (full)
130:
129:
61:Emperor Jingzong
37:
28:
21:
20:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2812:
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2779:
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2237:
2225:
2206:
2194:
2190:
2178:
2174:
2162:
2155:
2141:
2137:
2131:vol. 17, part 2
2125:
2121:
2115:vol. 17, part 1
2107:
2098:
2084:
2073:
2068:on 22 May 2010.
2060:
2059:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
1313:
1202:
1075:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1035:needs expansion
1020:
981:
975:
972:
965:needs expansion
950:
840:
711:
705:
523:
517:
504:
444:. His father,
438:
361:(personal name)
358:Literal meaning
295:Literal meaning
198:
196:
189:Posthumous name
183:
164:
161:
159:
150:
123:
121:
120:Princess Xiping
119:
117:
102:
84:20 November 809
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2544:
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2521:
2513:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2496:
2495:826–840
2487:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2476:Regnal titles
2470:
2469:
2449:Zizhi Tongjian
2441:
2425:
2400:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2355:
2344:
2331:
2318:
2310:Zizhi Tongjian
2293:
2280:
2272:Zizhi Tongjian
2251:
2235:
2227:Zizhi Tongjian
2204:
2196:Zizhi Tongjian
2188:
2180:Zizhi Tongjian
2172:
2164:Zizhi Tongjian
2153:
2135:
2119:
2096:
2087:Zizhi Tongjian
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1419:
1416:
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1412:
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1409:
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1403:
1400:
1399:
1396:Empress Zhaode
1393:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1370:
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1201:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1147:(835, 836–837)
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1087:(827–830, 839)
1082:
1074:
1071:
1067:Emperor Ninmyō
1053:
1052:
1032:
1030:
1019:
1016:
983:
982:
962:
960:
949:
946:
839:
833:
821:Ganlu Incident
709:Ganlu Incident
704:
693:
516:
505:
503:
500:
491:Wang Shoucheng
437:
434:
426:Emperor Muzong
401:
400:
397:
396:
393:
392:
385:
379:
378:
372:
371:
370:Transcriptions
363:
362:
359:
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309:
308:
307:Transcriptions
300:
299:
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292:
291:
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276:
275:
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271:
261:
260:
255:
251:
250:
248:Emperor Muzong
245:
241:
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229:
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217:
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208:
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200:
192:
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185:
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157:
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110:
104:
103:
100:
98:
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
74:
73:
71:Emperor Wuzong
68:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
50:
46:
45:
39:
38:
30:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2816:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2682:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
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2639:
2636:
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2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
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2601:
2599:
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2579:
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2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2534:
2529:
2527:
2522:
2520:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2502:
2493:
2492:
2485:
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2474:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2429:
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2420:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2394:
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2368:
2366:
2359:
2353:
2348:
2341:
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2328:
2322:
2315:
2311:
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2304:
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2300:
2298:
2290:
2284:
2277:
2273:
2268:
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2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2248:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2158:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2139:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2046:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1983:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1881:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1831:
1824:
1823:
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1819:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1752:
1747:
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1740:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1660:
1654:
1653:Empress Yi'an
1649:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1605:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1549:
1548:
1543:
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1530:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1520:
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1504:
1495:
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1482:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1472:
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1461:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1429:
1423:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1365:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1318:
1317:
1297:
1288:
1279:
1270:
1268:), second son
1261:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1049:
1046:December 2009
1040:
1036:
1033:This section
1031:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
979:
976:December 2009
970:
966:
963:This section
961:
958:
954:
953:
945:
942:
937:
933:
929:
925:
920:
917:
912:
909:
905:
901:
895:
891:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
859:
857:
853:
849:
845:
837:
832:
830:
826:
822:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
791:
789:
785:
781:
776:
770:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
742:
740:
736:
732:
728:
722:
720:
716:
710:
702:
698:
692:
690:
686:
682:
677:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
625:In late 829,
623:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
599:Shi Xiancheng
595:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
564:
559:
555:
551:
547:
546:
540:
538:
533:
529:
522:
514:
510:
499:
496:
495:Shence Armies
492:
488:
484:
478:
476:
472:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
416:(李涵), was an
415:
411:
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72:
69:
65:
62:
59:
55:
51:
47:
44:
40:
36:
31:
22:
19:
2722:N. Dynasties
2718:S. Dynasties
2637:
2489:
2447:
2431:
2413:
2406:
2386:
2364:
2358:
2347:
2339:
2334:
2326:
2321:
2309:
2288:
2283:
2271:
2243:
2238:
2226:
2195:
2191:
2179:
2175:
2163:
2142:
2138:
2126:
2122:
2108:
2085:
2066:the original
1259:
1203:
1056:
1043:
1039:adding to it
1034:
1011:
1005:
986:
973:
969:adding to it
964:
921:
916:Consort Yang
913:
897:
893:
876:Zhou dynasty
872:Emperor Shun
860:
844:Liu Congjian
841:
835:
816:Qiu Shiliang
807:
803:
792:
771:
759:Yellow River
743:
723:
712:
700:
696:
678:
643:
624:
596:
584:Shijiazhuang
580:Wang Tingcou
543:
541:
524:
512:
508:
479:
475:Consort Xiao
458:crown prince
439:
422:Tang dynasty
413:
409:
405:
404:
383:Hanyu Pinyin
326:Táng Wénzōng
320:Hanyu Pinyin
269:Tang Wenzong
268:
211:Wénzōng (文宗)
112:
18:
2714:16 Kingdoms
2594:(2nd reign)
2583:(2nd reign)
2423:(in French)
2391:, vol. 17,
2342:, vol. 59 .
2338:See, e.g.,
2329:, vol. 59 .
2325:See, e.g.,
2287:See, e.g.,
2242:See, e.g.,
1175:Chen Yixing
1121:Song Shenxi
997:calligraphy
991:'s poetry,
928:Li Chengmei
900:Chen Yixing
880:Han dynasty
868:Emperor Yao
775:immortality
747:Li Zhongyan
666:Song Shenxi
639:Du Yuanying
576:Wu Chongyin
528:chancellors
454:Consort Guo
205:Temple name
142:Family name
57:Predecessor
2794:840 deaths
2789:809 births
2783:Categories
2706:3 Kingdoms
2444:Sima Guang
2428:Ouyang Xiu
2036:References
1457:Wang Ziyan
1214:; d. 838)
1151:Shu Yuanyu
1115:Niu Sengru
1109:Li Zongmin
1091:Wei Chuhou
1012:Guozi Jian
784:Shu Yuanyu
707:See also:
658:Niu Sengru
654:Li Zongmin
558:Li Tongjie
532:Wei Chuhou
519:See also:
436:Background
154:Given name
2581:Zhongzong
2576:Wu Zetian
2566:Zhongzong
2367:, p. 108.
2041:Citations
1691:(726–779)
1577:(697–781)
1537:(795–824)
1483:(763–816)
1424:(778–820)
1366:(761–806)
1340:(742–805)
1244:; d. 840)
1234:, of the
1195:(839–840)
1189:(838–840)
1183:(838–840)
1181:Yang Sifu
1177:(837–839)
1171:(835–838)
1165:(835–839)
1163:Zheng Tan
1135:(833–835)
1129:(833–834)
1123:(830–831)
1117:(830–832)
1105:(828–835)
1099:(827–830)
1093:(827–828)
1081:(827–828)
1079:Dou Yizhi
1063:Heian-kyō
936:Yang Sifu
904:Yang Sifu
856:Wei River
829:Zheng Tan
763:wet nurse
751:Zhenjiang
670:Zheng Zhu
619:He Jintao
466:concubine
450:Confucian
169:Era dates
133:Full name
67:Successor
2663:Zhaozong
2648:Xuānzong
2633:Jingzong
2623:Xianzong
2618:Shunzong
2598:Xuanzong
2452:, vols.
2446:et al.,
2430:et al.,
2403:Titsingh
2385:et al.,
2314:vol. 246
2276:vol. 245
2231:vol. 244
2200:vol. 241
2184:vol. 237
2168:vol. 238
2092:vol. 243
1984:(d. 847)
1655:(d. 851)
1575:Guo Ziyi
1398:(d. 786)
1311:Ancestry
1256:Unknown
1223:莊恪皇太子 李永
1145:Li Guyan
993:Zhang Xu
864:Zhou Chi
848:Changzhi
836:Kaicheng
735:Hanzhong
611:Yuncheng
572:Shandong
563:Chang'an
550:Cangzhou
545:Jiedushi
2638:Wenzong
2608:Daizong
2592:Ruizong
2571:Ruizong
2561:Gaozong
2556:Taizong
2417:Paris:
2376:Sources
2245:Bo Yang
2149:vol. 16
1241:賢妃 弘農楊氏
1218:Li Yong
1193:Cui Dan
1133:Wang Ya
1127:Li Deyu
1097:Wang Bo
1001:Pei Min
948:Culture
941:Li Chan
932:eunuchs
924:Li Rong
812:Chinese
800:Shaanxi
788:Wang Ya
755:Jiangsu
739:Shaanxi
715:Li Yong
689:Sichuan
662:Li Deyu
635:Sichuan
631:Chengdu
627:Nanzhao
483:eunuchs
471:Li Zhan
462:Li Ning
420:of the
418:emperor
343:Chinese
280:Chinese
233:Dynasty
114:Li Yong
2746:W. Xia
2658:Xizong
2653:Yizong
2643:Wuzong
2628:Muzong
2613:Dezong
2603:Suzong
2438:vol. 8
2411:; ou,
2397:part 2
2393:part 1
2383:Liu Xu
1265:蔣王 李宗儉
1200:Family
1187:Li Jue
1169:Li Shi
1157:Li Xun
1139:Jia Su
1103:Lu Sui
1085:Pei Du
989:Li Bai
908:Li Jue
906:, and
852:Shanxi
825:Li Shi
804:before
780:Jia Su
767:Lu Sui
674:Li Cou
650:Pei Du
615:Shanxi
603:Handan
592:Li You
568:Jining
507:Early
446:Li You
414:Li Han
410:Li Ang
389:Lǐ Áng
337:Li Ang
254:Mother
244:Father
97:Burial
2690:Shang
2587:Shang
2551:Gaozu
1211:德妃 王氏
1159:(835)
1153:(835)
1141:(835)
808:ganlu
796:Baoji
731:Hubei
727:Wuhan
719:Li Pu
701:Taihe
695:Late
681:Tufan
607:Hebei
588:Hebei
554:Hebei
513:Taihe
502:Reign
487:Li Wu
412:, né
221:House
108:Issue
49:Reign
2762:Qing
2758:Ming
2754:Yuan
2742:Song
2738:Liao
2730:Tang
2694:Zhou
1301:光化公主
1292:郎寧公主
1283:西平公主
1274:興唐公主
999:and
886:and
878:and
870:and
827:and
782:and
697:Dahe
656:and
509:Dahe
238:Tang
89:Died
81:Born
2770:PRC
2766:ROC
2750:Jīn
2726:Sui
2710:Jìn
2702:Han
2698:Qin
2686:Xia
2466:246
2462:245
2458:244
2454:243
1041:.
1014:).
995:'s
971:.
838:Era
810:in
741:).
703:Era
515:Era
287:唐文宗
149:(李)
27:唐文宗
2785::
2768:/
2764:→
2760:→
2756:→
2752:→
2748:/
2744:/
2740:/
2736:→
2732:→
2728:→
2724:→
2720:/
2716:→
2712:/
2708:→
2704:→
2700:→
2696:→
2692:→
2688:→
2668:Ai
2464:,
2460:,
2456:,
2436:,
2421:.
2395:,
2312:,
2296:^
2274:,
2254:^
2229:,
2207:^
2198:,
2182:,
2166:,
2156:^
2147:,
2129:,
2113:,
2099:^
2090:,
2074:^
2049:^
1069:.
902:,
858:.
850:,
798:,
790:.
753:,
737:,
729:,
687:,
633:,
613:,
605:,
586:,
570:,
552:,
477:.
350:李昂
226:Li
156::
147:Lǐ
144::
2677:唐
2532:e
2525:t
2518:v
2468:.
2440:.
2399:.
2316:.
2278:.
2233:.
2202:.
2186:.
2170:.
2151:.
2133:.
2117:.
2094:.
1304:)
1286:)
1277:)
1262:(
1238:(
1048:)
1044:(
978:)
974:(
882:—
699:/
511:/
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